2022年考研《英語(yǔ)(一)》考試真題及答案解析【完整版】

2022年考研《英語(yǔ)（一）》考試真題及答案解析【完整版】SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm"plantneurobiologywas (1)aroundnotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe (2)tointelligenceinanimals. (3)plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat (4)consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit (5)sogreatlyfromofanimalsthatso-called (6)ofplantsintelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.Beginningin2006,somescientistshave (7)thatplantsneuron-like cells that interact with hormones andneurotransmitters, (8)"aplantnervoussystem, (9)tothatinanimals."saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They (10)claimedthatplantshave'brain-likecommandcenters'attheirroottips."This (11)makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofabrain, (12)ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals. (13),thesignalinginaplantisonly (14)similartothefiringinacomplexanimalwhichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity."Taizsaid."Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold(15)ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"he(16)"Sinceplantsdon'tnervoussystems,the(17)thattheyhaveconsciousnesseffectivelyzero."Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan'trunawayfrom (18).Soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich (19)athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery (20)evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.【題干】1. .【選項(xiàng)】A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued【答案】A【題干】2. .【選項(xiàng)】A.attributedB.directedC.comparedD.confined【答案】C【題干】3. .A.unlessB.whenC.onceD.though【答案】D【題干】4. .【選項(xiàng)】A.copewithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedin【答案】C【題干】5. .【選項(xiàng)】A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs【答案】D【題干】6. .【選項(xiàng)】A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation【答案】B【題干】7. .【選項(xiàng)】A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested【答案】C【題干】8. .【選項(xiàng)】A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing【答案】B【題干】9. .【選項(xiàng)】A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive【答案】A10.【題干】10. .【選項(xiàng)】A.justB.everC.stillD.even【答案】D11.【題干】11. .【選項(xiàng)】A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand【答案】C12.【題干】12. .【選項(xiàng)】A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing【答案】D13.【題干】13. .【選項(xiàng)】A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise【答案】A14.【題干】14. .【選項(xiàng)】A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily【答案】C15.【題干】15. .【選項(xiàng)】A.listB.levelC.labelD.local【答案】B16.【題干】16. .【選項(xiàng)】A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added【答案】D17.【題干】17. .【選項(xiàng)】A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions【答案】A18.【題干】18. .【選項(xiàng)】A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control【答案】A19.【題干】19. .【選項(xiàng)】A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes【答案】D20.【題干】20. .【選項(xiàng)】A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easy【答案】BSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts.itgoeswrong."Shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb."Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulpieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"naturecarpets"–largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets–whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"sunscreens"becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglyAndmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve.…willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen."【題干】AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefaceddifficultiesin .【選項(xiàng)】A.maintainingtheirplasticitemsB.obtainingdurableplasticartifactsC.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibitsD.classifyingtheirplasticcollections【答案】A【題干VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare .【選項(xiàng)】A.immunetodecayB.improperlyshapedC.inherentlyflawedD.complexinstructure【答案】C【題干】MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto .【選項(xiàng)】A.keepthemfromhurtingvisitorsB.duplicatethemforfuturedisplayC.havetheiringredientsanalyzedD.preventthemfromfurtherdamage【答案】D【題干】Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis .【選項(xiàng)】A.costlyB.unworthyC.unpopularD.challenging【答案】D【題干】InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts .【選項(xiàng)】willinspirefuturescientificresearchhasprofoundhistoricalsignificancewillhelpusseparatethematerialageshasanimpactontoday'sculturallife【答案】BText2Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles;apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employerslongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversitywillworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacoreofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory.Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentpersonaltense:Iamageographer'orIamaclassist.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it'sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.【題干】TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould .【選項(xiàng)】becarefulinchoosingacollegebediligentateacheducationalstagereassessthenecessityofcollegeeducationpostponetheirundergraduateapplication【答案】C【題干】ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduatereflect .【選項(xiàng)】A.Millennial’sopinionsaboutworkB.theshrinkingvalueofadegreeC.publicdiscontentwitheducationD.thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility【答案】B【題干】Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat .【選項(xiàng)】A.GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegreeB.schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkersC.employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegreeD.parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation【答案】C【題干】ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithoneshould .【選項(xiàng)】makeanearlydecisionontheircareerattendonthejobtrainingprogramsteamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduatesfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield【答案】D【題干】WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelastparagraphs?【選項(xiàng)】A.LifelonglearningwilldefineB.Theywillmakequalifiededucators.C.Depresswillnolongerappealthem.D.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.【答案】AText3Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofwordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists:andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicateworktonewaudiences."Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning."Onerespondentsaid.OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember'sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartistthanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignandcancritiqueeachother'swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.foundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hencethe"visualstudies"inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.Nature'spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,embracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave .【選項(xiàng)】caughttheattentionofcriticsreceivedfavorableresponsespromotedacademicpublishingsparkedheatedpublicdisputes【答案】B【題干】ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat .【選項(xiàng)】artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstosciencesciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotionspublicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfutureartiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations【答案】A【題干】Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership .【選項(xiàng)】theirrolemaybeunderestimatedtheirreputationmaybeimpairedtheircreativitymaybeinhibitedtheirworkmaybemisguided【答案】A【題干】WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS? .【選項(xiàng)】Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.【答案】B【題干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations .【選項(xiàng)】arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectationswillintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetitionshoulddomorethancommunicatingscience.arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore【答案】CText4ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead.dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals".Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming.high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotecttheofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in"AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand'sProductivityParadox"(2014).TheProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'sproductivitygrowthrecord.NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmbytheERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.SocietyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentStringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified"high-incomethreshold"fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers'Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.【題干】ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto .【選項(xiàng)】punishdubiouscorporatepracticesimprovetraditionalhiringproceduresexemptemployersfromcertaindutiesprotecttherightsofordinaryworkers【答案】D【題干】ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thattheprovisionsmay .【選項(xiàng)】A.hinderbusinessdevelopmentB.underminemanagers'authorityC.affectthepublicimageofthefirmsD.worsenlabor-managementrelations【答案】A【題干】WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldbetheProductivityCommissionsupport?【選項(xiàng)】A.Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.B.EnforcingemploymentprotectionlawsC.Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.D.Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.【答案】D【題干】WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures? 【選項(xiàng)】A.Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.B.Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.C.Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.D.Employersneedtohirenewstaff.【答案】B【題干】Itcanbeinferredthatthe"high-incomethreshold"Australia .【選項(xiàng)】hassecuredmanagers'earningshasproducedundesiredresultsisbeneficialtobusinessownersisdifficulttoputintopractice【答案】CPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintocoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemnumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)TeriByrd(41)Iwasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyears.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitoftheanimalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactuallyparticipatedinanycontributionswhosebottomlineismuchimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou"enhance"enclosures,theydonotallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequatetimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminatezoosfromourculture.KarenR.Sime (42)Asazoologyprofessor,IagreewithEmmaMarristhatzoocanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.Thezoologyprogramatmyuniversityattractsstudentsforwhomvisitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.Thesearemostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildliferefugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestinconservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveandinteractiveexperience.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalanceszoos'treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.GregNewberry (43)EmmaMarris'sarticleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionatewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Sheusesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldtounderminethenoblemissionoforganizationcommittedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycareforanimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.ButtheyaretheexceptionthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowillasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.DeanGallea (44)Asafellowenvironmentalistanimal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian.IcouldproperlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisonissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-runzoosandtheheroicthatsuffertheircaptivitysoserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnotopportunitiestoobservethesebeautifulwildcreaturesclosetohomemanymorepeoplewouldbetheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekoutdisturbandevenhuntthemdown.Zoosareinthatsensesimilartonaturalhistoryandarcheologymuseumsservingtosatisfyourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedintheirnaturalenvironments.JohnFraser (45)EmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsourresearch.Ourstudiesfocusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnatureandthedatapointsextractedfromourstudies.Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosinconnectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundstoencounterarangeofanimalsfromdronebeestospringbokorsalmontobetterunderstandthenaturalworldwelivein.41.【題干】41. .【選項(xiàng)】Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotsubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributewildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestaltemative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneyoveranimals'wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.【答案】F42.【題干】42. .【選項(xiàng)】Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotsubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplaysignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributewildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestaltemative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneyoveranimals'wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.【答案】C43.【題干】43. .【選項(xiàng)】Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotsubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplayasignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributewildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestaltemative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneyoveranimals'wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.【答案】A44.【題干】44. .【選項(xiàng)】Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotsubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplaysignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributewildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestaltemative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneyoveranimals'wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.【答案】D45.【題干】45. .【選項(xiàng)】Zooswhichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimalsshouldnotsubjectedtounfaircriticism.Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadinhumaneoutcomesforthepreciouscreaturesintheircare.Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zoosplaysignificantroleinstartingyoungpeopledownthepathofrelatedsciences.Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributewildlifeconservation.Forwildanimalsthatcannotbereturnedtotheirnaturalhabitats,zoosofferthebestaltemative.Zoosshouldhavebeencloseddownastheyprioritizemoneyoveranimals'wellbeing.Marrisdistortsourfindingswhichactuallyprovethatzoosasanindispensablelinkbetweenmanandnature.【答案】GSectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)"Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants:betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck:betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplereadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix."TheScovellCiphers."(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell'ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman'sappendix,publishedin1914.Wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutsecretware.IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold?StudyingScovell'spapersatthePublicRecordOffice(inKew.,westLondon)Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousaworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.Irealizedatoncethatthispriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.Furthermore.Scovell'sstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington'sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhiswereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(50)JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,soattemptstomakehi