《管理信息技術(shù)》課件(英文版)-03

Chapter31Chapter3Collaboration,Discovery,andCommunication

Chapter31Chapter3CollaboratiChapter32LearningObjectivesUnderstandtheconceptsoftheInternetandtheWeb,theirimportance,andtheircapabilities.Understandtheroleofintranets,extranets,andcorporateportalsfororganizations.IdentifythevariouswaysinwhichcommunicationisexecutedovertheInternet.DemonstratehowpeoplecollaborateovertheInternet,intranets,andextranetsusingvarioussupportingtools,includingvoicetechnologyandteleconferencing.Describegroupwarecapabilities.Describeandanalyzetheroleofe-learninganddistancelearning.Analyzetelecommuting(teleworking)asatechno-socialphenomenon.Considerethicalandintegrationissuesrelatedtotheuseofnetworkcomputing.Chapter32LearningObjectivesUChapter33NetworkComputing

Thevastwebofelectronicnetworks,referredtoastheinformationsuperhighwayorInternetlinksthecomputingresourcesofbusinesses,government,andeducationalinstitutionsusingacommoncomputercommunicationprotocol,TCP/IP.TheWorldWideWeb---theWeb--isthemostwidelyusedapplicationontheInternet.IntranetsExtranetsCollaborationCommunicationDiscoveryChapter33NetworkComputingThChapter34Evolution-NetworkComputingInternetChapter34Evolution-NetworkChapter35InternetApplicationCategories

Discovery:

Discoveryinvolvesbrowsingandinformationretrieval.

Communication:

TheInternetprovidesfastandinexpensivecommunicationchannelsthatrangefrommessagespostedononlinebulletinboardstocomplexinformationexchangesamongmanyorganizations.Collaboration:

Duetoimprovedcommunication,electroniccollaborationbetweenindividualsand/orgroupsrangingfromscreensharingandteleconferencingtogroupsupportsystems.TheNetisalsousedfor:EducationEntertainment:Peoplecanaccessthecontentofnewspapers,magazines,andbooks.Correspondwithfriendsandfamily,playgames,listentomusic,viewmoviesandotherculturalevents.Work:Theycandownloaddocuments,doresearch.Chapter35InternetApplicationChapter36TheNetworkComputingInfrastructureIntranet:anetworkdesignedtoservetheinternalinformationalneedsofacompany,usingInternetconceptsandtools.BrowsingandSearchcapabilities.Supportcommunicationandcollaboration.Extranet:Anextranetisaninfrastructurethatallowssecurecommunications(connectstheintranetsofdifferentorganizations)amongbusinesspartnersovertheInternet.Enablesbusiness-to-business(B2B)transactionsProvidesaninterfacetoexchangeofbusinessformsInadditiontotheInternetandtheWebtherearetwoothermajorinfrastructuresofnetworkcomputing:theintranetandtheextranetChapter36TheNetworkComputinChapter37TheNetworkComputingInfrastructureAnetworkisdesignedtoservetheinformationalneedsofacompany,usingInternetconceptsandtools.Chapter37TheNetworkComputinChapter38Discovery-InternetApplicationCategories

InternetSoftwareAgents

Internet-BasedWebMining

OtherDiscoveryAids

ToolbarsMaterialinForeignLanguagesInformationandCorporatePortalsThroughthediscoverycapabilityuserscanaccessinformationlocatedindatabasesallovertheworld.Itfacilitateseducation,governmentservices,entertainment,andcommerce.Discoveryisdonebybrowsingandsearching

staticordynamicdatasourcesontheWeb.Chapter38Discovery-InternetChapter39Discovery-InternetSoftwareAgents

Searchengines,directories,softwareandintelligentagentsWeb-Browsing-AssistingAgentsFrequentlyAskedQuestions(FAQ)AgentsSearchEnginesandIntelligentIndexingAgentsSoftwareagentsarecomputerprogramsthatcarryoutasetofroutinecomputertasksonbehalfoftheuserandinsodoingemploysomesortofknowledgeoftheuser’sgoalsChapter39Discovery-InternetChapter310Discovery-Internet-BasedWebMining

PredictiveToolsClassification(PredefinedGroups)RegressionTimeseriesDescriptiveToolsClustering(NoPredefinedGroups)SummarizationAssociationSequencingDataminingreferstosophisticatedanalysistechniquesforsiftingthroughlargeamountsofinformationtodiscovernewpatternsandrelationships.Chapter310Discovery-InterneChapter311Discovery-OtherDiscoveryAids

WWhatIs?

()eBizSearch

()HighBeam

()H.FHundredsofothersearchenginesanddiscoveryaidsareavailableChapter311Discovery-OtherDChapter312Discovery-ToolbarsGoogleToolbar()CopernicAgentBasic()KartOO()YahooCompanion()Grokker()Togetthemostoutofsearchengines,youmayuseadd-ontoolbarsandspecialsoftware.Chapter312Discovery-ToolbarChapter313Discovery-InformationinForeignLanguagesWorldPointPassport()BabelFishTranslation()AutoTranslate(offeredinNetscapebrowser)ThereisahugeamountofinformationontheInternetinlanguagesthatyoumaynotknow.AutomatictranslationofWebpagesisanapplicationofferedbymanyvendors.However,notallautomatictranslationsareequallygood,soevaluationoftheseproductsisneeded.Chapter313Discovery-InformaChapter314Discovery-Information&CorporatePortalsCommercial(public)portals

offercontentfordiversecommunitiesandarethemostpopularportalsontheInternet.Examplesare:Publishingportals

areintendedforcommunitieswithspecificinterests.Examplesare:AportalisaWeb-basedpersonalizedgatewaytoinformationandknowledgeinnetworkcomputing.ItattemptstoaddressinformationoverloadbyprovidingonescreenfromwhichwedoallourworkontheWeb.ThuseliminatingretrievaltimespentonintegratingdisparateITsystems.Chapter314Discovery-InformaChapter315Discovery-Information&CorporatePortals(continued)Personalportalstargetspecificfilteredinformationforindividuals.AffinityportalssupportcommunitiessuchashobbygroupsorapoliticalpartyMobileportalsareportalsaccessiblefrommobiledevices.VoiceportalsareWebportalswithaudiointerfaces,whichenablesthemtobeaccessedbyastandardorcellphone.AOLbyPhoneChapter315Discovery-InformaChapter316Discovery-Information&CorporatePortals(continued)Suppliersportals:Usingcorporateportals,supplierscanmangetheirowninventoriesonline.Customersportals:Customerscanuseacustomer-facingportalforviewingproductsandservicesandplacingorders,whichtheycanlaterself-track.Employeesportals:Suchportalsareusedfortraining,disseminationofnewsandinformation,andworkplacediscussiongroups.Supervisors’portals:Theseportals,sometimescalledworkforceportals,enablemanagersandsupervisorstocontroltheentireworkforcemanagementprocess–frombudgetingtoschedulingworkforce.Corporateportalsprovidesingle-pointaccesstospecificenterpriseinformationandapplicationsavailableontheInternet,intranets,andextranetstoemployees,businesspartners,andcustomers.Theyarealsoknownasenterpriseportalsorenterpriseinformationportals.Chapter316Discovery-InformaChapter317Discovery-Information&CorporatePortals(continued)CorporateportalsChapter317Discovery-InformaChapter318Communication-InternetApplicationCategories

ElectronicMailWeb-BasedCallCentersElectronicChatRoomsVoiceCommunicationWeblogging(Blogging)Peopleexchangeandshareinformationbysendingandreceivingmessages,documents,formsandfiles.Thisinformation-processingsupportstheorganizationandthetransactionofbusiness.CommunicationscaninvolveoneorseveralIT-supportedmedia,suchastext,voice,graphics,radio,pictures,andanimation.Usingdifferentmediaincreasestheeffectivenessofamessage,expediteslearning,andenhancesproblemsolving.Chapter318Communication-IntChapter319CommunicationModesPeople-to-peoplePeople-to-machinePeopleandmachine-to-machineChapter319CommunicationModesChapter320Communication-Time/PlaceFrameworkSame-time/same-placeSame-time/different-placeDifferent-time/same-placeDifferent-time/different-placeChapter320Communication-TimeChapter321Collaboration-InternetApplicationCategories

Virtualcollaboration

(e-collaboration):

theuseofdigitaltechnologiesthatenableorganizationsorindividualstocollaborativeCollaborativecommerce

(c-commerce):collaborationamongbusinesspartnersSupplychainsDealer/PartnerNetworksProductNetworksCollaboration

referstothemutualeffortsoftwoormoreindividualsorgroupstoperformactivitiesinordertoaccomplishcertaintasks.Thesetasksrangefromdesigningproductsanddocuments,toteaching,toexecutingcomplementarysubtasks,toworkingwithcustomers,suppliers,andotherbusinesspartners.Inanefforttoimproveproductivityandcompetitivenesscollaborationcanbesupportedelectronically.Chapter321Collaboration-IntChapter322Collaboration–Tools(Workflows)

WorkflowTechnologies:

themovementofinformationthroughthesequenceofstepsthatmakeupanorganization’sworkproceduresorbusinessprocesses.Workflowmanagementistheautomationofworkflowsfromstarttofinish,includingallexceptionconditions.Workflowsystemsarebusinessprocessautomationtools(softwareprograms)thatautomatealmostanyinformation-processingtask.Workflowapplications:Collaborativeworkflow:addressesproject-orientedandcollaborativetypesofprocesses.Productionworkflow:addressesmission-critical,transaction-oriented,highvolumeprocesses.Administrativeworkflow:iscrossbetweencollaborativeandproductionworkflows.Chapter322Collaboration–TooChapter323Collaboration–Tools(Groupware)

ElectronicMeetingSystemsattempttoimproveface-to-facemeetingswiththeirelectroniccounter-part.ElectronicTeleconferencing(Teleconferencing)istheuseofelectroniccommunicationthatallowstwoormorepeopleatdifferentlocationstohaveasimultaneousconference.VideoTeleconferencing(videoconference),

participantsinonelocationcanseeparticipantsatotherlocations.Data(dataconferencing)canalsobesentalongwithvoiceandvideomakingitpossibletoworkondocumentstogether.WebConferencingisVideoconferencingsolelyconductedontheInternetSoftwareproductsthatsupportgroupsofpeoplewhoshareacommontaskorgoalandwhocollaborateonitsaccomplishment.Groupwareimpliestheuseofnetworkstoconnectpeople,evenifthepeopleareinthesameroom.Chapter323Collaboration–TooChapter324Collaboration–Tools(Groupware)

(continued)InteractiveWhiteboardsworklikethe“physicalworld”whiteboardswithmarkersanderasers,exceptinsteadofonepersonstandinginfrontofameetingroomdrawingonthewhiteboard,allparticipantscanjoinin.ScreenSharingsoftware,allowsgroupmemberstoworkonthesamedocument,whichisshownonthePCscreenofeachparticipant.Instantvideo,isakindofrealtimechatroomthatallowsyoutoseethepersonyouarecommunicatingwith.Real-timecollaboration(RTC)Tools:helpcompaniesbridgetimeandspacetomakedecisionsandtocollaborateonprojects.RTCtoolssupportsynchronouscommunicationofgraphicalandtext-basedinformation.Chapter324Collaboration–TooChapter325Collaboration–Tools(continued)Chapter325Collaboration–TooChapter326Collaboration–

(continued)CollaborativeNetworksChapter326Collaboration–(coChapter327E-Learning–Web-basedApplicationBlackboardInc.

()

offersacompletesuiteofenterprisesoftwareproductsandservicesthatpoweratotal“e-educationinfrastructure”forschools,colleges,universities,andothereducationproviders.WebCT

()

providesasimilarsetoftools,butwithadifferentvisionandstrategy.Itusesadvancedpedagogicaltoolstohelpinstitutionsofhighereducationmakedistance-learningcoursespossible.Distancelearning

(DL)referstosituationswhereteachersandstudentsdonotmeetface-to-face.Itcanbedoneindifferentways.E-learningisonlyoneformofdistancelearning.Itprovidesanewsetoftoolsthataddvaluetotraditionallearningmodes.Itdoesnotreplacetheclassroomsetting,butenhancesit,takingadvantageofnewcontentanddeliverytechnologies.Chapter327E-Learning–Web-baChapter328Telecommuting–Web-basedApplicationTherearenumerousnon-compensatorybenefitsandadvantagesforemployees,employers,andsociety.Themostimportantbeingimprovedproductivity.Somedisadvantagesfortheemployeesareincreasedfeelingsofisolation,lossoffringebenefits,noworkplacevisibility,andlackofsocialization.Disadvantagestoemployersaredifficultiesinsupervisingwork,potentialdatasecurityproblems,trainingcosts,andthehighcostofequippingandmaintainingtelecommuters’homes.Telecommuting,orteleworking,referstoanarrangementwherebyemployeescanworkathome,atthecustomer’spremises,inspecialworkplaces,orwhiletraveling,usuallyusingacomputerlinkedtotheirplaceofemployment.Chapter328Telecommuting–WebChapter329MANAGERIALISSUESSecurityofcommunication.Communicationvianetworksraisestheissueoftheintegrity,confidentiality,andsecurityofthedatabeingtransferred.Theprotectionofdatainnetworksacrosstheglobeisnotsimple.Installingdigitaldashboards.Manycompaniesareinstalling“digitaldashboards,”whichareasortofone-wayportalthatarecontinuouslyupdatedwithonlinedisplays.ThedashboardisavailabletoemployeesinvisibleplacesaroundthecompanyandisalsoaccessiblefromPCs,PDAs,etc.Largecompanies,suchGeneralElectric,believethatthecostofthedashboardscanbejustifiedbybetterdiscoveryandcommunicationtheypromotewithinthecompany.Controlofemployeetimeandactivities.Tocontrolthetimethatemployeesmightwaste“surfingtheNet”duringworkinghours,somecompanieslimittheinformationthatemployeeshaveaccesstoorusespecialmonitoringsoftware.ProvidingguidelinesforemployeeuseoftheInternetisasimplebutfairlyeffectiveapproach.Howmanyportals?Amajorissueforsomecompaniesishowmanyportalstohave.Shouldtherebeseparateportalsforcustomers,suppliers,employees,forexample?Regardlessoftheanswer,itisagoodideatointegratetheseparateportals.Ifyoubuildaseparateportal,makesureitcanbeeasilyconnectedtotheothers.Chapter329MANAGERIALISSUESSeChapter330MANAGERIALISSUESContinuedOrganizationalimpacts.Technology-supportedcommunicationmayhavemajororganizationalimpacts.Forexample,intranetsandgroupwareforcepeopletocooperateandshareinformation.Therefore,theirusecanleadtosignificantchangesinbothorganizationalcultureandtheexecutionofbusinessprocessreengineering.Furtherimpactsmaybefeltincorporatestructureandtheredistributionoforganizationalpower.Telecommuting.Telecommutingisacompellingventure,butmanagementneedstobecareful.Notalljobsaresuitablefortelecommuting,andallowingonlysomeemployeestotelecommutemaycreatejealousy.Likewise,notallemployeesaresuitabletelecommuters;someneedtheenergyandsocialcontactfoundinanofficesetting.Cost-benefitjustification.Thetechnologiesdescribedinthischapterdonotcomefree,andmanyofthebenefitsareintangible.However,thepriceofmanynetworkingtechnologiesisdecreasing.Controllingaccesstoandmanagingthecontentofthematerialonanintranet.Thisisbecomingamajorproblemduetotheeaseofplacingmaterialonanintranetandthehugevolumeofinformation.Flohr(1997)suggeststoolsandprocedurestomanagethesituation.Chapter330MANAGERIALISSUESCChapter331Chapter3Collaboration,Discovery,andCommunication

Chapter31Chapter3CollaboratiChapter332LearningObjectivesUnderstandtheconceptsoftheInternetandtheWeb,theirimportance,andtheircapabilities.Understandtheroleofintranets,extranets,andcorporateportalsfororganizations.IdentifythevariouswaysinwhichcommunicationisexecutedovertheInternet.DemonstratehowpeoplecollaborateovertheInternet,intranets,andextranetsusingvarioussupportingtools,includingvoicetechnologyandteleconferencing.Describegroupwarecapabilities.Describeandanalyzetheroleofe-learninganddistancelearning.Analyzetelecommuting(teleworking)asatechno-socialphenomenon.Considerethicalandintegrationissuesrelatedtotheuseofnetworkcomputing.Chapter32LearningObjectivesUChapter333NetworkComputing

Thevastwebofelectronicnetworks,referredtoastheinformationsuperhighwayorInternetlinksthecomputingresourcesofbusinesses,government,andeducationalinstitutionsusingacommoncomputercommunicationprotocol,TCP/IP.TheWorldWideWeb---theWeb--isthemostwidelyusedapplicationontheInternet.IntranetsExtranetsCollaborationCommunicationDiscoveryChapter33NetworkComputingThChapter334Evolution-NetworkComputingInternetChapter34Evolution-NetworkChapter335InternetApplicationCategories

Discovery:

Discoveryinvolvesbrowsingandinformationretrieval.

Communication:

TheInternetprovidesfastandinexpensivecommunicationchannelsthatrangefrommessagespostedononlinebulletinboardstocomplexinformationexchangesamongmanyorganizations.Collaboration:

Duetoimprovedcommunication,electroniccollaborationbetweenindividualsand/orgroupsrangingfromscreensharingandteleconferencingtogroupsupportsystems.TheNetisalsousedfor:EducationEntertainment:Peoplecanaccessthecontentofnewspapers,magazines,andbooks.Correspondwithfriendsandfamily,playgames,listentomusic,viewmoviesandotherculturalevents.Work:Theycandownloaddocuments,doresearch.Chapter35InternetApplicationChapter336TheNetworkComputingInfrastructureIntranet:anetworkdesignedtoservetheinternalinformationalneedsofacompany,usingInternetconceptsandtools.BrowsingandSearchcapabilities.Supportcommunicationandcollaboration.Extranet:Anextranetisaninfrastructurethatallowssecurecommunications(connectstheintranetsofdifferentorganizations)amongbusinesspartnersovertheInternet.Enablesbusiness-to-business(B2B)transactionsProvidesaninterfacetoexchangeofbusinessformsInadditiontotheInternetandtheWebtherearetwoothermajorinfrastructuresofnetworkcomputing:theintranetandtheextranetChapter36TheNetworkComputinChapter337TheNetworkComputingInfrastructureAnetworkisdesignedtoservetheinformationalneedsofacompany,usingInternetconceptsandtools.Chapter37TheNetworkComputinChapter338Discovery-InternetApplicationCategories

InternetSoftwareAgents

Internet-BasedWebMining

OtherDiscoveryAids

ToolbarsMaterialinForeignLanguagesInformationandCorporatePortalsThroughthediscoverycapabilityuserscanaccessinformationlocatedindatabasesallovertheworld.Itfacilitateseducation,governmentservices,entertainment,andcommerce.Discoveryisdonebybrowsingandsearching

staticordynamicdatasourcesontheWeb.Chapter38Discovery-InternetChapter339Discovery-InternetSoftwareAgents

Searchengines,directories,softwareandintelligentagentsWeb-Browsing-AssistingAgentsFrequentlyAskedQuestions(FAQ)AgentsSearchEnginesandIntelligentIndexingAgentsSoftwareagentsarecomputerprogramsthatcarryoutasetofroutinecomputertasksonbehalfoftheuserandinsodoingemploysomesortofknowledgeoftheuser’sgoalsChapter39Discovery-InternetChapter340Discovery-Internet-BasedWebMining

PredictiveToolsClassification(PredefinedGroups)RegressionTimeseriesDescriptiveToolsClustering(NoPredefinedGroups)SummarizationAssociationSequencingDataminingreferstosophisticatedanalysistechniquesforsiftingthroughlargeamountsofinformationtodiscovernewpatternsandrelationships.Chapter310Discovery-InterneChapter341Discovery-OtherDiscoveryAids

WWhatIs?

()eBizSearch

()HighBeam

()H.FHundredsofothersearchenginesanddiscoveryaidsareavailableChapter311Discovery-OtherDChapter342Discovery-ToolbarsGoogleToolbar()CopernicAgentBasic()KartOO()YahooCompanion()Grokker()Togetthemostoutofsearchengines,youmayuseadd-ontoolbarsandspecialsoftware.Chapter312Discovery-ToolbarChapter343Discovery-InformationinForeignLanguagesWorldPointPassport()BabelFishTranslation()AutoTranslate(offeredinNetscapebrowser)ThereisahugeamountofinformationontheInternetinlanguagesthatyoumaynotknow.AutomatictranslationofWebpagesisanapplicationofferedbymanyvendors.However,notallautomatictranslationsareequallygood,soevaluationoftheseproductsisneeded.Chapter313Discovery-InformaChapter344Discovery-Information&CorporatePortalsCommercial(public)portals

offercontentfordiversecommunitiesandarethemostpopularportalsontheInternet.Examplesare:Publishingportals

areintendedforcommunitieswithspecificinterests.Examplesare:AportalisaWeb-basedpersonalizedgatewaytoinformationandknowledgeinnetworkcomputing.ItattemptstoaddressinformationoverloadbyprovidingonescreenfromwhichwedoallourworkontheWeb.ThuseliminatingretrievaltimespentonintegratingdisparateITsystems.Chapter314Discovery-InformaChapter345Discovery-Information&CorporatePortals(continued)Personalportalstargetspecificfilteredinformationforindividuals.AffinityportalssupportcommunitiessuchashobbygroupsorapoliticalpartyMobileportalsareportalsaccessiblefrommobiledevices.VoiceportalsareWebportalswithaudiointerfaces,whichenablesthemtobeaccessedbyastandardorcellphone.AOLbyPhoneChapter315Discovery-InformaChapter346Discovery-Information&CorporatePortals(continued)Suppliersportals:Usingcorporateportals,supplierscanmangetheirowninventoriesonline.Customersportals:Customerscanuseacustomer-facingportalforviewingproductsandservicesandplacingorders,whichtheycanlaterself-track.Employeesportals:Suchportalsareusedfortraining,disseminationofnewsandinformation,andworkplacediscussiongroups.Supervisors’portals:Theseportals,sometimescalledworkforceportals,enablemanagersandsupervisorstocontroltheentireworkforcemanagementprocess–frombudgetingtoschedulingworkforce.Corporateportalsprovidesingle-pointaccesstospecificenterpriseinformationandapplicationsavailableontheInternet,intranets,andextranetstoemployees,businesspartners,andcustomers.Theyarealsoknownasenterpriseportalsorenterpriseinformationportals.Chapter316Discovery-InformaChapter347Discovery-Information&CorporatePortals(continued)CorporateportalsChapter317Discovery-InformaChapter348Communication-InternetApplicationCategories

ElectronicMailWeb-BasedCallCentersElectronicChatRoomsVoiceCommunicationWeblogging(Blogging)Peopleexchangeandshareinformationbysendingandreceivingmessages,documents,formsandfiles.Thisinformation-processingsupportstheorganizationandthetransactionofbusiness.CommunicationscaninvolveoneorseveralIT-supportedmedia,suchastext,voice,graphics,radio,pictures,andanimation.Usingdifferentmediaincreasestheeffectivenessofamessage,expediteslearning,andenhancesproblemsolving.Chapter318Communication-IntChapter349CommunicationModesPeople-to-peoplePeople-to-machinePeopleandmachine-to-machineChapter319CommunicationModesChapter350Communication-Time/PlaceFrameworkSame-time/same-placeSame-time/different-placeDifferent-time/same-placeDifferent-time/different-placeChapter320Communication-TimeChapter351Collaboration-InternetApplicationCategories

Virtualcollaboration

(e-collaboration):

theuseofdigitaltechnologiesthatenableorganizationsorindividualstocollaborativeCollaborativecommerce

(c-commerce):collaborationamongbusinesspartnersSupplychainsDealer/PartnerNetworksProductNetworksCollaboration

referstothemutualeffortsoftwoormoreindividualsorgroupstoperformactivitiesinordertoaccomplishcertaintasks.Thesetasksrangefromdesigningproductsanddocuments,toteaching,toexecutingcomplementarysubtasks,toworkingwithcustomers,suppliers,andotherbusinesspartners.Inanefforttoimproveproductivityandcompetitivenesscollaborationcanbesupportedelectronically.Chapter321Collaboration-IntChapter352Collaboration–Tools(Workflows)

WorkflowTechnologies:

themovementofinformationthroughthesequenceofstepsthatmakeupanorganization’sworkproceduresorbusinessprocesses.Workflowmanagementistheautomationofworkflowsfromstarttofinish,includingallexceptionconditions.Workflowsystemsarebusinessprocessautomationtools(softwareprograms)thatautomatealmostanyinformation-processingtask.Workflowapplications:Collaborativeworkflow:addressesproject-orientedandcollaborativetypesofprocesses.Productionworkflow:addressesmission-critical,transaction-oriented,highvolumeprocesses.Administrativeworkflow:iscrossbetweencollaborativeandproductionworkflows.Chapter322Collaboration–TooChapter353Collaboration–Tools(Groupware)

ElectronicMeetingSystemsattempttoimproveface-to-facemeetingswiththeirelectroniccounter-part.ElectronicTeleconferencing(Teleconferencing)istheuseofelectroniccommunicationthatallowstwoormorepeopleatdifferentlocationstohaveasimultaneousconference.VideoTeleconferencing(videoconference),

participantsinonelocationcanseeparticipantsatotherlocations.Data(dataconferencing)canalsobesentalongwithvoiceandvideomakingitpossibletoworkondocumentstogether.WebConferencingisVideoconferencingsolelyconductedontheInternetSoftwareproductsthatsupportgroupsofpeoplewhoshareacommontaskorgoalandwhocollaborateonitsaccomplishment.Groupwareimpliestheuseofnetworkstoconnectpeople,evenifthepeopleareinthesameroom.Chapter323Collaboration–TooChapter354Collaboration–Tools(Groupware)

(continued)