高一英語(yǔ)主謂一致人教版

高一英語(yǔ)主謂一致人教版【本講教育信息】教學(xué)內(nèi)容：主謂一致知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納（一）概述：主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致：在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。主要體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞do,have以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)保持一致的基本原則：語(yǔ)法一致，就近一致和意義一致。名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)有人稱和單，復(fù)數(shù)之分，動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)就是第三人稱單數(shù)形式而動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式即動(dòng)詞的原形。例句：Iamseventeen,andheissixteen.Thereisadeskintheroom,buttherearenochairsinit.Johngetsupatsixo'clockeverymorning.WhatisthelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGames?Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.（二）語(yǔ)法一致：由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)：（1）這部分主語(yǔ)表示的是兩個(gè)人或兩件不同的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：MybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeR's.（2）這部分主語(yǔ)表示具有兩個(gè)身份或性質(zhì)的同一個(gè)人或一個(gè)完整的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofU.S.A.（3）這部分主語(yǔ)前面有each,every,manya,no等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例句：Eachdoctorand（each）nursewasgivenanewshirt.Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.動(dòng)名詞，不定式，主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tolivemeanstocreate.Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，被視為一個(gè)整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.不定代詞anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?Someonewantstoseeyou.（三）就近原則由連詞or,either???or,neither???nor,notonly???butalso,連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和離它最近的哪個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。例句：EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin'smovies.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.GeorgeorTomiswanted.注意：Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。例句：Therearen'tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.名詞后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan短語(yǔ)共同做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這些短語(yǔ)前面的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致。例句：Allbutonewereherejustnow.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothatnationasagift.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.YouaswellasIarewrong.（四）意義一致代詞none,neither,all的不可數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式由它們指的內(nèi)容決定例句：（1）Allhopehasgone.（2）Allareagreedonthispoint.（3）—Isthereanymilkinthefridge?—No,thereisnone.（4）Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.集合名詞group,class,family,army,enemy,team等名詞的單，復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容而定。例句：（1）Theclasswereallcheerful.（2）Theteamweretakingoversomenewplays.（3）Thegrouparereadingthenewspapers.（4）Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.（5）Thearmyhaverescuedthetravelers.限定詞短語(yǔ)allof…；noneof…；alotof…；以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of….修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由of后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。例句：（1）Noneofthesesuggestionsareveryhelpful.（2）Idon'tthinkanyofuswantstoworktomorrow.（3）Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.難點(diǎn)突破主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中。同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí)，遇到這樣的題時(shí)，要牢記主謂一致的三個(gè)基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關(guān)鍵的主語(yǔ)部分。同時(shí)還要考慮句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致。theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Jimwasoneoftheboyswhowerelateforclass.Jimwastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaslateforclass.【典型例題】[例1]E-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play分析：帶有aswellas短語(yǔ)的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這個(gè)名詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，不受aswellas短語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail是單數(shù)形式，故選擇A。[例2]EitherJohnorhisfriendstoblameforthebadresults.A.areB.isC.wasD.hasbeen分析：either—or..連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與離它最近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱一致，本題中hisfriends決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，故選擇A。[例3]Theconductorandcomposerbyacrowdofpeople.A.aregreetedB.isgreetedC.greetsD.havebeengreeted分析：根據(jù)句意，主語(yǔ)部分的Theconductorandcomposer是指一個(gè)人即：樂隊(duì)指揮兼作曲家，所以主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式，故選擇B。[例4]—Thetrousersyouwell,madam.—Butthecolourme.A.fit;don'tsuitB.fits;doesn'tsuitC.fits;don'tsuitD.fit;doesn'tsuit分析：trousers,clothes,glasses，等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Colour是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，故選擇D。[例5]TheSmith'sfamily,whichratheralargeone,veryfondoftheiroldhouse.A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wasD.was;was分析：family指“家庭”為單數(shù)，指“家庭成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的which指“家庭”謂語(yǔ)用was.第二空格后的fondof指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子”謂語(yǔ)為were，故選擇B。[例6]Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen分析：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí)，其后的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng)one之前有theonly時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)theonlyone，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。另外，題目中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)forthreeyears表明從句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇D。[例7]Threefifthsofthepoliceintheschoolnearthetown.A.hastrainedA.hastrainedB.havetrainedC.hasbeentrainedD.havebeentrained分析：分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由分?jǐn)?shù)所指的名詞的形式（可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）決定，police是集合名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句子意思，police與train為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選擇D。短文改錯(cuò)片段：Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.分析：本句中主語(yǔ)Nowmypictureandtheprize是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is應(yīng)改為are.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.分析：本句第一行，根據(jù)全篇內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞talked改為talk.第二行：根據(jù)句意：我們下課后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語(yǔ)we—致，改為復(fù)數(shù)形式，strangers.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.分析：主語(yǔ)information是不可數(shù)名詞，are應(yīng)改為is【模擬試題】—Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?—No,theteacher,togetherwiththestudentstotheplayground.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.havegone—Aretheseyoursheep?—No.Mineongrassatthefootofthehill.A.arefeedingB.feedC.isfedD.isfeedingSittingatthebackoftheroombutinfrontofsomeoldmenandwomenaveryshygirlwithtwobrighteyes.A.wasB.areC.wereD.therewasMr.Bush,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughtergoingtoJapannextweek.A.areB.isC.willbeD.wouldbeNottheteacherbutthestudentsexcited.A.isB.hasC.areD.haveAsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutesallthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.A.areB.wasC.isD.wereofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifths;areC.Twofifth;areD.Twofifths;is試題答案1.C分析：本題考查的