考研考博-英語-烏蘭察布職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-烏蘭察布職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Passage1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeinagreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists”Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeopleto,organizeotherpeopleswork,tobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield:hiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist—andespeciallytheadministrator—dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.

Heisan“educated”man;andhumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinaparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiodintowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou—butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob:itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.

21.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor______.

22.Thespecialistis______.

23.Theadministratoris______.

24.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant______.

25.Aman’sfirstjob______.

問題1選項

A.specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers

B.all-roundpeopleintheirownfield

C.peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’swork

D.generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

問題2選項

A.amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

B.amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

C.amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefield

D.amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

問題3選項

A.amanwhoisan“educated”specialist

B.a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

C.amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

D.amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

問題4選項

A.totrytobeageneralist

B.tochooseaprofitablejob

C.todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

D.tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

問題5選項

A.shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

B.isnevertherightjobforhim

C.shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob

D.isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】21.【選項釋義】

21.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor______.21.對______的需求日益增加。

A.specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothersA.主要關(guān)心為他人提供行政指導(dǎo)的專家

B.all-roundpeopleintheirownfieldB.各自領(lǐng)域的全能型人才

C.peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’sworkC.以組織他人工作為工作職責(zé)的人

D.generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessionalD.技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)教育背景的通才

【答案】C

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)increasingdemand定位至第一段第三、四句“但是，人們越來越需要那些一眼就能看到廣闊領(lǐng)域的人，這些人可能對任何一個領(lǐng)域都不太了解。換句話說，人們需要能夠看到整個森林而不是樹木的人，需要能夠做出一般判斷的人?！崩斫饪芍?，能夠做出一般判斷的人的需求日益增加，結(jié)合第一段第五句“我們可以稱這些人為‘通才’，這些‘通才’在行政管理職位上尤其需要，他們的工作是監(jiān)督其他人工作，他們必須為其他人計劃、組織其工作、開始工作和評判工作”可知，能夠做出一般判斷的人指的是行政管理職位上的人，C項“以組織他人工作為工作職責(zé)的人”同屬行政管理的職能，故該題選擇C項。

【干擾項排除】

A項“主要關(guān)心為他人提供行政指導(dǎo)的專家”，根據(jù)原文可知，“通才”才是關(guān)心領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力、計劃和方向的人才，該項屬于張冠李戴；

B項“各自領(lǐng)域的全能型人才”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，需要的這類“通才”可能對任何一個領(lǐng)域都不太了解，該項屬于反向干擾；

D項“技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)教育背景的通才”，根據(jù)原文可知，專家的教育背景才是技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)，該項屬于張冠李戴。

22.【選項釋義】

22.Thespecialistis______.22.專家是______。

A.amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmattersA.專門從事技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)事務(wù)的人

B.amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeopleB.一個以訓(xùn)練他人為工作職責(zé)的人

C.amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefieldC.在多個領(lǐng)域受過訓(xùn)練的人

D.amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetreesD.一個能看到整個森林而不是樹木的人

【答案】A

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“專家只了解一個領(lǐng)域，他的教育背景是適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)或?qū)I(yè)”可知，專家是專門從事技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)事務(wù)的人，該題選擇A項“專門從事技術(shù)或?qū)I(yè)事務(wù)的人”正確。

【干擾項排除】B項“一個以訓(xùn)練他人為工作職責(zé)的人”、C項“在多個領(lǐng)域受過訓(xùn)練的人”和D項“一個能看到整個森林而不是樹木的人”是“通才”所具備的能力，都屬于張冠李戴。

23.【選項釋義】

23.Theadministratoris______.23.管理者是______。

A.amanwhoisan“educated”specialistA.受過“教育”的專家

B.a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralistB.一個“訓(xùn)練有素”的人，他是一個專家而不是通才

C.amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforestC.既能看到樹木又能看到森林的人

D.amanwhoisverystronginthehumanitiesD.很擅長人文學(xué)科的人

【答案】D

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“他是一個‘有教養(yǎng)’的人；人文學(xué)科是他最堅實的基礎(chǔ)”可知，人文學(xué)科對管理者而言是最堅固的基礎(chǔ)，也就是說管理者很擅長人文學(xué)科，故該題選擇D項“很擅長人文學(xué)科的人”。

【干擾項排除】

A項“受過‘教育’的專家”和B項“一個‘訓(xùn)練有素’的人，他是一個專家而不是通才”，根據(jù)第二段第二句“很少有專家能成為管理人員”可知，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“既能看到樹木又能看到森林的人”根據(jù)題干定位至第一段最后一句“通才——尤其是管理者——與人打交道”可知，管理者就是通才，而前文提到通才是“能夠看到整個森林而不是樹木的人”，該項屬于曲解原文。

24.【選項釋義】

24.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant______.24.在你的培訓(xùn)期間，______是重要的。

A.totrytobeageneralistA.努力成為一個通才

B.tochooseaprofitablejobB.選擇有利可圖的工作

C.todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralistC.決定你是適合做專家還是通才

D.tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyouD.找一個適合你的組織

【答案】C

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“在培訓(xùn)期間，你的任務(wù)是找出你適合這兩種工作中的哪一種，并據(jù)此規(guī)劃你的職業(yè)生涯”，第二段提到的兩種工作就是通才和專家，所以在培訓(xùn)期間，找到自己適合做專家還是通才是重要的，該題選擇C項“決定你是適合做專家還是通才”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“努力成為一個通才”與原文不符，該項屬于曲解原文；

B項“選擇有利可圖的工作”和D項“找一個適合你的組織”文中沒有提到，這兩項屬于無中生有。

25.【選項釋義】

25.Aman’sfirstjob______.25.一個人的第一份工作______。

A.shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljobA.不應(yīng)該被視為自己的最后一份工作

B.isnevertherightjobforhimB.永遠(yuǎn)不適合他

C.shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjobC.不應(yīng)該被改變，否則人們會懷疑他是否有能力勝任任何工作

D.isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobD.主要是讓自己適應(yīng)最后一份工作的機會

【答案】A

【考查點】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第三段“你的第一份工作可能是適合你的——但這純粹是偶然。當(dāng)然，你不應(yīng)該經(jīng)常換工作，否則人們會懷疑你從事任何工作的能力。同時，你也不能把第一份工作看成最后一份工作：它主要是一份培訓(xùn)工作，一個了解你自己以及你是否適合成為一名員工的機會?！?，從中理解可知，第一份工作可能是適合的，但是不應(yīng)該把第一份工作看作是最后一份工作，所以該題選擇A項“不應(yīng)該被視為自己的最后一份工作”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B項“永遠(yuǎn)不適合他”與原文相反，該項屬于反向干擾；

C項“不應(yīng)該被改變，否則人們會懷疑他是否有能力勝任任何工作”，不是不應(yīng)該改變，而是不應(yīng)該經(jīng)常換工作，該項屬于曲解原文；

D項“主要是讓自己適應(yīng)最后一份工作的機會”，不應(yīng)該把第一份工作看作是最后一份工作，該項屬于反向干擾。

2.單選題

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

問題1選項

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項regular“定期的；有規(guī)律的；合格的；整齊的；普通的”；B選項immediate“立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C選項prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；D選項temporary“暫時的，臨時的”。句意：公司每月定期檢查支出情況。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞periodical“[數(shù)]周期的；定期的”，得知A選項正確。

3.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayorofthecity.

問題1選項

A.presumed

B.proposed

C.presented

D.presided

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項presumed“假定，推測”；B選項proposed“建議，打算”；C選項presented“提出，呈遞”；D選項presided“主持，擔(dān)任會議主席”。句意：會議由該市市長（）。本句表示“會議由市長主持”，因此D選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Diseaseisafluidconceptinfluencedbysocietalandculturalattitudesthatchangediachronicallyinresponsetonewscientificandmedicaldiscoveries.Historically,doctorsdefinedadiseaseaccordingtoaclusterofsymptoms,andastheirclinicaldescriptionsbecamemoresophisticatedtheystartedtoclassifydiseasesintoseparategroups,sothatfromthismedicaltaxonomycamenewinsightsintodiseaseetiology.Beforethe20thcentury,schizophreniaandsyphiliticinsanityweretreatedasthesamedisease,butbyearly1900itbecameevidentthatpsychoseswithoutassociateddementiarepresentedaseparatediseaseforwhichthetermschizophreniawasthencoined.Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyremainsuncertain.Whileanoptimistichuntisstillonforthegenesinvolved,wemustcontinuetodefineschizophreniaintermsofthepresenceorabsenceof“positive”and“negative”symptoms.

Labelingsomeoneasdiseased,however,hasenormousindividual,social,financial,andphysicimplications,forirrespectiveofdiseasesymptoms,thelabelitselfmayleadtosignificantdistress.Individualswithasymptomaticconditions,includinggeneticvariations,maybeperceivedbythemselvesorothersashavingadisease.Itisnotthatlabelingsomeoneasdiseasedisalwayspositive—itdoeshavesevereramifications,affectingdecisionstohavechildrenorresultinginunjusttreatmentbylife,medical,anddisabilityinsurers—butitcanbebeneficial,legitimizingsymptoms,clarifyingissuesofpersonalresponsibility,andimprovingaccessibilitytohealthcare.Nevertheless,deviationsfromnormalthatarenotassociatedwithriskshouldnotbeconsideredsynonymouswithdisease.Twoschools—nominalistandessentialistorreductionist-havedebatedtheclinicalcriteriausedtolabelapatientasdiseased.Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename,suchasschizophrenia,anddonotofferanexplanationoftheunderlyingetiology,whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology,andnowarguethattheessentiallesiondefiningthediseasestateisageneticabnormality.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatdiseasesdefinedaccordingtotheessentialisttraditionmaybepreciselywrong,whereasthosedefinedinthenominalisttraditionalmayberoughlyaccurate.Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality),foradverseconsequences,whilethelatterhelpssuggestspecificgeneticorpharmacologictherapies.Thus,bothclinicalcriteriaandgeneticabnormalitiesshouldbeusedtodefineadiseasestate,andthechoiceofadiseasedefinitionwillvaryaccordingtowhatonewishestoachieve,thegeneticcounselingoffamilymembersortheeffectivetreatmentofthepatient.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthewayschizophreniahasbeenclassifiedbydoctorsafter1960stobeanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

3.Accordingtothepassage,anadherentofthe“nominalistschool'wouldclassifyararenewfeverinwhichofthefollowingways?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphinrelationtothepassageasawhole?

5.Itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingsituationsislikelytobemostproblematictoanadherentofthe“essentialist”methodofpathologicaltaxonomy?

問題1選項

A.proposingareturntoatraditionaltaxonomicalsystem

B.describingawaytoresolveataxonomicaldilemma

C.assessingthesuccessofanewtaxonomicalmethod

D.predictingachangeinfuturetaxonomy

問題2選項

A.Adiseasewhichresistedtraditionalmethodsofclassification,buthasbeenservedwellbymodernmethodsofclassification.

B.Adiseasewhichhasresistedmodernmethodsofclassification,andcontinuestorequireatraditionalmethodofclassification.

C.Adiseasewhichsatisfiesmodernmethodsofclassificationbest,butwhichscientistsprefertoclassifythroughatraditionalmethod.

D.Adiseasewhichsatisfiestraditionalmethodsofclassificationbest,butwhichscientistsprefertoclassifythroughamodernmethod.

問題3選項

A.Shewouldwaituntilthediseaseappearsinotherpatients,thenclassifyitbyestablishingvariationsintheirsymptoms.

B.Shewoulddeterminewhetherthediseaseisacquiredorgenetic,thenclassifyitaccordingly.

C.Shewouldisolatethebacteriaorvirusorgeneticanomalywhichcausesthedisease,thenclassifyitaccordingly.

D.Shewoulddescribethepatient’ssymptoms,comparethemtopatientswhohavehadsimilarsymptoms,thentreatthepatternasadisease.

問題4選項

A.Itsummarizesthebenefitsthatmayaccruefromaperfectedsystemofpathologicaltaxonomy.

B.Itprovidesadditionalreasonswhypathologicaltaxonomyisadifficultendeavor.

C.Itarguesforasynthesisoftwomethodsofpathologicaltaxonomyalreadyinuse.

D.Itcontinuestohighlightthedifferencesbetweentwomethodsoftaxonomicalpathologicaltaxonomy.

問題5選項

A.Apatientsufferingfromfever,inwhichthevirusthatisapparentlyresponsibleforthesymptomshasnotbeenisolated.

B.Apatientsufferingfromlunginflammationwhich,thoughresemblingotherinflammations,doesnotrespondtoanyknowntreatments.

C.Apatientsufferingfromageneticanomalywhosecausemaybeknownbutwhoseconsequencesremainunidentified.

D.Acaseofapatientwithsymptomsthatmayhavearisenfromtwoknowndiseasesofdifferentsources.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章第一二段提到在確診疾病的依據(jù)時，有兩個不同的派別：唯名論者（nominalist）和本質(zhì)主義者（essentialist），前者用疾病名稱來標(biāo)記癥狀（Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename），后者認(rèn)為每一種疾病都有病理病因（Whileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology）；文章在最后一段提出在確診時，臨床癥狀和基因都應(yīng)該考慮（Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality)），選項B“提出一種解決疾病分類進(jìn)退兩難處境的方法”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到“對精神分裂癥的定義從20世紀(jì)60年代的精神疾病演變成一種疑似遺傳病因的疾病，盡管這種病因還不確定”（Thedefinitionofschizophreniacontinuestoevolvefromthepsychiatricdiseaseofthe1960stoanillnesswithasuspectedgeneticetiology,thoughtheexistenceofsuchanetiologyremainsuncertain），由此可知選項D“一種滿足傳統(tǒng)分類方法的疾病，但是科學(xué)家更愿意通過現(xiàn)代方法來分類”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段提到“唯名論者用疾病名稱來標(biāo)記各類癥狀，例如精神分裂癥，并且沒有對潛在的病因作任何解釋”（Nominalistslabelsymptomswithadiseasename,suchasschizophrenia,anddonotofferanexplanationoftheunderlyingetiology），選項D“她會描述患者的癥狀，跟那些有同樣癥狀的病人比較，然后將他們定義為患同一種疾病”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章最后一段提到“但是在確診一種疾病時，臨床癥狀和基因異常都應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)”（Butinlabelingadiseasestate,wemustconsiderboththephenotype(symptoms)orthegenotype(geneticabnormality)），由此可知選項C“提出綜合兩種正在使用的病理分類方法”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章第二段的最后提到“然后本質(zhì)主義者認(rèn)為每種疾病都有一個病理學(xué)上的病因，而且現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為決定病情最本質(zhì)的病變是基因異?！保╳hileessentialistscontendthatforeverydiseasethereisanunderlyingpathologicaletiology,andnowarguethattheessentiallesiondefiningthediseasestateisageneticabnormality），選項A“一名明顯是由病毒感染而引起發(fā)燒的病人”符合題意。

5.單選題

Thishotel（

）$50forasingleroomwithbath.

問題1選項

A.claims

B.charges

C.demands

D.prices

【答案】B

【解析】意:這家酒店帶浴室的單間要價50美元。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的三單形式。Claim要求,請求,主張;charge要價,向前沖;demand要求,查詢,需要;price給……定價,估價。B符合句意。

6.單選題

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards（笨蛋），theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxy（代替物）forability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.

Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.

Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhycleverstudentsrefusetoentertheteachingprofessionisthat（）.

3.“Thedataarestriking:when...thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture”（inParagraph2）meansthat（）.

4.Increaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecause（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.

B.ThepayofAmericanteachersisbasedontheirperformance.

C.SometeachersintheU.S.arenotqualifiedenough.

D.Howmuchtheteachersarepaidisthemostimportantfactor.

問題2選項

A.itofferslowpay.

B.theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.

C.itdoesnotvalueproductivity

D.itusespoorrecruitingstrategies

問題3選項

A.studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer

B.studentsdoingwellinstudycan’tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer

C.studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers

D.studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers

問題4選項

A.schoolsdidapoorjobofchoosingteachers

B.mediocreteachersalwayspostponeretirement

C.thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough

D.teachersdidn’thaveequalopportunities

問題5選項

A.trainingisnecessaryforthosewhowanttobecomeagoodteacher

B.thosewhowanttobecometeachersintheU.S.havetobelicensed

C.manygraduatesoftopuniversitieswouldliketoenterteaching

D.thereisannualincreaseinteachersalariesintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句話提到NEA,themainteacher’sunion，由此可知選項A的說法是錯誤的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句話thepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance，由此可知選項B說法錯誤，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話提到America’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch，由此可知選項D說法錯誤，可以排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到有才華的老師可能擅長其他領(lǐng)域的職業(yè)，所以他們有強烈的動機離開教育行業(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)而從事其他那些薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率掛鉤的工作（sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity），這也說明教育行業(yè)的薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率無關(guān)，所以那些聰明學(xué)生并不愿意套入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。劃線句子的大意是那些最聰明的學(xué)生并不愿意踏入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C“那些學(xué)習(xí)成績好的學(xué)生不愿意成為教師”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到becauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers，因此選項A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第一段提到everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed（每個州都要求老師有執(zhí)照），選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

By1817theUnitedStatesConfesshad_______allinternaltaxesandwasrelyingontariffsonimportedgoodstoprovidesufficientrevenuestorunthegovernment.

問題1選項

A.allocated

B.distributed

C.eliminated

D.collected

【答案】C

【解析】allocated分配;distributed分發(fā);eliminated忽略,除去;collected收集。句意：到1817年,美國承認(rèn)取消了所有的國內(nèi)稅收,運行政府依靠進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅來提供足夠的收入。選項C符合句意。

8.單選題

Itisour（

）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

問題1選項

A.consistent

B.continuous

C.considerate

D.continual

【答案】A

【解析】形近詞辨析題。consistent始終如一的，堅持的；continuous連續(xù)的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；continual持續(xù)不斷的，頻繁的。

句意：通過和平的方式實現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一，這是我們一貫的政策。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

Hepromisedmealetter;heoughtto______itdaysago.

問題1選項

A.havewritten

B.write

C.hadwritten

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查時態(tài)。oughtto或should加不定式原形在時間上相當(dāng)于動詞的現(xiàn)在時；oughtto或should加不定式的完成時在時間上相當(dāng)于動詞的過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時。在本句中，時間狀語daysago已經(jīng)決定了句中的謂語動詞一定是過去時，即oughttohavedonesomething，句意：他答應(yīng)給我寫封信；他幾天前就該寫了。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Thedrugsmust（

）ineverywaytothestandardssetupbythegovernment.

問題1選項

A.conform

B.confirm

C.comply

D.correspond

【答案】A

【解析】句意:藥物必須符合政府設(shè)定的各項標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

動詞辨析。Conform符合,一般是conformto;confirm證實;comply順從,遵守,一般是complywith;correspond符合，一致,后接to時表示“與…對應(yīng)/相呼應(yīng)”。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可知ineveryway是表程度，空白處后而接的介詞是to,并且整個部分需表示“符合，遵守”的意思，故答案選項為A。

11.單選題

Thisdocumentis（

）unlessitisofficiallystamped.

問題1選項

A.invalid

B.acute

C.deliberate

D.confidential

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。invalid“無效的”；acute“嚴(yán)重的”；deliberate“故意的”；confidential“機密的，保密的”。句意：這份文件除非有官方蓋章，否則就是無效的。由后半句unless…這個條件可知A項正確。

12.單選題

YouhaveprobablyheardabouteliteuniversitiesofferingfreeonlinecoursesthroughCoursera.Injustthepastfewweeks,Courserahasadded12universities,includingPrinceton,DukeandJohnsHopkins.

Thecompany'swebsitesaysitsgoalisto“giveeveryoneaccesstotheworld-classeducationthathassofarbeenavailableonlytoaselectedfew’,andmuchofthenewscoveragehasfocusedonhowthiswilldemocratizelearning.TwoweeksafterCourseraannounceditsinitialroundofpartnerships,HarvardUniversityandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyannouncedaplantoinvest$60millioninasimilarcourseplatformcallededX,andathirdcompany,Udacity,announcedthatittoowouldjointhefray.

Despitenearuniversalenthusiasmforsuchprojects,it’simportanttotakeafewstepsback.First,althoughthecontentisfreenow,it’sunlikelythatitwillremainthatwayforlong.AccordingtoCoursera’scontracts,boththecompanyandtheschoolsplantomakeaprofit―theyjusthaven’tfiguredoutthebestwaytodothatyet.Butmoreimportant,I’mconcernedthatcomputer-aidedinstructionwillactuallywidenthegapbetweenthefinanciallyandeducationallyprivilegedandeveryoneelse,insteadofcloseit.

Intermsoflearningonthecollegelevel,theDepartmentofEducation,lookedatthousandsofresearchstudiesfrom1996to2008andfoundthatinhighereducation,studentsrarelylearnedasmuchfromonlinecoursesastheydidintraditionalclasses.Infact,thereportfoundthatthebiggestbenefitofonlineinstruction,camefromalearningenvironmentthatcombinedtechnologywithtraditionalmethods,butwarnedthattheuptickhadmoretodowiththeincreasedamountofindividualizedinstructionstudentsgotinthatenvironment,notthepresenceoftechnology.Forallbutthebrightest,themoretimestudentsspendwithtraditionalinstruction,thebettertheyseemtodo.

SupportersofonlinelearningsaythatallanyoneneedstoaccessagreateducationisastableInternetconnection.Butonly35%ofhouseholdsearninglessthan$25,000havebroadbandaccesstotheInternet,comparedwith94%ofhouseholdswithincomemorethan$100,000.Inaddition,accordingtothe2010ReportonMobileAccess,onlyhalfofblackandLatinosprimarilyusethen-cellphonestoaccesstheInternet,amuchmoreexpensiveandless-than-idealmethodfortakingpartinonlineeducation.Inshortytheexplosionofthistypeofeducation,thoughfreenow,mayleavebehindthestudentswhoneededucationthemost.

It’snothardtounderstandwhythechancetowatchlectures,passtestsandevengetaformalcertificatefromaneliteschoolwouldstirexcitement.ButtherecentlyreleasedreportontheAmericanDreammakesclear,afour-yearcollegedegreeistheonlytypeofeducationalinterventionthatpromotesupwardmobilityfromthelower-middleclass.Ifwereallywanttodemocratizeeducation,findingcreativewaystorealisticallyopenupcollegestodifferentcommunitieswilldomoretohelpthanamodelthatismorebeneficialforstudentswhoarealreadywealthy,academicallypreparedandhighlymotivated.Weoughttomakesurethateveryonehasaccesstothesameopportunities,orwewillfurtherwidentheopportunitygapswemeantoclose.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheresearchstudiesfrom1996to2008inparagraphfourthatinonlineinstruction,（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNotthereasonwhycomputer-aidedinstructionwillactuallywidentheeducationalgap?

3.Theauthorconcludesthatifwewanttodemocratizeeducation,weshould

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sdevelopmentofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.studentscanbenefitthemostfromthepresenceoftechnology

B.whatmattersistheincreasedamountofindividualizedinstruction

C.studentscanlearnmorecomparedwithintraditionalone

D.themoretimetheclevereststudentsspend,thehigherscorestheyget

問題2選項

A.Companiesandschoolswanttomakeaprofitfromonlinecourses.

B.Onlineinstruction,won'thelpstudentsasmuchastraditionalclasses.

C.NoteveryonehastheequalaccesstoInternetconnection.

D.It’sunrealistictoprovideonlinecoursestopeoplefromdifferentcommunities.

問題3選項

A.attendlectures,andgetacollegedegreehian.eliteschool

B.signupforvariousonlinecoursesandgetaformalcertificate

C.establishcollegesforstudentsofdifferentbackgroundscreativelyandrealistically

D.guaranteethathighlymotivatedstudentshavethesameopportunityasothers.

問題4選項

A.Introducingtheissue---raisinghisownpointofview---offeringreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatus---citingwaystodealwiththeissue.

B.Citingwaystodealwiththeissue---offeringreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatus---raisinghisownpointofview---introducingtheissue.

C.Raisinghisownpointofview---citingwaystodealwiththeissue---offeringreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatus---introducingtheissue.

D.Raisinghisownpointofview---introducingtheissue---citingwaystodealwiththeissue---offeringreasonsanddescribingtheactualstatus.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第四段‘inhighereducation,studentsrarelylearnedasmuchfromonlinecoursesastheydidintraditionalclasses.Infact,thereportfoundthatthebiggestbenefitofonlineinstruction,camefromalearningenvironmentthatcombinedtechnologywithtraditionalmethods,butwarnedthattheuptickhadmoretodowiththeincreasedamountofindividualizedinstructionstudentsgotinthatenvironment,notthepresenceoftechnology.Forallbutthebrightest,themoretimest