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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南財經(jīng)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Foryearsnow,thepeopleofthatfarawaycountryhavebeencruelly()byadictator.

問題1選項

A.depressed

B.immersed

C.oppressed

D.cursed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:多少年來,那個偏僻國度的人民一直遭受著一個獨裁者的壓迫。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項分別為對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式表被動,表示“被獨裁者…”。depress使沮喪,壓抑,使蕭條;immerse(in)沉浸,使專心于;oppress壓迫;curse詛咒。故C符合句意。

2.單選題

Stop______alloverJulianna;foronce,lethermakeherownbreakfastandprepareherowncupofmorningcoffee.

問題1選項

A.fawning

B.calculating

C.flattering

D.praising

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項fawn“討好”,B項calculate“計算,預(yù)測”,C項flatter“奉承,諂媚”,D項praise“贊揚,(尤指唱歌)歌頌(上帝)”。由后面的句子意思“讓她自己做早餐,自己準(zhǔn)備一杯早餐咖啡”結(jié)合選項內(nèi)容可推測,Stop______alloverJulianna表示“不要對朱莉安娜獻(xiàn)殷勤”,B、D選項排除;C選項一般后面直接跟人,即flattersb.;只有A項可以表示fawnon/oversb.(奉承、討好)。句意:不要對朱莉安娜獻(xiàn)殷勤,這一次,讓她自己做早餐,自己準(zhǔn)備一杯早餐咖啡。因此,該題選擇A項。

3.翻譯題

ChinaDreamistheguidingideologyputforwardbyPresidentXiJinping.HebelievesthatitisthegreatestdreamoftheChinesenationinmoderntimes,andstatesthatthedreamcandefinitelyberealizeD.ThecoreobjectiveofChinaDreamistoachievethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.Tobemorespecific,thatistorealizenationalprosperityandrejuvenation,aswellasthewell-beingofpeople.Anditsfundamentalrequirementistobuildawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Onlywhenthecountryisdevelopedcomprehensivelyandscientifically,canindividualsrealizetheirdreams.Similarly,onlywheneveryoneisfullofpassion,canChinaDreambebeautiful.

【答案】中國夢,是習(xí)近平主席提出的指導(dǎo)思想。他認(rèn)為,這是近代以來中華民族最偉大的夢想,這個夢想一定能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。中國夢的核心目標(biāo)是實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。具體來說,就是要實現(xiàn)國家富強(qiáng)、民族振興、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建設(shè)小康社會。只有國家全面科學(xué)發(fā)展,個人才能實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。同樣,只有每個人都充滿激情,中國夢才會美麗。

4.單選題

AlthoughtheArabcutbacksrepresentedalossoflessthan7percentinworldsupply,theycreatedpaniconthepartofoilcompanies,consumers,oiltraders,andsomegovernments.

問題1選項

A.fright

B.deficit

C.strain

D.misfortune

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。panic表示“恐慌,驚慌”;A項fright“驚嚇,驚駭”,B項deficit“赤字,不足額”,C項strain“張力,拉緊,負(fù)擔(dān)”,D項misfortune“不幸,災(zāi)禍,災(zāi)難”。句意:盡管阿拉伯的減產(chǎn)代表著全球供應(yīng)減少了不到7%,但卻引起了石油公司、消費者、石油交易商和一些政府的恐慌。因此,根據(jù)句意可知A選項正確。

5.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen(),dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.homogeneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:盡管大多數(shù)的夢明顯是()出現(xiàn)的,夢境活動也可能受到外界的影響。

spontaneously自然地,不由自主地;simultaneously同時地;homogeneously同樣地;instantaneously即刻,突如其來地。因此,A項spontaneously符合句意。

6.單選題

Shewalkedroundtothe(

)ofthecarandstoodsilentlywhileheundidthebootandpickedupherbag.

問題1選項

A.ream

B.ranch

C.rear

D.realm

【答案】C

【解析】考察形近詞辨析。ream“令(紙張的計數(shù)單位),大量”;ranch“大農(nóng)場,大牧場”;rear“后面,屁股,后方部隊”;realm“領(lǐng)域,范圍,王國”。句意:她圍繞著車后方走…。選項C符合句意。

7.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension().

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto().

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto().

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

問題1選項

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問題2選項

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

問題3選項

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

問題4選項

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

問題5選項

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知,如果你之前的工作有傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老金,那么退休之后你就得到一筆一定數(shù)目的養(yǎng)老金。故本題正確答案為D選項

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問:如果退休人員的養(yǎng)老金賬戶不足5000美元,他怎么做會比較明智。根據(jù)原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知,如果少于5000美元,或者公司提供一次性支付,那么就會關(guān)閉養(yǎng)老金賬戶,把錢取出來做20年額投資,以8%的利率計算就是23000美元。由此可知C選項“拿著養(yǎng)老金(投資)賺取利潤”最符合題意,故本題正確答案為C項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知,如果你有固定繳款計劃,而你提前退休了,那么問題就出現(xiàn)了。你開始把錢花在本可以賺取利息的投資項目上。后面舉例說明:如果你在55歲時退休,然后開始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金,那么到65歲時,你的養(yǎng)老金只有你一直工作到65歲時的一半左右。由此可知,A選項“賺得的利息變少”最符合題意,故本題正確答案為A項。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問:下列哪一項適合作為最后三段的小標(biāo)題?分析原文可知,文章最后三段主要講的是提前退休與養(yǎng)老金的關(guān)系,過早退休開始使用養(yǎng)老金,會比工作到正常退休年齡損失大。因此,B選項“提前退休,損失巨大”最適合作為最后三段的標(biāo)題,故本題正確答案為B項。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問:下列哪一項表述不正確?選項B表示“如果一個人了解退休養(yǎng)老汁劃的運行機(jī)制,那么提前退休是劃算的”明顯錯誤,由最后一段可知,提前退休會造成養(yǎng)老金減少,所以提前退休損失很大。其余選項與原文表述均相符,故本題正確答案為B選項。

8.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThehealthprofilesofmanyracialandethnicminoritiesreflectthesocialinequalityevidentintheUnitedStates.(46)ThepooreconomicandenvironmentalconditionsofgroupssuchasAfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andNativeAmericansaremanifestedinhighmorbidityandmortalityratesforthesegroups.Itistruethatsomeafflictions,suchassingle-cellanemiaamongBlacks,haveacleargenericbasis.Butinmostinstances,environmentalfactorscontributetothedifferentialratesofdiseaseanddeath.

Inmanyrespects,themortalityratesforAfricanAmericansaredistressing.ComparedwithWhites,Blackshavehigherdeathratesfromheartdisease,pneumonia,diabetes,andcancer.ThedeathratefromstrokeistwiceashighamongAfricanAmericans.(47)SuchepidemiologicalfindingsreflectinpartthefactthatahighproportionofBlacksarefoundamongthenation’slowerclass.AccordingtotheNationalCenterofHealthStatistics,Whitescanexpecttolive77.7years.Incontrast,lifeexpectancyforBlacksis72.3years(Arias2004).

Asnotedearlier,infantmortalityisregardedasaprimaryindicatorofhealthcare.ThereisasignificantgapintheUnitedStatesbetweentheinfantmortalityratesofAfricanAmericansandWhites.Generally,therateofinfantdeathismorethantwiceashighamongBlacks.AfricanAmericansaccountfor15percentofalllivebirthsinthenationbut29percentofinfantdeaths.PertoRicansandNativeAmericanshavemortalityratesthatarelowerthanAfricanAmericans’buthigherthanWhites’(MacDormanetal.2005).

Themedicalestablishmentisnotexemptfromracism.(48)Unfortunately,themediaoftenfocusonobviousformsofracism,suchashatecrimes,whileoverlookingmoreinsidiousformsinsocialinstitutionslikethemedicalestablishment.Onereviewofmorethan100studiesconductedoverthelastdecadeconcludedthatminoritiesreceiveinferiorcareevenwhentheyareinsured.(49)Despitehavingaccesstocare,Blacks,Latinos,andAmericanIndiansaretreatedunequallyasaresultofracialprejudiceanddifferencesintheequalityofvarioushealthcareplans.Furthermore,nationalclinicalstudieshaveshownthatevenallowingfordifferencesinincomeandinsurancecoverage,racialandethnicminoritiesarelesslikelythanothergroupstoreceivebothstandardhealthcareandlife-savingtreatmentforconditionssuchasHIVinfection(CaesarandWilliams2002;Smedleyetal.2002;Steyerbergetal.2005).

Drawingontheconflictperspective,sociologistHowardWaitzkin(1986)suggeststhatracialtensionsalsocontributetothemedicalproblemsofBlacks.Inhisview,thestressthatresultsfromracialprejudiceanddiscriminationhelpstoexplainthehigherratesofhypertensionfoundamongAfricanAmericans(andHispanics)comparedtoWhites.(50)Hypertension—twiceascommoninBlacksasinWhites—isbelievedtobeacriticalfactorinBlacks’highmortalityratesfromheartdisease,kidneydisease,andstroke(MorehouseMedicalTreatmentandEffectivenessCenter1999).

SomeMexicanAmericansandmanyotherLatinosadheretoculturalbeliefsthatmakethemlesslikelytousetheestablishedmedicalsystem.TheymayinterprettheirillnessaccordingtotraditionalLatinofolkmedicine,orcuranderismo—aformofholistichealthcareandhealing.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.非洲裔、西班牙裔和美洲土著等群體的經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境條件惡劣表現(xiàn)在這些群體有很高的發(fā)病率和死亡率。

47.這樣的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果在一定程度上反映了這樣一個事實,即在美國的底層人群中,黑人比例較高。

48.不幸的是,媒體往往關(guān)注的是明顯的種族主義形式,如仇恨犯罪,而忽視了社會機(jī)構(gòu)中存在的更隱蔽的形式,如醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。

49.盡管有醫(yī)療保障,黑人、拉丁裔和美洲印第安人在不同的醫(yī)療保險計劃的平等程度上受到種族歧視和差異的影響。

50.黑人的高血壓發(fā)病率是白人的兩倍,這被認(rèn)為是黑人患心臟病、腎病和中風(fēng)高死亡率的關(guān)鍵因素。

9.單選題

Thereisnotmuchtimeleft,soI’lltellyouaboutit______.

問題1選項

A.inparticular

B.inbrief

C.inshort

D.inall

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項inparticular“尤其,特別”,B項inbrief“簡言之,簡要地”,C項inshort“總之,簡言之”,D項inall“總計,合計”。根據(jù)前面部分句子意思“時間不多了”可知,A、D選項排除;C選項一般用于句首作為總結(jié)性論述的開始;B選項是指對具體事物的簡短說明。句意:剩下的時間不多了,所以我簡要地告訴你這件事。因此,該題選擇B項正確。

10.單選題

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously(

)nopointinstaying.

問題1選項

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我們離開了會議,因為留下來顯然沒有什么意義。

語法題??疾閠herebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事沒有用或沒有意義”,因此排除D。前半句已經(jīng)是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非謂語充當(dāng)原因狀語。因此C項being正確。

11.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,the

trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's(

)ratherthanthecompanys.

問題1選項

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始,大多數(shù)公司就傾向于經(jīng)營隨需應(yīng)變、隨時可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這樣為顧客提供了,而不是為公司提供便利。

Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。

12.單選題

TheSpaceAge()inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

問題1選項

A.initiated

B.embarked

C.originated

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】initiate啟動,開始,發(fā)起;embark上飛機(jī),上船;originated起源于,產(chǎn)生;commence開始,著手,獲得學(xué)位,既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。句意為,自第一顆人造衛(wèi)星由蘇聯(lián)于1957年10月發(fā)射升空起,太空時代開始了。因此,本題選D。

13.單選題

Heseemedreluctanttosendhistroopsinanefforttodiscouragethe()peasants.

問題1選項

A.animated

B.rebellious

C.creased

D.impassive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。animated“活生生的;活潑的”;rebellious“反抗的;造反的”;creased“有折痕的”;impassive“冷漠的;無感覺的”,根據(jù)troops“軍隊”一詞可知此處的peasant“農(nóng)民”是需要被鎮(zhèn)壓的,分析四個選項可知此處填rebellious這個形容詞符合句意。句意:他好像不愿意派他的軍隊去鎮(zhèn)壓……農(nóng)民。由此得知B選項正確。

14.單選題

Withhisface()byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace;conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”;screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護(hù)的效果”;bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

15.單選題

Asanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyofmodalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.

問題1選項

A.bravery

B.expertise

C.proficiency

D.sympathy

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.bravery勇敢B.expertise專門知識;專門技術(shù)

C.proficiency精通;熟練D.sympathy同情;慰問

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由本句句意可知作為一名護(hù)士,所應(yīng)該有的是同情心以及專業(yè)的知識,而從前半句中的“naturalhealer(天生的治療師)”可知天生所擁有的是同情心,所以D選項“同情,慰問”符合題意。劃線單詞compassion“同情”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項bravery勇敢,與護(hù)士治療病人無關(guān),不符合句意;

B選項expertise專門知識;專門技術(shù),因為說的是天生的治療師,因此應(yīng)該是天生所具有的品格,專門知識是后天所擁有的;

C選項proficiency精通;熟練,這也是后天才具備的,不符合句意。

【句意】作為一名護(hù)士,多蘿西是一個天生的治療師,她被賦予了同情心,有各種各樣的方式來幫助她的所有年齡的病人。

16.單選題

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural().

問題1選項

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inhabitant“居民”,heritage“遺產(chǎn);傳統(tǒng);繼承權(quán)”,inheritor“繼承人;后繼者”,hereditary“遺傳類”。句意:在他們的本科培訓(xùn)中,許多年輕的英語老師將討論這些假設(shè),這些假設(shè)是我們對文化傳統(tǒng)關(guān)心的基礎(chǔ)。選項B符合題意。

17.單選題

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown()identity.

問題1選項

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨立的”;separated“分開的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨立的身份。選項B更符合句意。

18.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct(

)whereveryougo.

問題1選項

A.tobeadvertised

B.advertised

C.advertise

D.advertising

【答案】B

【解析】語法(分詞作后置定語)題。分析題干可知,空格處填入的是定語來修飾thisproduct。而product和advertise是被動關(guān)系,所以用表被動的過去分詞作后置定語,B選項正確。

19.單選題

Asonlinecomputersystemsbecomemorepopular,televisionsandcomputersareincreasingly().Suchtechnologiescombinethecapabilitiesofcomputers,televisionetc.,andgreatlyexpandtheservicesthatcanbeprovided.

問題1選項

A.separated

B.segregated

C.integrated

D.intersected

【答案】C

【解析】separated分開,隔開;segregated隔離,分離;integrated結(jié)合;intersected分割。句意:隨著在線計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)變得越來越流行,電視和計算機(jī)日益融合。這些技術(shù)結(jié)合了計算機(jī)、電視等的功能,極大地擴(kuò)展了所能提供的服務(wù)。選項C符合句意。

20.翻譯題

Analystshaverepeatedlypredictedthatthe“internetofthings”,whichaddssensorsandinternetcapabilitytoeverydayphysicalobjects,couldtransformthelivesofindividualsasdramaticallyasthespreadofthemobileinternet.Providershavefocusedonthehome,toutingproductssuchascoffeepotsthatturnonwhenthealarmclockrings,lightingandblindsthatadjusttothetimeofday,andfridgesthatsendanalertwhenthemilkrunsout.Butsofarconsumershavebeenlargelyresistanttomakingtheirhomes“smart”.That’snotforwantoftryingbytechfirms,whichhavepouredcashintotheireffortstoconnecteverydayobjectstotheInternet.

【答案】

分析人士曾多次預(yù)測,將傳感器和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能添加到日常物理物體上的“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”,可能會像移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及一樣,極大地改變個人生活。供應(yīng)商主要關(guān)注家居領(lǐng)域,他們兜售各種家居產(chǎn)品。例如:當(dāng)鬧鐘響起時就會自動啟動的咖啡壺、可根據(jù)一天時間變化自動調(diào)節(jié)的智能燈具和百葉窗簾,以及當(dāng)牛奶喝光時就會自動發(fā)送提醒的冰箱等等。然而,迄今為止,顧客大力抵制此類家庭智能化。這并不是因為科技公司沒有全力以赴,為使家居產(chǎn)品具備聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能,科技公司投入了大量財力。

21.單選題

Throughoutthenation’smorethan15,000schooldistricts,widelydifferingapproachestoteachingscienceandmathhaveemerged.Thoughtherecanbestrengthindiversity,anewinternationalanalysissuggeststhatthisvariabilityhasinsteadcontributedtolacklusterachievementscoresbyU.S.childrenrelativetotheirpeersinotherdevelopedcountries.

Indeed,concludesWilliamH.SchmidtofMichiganStateUniversity,wholedthenewanalysis,“nosingleintellectuallycoherentvisiondominatesU.S.educationalpracticeinmathorscience.”Thereason,hesaid,“isbecausethesystemisdeeplyandfundamentallyflawed.”

Thenewanalysis,releasedthisweekbytheNationalScienceFoundationinArlington,Va,isbasedondatacollectedfromabout50nationsaspartoftheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy.

NotonlydoapproachestoteachingscienceandmathvaryamongindividualU.S.communities,thereportfinds,butthereappearstobelittlestrategicfocuswithinaschooldistrict’scurricula,itstextbooks,oritsteachers’activities.Thiscontrastssharplywiththecoordinatednationalprogramsofmostothercountries.

Onaverage,U.S.studentsstudymoretopicswithinscienceandmaththantheirinternationalcounterpartsdo.Thiscreatesaneducationalenvironmentthat“isamilewideandaninchdeep,”Schmidtnotes.

Forinstance,eighthgradersintheUnitedStatescoverabout33topicsinmathversusjust19inJapan.Amongsciencecourses,theinternationalgapisevenwider.U.S.curriculaforthisagelevelresemblethoseofasmallgroupofcountriesincludingAustralia,Thailand,Iceland,andBulgaria.SchmidtaskswhethertheUnitedStateswantstobeclassedwiththesenations,whoseeducationalsystems“shareourpatternofsplinteredvisions”butwhicharenoteconomicleaders.

Thenewreport“couldn’tcomeatabettertime,”saysGeraldWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssociationinArlington.“ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsprovidethatfocusedvision,”includingthecall“todoless,butingreaterdepth.”

Implementingthenewsciencestandardsandtheirmathcounterpartswillbethechallenge,heandSchmidtagree,becausethedecentralizedresponsibilityforeducationintheUnitedStatesrequiresthatanyreformsbetailoredandinstitutedonecommunityatatime.

Infact,Schmidtargues,reformssuchastheseproposednationalstandards“faceanalmostimpossibletask,becauseeventhoughtheyareintellectuallycoherent,eachbecomesonlyonemorevoiceinthebabble.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,theteachingofscienceandmathinAmericais____.

2.ThefundamentalflawofAmericanschooleducationisthat____.

3.BysayingthattheU.S.educationalenvironmentis“amilewideandaninchdeep”(Para.5),theauthormeansU.S.educationalpractice____.

4.ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsaregoodnewsinthattheywill____.

5.Puttingthenewscienceandmathstandardsintopracticewillprovedifficultbecause____.

問題1選項

A.focusedontappingstudents’potential

B.characterizedbyitsdiversity

C.losingitsvitalitygradually

D.goingdownhillinrecentyears

問題2選項

A.itlacksacoordinatednationalprogram

B.itsetsaverylowacademicstandardforstudents

C.itreliesheavilyontheinitiativeofindividualteachers

D.itattachestoomuchimportancetointensivestudyofschoolsubjects

問題3選項

A.laysstressonqualityattheexpenseofquantity

B.offersanenvironmentforcomprehensiveeducation

C.encourageslearningbothindepthandinscope

D.scratchesthesurfaceofawiderangeoftopics

問題4選項

A.providedepthtoschoolscienceeducation

B.solvemostoftheproblemsinschoolteaching

C.beabletomeetthedemandsofthecommunity

D.quicklydominateU.S.educationalpractice

問題5選項

A.thereisalwayscontroversyineducationalcirclesofthesestandards

B.notenougheducatorshaverealizedthenecessityfordoingso

C.schooldistrictsareresponsibleformakingtheirowndecisions

D.manyschoolteacherschallengetheacceptability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theteachingofscienceandmathinAmericais____.根據(jù)文章,美國的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)是____。

A.focusedontappingstudents’potentialA.側(cè)重于挖掘?qū)W生的潛力

B.characterizedbyitsdiversityB.具有多樣性的特點

C.losingitsvitalitygraduallyC.正逐漸失去其活力

D.goingdownhillinrecentyearsD.正在走下坡路

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段“盡管多樣性有其優(yōu)勢,但一項新的國際分析表明,這種多樣性反而導(dǎo)致了美國孩子相對于其他發(fā)達(dá)國家同齡人的成績平平?!闭f明美國的教學(xué)具有多樣性的特點。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“側(cè)重于挖掘?qū)W生的潛力”,文章沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“正逐漸失去其活力”,文章沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“正在走下坡路”,文章沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

ThefundamentalflawofAmericanschooleducationisthat____.美國學(xué)校教育的根本缺陷是____。

A.itlacksacoordinatednationalprogramA.它缺乏一個協(xié)調(diào)一致的國家計劃

B.itsetsaverylowacademicstandardforstudentsB.它為學(xué)生設(shè)定了非常低的學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

C.itreliesheavilyontheinitiativeofindividualteachersC.它在很大程度上依賴于個別教師的主動性

D.itattachestoomuchimportancetointensivestudyofschoolsubjectsD.它過于重視學(xué)校課程的強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)

【答案】A

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“因為這個體系存在深刻和根本的缺陷?!庇傻谒亩慰芍皥蟾姘l(fā)現(xiàn),不僅美國各個社區(qū)教授科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)的方法各不相同,而且學(xué)區(qū)的課程、教科書或教師的活動中似乎也沒有什么戰(zhàn)略重點。這與大多數(shù)其他國家協(xié)調(diào)一致的國家計劃形成鮮明對比?!狈治鋈?,因為美國與其他國家不同,沒有協(xié)調(diào)一致的國家計劃,導(dǎo)致美國教育存在缺陷。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“它為學(xué)生設(shè)定了非常低的學(xué)術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“它在很大程度上依賴于個別教師的主動性”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“它過于重視學(xué)校課程的強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)”,文中提到“學(xué)區(qū)的課程、教科書或教師的活動中似乎也沒有什么戰(zhàn)略重點。”可知美國的教育沒有重點,沒有重視強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí),該選項與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項釋義】

BysayingthattheU.S.educationalenvironmentis“amilewideandaninchdeep”(Para.5),theauthormeansU.S.educationalpractice____.作者說美國的教育環(huán)境是“一英里寬,一英寸深”(第5段),意思是美國的教育實踐____。

A.laysstressonqualityattheexpenseofquantityA.強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量而忽視數(shù)量

B.offersanenvironmentforcomprehensiveeducationB.提供全面教育的環(huán)境

C.encourageslearningbothindepthandinscopeC.鼓勵學(xué)習(xí)的深度和廣度

D.scratchesthesurfaceofawiderangeoftopicsD.涉及面很廣

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph5與題干信息可定位到第五段該句話的上文“平均而言,美國學(xué)生比其他國家的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)更多的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)科目?!币簿褪钦f美國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)很多科目,可以推斷美國教育涉及面很廣。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量而忽視數(shù)量”,通過分析全文可知,美國教育強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量忽視了質(zhì)量,該選項與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;

B選項“提供全面教育的環(huán)境”,文中沒有提到全面教育,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“鼓勵學(xué)習(xí)的深度和廣度”,該選項是美國呼吁教育改革的改革方向,而不是該句所要表達(dá)的意思,該選項屬于張冠李戴。

4.【選項釋義】

ThenewNationalScienceEducationStandardsaregoodnewsinthattheywill____.新的國家科學(xué)教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是好消息,因為它們將____。

A.providedepthtoschoolscienceeducationA.為學(xué)??茖W(xué)教育提供深度

B.solvemostoftheproblemsinschoolteachingB.解決學(xué)校教學(xué)中的大多數(shù)問題

C.beabletomeetthedemandsofthecommunityC.能夠滿足社會的需求

D.quicklydominateU.S.educationalpracticeD.很快主導(dǎo)美國的教育實踐

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段“包括‘做得更少,但要更深入’的呼吁”,由此可知教育改革會讓教育更深入,也就是提供深度。因此選A。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“解決學(xué)校教學(xué)中的大多數(shù)問題”,曲解原文,該選項屬于過度推斷;

C選項“能夠滿足社會的需求”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有

D選項“很快主導(dǎo)美國的教育實踐”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

5.【選項釋義】

Puttingthenewscienceandmathstandardsintopracticewillprovedifficultbecause____.將新的科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)付諸實踐將是困難的,因為____。

A.thereisalwayscontroversyineducationalcirclesA.在教育界一直有爭議

B.notenougheducatorshaverealizedthenecessityfordoingsoB.沒有足夠的教育者認(rèn)識到這樣做的必要性

C.schooldistrictsareresponsibleformakingtheirowndecisionsC.學(xué)區(qū)有責(zé)任自己做決定

D.manyschoolteacherschallengetheacceptabilityofthesestandardsD.許多學(xué)校教師質(zhì)疑這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的可接受性

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段“他和施密特都認(rèn)為,實施新的科學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將是一項挑戰(zhàn),因為在美國,教育的責(zé)任分散,要求任何改革都需要一次針對一個社區(qū)制定和實施?!庇纱丝芍?,教育改革要針對社區(qū)制定且教育責(zé)任分散,也就是說社區(qū)有責(zé)任自己做決定。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“在教育界一直有爭議”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“沒有足夠的教育者認(rèn)識到這樣做的必要性”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

D選項“許多學(xué)校教師質(zhì)疑這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的可接受性”,文中沒有提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

22.問答題

Inspirittheirworkwasclosertothehumorofthefast-developingcomicstripandgagcartoon

A

B

thantothestringofpoliticalsatire.Theirsubjectsweremoreoftenamusingthanoffendedby

C

D

amiableattacks.

【答案】試題答案:D;amused

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。amusing一般形容物;amused一般形容人。theirsubjects意為“他們的繪畫對象”,表示人。

23.單選題

Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.

MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.

Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.

Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.

Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.

WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,

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