考研考博-英語-徐州工程學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-徐州工程學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thevalueoftheindustrial（）droppedfromabout70billiondollarstoslightlymorethan31billion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outcome

B.outlook

C.output

D.outset

【答案】C

【解析】常用搭配。industrialoutput指"工業(yè)產(chǎn)量",為常用搭配。句意：工業(yè)產(chǎn)值從700億美元下降到310多億美元。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.單選題

Thepubliccanrest（

）

thatdetectivesaredoingeverythingpossibletofindthe

murderer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assured

B.approved

C.guaranteed

D.convinced

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。restassuredthat“(強(qiáng)調(diào)所言確鑿無誤)盡管放心”。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble（

）totheHistoryMuseum.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tofindhisway

B.findinghisway

C.tohavefoundhisway

D.havingfoundhisway

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：在這座城市待了一段時(shí)間后，他找歷史博物館完全沒有問題。這里根據(jù)固定搭配havetroubledoingsth可以把A，C排除。D選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去，但是從句意可知這里表示的是現(xiàn)在找博物館沒有問題，所以答案選B。

4.單選題

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientisthasdiscoveredthatthebeesentouttolookforfooddeliversherreportthroughacomplicateddancetotheotherworkersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyinrelationtothesun.Butthesundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstartouttogatherthetoed,thesunmayalreadyhavechangeditspositionintheskysomewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,thesunwillseemtomovefartherandfarthertowardthewest.Yettheworkerbeeseemtohavenotroubleatallinfindingthefoodsource.Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.

1.TheauthormentionsallthefollowingnaturalphenomenathathelpanimalsnavigateEXCEPT（）.

2.Whatmakesitnecessaryforabirdtorelyonamagneticcompasswhennavigating?

3.Accordingtothepassagewhatinformationdoesthedanceofthescoutbeecommunicatetotheotherworkerbees?

4.Whatenablesthebeestoflybythesuneventhoughthesun’spositionisnotfixed?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesun

B.thestars

C.magneticfields

D.winddirection

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofbadweather

B.Theconstantmotionofthesun.

C.Itspatternsofmigration.

D.Itsneedtoconstantlychangehomes.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thetimeoftheday.

B.Whattheweatherislike.

C.Howfarawaythefoodis.

D.Whichflowersthescouthasfound.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareequippedwithbiologicaltimeclocks.

B.Theyflyinformationbehindthescoutbee.

C.Theyhaveexcellenteyesight.

D.Theyhavelongmemories.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段前半部分的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，C均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)D沒有提及。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Itisofcourseveryuseful...thesuntocomeoutagain.”當(dāng)云層遮住太陽時(shí)，候鳥利用磁場(chǎng)辨別方向是非常有用的；否則它就只能著陸，等待太陽再次出來。也就是說，當(dāng)天氣不好的時(shí)候，鳥就必須依靠磁場(chǎng)來飛行了。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“thebeesentout...flyinrelationtothesun.”被派去尋找食物的蜜蜂通過復(fù)雜的舞蹈向其他工蜂傳遞信息，不僅告訴它們食物有多遠(yuǎn)，還告訴它們食物和太陽的相對(duì)位置。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.”它們的生物鐘告訴它們太陽將在哪里，它們也相應(yīng)地改變了方向。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

5.單選題

Asthedirectorcan'tcometothereception,I'mrepresentingthecompany______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onhisaccount

B.onhisbehalf

C.forhispart

D.inhisinterest

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。onone’saccount“為了某人”；onone’sbehalf“代表”；forone’spart“對(duì)某人來說”；inone’sinterest無此短語用法。句意：因?yàn)橹鞴懿荒艹鱿写龝?huì)，我代表他參加。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。notmorethan不超過，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，僅僅，同樣不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，僅僅。句意：吃過多超出身體需要的營養(yǎng)品并不會(huì)使身體更好，就如同給油箱加過多的油來使其快速前進(jìn)一樣。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Somepeopleseemto（）onthepressureofworkingunderadeadline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.render

B.evolve

C.prevail

D.thrive

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。render報(bào)答；歸還；給予；evolve演變，進(jìn)化；prevail盛行，流行；thrive興旺，繁榮，茁壯成長。句意:有些人似乎在最后期限工作的壓力下。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Themailmanshouldbehere（）;infact,lieshouldbehereinaboutfiveminutes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retrospectively

B.previously

C.currently

D.presently

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個(gè)郵差應(yīng)該一會(huì)兒就到這里了；事實(shí)上，他應(yīng)該是在5分鐘后到這里。

考查副詞辨析。retrospectively回顧地；previously以前，預(yù)先，倉促地；currently當(dāng)前，現(xiàn)在；presently回前，一會(huì)兒，不久。根據(jù)后半句句意可知D符合句意。

9.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

10.單選題

Usingmanysymbolsmake（）toputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.possible

B.itpossible

C.itispossible

D.thatpossible

【答案】B

【解析】語法知識(shí)。it做形式賓語，后面用動(dòng)詞不定式todo接真正的賓語。句意：用大量的符號(hào)把大量的信息放在一張圖上成為可能。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Onefactwasclearlydemonstratedbytheearlysleepresearchers:onepartofthenightisnotjustlikeanother.Asscientistsbegantocomparetherecordsofvolunteers,theyobservedthathumansleepfollowsarhythmicschedule;theynotedthatnotonlywasthisschedulemuchthesameinhealthypersonofthesameagewithsimilarhabitsbut,fromnighttonight,eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostasconsistentasasignature.

Sleepandwakefulness,onceconsideredtobethelightanddarkofconsciousness,nolongerseemtodiffersosharply.Tosleepdoesnotmeantodrowninanoceanofdarkness.Actually,sleepisnotaunitarystate;itinvolvesmanyshadesordegreesofdetachmentfromthesurroundingworld.Sleepismadeupofseparatestagesoflightanddeeperslumber.Typically,onlyduringthefirsthoursofsleepdoesapersonreachthestageofthedeepestslumber,therestofthemisspentdriftingbetweentheotherlighterstagesinspecificpatterns,allnightlongapersondriftsdownandupthroughdifferentlevelsofconsciousness,asifonwaves.Whilesleepmayfeellikeablanketofdarknesspunctuatedbydreams—atimewhenthemindisasleep—nothingcouldbelesstrue.Withlaboratorymethods,researcheshavebeenabletochartthetypicalstagesofthejourneyintosleep.

Thejourneystartswhilethesubjectisstillawakebutbeginningtorelax;hisbrainwaves,whichhavebeenlow,rapid,andirregular,begintoshowanewpattern;thisnewpattern,whichisknownasalpharhythm,isanevenelectricalpulsationofabout9to12cyclespersecond.Mostpeopledonotknowwhatthealphastatefeelslike,butduringthelastfewyearsresearchershavebeenabletoteachsubjectshowtorecognizeandlearntosustaintheiralpharhythm.

WhentheirEEGshowsanalpharhythm,thesubjectsarenotified,eitherbyasoundorbytheappearanceofacoloronascreen.Becausethealphastatetendstoberelaxed,theabilitytosustainitcanhelptensepeopleeasetheirpassageintosleep.Amomentoftension,aloudnoise,anattempttosolveaproblem,however,andthealpharhythmmayvanish.

Asthesubjectpassesthroughthegatesoftheunconscious,hisalphawavesgrowsmaller,andhiseyesrollveryslowly.Foramoment,hemaywakeupduringthisearlypartofthedescent,alertedbysuddenspasmthatcauseshisbodytojerk.Likethebrainwaves,thisspasmisasignofneuralchangeswithin.Knownasthemyoclonicjerk,itiscausebyabriefburstofactivityinthebrain.Themyoclonicjerkisnormalinallhumansleep,itisgoneinafractionofasecond,afterwhichthedescentcontinues,thesubjecthasnotfeltthispeculiartransformation,butnowheissaidtobetrulyasleep.

1.Thesentence“eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostconsistentasasignature”means（）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthordescribesthat（）.

3.Theword“unitary”inthesecondparagraphmeans（）.

4.Whencanwesaythatapersonisasleep?

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthe“alpharhythm”is（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eachindividualhadquitedifferentEEGrecordliketheirpersonalizedsignature

B.eachindividualhadalmostthesameEEGrecordashissignature

C.theEEGrecordofeachindividualmaybecontradictorytooneanother

D.theEEGrecordofeachindividualmaybechangedfromoneanother

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sleepandwakefulnessaredifferentbecauseofcompletelydifferentlevelsofconsciousness

B.sleepisaquietstate

C.sleepmakesonedrowninanoceanofdarkness

D.sleepinvolvesdifferentlevelsofconsciousness

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.complex

B.unique

C.single

D.simple

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whentherearenodreams.

B.Beforehewakes.

C.Afterthemyoclonicisfinished.

D.Afterthealpharhythmdescents.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sustainable

B.rapid

C.irregular

D.myoclonic

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“fromnighttonight,eachindividualhadanEEGrecordalmostasconsistentasasignature每個(gè)人每晚的腦電圖記錄幾乎和簽名一樣一致”知B項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都有完全不同的腦電圖記錄，就像他們的個(gè)性化簽名一樣”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人的腦電圖記錄幾乎如其簽名樣一致”；C項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人的腦電圖記錄可能相互矛盾”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人的腦電圖記錄可能相互改變”，與原文不符，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段內(nèi)容可知D項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“睡眠和清醒是不同的，因?yàn)橐庾R(shí)的層次完全不同”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“睡眠是一種安靜的狀態(tài)”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“睡眠使人淹沒在黑暗的海洋中”，與原文不符；D項(xiàng)“睡眠涉及不同層次的意識(shí)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:詞匯題。由題干定位到文章第二段中“Sleepismadeupofseparatestagesoflightanddeeperslumber.睡眠由不同的淺的和更深的睡眠構(gòu)成”，可推知unitary有“單一的”的意思。A項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的”；B項(xiàng)“獨(dú)特的”；C項(xiàng)“單一的”；D項(xiàng)“簡單的”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Themyoclonicjerkisnormalinallhumansleep,itisgoneinafractionofasecond,afterwhichthedescentcontinues,thesubjecthasnotfeltthispeculiartransformation,butnowheissaidtobetrulyasleep.肌陣攣痙攣在所有人的睡眠中都是正常的，在瞬間就消失了，之后繼續(xù)下降，實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象并沒有感覺到這種奇特的變化，但據(jù)說現(xiàn)在他真的睡著了。”可知C項(xiàng)與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)沒有做夢(mèng)時(shí)”，與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“在他覺醒前”，與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“在肌陣攣反應(yīng)結(jié)束后”；D項(xiàng)“在阿爾法節(jié)奏下降之后”，與原文不符，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第三段中“...isanevenelectricalpulsationofabout9to12cyclespersecond.……是一種每秒大約循環(huán)9至12次的電流脈動(dòng)”，可知它的速度較快，B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“可持續(xù)的”；B項(xiàng)“迅速的”；C項(xiàng)“不規(guī)則的”；D項(xiàng)“肌陣攣的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Inmedicalterminology,thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder.Asaphysician,youdonotengageapatientintheneurologicalexaminationuntilyou’vegatheredthedetailsofhisorherdebilitatingheadaches.

Butatonetimeinourmedicalcareers,weareinstructedtoperformthemostthoroughphysicalexaminationpossiblewithoutlearningsomuchasthepatient’sname.Allwearegivenisananatomytablenumber,anage,andacauseofdeath.Weworkourwaythroughtheanatomylab—inspecting,searching,andfeelingeverymuscle,bone,andorgan-andwewriteourpatients’historiesourselves.

Tobetterunderstandthelifeofthewomanwhohaddonatedherbodyformyeducation,IcreatedtheObituary(訃告)WritingProgramatGeorgetownUniversityduringmyfirstyearofmedicalschool.Iworkedwithanobituarywriter,EmilyLanger,todevelopaworkshoptohelpinterestedmedicalstudentsreflectonthelivesthattheircorpsesmayhavelived.Sheinstructedusontheartofweavingdisconnectedmemoriesintoasinglestory.Aseriesofcreativewritingpromptsresultedinonestudent’sstoryofadramaticfootballinjuryoccurringinthemiddleofacompetitivematch.Thismomentinhiscorpse’slifewasimaginedfromapinkprosthetic(假體的)hipbeneathmassivelayersofmuscle.

Thefirstconversationwithmydonor’ssonlastedoveranhourdespitemyinitialfearthatIwouldaskthewrongquestionsorofferthewrongwordsofsympathy.Hismotherwasasmall-townfarmgirlfromWisconsin.Dr.CarolKennedy,GeorgetownUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Classof1972.ShewasadevoutCatholicwhoconsideredbeingaphysicianaprivilegeandanopportunitytoserveothers.ShewantedtocontinuetoserveevenafterherdeathbydonatingherbodytoGeorgetownUniversityinordertoeducatefuturemedicalstudentslikeme.

Wehavefinallyputthehistoryinitsrightfulplacebeforethephysical—studentsnowinterviewthefamiliesoftheirdonorsbeforemakingthefirstcutintheanatomylab.Ourcorpsesareourfirstcounterpartsintheprivilegedpatient-physicianrelationship,andnowweareabletobeginthatpartnershipjustaswehopetodothroughouttherestofourmedicalcareers.

1.Thestatementthat“thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder”canbebestinterpretedas（

）.

2.WhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?

3.WhatcanbesaidoftheObituaryWritingProgramcreatedbytheauthoratGeorgetownUniversity?

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyfromhistalkwithherson?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexamination

B.historytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexamination

C.historytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexamination

D.historytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexamination

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.

B.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.

C.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.

D.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.

B.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.

C.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.

D.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Shewasbornonafarminthe1970s.

B.ShegrewupinGeorgetownasadevoutCatholic.

C.Shewasagraduateoftheauthor’smedicalschool.

D.Shedonatedherbodyasrequiredbyherreligiousbelief.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HistoryTakingintheAnatomyLab

B.WritingskillsformedicalStudents

C.Dr.CarolKennedy:aDevotedGeorgetownGraduate

D.Patient-physicianRelationship:aHistoricalReview

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thestatementthat“thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder”canbebestinterpretedas（）.“history（病史）和physical（物理）這兩個(gè)詞幾乎總是按這個(gè)順序出現(xiàn)”這句話，可以用____來解釋。

A.historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexaminationA.病史采集通常優(yōu)先于體格檢查

B.historytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexaminationB.了解病史通常在體檢前講授

C.historytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexaminationC.了解病史通常被體格檢查所掩蓋

D.historytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexaminationD.病史采集通常在體檢前進(jìn)行

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第一段第二句話“作為一名醫(yī)生，在你收集到病人頭痛癥狀的詳細(xì)信息之前，你是不會(huì)讓他或她做神經(jīng)學(xué)病理檢查的”。由此句可知在給病人做體檢之前要先了解病人的病史，所以D選項(xiàng)“病史采集通常在體檢前進(jìn)行”符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“病史采集通常優(yōu)先于體格檢查”，“precede”表示優(yōu)于，先于的意思，在文中并未將兩個(gè)進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“了解病史通常在體檢前講授”，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“了解病史通常被體格檢查所掩蓋”，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?第二段描述的解剖學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的教學(xué)方法是什么?

A.Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.A.確定病人死亡的真正原因。

B.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.B.通過考慮病人的病史來學(xué)習(xí)解剖學(xué)。

C.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.C.培訓(xùn)學(xué)生如何進(jìn)行臨床體檢。

D.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.D.根據(jù)體檢記錄撰寫病史。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph2與題干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句“但在我們的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯中，曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，我們所受的指導(dǎo)是對(duì)尸體進(jìn)行盡可能徹底的體檢，卻連病人的名字都不知道。”以及本段最后一句話“我們通過解剖實(shí)驗(yàn)室的檢查，尋找、感覺每一塊肌肉、每一塊骨頭和每一個(gè)器官——然后我們自己書寫病人的病史”。由這兩句可知在解剖實(shí)驗(yàn)室大家是在用尸體進(jìn)行檢查練習(xí)，以“檢查尸體的每一部分記錄病史”為主，可知正確答案選D選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)體檢記錄撰寫病史”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“確定病人死亡的真正原因?！?，該選項(xiàng)是目的并不是方法，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“通過考慮病人的病史來學(xué)習(xí)解剖學(xué)?！保闹袥]有提及屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“培訓(xùn)學(xué)生如何進(jìn)行臨床體檢?！保闹袥]有提及屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatcanbesaidoftheObituaryWritingProgramcreatedbytheauthoratGeorgetownUniversity?對(duì)于作者在喬治城大學(xué)創(chuàng)立的訃告寫作項(xiàng)目，我們能說些什么呢？

A.Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.A.它幫助學(xué)生提高他們的寫作技能。

B.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.B.它的目的是喚起學(xué)生對(duì)解剖學(xué)的興趣。

C.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.C.這是對(duì)遺體捐贈(zèng)者表達(dá)敬意的人道方式。

D.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.D.目的是訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的體檢技能。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位至原文第三段第一句“為了更好地了解為我的教育捐獻(xiàn)身體的女人的生活”以及第三段第二句“我與訃告作者艾米朋?蘭格合作，開辦了一個(gè)工作室，幫助感興趣的醫(yī)科學(xué)生了解他們所解剖的尸體可能經(jīng)歷過的生活”，可知?jiǎng)?chuàng)建這個(gè)寫作計(jì)劃是為了能夠在了解尸體，以及尊重的情況下再進(jìn)行解剖，而不是像上文描述的“不知道病人姓名”就直接解剖，所以C選項(xiàng)“這是對(duì)遺體捐贈(zèng)者表達(dá)敬意的人道方式”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它幫助學(xué)生提高他們的寫作技能?！?，是對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的片面的理解，屬于過度推斷；

B選項(xiàng)“它的目的是喚起學(xué)生對(duì)解剖學(xué)的興趣?！?，也是對(duì)計(jì)劃的片面理解，屬于過度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“它的目的是訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的體檢技能?！保瑢儆跓o中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyfromhistalkwithherson?從作者從卡羅爾?肯尼迪醫(yī)生和她兒子的談話中獲得的信息可以推斷出什么？

A.Shewasbornonafarminthe1970s.A.20世紀(jì)70年代她出生在一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

B.ShegrewupinGeorgetownasadevoutCatholic.B.她在喬治城長大，是一名虔誠的天主教徒。

C.Shewasagraduateoftheauthor’smedicalschool.C.她畢業(yè)于作者的醫(yī)學(xué)院。

D.Shedonatedherbodyasrequiredbyherreligiousbelief.D.她按照宗教信仰的要求捐獻(xiàn)了自己的遺體。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息定位至原文第四段第二句、第三句和第四句“他的母親是威斯康辛州一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的農(nóng)場(chǎng)女孩?？_爾?肯尼迪博士，是喬治城大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院1972屆畢業(yè)生。她是一位虔誠的天主教徒，她認(rèn)為成為一名醫(yī)生是一種特權(quán)，也是為他人服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。她想通過將自己的遺體捐贈(zèng)給喬治城大學(xué)來繼續(xù)為他人服務(wù)，以教育像我這樣的未來醫(yī)學(xué)生?！保傻谌浜偷谒木淇芍狣選項(xiàng)“她按照宗教信仰的要求捐獻(xiàn)了自己的遺體”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)70年代她出生在一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！保闹姓f的是她是1972年的畢業(yè)生，并未說她是什么時(shí)候出生的。該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。

B選項(xiàng)“她在喬治城長大，是一名虔誠的天主教徒?！保闹姓f她是“威斯康辛州一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的農(nóng)場(chǎng)女孩”，所以應(yīng)該是在“威斯康辛州”長大的，喬治城是她上的大學(xué)的名稱。該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“她畢業(yè)于作者的醫(yī)學(xué)院?！?，原文中提到“在喬治城大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的第一年，我創(chuàng)建了訃告寫作項(xiàng)目。”，由此句可知作者是在喬治城大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院工作所創(chuàng)立的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，并未說作者也是這個(gè)學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生。該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是文章的最佳標(biāo)題？

A.HistoryTakingintheAnatomyLabA.在解剖實(shí)驗(yàn)室里了解病史

B.WritingskillsformedicalStudentsB.醫(yī)學(xué)生的寫作技巧

C.Dr.CarolKennedy:aDevotedGeorgetownGraduateC.卡羅爾?肯尼迪博士：喬治城大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生

D.Patient-physicianRelationship:aHistoricalReviewD.醫(yī)患關(guān)系：歷史回顧

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】本文開篇提到了解病史和給病人或者尸體做體檢之間的關(guān)系，接著通過作者自己創(chuàng)建的訃告寫作計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目，以及自己經(jīng)歷的具體的實(shí)例，幫助感興趣的醫(yī)科學(xué)生反思他們面對(duì)的尸體可能經(jīng)歷過的生活，說明了解剖實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的體檢需要先從了解尸體的病史開始。所以A選項(xiàng)“在解剖實(shí)驗(yàn)室里了解病史”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)生的寫作技巧”，只在文章段落中片面地提到，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“卡羅爾?肯尼迪博士：喬治城大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生”，只在文中片面地提到，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)患關(guān)系：歷史回顧”，在文中大部分講述的是捐獻(xiàn)者的尸體和醫(yī)生的關(guān)系，并不是講傳統(tǒng)意義上的醫(yī)患關(guān)系。屬于無中生有。

13.翻譯題

一天中我最喜歡的是最后那段時(shí)刻——至少是醒著的最后那段時(shí)刻。我再三努力不讓眨動(dòng)的眼皮合上，不讓書本掉落在胸前，這時(shí)候我知道真的該入睡了。我深情地把書放在身邊的床上。我們一起入睡——我和我的書，我和書中的人物，我和交雜的夢(mèng)境，都一起入睡。

躺在床上看書似乎成了家傳。上一次母親幫我照看孩子時(shí)，我回到家里發(fā)現(xiàn)整幢房子一片漆黑，只有兩處微弱的燈光。一處在我兒子的房間，我看到八歲的兒子拿著一本書，打著電筒躲在被窩里看書。房子的那頭，母親拿著書已經(jīng)打起盹來。

【答案】Oneofmyfavoritemomentsofthedayisamongthelast—thelastconsciousone,anyway.Afterseveralattemptsatkeepingmyeyelidsfromflutteringclosedandthebookfromcollapsingontomychest,Iknowitreallyistimetogotosleep.Iaffectionatelyplacethebookonthebedbesideme.Wesleeptogether,meandmybook,meandthosecharacters,meandmymixed-updreams.Readinginbedseemstoruninfamilies.Thelasttimemymotherbabysatforme,gothometofindthehousedarkexceptfortwosmalllights.Onecamefrommyson’sroom,whereIdiscoveredtheeight-year-oldholedupunderthecoverswithGoosebumpsandaflashlight.Attheotherendofthehouse,mymotherhadalreadydozedoffwithherbook.

14.單選題

Itisnosecretamongathletesthatinordertoimproveperformanceyou’vegottoworkhard.However,hardtrainingbreaksyoudownandmakesyouweaker.Itisrestthatmakesyoustronger.Improvementonlyoccursduringtherestperiodfollowinghardtraining.Thisadaptationisaccomplishedbyimprovingefficiencyoftheheartandcertainsystemswithinthemusclecells.Duringrecoveryperiodsthesesystemsbuildtogreaterlevelstocompensateforthestressthatyouhaveapplied.Theresultisthatyouarenowatahigherlevelofperformance.

Ifsufficientrestisnotincludedinatrainingprogram,imbalancebetweenexcesstrainingandinadequaterestwilloccur,andperformancewilldecline.The“overtrainingsyndrome（綜合癥）’’isthenamegiventothecollectionofemotional,behavioral,andphysicalsymptomsduetoovertrainingthathaspersistedforweekstomonths.Itismarkedbycumulativeexhaustionthatpersistsevenafterrecoveryperiods.

Themostcommonsymptomisfatigue.Thismaylimitworkoutsandmaybepresentatrest.Theathletemayalsobecomemoody,easilyimitated,havealteredsleeppatterns,becomedepressed,orlosethecompetitivedesireandenthusiasmforthesport.Somewillreportdecreasedappetiteandweightloss.Physicalsymptomsincludepersistentmuscularsoreness,increasedfrequencyofviral（病毒性的）illnesses,andincreasedincidenceofinjuries.

Thetreatmentfortheovertrainingsyndromeisrest.Thelongertheovertraininghasoccurred,themorerestrequired.Therefore,earlydetectionisveryimportant,Iftheovertraininghasonlyoccurredforashortperiodoftime（e.g.3-4weeks）theninterruptingtrainingfor3-5daysisusuallysufficientrest.Itisimportantthatthefactorsthatleadtoovertrainingbeidentifiedandcorrected.Otherwise,theovertrainingsyndromeislikelytorecur.Theovertrainingsyndromeshouldbeconsideredinanyathletewhomanifestssymptomsofprolongedfatigueandwhoseperformancehasleveledoffordecreased.Itisimportanttoexcludeanyunderlyingillnessthatmayberesponsibleforthefatigue.

1.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagetellsusthat（

）.

2.By“overtraining”theauthormeans

（

）.

3.Whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutthe“overtraining”syndrome?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“l(fā)eveloff’(Line7,Para,4)mostprobablymean?

5.Theauthoradvisesattheendofthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theharderanathletetrains,thebetterhisperformancewillbe

B.restaftervigoroustrainingimprovesandathlete’sperformance

C.strictsystematictrainingisessentialtoanathlete'stopperformance

D.improvementofanathlete'sperformanceoccursinthecourseoftraining

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aseriesofphysicalsymptomsthatoccuraftertraining

B.undueemphasisontheimportanceofphysicalexertion

C.trainingthatisnotadequatelycompensatedforbyrest

D.trainingthathasexceededanathlete’semotionallimits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenathletesloseinterestinsports.

B.Itappearsrightafterahardtrainingsession.

C.Thefatigueitresultsinisunavoidableintheathlete’strainingprocess.

D.Itmanifestsitselfinfatiguewhichlingersevenafterarecoveryperiod.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Slowdown.

B.Becomedull.

C.Stopimproving.

D.Beonthedecline.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbetreatedasaseriousillness

B.overtrainingsyndromeshouldbepreventedbeforeitoccurs

C.anathletewithovertrainingsyndromeshouldtakealengthyrest

D.illnesscausingf