考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州東華職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州東華職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Wagneronce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofmusicthatwaspopularwiththeyoungpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merged

B.constituted

C.partitioned

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:瓦格納曾與另一位音樂(lè)家合作創(chuàng)作了一首深受年輕人歡迎的音樂(lè)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。merge合并，吞沒(méi);constitute組成，建立；partition分割，分隔，區(qū)分；collaborate合作，勾結(jié)，通敵。

2.單選題

Theparty,（）Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bywhich

B.forwhich

C.towhich

D.atwhich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我以貴賓身份參加這個(gè)聚會(huì),聚會(huì)極其令人愉快。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句?？崭袼诰錇閣hich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞party(聚會(huì))。與party搭配的介詞通常為at或in。因此選D。

3.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（）thought,timeandeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.considerable

C.great

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)significant“重大的，有意義的”；B選項(xiàng)considerable“相當(dāng)大的，可觀的”；C選項(xiàng)great“偉大的，極好的”；D選項(xiàng)numerous“很多的”。句意：寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程，需要大量的思考、時(shí)間和努力。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Herbest-knownpaintingsarethoseinwhichshemagnifiedflowersoranimalskullstofillthepicture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissected

B.duplicated

C.glorified

D.enlarged

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dissected解剖B.duplicated復(fù)制

C.glorified贊美D.enlarged放大

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞的賓語(yǔ)為“花朵或動(dòng)物頭骨”，并且這么做的目的是“填充畫(huà)面”；另外，原詞magnified“放大”。因此，D選項(xiàng)enlarged“放大”與原詞詞義最接近，最符合原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】她最著名的作品是那些她放大花朵或動(dòng)物頭骨來(lái)填充畫(huà)面的作品。

5.單選題

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞前的形容詞順序問(wèn)題。很多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞，其先后順序?yàn)閿?shù)量、大小、新舊、顏色、產(chǎn)地、材料、名詞性形容詞；指示性形容詞all,many,some及any均應(yīng)放在一般修飾性形容詞前面；句意：所有早期的燈都是由一根浮在油碗里的燈芯制成的，燈芯的作用原理是毛細(xì)管作用。因此只有C項(xiàng)語(yǔ)序正確。

6.單選題

Allanimals,especiallythesmallkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswornoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming―anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobiastogeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans(see“AreYouTooAnxious?”).

Inrecentyears,however,researchershavemadesignificantprogressinnailingdowntheunderlyingscienceofanxiety.Injustthepastdecade,theyhavecometoappreciatethatwhateverthefactorsthattriggeranxiety,itgrowsoutofaresponsethatishardwiredinourbrains.Theyhavelearned,amongotherthings:

—Thereisageneticcomponenttoanxiety;somepeopleseemtobebornworriers.

—Brainscanscanrevealdifferencesinthewaypatientswhosufferfromanxietydisordersrespondtodangersignals.

—Duetoashortcutinourbrain’sinformation-processingsystem,wecanrespondtothreatsbeforewebecomeawareofthem.

—Therootofananxietydisordermaynotbethethreatthattriggersitbutabreakdowninthemechanismthatkeepstheanxietyresponsefromcareeringoutofcontrol.

Beforewedelveintothelatestresearch,let’sdefineafewterms.Thoughweallhaveourownintuitivesenseofwhatthewordsstressandfearmean,scientistsusethesewordsinveryspecificways.Forthem,stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear,butit’safeelingthatlingerslongafterthestresshasliftedandthethreathaspassed.

Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.Evenmostpeopleareascluelessaboutwhytheyhavecertainfeelingsastheyareabouthowtheirlungswork.Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat’seasytorecognize.Ratsfreezeinplace.Humansbreakoutinacoldsweat.Heartbeatsrace,andbloodpressurerises.Thatgivesscientistssomethingtheycancontrolandmeasure.

Indeed,alotofwhatresearchershavelearnedaboutthebiologyofanxietycomesfromscaringratsandthencuttingthemopen.Theresearchersdestroysmallportionsoftherats’brainstoseewhateffectthathasontheirreactions(anexperimentthatwouldbeimpossibletoconductinhumans).Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat’sbrain.

Thejourneybeginswhenarat(we’llgettohumanslater)feelsthestress,inthiscaseanelectricshock.Therat’ssensesimmediatelysendamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain,wherethestimulusactivatestwoneuralpathways.Oneofthesepathwaysisarelativelylong,circuitousroute(迂回路徑)throughthecortex(腦皮層)wherethebraindoesitsmostelaborateandaccurateprocessingofinformation.Theotherrouteisakindofemergencyshortcutthatquicklyreachesanalmond-shapedclusterofcellscalledtheamygdala(扁桃體).

What’sspecialabouttheamygdalaisthatitcanquicklyactivatejustabouteverysysteminthebodytofightlikethedevilorrunlikecrazy.It’snotdesignedtobeaccurate,justfast.Ifyouhaveevergonehikingandbeenstartledbyasnakethatturnedouttobeastick,youcanthankyouramygdala.

Butwhiletheamygdalaisbusytellingthebodywhattodo,italsofiresupanearbycurvedclusterofneuronscalledthehippocampus(大腦側(cè)面室腦壁上的隆起物).(A16thcenturyanatomistnameditaftertheGreekwordforseahorse.)Thejobofthehippocampusistohelpthebrainlearnandformnewmemories.Andnotjustanymemories.Thehippocampusallowsarattorememberwhereitwaswhenitgotshockedandwhatwasgoingonarounditatthetime.Suchcontextuallearninghelpsthepoorrodentavoiddangerousplacesinthefuture.Itprobablyalsohelpsitrecognizewhatsituationsarelikelytoberelativelysafe.Thismakessense,intermsofsurvival.Afterall,it’sbettertopanicunnecessarilythantobetoorelaxedinthefaceoflife-threateningdanger.

Discoveringthisbasicneuralcircuitryturnedouttobeakeybreakthroughinunderstandinganxiety.Itshowedthattheanxietyresponseisn’tnecessarilycausedbyanexternalthreat;rather,itmaybetracedtoabreakdowninthemechanismthatsignalsthebraintostopresponding.Justasacarcangooutofcontrolduetoeitherastuckacceleratororfailedbrakes,it’snotalwaysclearwhichpartofthebrainisatfault.Itmayturnoutthatsomeanxietydisordersarecausedbyanoveractiveamygdala(theaccelerator)whileothersarecausedbyanunderactiveprefrontalcortex(callitthebrake).

Ofcourse,whatyouwouldreallyliketoknowiswhetheranyoftheworkdoneinratsappliestohumans.Clearlyresearcherscan’tgoaroundperformingbrainsurgeryontheamygdalasoflivingpatientstoseeifitaffectstheiranxietylevels.Butthefascinatingcaseofawomanknownonlybyherresearchnumber,SM046,suggeststhatwhenitcomestofear,rodentsandhominidsreallyaren’tsodifferent.

Owingtoanunusualbraindisorder,SM046hasadefectiveamygdala.Asaresult,herbehaviorisabnormalinaveryparticularway.WhenscientistsattheUniversityofIowashowSM046picturesofaseriesoffaces,shehasnotroublepickingoutthosethatarehappy,sadorangry.Butifthefaceisdisplayingfear,shecannotrecognizethefeeling.Sheidentifiesitasafaceexpressing,someintenseemotion,butthatisall.HerunusualconditionstronglysuggeststhateveninHomosapiens,feartakesholdintheamygdala.

Eventually,researcherswouldliketolearnwhatroleourgenes,asopposedtoourenvironment,playinthedevelopmentofanxiety.“Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatthesedisordersruninfamilies.”saysKennethKendler,apsychiatricgeneticistatVirginiaCommonwealthUniversityinRichmond,Va.“Sothenextlogicalquestionisthenature-nurtureissue.”Inotherwords,areanxiouspeoplebornthatway,ordotheybecomeanxiousasaresultoftheirlifeexperiences?

Kendlerandhiscolleaguesapproachedthequestionbystudyinggroupsofidenticaltwins,whosharevirtuallyalltheirgenes,andfraternaltwins,who,likeanyothersiblings,shareonlysomeofthem.WhatKendler’sgroupfoundwasthatbothidenticaltwinsweresomewhatmorelikelythanbothfraternaltwinstosufferfromgeneralizedanxietydisorder,phobiasorpanicattacks.(Theresearchershavenotyetstudiedtwinswithpost-traumaticstressdisorderorobsessive-compulsivedisorder.)

Thecorrelationisn’t100%,however.“Mostoftheheritabilityisintherangeof30%to40%,”Kendlersays.That’safairlymoderategeneticimpact,henotes,“Yourgenessetyourgeneralvulnerability,”heconcludes.“Youcanbealow-vulnerable,intermediate-vulnerableorahigh-vulnerableperson.”Butyourupbringingandyourexperiencesstillhaveamajorroletoplay.Someonewithalowgeneticvulnerability,forexample,couldeasilydevelopafearofflyingaftersurvivingahorrificplanecrash.

Therearenoguidebookstotellyouwhenit’ssafetoventureoutagain.Inmanyways,thewholecountrywasmadepartofanunwittingexperimentinmassanxiety.Ourbrainsareevennowintheprocessofrewiringthemselves.Howsuccessfullywenavigatethisdelicatetransitionwilldependalotonourgenes,ourenvironmentandanyfutureattacks.

1.Anxietycanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhen（

）.

2.NowintheUnitedStates,about19millionpeoplearesufferingfrom

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutfearisNOTtrue?

4.Generally,scientistsfindithardtostudyemotionsbecause

（

）.

5.Asfeartravelsthroughtherat'sbrain,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearby（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisanobviouscauseofanxiety.

B.weknowwhywecanstopworrying

C.itpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediate

D.thereisadeadlinelooming.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.terrorwarning

B.mentalillness

C.anxietydisorder

D.physicaldanger

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fearistheexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger.

B.Fearistheshort-termresponsestressesproduceinmen.

C.Fearhasalotofthesamesymptomsasanxiety.

D.Fearistheaspectofanxietythatiseasytorecognize.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyarethenatureofhumanbeings

B.onlyfeariseasytorecognize

C.mostpeopleareasclueless

D.theyareslipperyandsubjective

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.studyingitsreactionafterbeingcutoffsomeportionsofbrain

B.sendingamessagetothecentralportionofitsbrain

C.measuringitsbloodpressure

D.matchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger—andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere'sadeadlinelooming（這是焦慮的奧秘之一。雖然這是對(duì)身體危險(xiǎn)的正常反應(yīng)，但在最后期限即將來(lái)臨的時(shí)候，它可以成為集中注意力的有用工具）可知選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的itafflicts19millionAmericans（它折磨著1,900萬(wàn)美國(guó)人）可知句中的“it”指代前面提及的“Anxietydisorder”，因此選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第五段中的stressisanexternalstimulusthatsignalsdanger,oftenbycausingpain.Fearistheshort-termresponsesuchstressesproduceinmen,womenorlabrats.Anxietyhasalotofthesamesymptomsasfear（壓力是一種外部刺激，通常通過(guò)引起疼痛來(lái)發(fā)出危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)。恐懼是短期反應(yīng)，這種壓力會(huì)在男性、女性或?qū)嶒?yàn)室老鼠身上產(chǎn)生。焦慮和恐懼有很多相同的癥狀。）和第六段中的Butfearistheonceaspectofanxietythat'seasytorecognize（但恐懼是焦慮的一方面，很容易識(shí)別）可知A表示不正確，根據(jù)題干中的“NOTtrue”，因此選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第六段中的Ingeneral,sciencehasahardtimepinningdownemotionsbecausetheyarebynaturesoslipperyandsubjective.（一般來(lái)說(shuō)，科學(xué)很難壓制情緒，因?yàn)樗鼈兲焐秃芑椭饔^）可知選D。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第七段中的Bypainstakinglymatchingthedamagedareaswithchangesinbehavior,scientistshave,bitbybit,createdaroadmapoffearasittravelsthroughtherat'sbrain.（通過(guò)努力將受損的區(qū)域與行為的變化相匹配，科學(xué)家們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地創(chuàng)造了一張?jiān)诶鲜蟠竽X中傳播的恐懼路線圖）可知D選項(xiàng)“將受損區(qū)域與行為變化相匹配”符合題意。

7.單選題

Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas（）fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acontroversial

B.astatistical

C.anexplicit

D.anunimpeachable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的；有爭(zhēng)論的”；B選項(xiàng)statistical“統(tǒng)計(jì)的；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的”；C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項(xiàng)unimpeachable“無(wú)可指責(zé)的；無(wú)可懷疑的；無(wú)懈可擊的；無(wú)過(guò)失的，無(wú)罪的”。句意：18世紀(jì)的小說(shuō)中，女性的作品要比男性的多得多，但直到最近，這種主導(dǎo)地位一直被認(rèn)為只是一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí)，一種只有文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家才注意到的晦澀知識(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeen

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并將繼續(xù)完成的動(dòng)作；B一般將來(lái)時(shí)，將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事情；C過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去觀點(diǎn)看將來(lái)某時(shí)某動(dòng)作已完成；D過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。前面是由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，且是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主將從現(xiàn)的原則，所以答案選A。

9.單選題

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。nourishment意為“營(yíng)養(yǎng)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)品”；realization意為“認(rèn)識(shí)，領(lǐng)會(huì)，領(lǐng)悟”；longevity意為“長(zhǎng)壽”；oblivion意為“遺忘，昏迷”。

句意：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，記憶漸漸淡忘了。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項(xiàng)新的法律限制人們（Anewlawlimits）”。可知政府限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人的數(shù)量不得超過(guò)限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國(guó)外去”，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說(shuō)到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問(wèn)題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長(zhǎng)期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，根據(jù)上文可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。換言之，這里的事態(tài)發(fā)展就是石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。這句話的意思是很少有人相信政府能長(zhǎng)期阻止石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。說(shuō)明政府采取過(guò)控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展的政策。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”，而文中說(shuō)新的法律限制人們只能在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探，也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”，文中說(shuō)到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始吸引人們前往南方但并沒(méi)有說(shuō)禁止雇傭北部人，B選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問(wèn)題”，文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問(wèn)題，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，石油工業(yè)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長(zhǎng)

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計(jì)劃的失敗

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，該處講到“不出幾年，整個(gè)北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”，文中說(shuō)到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“人口的增長(zhǎng)”，文中說(shuō)到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是說(shuō)北部人口會(huì)減少。B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”，北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會(huì)有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，這屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句，該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之，這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會(huì)減少。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)率大幅下降”，原文中說(shuō)到“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去。”因?yàn)槟戏桨l(fā)展工業(yè)，那么根據(jù)原文，從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，失業(yè)率上升，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”，“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)去?！甭糜螛I(yè)不會(huì)發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”，也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，不會(huì)發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)，D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)?！北娝苤?，挪威的農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是說(shuō)挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民，而是說(shuō)漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價(jià)值觀代表了他們的理想，A選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)很有幫助”，文中只是說(shuō)石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”，但是文中說(shuō)的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭(zhēng)論是它對(duì)挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對(duì)生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。

11.翻譯題

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.

【答案】西方那些負(fù)債累累、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的國(guó)家應(yīng)該向蒸蒸日上的亞洲學(xué)習(xí)些什么？

第一點(diǎn)也是最重要的一點(diǎn)，西方應(yīng)當(dāng)重新認(rèn)識(shí)實(shí)用主義的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。幾十年前，亞洲的兩大巨頭在各自錯(cuò)誤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，均出現(xiàn)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r：即馬克思主義的中國(guó)化和尼赫魯在印度推行社會(huì)主義制度。

然而，自從中國(guó)20世紀(jì)80年代迎來(lái)自由市場(chǎng)的改革，緊接著是印度在20世紀(jì)90年代的改革，這兩個(gè)國(guó)家都實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。重要的是，當(dāng)他們打開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén)，開(kāi)始拓展本國(guó)市場(chǎng)，中國(guó)和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中發(fā)育的嬰兒與其洗澡水一同扔掉，而是讓資本主義道路與政府所指引的發(fā)展道路相得益彰，得以均衡發(fā)展。

與這種冷靜明智的中間道路形成對(duì)比的是美國(guó)和歐洲，它們都過(guò)度受制于自己的意識(shí)形態(tài)，這種完全缺乏實(shí)用主義的情況是導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)長(zhǎng)期化的一個(gè)因素。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，美國(guó)越來(lái)越被不受任何干預(yù)的自由市場(chǎng)的意識(shí)形態(tài)沖昏頭腦，對(duì)政府干預(yù)持排斥立場(chǎng)。正如羅納德?里根所言“政府并不是解決問(wèn)題的途徑；政府本身才是問(wèn)題所在?！?/p>

與此同時(shí)，歐洲已經(jīng)陷入另一種意識(shí)形態(tài)之中而不可自拔：他們相信歐洲政府總是有無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的資源，可以不斷地去借貸，仿佛沒(méi)有未來(lái)一樣。

正如美國(guó)人需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地增稅一樣，歐洲人也需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地削減開(kāi)支——這一舉措可以讓亞洲國(guó)家學(xué)會(huì)如何克服過(guò)去自身的危機(jī)，取得成就。

12.單選題

Toyoutheseproblemsmightnotbeveryserious,butforyoungpeopletheycan______large.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reel

B.reveal

C.alter

D.loom

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)reel“震驚，（因突然受挫）暈眩，（尤指醉酒）走路踉蹌”，B項(xiàng)reveal“顯示，透露，揭露”，C項(xiàng)alter“改變，更改”，D項(xiàng)loom“可怕地出現(xiàn)，顯得突出，（不祥之事）似將發(fā)生”。由but可知，前后語(yǔ)義為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)前一句Toyoutheseproblemsmightnotbeveryserious“對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)，這些問(wèn)題可能不是很嚴(yán)重”可推，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)和notserious相對(duì)的詞語(yǔ)，而loomlarge固定搭配，表示“顯得突出”。句意：對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)，這些問(wèn)題可能不是很嚴(yán)重，但對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，它們可能顯得很突出。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thatpartofthecityhaslongbeen

foritsstreetviolenceanddisorder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notorious

B.famous

C.illegal

D.responsible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Notorious“臭名昭著的”；famous“著名的”；illegal“非法的”；responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的”。句意：該市那個(gè)地區(qū)由于街頭暴力和無(wú)秩序而長(zhǎng)時(shí)間臭名昭著。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】句意:美國(guó)社會(huì)是建立在自然資源的不穩(wěn)定的基礎(chǔ)上的，這與環(huán)境惡化的可能性相關(guān)聯(lián)。

短語(yǔ)辨析。Beestablishedon以…為基礎(chǔ);beaffiliatedto隸屬于;beoriginatedfrom起源于，創(chuàng)始于;beincorporatedwith結(jié)合。根據(jù)題干中的foundation(基礎(chǔ))判斷A符合句意。

15.單選題

Johnfailedinthefinalexaminationbecausehewas（

）totheteacher’sadvice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.immune

B.indifferent

C.ignorant

D.informed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)immune“免疫的”；B選項(xiàng)indifferent“冷淡的，不關(guān)心的”；C選項(xiàng)ignorant“無(wú)知的，愚昧的”；D選項(xiàng)inform“通知，告發(fā)”。句意：John期末考試不及格，因?yàn)樗宦?tīng)老師的勸告。beindifferentto知“不在乎…，對(duì)…漠不關(guān)心”，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Amongdifferentkindsofmonkeys,itisthechimpanzeethathasinterestedscientists

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.best

B.most

C.themost

D.mostly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。句意：在不同種類的猴子中，讓科學(xué)家最感興趣的是黑猩猩?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€(gè)表示“最，非?！钡脑~，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis（）withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astonishing

B.flourishing

C.exaggerating

D.diminishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)astonishing“令人驚訝的”；B選項(xiàng)flourishing“繁榮的，繁茂的”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerating“夸張的，夸大的”；D選項(xiàng)diminishing“逐漸縮小的，遞減的”。句意：隨著人們生活水平的提高，健康和美容行業(yè)正（），產(chǎn)品比以往任何時(shí)候都更加精致。這里表達(dá)的意思是“美容行業(yè)正在繁榮發(fā)展”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmisconceptions.（46）thetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceis（47）byyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblems,toread,writeandcomputeatcertainlevels,andtoresolveabstractequationsquickly.Thisvisionof（48）assertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofselffulfillment.It（49）akindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresults.Wehave（50）tobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadges,whoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldiscipline,is“intelligent”.（51）mentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificates.Atruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffective,happylifelivedeachdayaneachpresentmomentofeveryday.

Ifyouarehappy,ifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingit’sworth,thenyouareanintelligentperson.Problem（52）isausefulhelptoyourhappiness,butifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourself,or（53）aminimumrefusetochooseunhappiness,（54）youareintelligent.Youareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweapon（55）thebigN.B.D.—NervousBreakDown.

“Intelligent”peopledonothaveN.B.D.’sbecausetheyarein（56）ofthemselves.Theyknowhowtochoosehappiness（57）depression,becausetheyknowhowtodealwiththeproblemsof（58）lives.

Youcanbegintothinkofyourself（59）trulyintelligentonthebasisof（60）youchoosetofeel（61）thefaceofdifficultcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthas（62）difficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartof（63）itmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deaths,naturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhich（64）problemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomake（65）toavoidim