考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣安職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itwasimportantforanylecturertogettheaudience______rightatthebeginningandthengraduallyincreasethepressure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.related

B.concerned

C.involved

D.mixed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“聯(lián)系，敘述，講述”；B選項(xiàng)concern“涉及，關(guān)系到”；C選項(xiàng)involve“包含，牽涉，(使)參加”；D選項(xiàng)mix“混合”。根據(jù)lecture與audience可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：對(duì)于任何一個(gè)演講者來(lái)說(shuō)，讓聽(tīng)眾一開(kāi)始就參與進(jìn)來(lái)是很重要的。然后逐漸增加壓力。

2.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘以下哪一項(xiàng)在這篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根據(jù)第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵成果是產(chǎn)生新的、更好的無(wú)知方式——不是那種與缺乏好奇心或教育相關(guān)的無(wú)知，而是一種有教養(yǎng)的、高質(zhì)量的無(wú)知?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)產(chǎn)生更好的無(wú)知”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干：為什么科學(xué)關(guān)注的是問(wèn)題而不是答案？由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者認(rèn)為，人們更容易了解問(wèn)題（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根據(jù)文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科學(xué)的這一面在公眾心目中……，我稱(chēng)之為科學(xué)的累積觀點(diǎn)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，這一堆事實(shí)太多而永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法企盼征服。”以及根據(jù)文章最后一句話中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公眾再次參與了這場(chǎng)偉大的冒險(xiǎn)”可知此處表示公眾對(duì)科學(xué)的對(duì)比態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)“變得不那么重要了”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：作者在這篇文章中最關(guān)心的是什么？全文講的是科學(xué)與大眾的關(guān)系，文章最后總結(jié)道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者關(guān)注的是讓大眾參與到科學(xué)中來(lái)。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

3.單選題

Atapressconferenceaftertheawardceremonythe18-year-oldgirlspokeinabarely（）voice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.audible

B.optional

C.legible

D.identical

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。audible可聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)的；optional可選擇的,隨意的；legible字跡清楚的,易讀的；identical相同的,完全一樣的。句意：在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮后的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，這位18歲的女孩用幾乎聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)的聲音說(shuō)話。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

4.單選題

Iwastryingtoreadthedirections（）andabsurd.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichwasconfused

B.whichwereconfusing

C.thatwasconfused

D.theywereconfusing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我正嘗試閱讀這令人困惑而且荒謬的說(shuō)明。

語(yǔ)法題。考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是名詞復(fù)數(shù)directions，因此，whichwasconfused和thatwasconfused錯(cuò)誤。而D項(xiàng)theywereconRising不是定語(yǔ)從句，不符合句法結(jié)構(gòu)，因此答案選B。

5.單選題

TheplottoassassinateMartinLutherKinghadstarted___hewasactuallykilled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beforelong

B.longbefore

C.solong

D.goalong

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.beforelong沒(méi)過(guò)多久B.longbefore很早以前

C.solong這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間D.goalong進(jìn)行；支持；贊同

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】“刺殺計(jì)劃”（Theplottoassassinate）和空白處后“他真的被殺了”的邏輯可知：刺殺計(jì)劃在他真正死后之前就開(kāi)始了。同時(shí)，空白處之前的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，空白處后的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)。這也說(shuō)明了兩者之間的先后關(guān)系。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)longbefore“很早以前”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“之前”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)beforelong意為“不久以后”；longbefore是“很久以前”。Beforelong用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，常與將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用；longbefore體現(xiàn)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，常用于過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)；

C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，無(wú)法與句子結(jié)合。

【句意】刺殺馬丁?路德?金的計(jì)劃在實(shí)施前醞釀已久。

6.單選題

Anearthquakeisashakingoftheground（）whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichoccurring

B.itoccurs

C.andthereforeoccurring

D.thatoccurs

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)which是多余的，occurring是分詞作定語(yǔ)，不需要引導(dǎo)詞；B選項(xiàng)it不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；C選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)法混亂；根據(jù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)選擇D選項(xiàng)“thatoccurs”，whenmassesofrockbeneaththesurfaceoftheearthchangeposition是由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。句意：地震是一種地面的震動(dòng)……當(dāng)?shù)厍虮砻嫦碌拇髩K巖石改變位置。因此答案為D選項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

______inflation,drivenbyrisingfoodandoilcosts,isstrikinghardestattheworld’spoorest,whoareforcedtospend60to80percentoftheirincomeonfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sprouting

B.Surging

C.Spilling

D.Spinning

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)sprout“發(fā)芽，長(zhǎng)芽”，B項(xiàng)surge“洶涌，起大浪，蜂擁而來(lái)”，C項(xiàng)spill“（使）溢出，流出，（東西）倒出”，D項(xiàng)spin“旋轉(zhuǎn)，紡紗，吐絲”?？崭裉幪钊氲氖且粋€(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞做inflation“通貨膨脹”的定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)后面的isstrikinghardestattheworld’spoorest“對(duì)世界上最貧窮的人打擊最大”可知，surging符合語(yǔ)境，表示“（物價(jià)等）激增的”。句意：食品和石油價(jià)格上漲導(dǎo)致的通貨膨脹對(duì)世界上最貧窮的人打擊最大，他們被迫將收入的60%到80%花在食品上。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

（

）muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.While

B.Since

C.Because

D.When

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。while在這里的意思為“盡管”；since“因?yàn)?；由于，既然”，because“因?yàn)椤?；when“當(dāng)……”。根據(jù)句子意思推斷選項(xiàng)A最符合題意。句意為：盡管我們對(duì)于乳腺癌了解很多，但是關(guān)于治療的最精準(zhǔn)的方法仍處于測(cè)試階段。

9.單選題

Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.Organicarchitecturerejectsrulesimposedbyindividualpreferenceormereaestheticsinordertoremaintruetothenatureofthesite,thematerials,thepurposeofthestructure,andthepeoplewhowillultimatelyuseit.Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple.Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.Itshouldmaximizepeople’scontactwithandutilizationoftheoutdoors.

Naturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.Likeasculptor,theorganicarchitectviewsthesiteandmaterialsasaninnateformthatshapesanddevelopsorganicallyfromwithin.Truthinarchitectureresultsinanatural,spontaneousstructureintotalharmonywiththesetting.Forthemostpart,thesestructuresfindtheirgeometricthemesinthecontoursofthelandandtheircolorsinthesurroundingpaletteofnature.

Fromtheoutside,anorganicstructureissomuchapartofnaturethatitisoftenobscuredbyit.Inotherwords,itmaynotbepossiblefortheeyetoeasilyseparatetheman-madestructurefromthenaturalterrain.Fromtheinside,roomsopenintoeachother.Naturallight,air,andviewpermeatethewholestructure,providingasenseofcommunicationwiththeoutdoors.

26.Inorganicarchitecture,whichofthefollowingistrue?

27.Agoodexampleofnaturalprinciplesisa（）.

28.Whydoestheauthorcompareanorganicarchitecttoasculptor?

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthearchitect’sviewofnature?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Formfollowsfunction.

B.Functionfollowsform.

C.Functionisnotimportanttoform.

D.Formandfunctionareone.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.bankthatisbuilttolooklikeaGreektemple

B.bankbuiltsothatthelocationisunimportanttothestructure

C.bankthatisbuilttoconformtothenaturalsurroundings

D.bankthatisbuilttobebeautifulratherthanfunctional

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizeaesthetics.

B.Togiveanexampleofnaturalprinciples.

C.Tomakeapointaboutthedevelopmentofgeometry.

D.Todemonstratetheimportanceofstyle.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Natureshouldbeconquered.

B.Natureshouldnotbeconsidered.

C.Natureshouldberespected.

D.Natureshouldbeimproved.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第一段Formdoesnotfollowfunction;formisinseparablefromfunction.（形式并不遵循功能，形式不能從功能上分割出來(lái)。）由此可知，形式和功能是一體的。因此D選項(xiàng)“形式和功能是一體的”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“形式遵循功能”，B選項(xiàng)“功能遵循形式”，C選項(xiàng)“功能對(duì)形式并不重要”，均不符合題意，故選D。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文Ifthesenaturalprinciplesareupheld,thenabankcannotbebuilttolooklikeaGreektemple（如果堅(jiān)持這些自然原則，那么銀行不能建造像一座希臘神廟）Inotherwords,abuildingshouldbeinspiredbynature’sformsandconstructedwithmaterialsthatretainandrespectthenaturalcharacteristicsofthesettingtocreateharmonywithitsnaturalenvironment.（換句話說(shuō)，一座建筑應(yīng)該受到自然形式的啟發(fā)，用那些保持和尊重所在地點(diǎn)的自然特點(diǎn)的材料建造而成，從而達(dá)到與自然環(huán)境的和諧統(tǒng)一。）可以推論出，遵守自然原則的好例子是建造一所與其自然環(huán)境一致的銀行。因此C選項(xiàng)“為適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境而建的銀行”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“建得像希臘神廟的銀行”，B選項(xiàng)“銀行的建造地點(diǎn)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)不重要”，D選項(xiàng)“銀行是為了美觀而不是實(shí)用”均不符合題意，故選C。

28.推理判斷題。定位到第二段的第一句N(xiāo)aturalprinciplesthenareprinciplesofdesign,notstyle,expressedbyconstructionthatreflectsunity,balance,proportion,rhythm,andscale.（自然原則是設(shè)計(jì)的原則，不是風(fēng)格上的，通過(guò)反映統(tǒng)一、平衡、比例、節(jié)奏和比例的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)體現(xiàn)。）緊接著就舉例與有機(jī)建筑師和雕塑家進(jìn)行比較，從而進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明自然原則。因此B選項(xiàng)“給自然原則所舉的例子”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)美學(xué)”；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)幾何學(xué)的發(fā)展提出一點(diǎn)看法”；D選項(xiàng)“闡述風(fēng)格的重要性”均與題意不符。故選B。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第一句Organicarchitecture—thatis,naturalarchitecture—maybevariedinconceptandform,butitisalwaysfaithfultonaturalprinciples.（有機(jī)建筑，也就是自然建筑，在概念和形式上可能是不同的，但它始終忠實(shí)于自然原則。）本文主要說(shuō)明了有機(jī)建筑，其核心是自然原則。由此可知建筑師是忠實(shí)于自然的。因此C選項(xiàng)“自然應(yīng)該得到尊重”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該征服自然”，B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該考慮自然”，D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該要改善自然”均不符合題意。故選C。

10.單選題

Manyadvantagescomewithbeingafirst-bornchild.First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.

Thereisyetanotheradvantage:First-bornchildrenshowbettersecondlanguageskillsthanlater-bornchildren.Atleastthiswasthefindingofnewresearchinlastmonth’sissueofFrontiersinPsychology.

Thestudy,ledbyDr.KarinKellerofSwitzerland’sUniversityofBasel,examinedthesecondlanguageskillsof1209immigrantchildrenbetweentheagesoftwo-and-a-halfandthreefromSwitzerland’sGerman-speakingregionofBasel.Thestudywasadministeredviamail;parentsfilledoutasurveyaskingthemtoassesstheirchild’sGermanlanguageability.Theyalsoreporteddemographicinformationsuchashowmanyotherchildrenwereinthehousehold,birthorder,numberofbooksinthehousehold,andparentallanguageskills.

Thefindingsofthestudyareasthefollowing.First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.Thismakessomesense;onemightimaginethatlargerimmigrantfamiliesaremorelikelytopropagatethecommunicationstylesoftheirhomecountry.Furthermore,morechildrenmeanslesstimeforparentstodeveloptheirchildren’ssecondlanguageabilities.

Second,theresearchersfoundthatfirst-bornchildrenexhibitedaminor,butstatisticallysignificant,advantageintheirsecondlanguageabilities.

Whenexplainingthecausesforthelanguageabilitydifferences,theresearcherssuggestthatthedifferenceshavemoretodowithenvironmentalfactors.Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”

Kellerandherteamofresearchers,however,werequicktoputthisfindingincontext.Theynotethattheeffectisquitesmall;theywereonlyabletofinditbecauseofthestudy’slargesamplesize.Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.

Kellerandhercolleagueswrite,“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.Giventheresultsofthisstudy,promotingtheattendanceofearlyeducationinstitutionsisanefficientwayofachievingthisgoal.”

6.Whatdoweknowaboutfirst-bornchildren?

7.WhatdoesthestudyofDr.KarinKellerfind?

8.Whatisoneofthereasonsforlanguageabilitydifferencesbetweenfirst-bornsandlater-borns?

9.Whatistheimportantinformationfromthestudyaccordingtotheresearchers?

10.Whatissuggestedtohelptheimmigrantfamilies?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremorehelpfulwithhousework.

B.Theyhaveashorterlifespan.

C.Theyseemtobestronger.

D.Theytendtobebetteroff.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Parentswithmorechildrentendtospendlesstimewiththem.

B.Immigrantfamiliespaylessattentiontotheirchildren’slanguageability.

C.Childrenwithfewersiblingshavebettersecondlanguageskills.

D.Childrenwithmoresiblingshavemorechancetopracticeasecondlanguage.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Geneticfactor.

B.Parentingmodel.

C.Resourceallocation.

D.Siblingcompetition.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Immigrantbackgroundscaninfluencechildren’ssecondlanguageability.

B.Earlyeducationcanmakeupforbirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisition.

C.Children’sintellectualdevelopmentisimportantforsecondlanguagelearning.

D.Thebirthordereffectonsecondlanguageacquisitiondependsonthesamplesize.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Givingfinancialsupporttothosewithfewerresources.

B.Offeringmoreopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofparents.

C.Callingoneducationinstitutionstoofferfreecourses.

D.Carryingoutmorestudiesonlanguageacquisitionabilities.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“First-bornstendtomakemoremoneythantheiryoungersiblings;theyaremorelikelytoearnadvanceddegrees,andtheyhaveslightlybetteroddsofbecomingpresidents,primeministers,andNobellaureates.Theyevenhavelongerlifeexpectancythanlater-bornsiblings.（第一個(gè)出生的孩子往往比他們的弟弟妹妹賺更多的錢(qián)；他們更有可能獲得高級(jí)學(xué)位，他們成為總統(tǒng)、總理和諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者的幾率略高。他們甚至比后來(lái)出生的兄弟姐妹壽命更長(zhǎng)。）”，由此可推斷出先出生的孩子往往境況更好。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诩覄?wù)方面更有幫助”文章沒(méi)有提到；B選項(xiàng)“他們的壽命較短”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們看起來(lái)更強(qiáng)壯”文中也沒(méi)有提到；D選項(xiàng)“他們往往比較富?！闭_。A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“First,childrenwithmoresiblingsexhibitedworsesecondlanguageskillsthanchildrenwithfewersiblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表現(xiàn)出更差的第二語(yǔ)言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二語(yǔ)言能力比較強(qiáng)。A選項(xiàng)“孩子多的父母與孩子相處的時(shí)間往往更少”；B選項(xiàng)“移民家庭對(duì)孩子的語(yǔ)言能力關(guān)注較少”；C選項(xiàng)“兄弟姐妹較少的孩子有更好的第二語(yǔ)言能力”；D選項(xiàng)“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言”，A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第六段寫(xiě)到：Theycitea“resourcedilutionmodel”,inwhichfirst-bornchildrenbenefitfromagreaterparentalresourceinvestment.Theresearcherswrite,“Everyadditionalsiblingmeansareductionintheshareofresourcesallocatedtoeachchild,thusreducingthefoundationsoftheirintellectualdevelopment.”（他們引用了一個(gè)“資源稀釋模型”，在這個(gè)模型中，第一個(gè)出生的孩子受益于父母更多的資源投資。研究人員寫(xiě)到，“每增加一個(gè)兄弟姐妹意味著分配給每個(gè)孩子的資源份額減少，從而減少了他們智力發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。”）。由此可知先后出生的孩子在資源分配上存在著差異。A選項(xiàng)“遺傳因素”；B選項(xiàng)“教育模式”；C選項(xiàng)“資源分配”；D選項(xiàng)“兄弟姐妹競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore,exposuretoearlyeducationinstitutionsoffsettheeffectofbirthorderonsecondlanguageacquisition.This,intheresearchers’minds,isthekeytakeawayfromthisstudy.（此外，接觸早教機(jī)構(gòu)抵消了出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z(yǔ)言習(xí)得的影響。在研究人員看來(lái)，這是這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵。）”，由此可知研究中最關(guān)鍵的發(fā)現(xiàn)就是早期教育可以幫助彌補(bǔ)出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z(yǔ)言習(xí)得的影響。A選項(xiàng)“移民背景會(huì)影響兒童的第二語(yǔ)言能力”；B選項(xiàng)“早期教育可以彌補(bǔ)出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z(yǔ)言習(xí)得的影響”；C選項(xiàng)“兒童的智力發(fā)展對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)很重要”；D選項(xiàng)“出生順序?qū)Φ诙Z(yǔ)言習(xí)得的影響取決于樣本量”。A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Consideringthatfamiliesfromimmigrantbackgroundshavefewerfinancialresources,andthattheseresourcesinfluencethechildren’slevelofdevelopment.Itseemsallthemoreimportantthatimmigrantfamilieswithmanychildrenarefinanciallysupportedsothattheirchildrenareofferedthebestopportunitiespossiblefortheiracademiccareers.（考慮到移民家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源較少，而這些資源會(huì)影響孩子的發(fā)展水平。似乎更重要的是，有很多孩子的移民家庭得到經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持，這樣他們的孩子就能在學(xué)術(shù)生涯中獲得最好的機(jī)會(huì)。）”，由此可知移民家庭需要經(jīng)濟(jì)資源的支持。A選項(xiàng)“向資源較少的人提供財(cái)政支持”；B選項(xiàng)“為父母提供更多的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)“呼吁教育機(jī)構(gòu)提供免費(fèi)課程”；D選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)展更多的語(yǔ)言習(xí)得能力研究”。B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.destructive

B.liable

C.diverse

D.responsible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive意為“破壞性的”；liable意為“（法律上）負(fù)有償付責(zé)任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行債務(wù)等時(shí)應(yīng)負(fù)法律責(zé)任或受罰；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；responsible意為“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的，有責(zé)任的”，指能熟練而出色地履行職責(zé)或完成任務(wù)，或在出差錯(cuò)而對(duì)其原因有爭(zhēng)執(zhí)時(shí)承擔(dān)過(guò)失。

句意：假如這個(gè)項(xiàng)目出了任何問(wèn)題，我將追究你個(gè)人的責(zé)任。

12.單選題

Justrememberonethingthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasty

B.prompt

C.urgent

D.instant

【答案】A

【解析】句意:請(qǐng)只需記住一件事，即輕率的決定經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致痛苦的遺憾。

考查形容詞辨析。hasty匆忙的，倉(cāng)促而就的，草率的；prompt敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的;urgent緊急的，急迫的；instant立即的，緊急的，緊迫的。因此A符合句意。

13.單選題

Nonviolentdemonstrationsoftencreatesuchtensionsthatacommunitythathasconstantlyrefusedto（

）itsinjusticesisforcedtocorrectthem:theinjusticescannolongerbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acknowledge...ignored

B.decrease...verified

C.tolerate...accepted

D.address...reassess

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)acknowledge“承認(rèn)，承認(rèn)…性，告知”；ignore“忽略，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減低”；verify“證明，證實(shí)，核實(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)tolerate“忍受，容忍，承認(rèn)，尊重”；accept“接受”；D選項(xiàng)address“對(duì)付，處理，解決”；eliminate“消除，排除”。句意‘非暴力游行示威常常會(huì)造成很大程度上的緊張狀態(tài)，以至于任何一個(gè)自始至終不愿承認(rèn)其不公平的社會(huì)的人就會(huì)被迫糾正它們，這些不公平己經(jīng)到了再也不容忽視的地步了。’A選項(xiàng)正確

14.單選題

Themayorisawomanwithgreatand（

）,thereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.instinct

C.integrity

D.intensity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)intention“意圖，目的”；B選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，天性”；C選項(xiàng)integrity“正直，完整”；D選項(xiàng)intensity“劇烈，強(qiáng)度”。句意：市長(zhǎng)是一位十分正直的女性，所以值得我們給予政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。A，B和D項(xiàng)不與with搭配，結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.填空題

A:Areyougoingtotellyourbosstodaythatyou'requittingyour（1）?

B:Ican’tmakeupmymind（2）totellhimtodayornot.

A:I’dtellhimtodayifI（3）you.Whydelay?

B:ButwhatifI（4）mymind?

A:I（5）thatyou’dmadeafirmdecision.

B:Well,yesterdayIhadaconversationwithsomeonewho（6）

toworkforthecompanythatwantstohireme.（7）

tohim,there’sa

lotofdissatisfactionamongtheemployees.

A:Didhesaywhatthe（8）ofthedissatisfactionwas?

B:Hementionedanumberofthings.I’llstaywithmycurrentfirmifthealternativeisacompanywithmajormanagementproblems.They’reofferingmeahigher，butistheadditionalpayenoughtomakeupforabunchofnew（9）headaches?

A:Itsoundstomeasifyou'd（10）talktosome（11）currentorpastemployeesbeforeyouacceptthenewfirm’s

offer.

大意:

A.你會(huì)今天告訴老板，你要離職的事嗎？

B.我不確定是否今天告訴他。

A.如果我是你，我會(huì)今天告訴他。為什么推遲呢？

B.但是，要是我改變主意了呢？

A.我覺(jué)得你己經(jīng)決定了。

B.昨天，我和一個(gè)之前在想雇我的那個(gè)公司中工作過(guò)的人談話。據(jù)他所說(shuō)，員工間有很多不滿。

A.他有說(shuō)不滿的原因是什么嗎？

B.他說(shuō)了很多事。如果這個(gè)公司主要是管理問(wèn)題的話，我會(huì)呆在現(xiàn)在的公司。他們會(huì)給我提供更高的薪水，但是，這額外的工資足以彌補(bǔ)一連串新的麻煩嗎？

A.這聽(tīng)起來(lái)，在接受新工作之前，好像，你最好和現(xiàn)在或者之前的雇員多談?wù)劇?/p>

【答案】1.job

2.whether

3.were

4.change

5.thought

6.used

7.According

8.cause

9.salary

10.better

11.more

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)此處填job。Quitone’sjob辭職。

2.固定搭配。Whetherornot是否。

3.語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)If以及主句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)“would/shouldtell”可知,此處是if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。而且,根據(jù)today判斷,這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,故填

4.詞匯題。句意:但是，要是我改變主意了呢？

5.詞匯題。句意:我覺(jué)得你已經(jīng)做好了決定。再根據(jù)后面的you’dmade判斷此處為think的過(guò)去式thought。

6.詞匯題。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾someone。此處的someone指在這個(gè)公司工作或曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的人,所以此處填used，與后面的to搭配表示“曾經(jīng)”。

7.固定搭配。Accordingto根據(jù)…。

8.詞匯題。句意:他有說(shuō)不滿的原因是什么嗎？

9.詞匯題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推測(cè)此處填salary(工資,薪水)。

10.固定搭配。You’dbetter你最好是…。

11.詞匯題。A希望B能在接受新公司邀請(qǐng)之前和目前或之前的員工談?wù)?。此句已?jīng)完整,因此應(yīng)填入程度副詞，故填more，即多了解情況。

16.單選題

Allthestudentsofthisuniversityhavefree（

）totheInternetviaabroadbandconnection.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.entrance

C.permission

D.passageway

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：大學(xué)的所有學(xué)生通過(guò)連接寬帶都可以免費(fèi)上網(wǎng)。access“進(jìn)入；機(jī)會(huì)”；entrance“入口”；permission“允許，許可”；passageway“通道，走廊”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Theunemployedmanis（）aboutstreetswithacigarinhishandandamiserablefeelinginmind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plunging

B.patrolling

C.lounging

D.lingering

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plunging“驟降；投入”；B選項(xiàng)patrolling“巡邏；偵查”；C選項(xiàng)lounging“懶洋洋地站著”；D選項(xiàng)lingering“徘徊；磨蹭”。句意：那個(gè)失業(yè)的人手里拿著雪茄在街上……，心里愁?lèi)灢话?。D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義，故選D。

18.單選題

Whathetoldmewasa（）ofdownrightlies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.load

B.mob

C.pack

D.flock

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。load“負(fù)荷，重?fù)?dān)，裝載量”；mob“暴民，烏合之眾”；pack“包裹，背包”；flock“（飛禽，牲畜等的）群”。句意：他告訴我的都是一些明顯的謊言。aloadof“大量，許多”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

19.單選題

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace.（）,thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞辨析。therefore“因此”；furthermore“而且”；accordingly“相應(yīng)地”；nevertheless“不過(guò)，然而”。句意：倫敦馬拉松是一個(gè)很難的比賽。但是，每年都有成千上萬(wàn)的跑步者參賽。由前后句意可判斷這兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Itisagenerousandreceptiveintelligencethatwas（

）fromattainingitsfullscopebybadtraining,poorschoolandlackofopportunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.foiled

B.thwarted

C.balked

D.inhabited

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。foil“阻止；挫敗”；thwart“反對(duì)，阻礙”；balk“故意妨礙或阻止”；inhabit“居住于”。句意：糟糕的訓(xùn)練，落后的學(xué)校條件以及機(jī)會(huì)的缺失妨礙了一個(gè)慷慨樂(lè)于接受的大腦的完全開(kāi)發(fā)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Haveyoueverwonderedwhatourfutureislike?Practicallyallpeople(1)adesiretopredicttheirfuture(2).Mostpeopleseeminclinedto(3)thistaskusingcausalreasoning.Firstwe(4)recognizethatfuturecircumstancesare(5)causedorconditionedbypresentones.Welearnthatgettinganeducationwill(6)howmuchmoneyweearnlaterandthatswimmingbeyondthereefmaybringanunhappy(7)withashark.Second,peoplealsolearnthatsuch(8)ofcauseandeffectareprobabilisticinnature.Thatis,theeffectsoccurmoreoftenwhenthecausesoccurthanwhenthecausesare(9),butnotalways.Thus,studentslearnthatstudyinghard(10)goodgradesinmostinstances,butnoteverytime.Sciencemakestheseconceptsofcausalityandprobabilitymore(11)andprovidestechniquesfordealing(12)thenmoreaccuratelythandoescausalhumaninquiry.Inlookingatordinaryhumaninquiry,weneedto(13)betweenpredictionandunderstanding.Often,evenifwedon’tunderstandwhy,wearewillingtoact(14)thebasisofademonstratedpredictiveability.Whatevertheprimitivedrives(15)motivatehumanbeings,satisfyingthemdependsheavilyontheabilityto(16)futurecircumstances.Theattempttopredictisoftenplayedina(17)ofknowledgeandunderstanding.Ifyoucanunderstandwhycertainregularpatterns(18),youcanpredictbetterthanifyousimplyobservethosepatterns.Thus,humaninquiryaims(19)answeringboth“what”and“why”question,andwepursuethese(20)byobservingandfiguringout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibit

B.exaggerate

C.examine

D.exceed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.contexts

B.circumstances

C.inspections

D.intuitions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.underestimate

B.undermine

C.undertake

D.undergo

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.especially

B.particularly

C.always

D.generally

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.somehow

B.somebody

C.someone

D.something

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.enact

B.affect

C.reflect

D.inflect

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.meeting

B.occurrence

C.encounter

D.contact

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.patterns

B.designs

C.arrangements

D.pictures

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.disappointed

B.absent

C.inadequate

D.absolute

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.creates

B.produces

C.loses

D.protects

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.obscure

B.indistinct

C.explicit

D.explosive

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.at

C.in

D.with

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.distinguish

B.distinct

C.distort

D.distract

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.on

C.to

D.under

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.how

C.that

D.where

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.predict

B.produce

C.pretend

D.precede

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.content

B.contact

C.contest

D.context

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.happen

B.occur

C.occupy

D.incur

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.on

C.to

D.beyond

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.purposes

B.ambitions

C.drives

D.goals

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:A

第17題:D

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)賓搭配。A項(xiàng)表示“展出，表現(xiàn)”，B項(xiàng)表示“夸張”，C項(xiàng)表示“檢查，調(diào)查”，D項(xiàng)表示“超越，勝過(guò)”。空格處要填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后面的賓語(yǔ)adesire可知，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是表示“懷有，抱有”或者相近的詞語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查修飾詞和被修飾詞。A項(xiàng)表示“上下文”，B項(xiàng)表示“情況，情形”，C項(xiàng)表示“檢查，視察”，D項(xiàng)表示“直覺(jué)”。根據(jù)句子意思“所有的人都懷有對(duì)未來(lái)的______的愿望”，空格處是要填入一個(gè)名詞，由future修飾，那么空格要填入和future相關(guān)的詞，只有B項(xiàng)正確。句意：實(shí)際上，人們會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)的生活懷有一定的愿望。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)賓搭配。A項(xiàng)表示“低估”，B項(xiàng)表示“破壞”，C項(xiàng)表示“承擔(dān)”，D項(xiàng)表示“經(jīng)歷，遭受”?？崭裉幰钊胍粋€(gè)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后面的task可知，undertakeatask是常見(jiàn)搭配，表示“開(kāi)始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)任務(wù)”。句意：大多數(shù)人似乎傾向于使用因果推理來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)義。A項(xiàng)表示“特別，尤其”，B項(xiàng)表示“特別是”，C項(xiàng)表示“總是”，D項(xiàng)表示“通常地”?？崭裉幪钊胍粋€(gè)副詞，修飾werecognize，此處是一般性陳述，A、B表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以排