考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東環(huán)境保護(hù)工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東環(huán)境保護(hù)工程職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

EventhosewhodisagreedwithCarmen’sviewsrarelyfaultedherforexpressingthem,forthepositionsshetookwereas（

）astheywerecontroversial.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.thoughtful

C.subjective

D.commonplace

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；thoughtful“深思的；體貼的”；subjective“主觀的；自覺的”；commonplace“平凡的；普通的”。句意：即使是那些不同意卡門觀點(diǎn)的人，也很少指責(zé)她的表達(dá)，因?yàn)榭ㄩT所采取的立場(chǎng)如同有爭(zhēng)議那樣讓人深思。由controversial可知，既然該立場(chǎng)有爭(zhēng)議，所以引人深思。故B項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Practitionersoflawandmedicineareesteemedinmanycountrieswhichseemstoindicatethat（

）dependsonprofessionortitle.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.superiority

C.privilege

D.merit

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。prestige“聲望；聲譽(yù)”；superiority“優(yōu)越；優(yōu)越性”；privilege“特權(quán)；優(yōu)待”；merit“優(yōu)點(diǎn)；價(jià)值”。句意：法律和醫(yī)生從業(yè)者在許多國(guó)家都受到尊敬，這似乎說(shuō)明聲望取決于職業(yè)和頭銜。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto（）togetherinresearchactivities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.specialize

B.participate

C.consist

D.involve

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。specialize“使專門化”；participate“參與”；consist“由…組成”;involve“包含，牽涉”。句意：麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個(gè)特色是學(xué)生和老師都有機(jī)會(huì)一起參與研究活動(dòng)。B項(xiàng)符合題意，故答案B。

4.單選題

WhenthePacificWarbrokeout,Edwardwasdraftedbynavyandservedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlisted

B.mobilized

C.approved

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。draft“起草；制定；征募”；A選項(xiàng)enlist“征募；贊助”；B選項(xiàng)mobilize“動(dòng)員；調(diào)動(dòng)；使……流通”；C選項(xiàng)approve“批準(zhǔn)；贊成”；D選項(xiàng)attract“吸引；引起”。句意：太平洋戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)時(shí)，愛德華應(yīng)征入伍，在一艘大型航空母艦上服役了整整四年。由題干中的“servedfourfullyearsonabigaircraftcarrier在一艘大的航空母艦上服役了整整四年”可知wasdrafted在這里是“被征募”的意思，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Atthepartywefoundthatshygirl（）hermotherallthetime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dependingon

B.adheringto

C.clingingto

D.coincidingwith

【答案】C

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。在聚會(huì)上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)害羞的女孩一直（）她的媽媽。

dependingon依賴；adheringto黏附；clingingto（緊緊）黏著；coincidingwith符合，一致。按理說(shuō)，B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)都有“黏著”的意思，符合句意。C項(xiàng)暗含了“緊緊地”這一層意思。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely______totheoutsideworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beinglost

B.havinglost

C.losing

D.lost

【答案】D

【解析】考查伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意：安娜正在看一部科幻小說(shuō)，完全迷失在外面的世界里。橫線前后兩部分動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，表示伴隨狀態(tài)，根據(jù)固定搭配belostto還原句子為Shewascompletelylosttotheoutsideworld，所以D選項(xiàng)lost符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

________theythinkitwillcometoanendthroughthehandsofGod,oranaturaldisasterorapoliticalevent,whateverthereason,nearly15percentofpeopleworldwidethinktheendoftheworldiscoming,accordingtoanewpoll.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Either

B.Whether

C.Neither

D.If

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：一項(xiàng)最新調(diào)查顯示，全世界近15%的人認(rèn)為世界末日即將來(lái)臨。要么是通過(guò)上帝之手，要么是天災(zāi)或者政治事件。根據(jù)題干中…or…可知空格處應(yīng)填寫與之搭配的詞語(yǔ)，只有either…or…符合要求。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Shehastakengreatpainstoconcealheremotions,andtherebymadethem（

）conspicuous.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allthemore

B.allthemuch

C.allmore

D.allmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意：她竭力隱藏她的情緒，但是她卻讓他們更加明顯了。這里選固定搭配A選項(xiàng)allthemore“更加”；其他選項(xiàng)不能作為副詞修飾conspicuous這個(gè)形容詞。

9.單選題

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreaterglowofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.

TodayMarsloomsashumanity'snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers.ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplacesinthepastwas（

）.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis

（

）.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying"WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen"(Line1,Para.4),theauthormeansthat

（

）.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.todisplaytheircountry'smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.Toseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.Toprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.Toshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteor

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.（幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，探險(xiǎn)家們冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去探索那些不為人知的地方，或多或少是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的或國(guó)家利益的原因）可知D選項(xiàng)“追求商業(yè)和國(guó)家利益”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet'sreddishsurface.（由于短期財(cái)政回報(bào)的前景令人懷疑，冷戰(zhàn)記憶的迅速消失，以及人們對(duì)大型太空探險(xiǎn)國(guó)際合作的日益重視，很顯然，現(xiàn)實(shí)需求已壓倒經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和民族主要訴求，促使人類離開通向這座表面呈紅色的星球的軌道）可排除B、D選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際合作”是進(jìn)行太空探險(xiǎn)的方式，故排除，因此選C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteoritefromMars.（越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)顯示，這顆紅色星球曾經(jīng)有過(guò)大量穩(wěn)定的液態(tài)水，關(guān)于掉落到地球的火星隕石上有細(xì)菌化石的說(shuō)法一直存在爭(zhēng)議，這些都突出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題——火星上是否存在生命，以及這些生命到現(xiàn)在是否還一直生存在火星上）可知A選項(xiàng)“看那里是否存在生命”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience（如果可以確定生命是在火星和地球上獨(dú)立產(chǎn)生的，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將為所有科學(xué)中最深?yuàn)W的奧秘之一提供第一條具體線索）可推測(cè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大，回報(bào)越高，因此選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.（一個(gè)關(guān)于火星上生命的更確切的答案，無(wú)論是過(guò)去的還是現(xiàn)在的，都會(huì)給研究人員提供寶貴的數(shù)據(jù)，了解到行星在何種條件下都可以產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)致生命的復(fù)雜化學(xué)物質(zhì)）可知C選項(xiàng)“揭示生命起源的類型”符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質(zhì)子)pernucleus.

【答案】原子序數(shù)等于每個(gè)原子的電子數(shù)或者相當(dāng)于每個(gè)原子核的質(zhì)子數(shù)。

11.單選題

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuade“說(shuō)服”；B選項(xiàng)concern“影響，牽扯”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止，使氣餒”。句意：不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而（）；他是那種喜歡對(duì)別人的行為吹毛求疵的人。本句表達(dá)的意思“不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而氣餒”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

2.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Abrokenfinger.

B.Aterriblecough.

C.Frontalheadaches.

D.Eyeproblem.

【答案】C

【解析】W:It’sMr.Cong,isn’tit?

M:That’sright.Isawyousixmonthsagowithabrokenfinger.

W:Yes,ofcourse.Andisthatallhealingwell?

M:It’sfine.

W:Whatcanwedoforyoutoday?

M:Well,I’vebeenhavingtheseheadachesinthefront,aboutmyeyes.Itstartedtwomonthsago.Theyseemtocomeonquitesuddenly,andIgetdizzyspellaswell.

Q:Whatisthetroubleinthemannow?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：I’vebeenhavingtheseheadachesinthefront,aboutmyeyes.即今天來(lái)看病是因?yàn)轭^痛，大概是眼睛周圍。

13.單選題

Therain（）ourspiritsbecausewewereplanningtogoforapicnic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decreased

B.dampened

C.moistened

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:下雨我們的熱情，因?yàn)槲覀儽緛?lái)要去野餐。Decreased降低，減少；dampened使...受挫；moistened弄濕；hampered妨礙。我們本來(lái)想去野餐，但是下雨妨礙了我們?nèi)ヒ安偷臒崆?。故選D。

14.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.letalone

D.lesslikely

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如今越來(lái)越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同樣的領(lǐng)域工作，更不必說(shuō)一直在同樣的公司工作。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。allelse其他所有;muchworse更糟糕的是;letalone更不用說(shuō)，聽任，不打擾；lesslikely最不可能的是，較少可能?？崭袂昂蟊硎具f進(jìn),故選C。

15.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspaperhasbroughtincreased______ofawiderrangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.manipulation操縱；控制B.reproduction生殖；復(fù)制

C.circulation流傳；（報(bào)刊）發(fā)行量D.penetration穿透；滲透

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息awiderrangeofpublications（大范圍的出版物）可知，空格處是指出版物的發(fā)行量，該題選擇C項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】美國(guó)報(bào)紙的新技術(shù)革命帶來(lái)了出版物發(fā)行量的增加和報(bào)紙工作崗位的增加。

16.單選題

Ahealthylifeisfrequentlythoughttobe（）withtheopencountrysideandhomegrownfood.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tied

B.bound

C.involved

D.associated

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)tied“系”；B選項(xiàng)bound“彈回；限制”；C選項(xiàng)involved“涉及；包括”；D選項(xiàng)associated“聯(lián)系”。句意：健康的生活往往被認(rèn)為與空曠的野外和自家的食物有……。Ahealthylife“健康的生活”與theopencountrysideandhomegrownfood“空曠的野外和自家的食物”是有關(guān)聯(lián)的。A，B，C選項(xiàng)均不與with搭配使用，可排除。betiedto“束縛于；捆綁于”；beboundto“必定會(huì)”；beinvolvedin“涉及；陷入”；beassociatedwith“與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”；因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.翻譯題

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses-fiction,biography,poetryweshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserve,andcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwist,andturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

【答案】既然書有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。這說(shuō)起來(lái)很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識(shí)。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說(shuō)必須真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會(huì)是一個(gè)好的開始。不要去強(qiáng)加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無(wú)法從書中獲得最大的價(jià)值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細(xì)入微的寓言和暗示便會(huì)讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來(lái)，把你帶到一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來(lái)要明確得多的東西。

18.填空題

Whatisdrug?Mostpeopleprobablythinkthereisaperfect

simpleanswertothisquestion.Infact,ifoneconductsaquicksurveyonanystreetcorner,onefindsthat,accordingtovastmajorityofpeople,therearetwogroupsofdrugs:thoseprescribedbydoctorsandthosepeopletakefornon-medical

use.Asmedicineandthemedicalprofessionsaregenerallyself-respectful,therearen’tanyobjectionstotheuseofprescribingdrugs.Whatmostpeopledon’trealizeisthatthoughprescribed

drugsareusuallybeneficial,theycanalsopresentaseriousproblem.Thereweremanypeopleaddictedbytranquillizersbeforedoctorsbegantoprescribethem:nowtherebeing

literallymillionswhodependonthem.Anacceptanceoftheuse

ofdrugsfornon-medicalreasonsislargelyamatterofa

culture.SomeEasternpeoplethinktheuseofalcoholwithhorror,mainlyasaresultofreligiousupbringing.However,thesesamepeoplefreelyusemarijuanawithoutasecondthought,andthis,inturnisn’tacceptedinwesternculture

whichacceptsalcohol.Inmostwesternsocieties,thetea-or-coffee-breakisnowapartoflife,andhugequantitiesofthesedrinksareconsumeddaily.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

【答案】1.【答案】perfect改為perfectly

2.【答案】∧vastmajorityofpeople加上the

3.【答案】andthose∧people加上which

4.【答案】self-respectful改為self-respected

5.【答案】prescribingdrugs改為prescribeddrugs

6.【答案】addictedby改為addictedto

7.【答案】therebeing改為thereare

8.【答案】Anacceptance改為Theacceptance

9.【答案】ofaculture去掉a

10.【答案】andthis改為whilethis

【解析】1.【解題思路】perfect是形容詞，后面的simple也是形容詞，而在英語(yǔ)中，只有副詞才能修飾形容詞，所以應(yīng)該把perfect改為perfectly。

2.【解題思路】此處特指接受街頭調(diào)查的大多數(shù)人，因此要添加定冠詞the。

3.【解題思路】those指代前文中出現(xiàn)的drugs，后面為定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞要在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，因此要補(bǔ)充關(guān)系代詞which。

4.【解題思路】self-respectful表示本身對(duì)別人表示尊重，self-respected表示本身受到別人尊重。該句表示“當(dāng)醫(yī)學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)職業(yè)本身受到尊重時(shí)，人們就不會(huì)反對(duì)使用處方藥”，所以要把self-respectful改為self-respected。

5.【解題思路】drug是動(dòng)作prescribe的受動(dòng)者，所以采用過(guò)去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)prescribeddrugs表示處方藥。因此，將prescribingdrugs改為prescribeddrugs。

6.【解題思路】addicted的搭配是beaddictedto，表示“對(duì)……上癮，沉溺于”，所以這里要將addictedby改為addictedto。

7.【解題思路】英語(yǔ)中冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容的解釋說(shuō)明，可以加短語(yǔ)也可以加完整的句子。題目中顯然是句子，而therebeing為非謂語(yǔ)，因此要將therebeing改為thereare。

8.【解題思路】acceptance在這里是特指對(duì)因非醫(yī)學(xué)原因使用藥物的接受，因此要用定冠詞the表示特指。所以將Anacceptance改為Theacceptance。

9.【解題思路】culture表示文明或者文化總稱時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，因此不用加冠詞a，所以應(yīng)該把a(bǔ)去掉。

10.【解題思路】根據(jù)前后句意“然而，這些人不假思索地隨意吸食大麻，這在接受酒精的西方文化中是不被接受的”可知，前后兩句存在對(duì)比關(guān)系，因此要用連詞while。所以要將and改為while。

19.單選題

Blackpeoplearebynomeans______whitepeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inferiorover

B.moreinferiorthan

C.inferiorto

D.moreinferiorto

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞用法。A選項(xiàng)inferiorover錯(cuò)誤，inferior不和over連用；B選項(xiàng)moreinferiorthan“更低劣的”，黑人和白人都不低劣，用比較級(jí)不符合語(yǔ)境；C選項(xiàng)inferiorto，beinferiortosb./sth.“較差的”，符合題意；D選項(xiàng)moreinferiorto用法錯(cuò)誤。句意：黑人一點(diǎn)也不比白人低劣。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Thecommandersaidtohistroopsthatundernocircumstances（）tostepacrosstheborder.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theenemyshouldbeallowed

B.shouldtheenemybeallowed

C.shouldallowtheenemy

D.theenemyshouldallow

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝。帶有否定意義的短語(yǔ)，其主謂部分要倒裝，首先向排除選項(xiàng)A和D。不被允許表被動(dòng)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：指揮官對(duì)他的部隊(duì)說(shuō)，在任何情況下都不允許敵人跨越邊境。

21.單選題

FromthebeginningoftheRepublic,Americanshaveenjoyedaccusingthefirstmagistrateofkinglyambition.Sometimesseriouslybutmoreoftenderisively,thepresidentisdenouncedasawould-beking,subvertingtheConstitutionforpersonalends.FromGeneralWashingtontothepresentincumbent,thewielderofpowerhasusuallybeenregardedwithsuspicion,adisagreeablebutnotunhealthystateofaffairsforbothgovernorandgoverned.Fewpresidents,however,havebeenaccusedofwantingtoestablishfamilydynasties,ifonlybecausemostpresidentshavefounditimpossibletoselectasuccessorofanysort,muchlesspromotearelative.ButnowsomethingnewishappeningintheRepublic,andastheChinesesay,weareliving“ininterestingtimes”.

In1960,withtheelectionofthethirty-fifthpresident,thefamousambitionofJosephP.Kennedyseemedatlastfulfilled.Hehimselfhadcomealongwayfromobscuritytogreatwealthandprominence;nowhiseldestsurvivingson,accordingtoprimogeniture,hadgonethefulldistanceandbecomepresident.Itwasatriumphforthepatriarch.Itwasalsoasplendidmomentforatleasthalfthenation.WhatdoubtsonemayhavehadabouttheKennedyswereobscuredbythecharmandintelligenceofJohnF.Kennedy.Heappearedtobebeautifullyontohimself;hewasalsoontous;thereisevenevidencethathewasontothefamily,too.Asaresult,therewerefewintellectualsin1960whowerenotbeguiledbythespectacleofapresidentwhoseemedalwaystobestandingatacertainremovefromhimself,watchingwithamusementhisownperformance.Hewasanironistinaprofessionwheretheprizeusuallygoestotheapparentcomball.Withsuchamanaschiefofstate,allthingswerepossible.Hewould“getAmericamovingagain”.

Butthenmysteriouslythethingwentwrong.Despitefinerhetoricandwisecommentary,despitetheglamorofhispresence,wedidnotmove,andifhistoriansarecorrectwhentheytellusthatpresidentsare“made”intheirfirsteighteenmonthsinoffice,thenonecanassumethattheKennedyadministrationwouldneverhavefulfilledourhopes,muchlesshisown.Kennedywasofcourseill-fatedfromthebeginning.TheBayofPigsusedupmuchofhiscreditinthebankofpublicopinion,whilehisattemptsatsociallegislationwereresolutelyblockedbyamorethanusuallyobstructiveCongress.InforeignaffairshewasoverwhelmedbythemasterfulKhrushchevandnotuntiltheCubanmissilecrisisdidheachievetacticalparitywiththatslygambler.Hisadministration’soneachievementwasthetest-bantreaty,anencouragingfootnotetothecoldwar.

YettodayKennedydeadhasinfinitelymoreforcethanKennedyliving.Thoughhisadministrationwasnotasuccess,hehimselfhasbecomeanexemplarofpoliticalexcellence.Partofthisphenomenonisattributabletotherace’sneedforheroes,evenindeflationarytimes.ButmostlythelegendisthedeliberatecreationoftheKennedyfamilyanditsclients.Wantingtoregainpower,itisnownecessarytoshowthatonceuponatimetherewasindeedaCamelotbesidethePotomac,agoldenageforeverlostunlessasecondKennedyshouldbecomethepresident.Andso,toensuretherestorationofthatlovelytime,thepastmustbetransformed,dullfactstranscended,andthedeadheroextolledinfilms,throughmemorials,andinthepagesofbooks.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmanyconsideredKennedyasapresidentialcandidate,（

）.

2.DuringKennedy’spresidency,the“bankofpublicopinion”

（

）.

3.TheauthorbelievesthattheAmericanpublic’swarinessofitsleader’sambitionforpoweris

（

）.

4.TheauthornotesthatAmericahasnotdevelopedlastingpoliticaldynasties

（

）.

5.FromthedescriptionofJohnF.Kennedyinthisessay,wemightseehimasforeshadowingthemodernpopularityof（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misgivingswerenullifiedbycharisma

B.hisinexperiencewasnotafactor

C.JosephP.Kennedy’sambitionswerefulfilled

D.theyfounditdifficulttodecidewhetherornottovoteforhim

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.overflowedbecauseoftheBayofPigs

B.constrainedafast-flowingriverofpopularcontentment

C.wasnegativelyaffectedbecauseoftheCongress

D.wasdepletedearly

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.prudent

B.jaundiced

C.indicativeofdisillusionment

D.quixotic

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becauseofdisenchantmentwiththeKennedypresidency

B.becauseofcongressionaloversight

C.forwantofpresidentialheirs

D.forpragmatic,ratherthanpractical,reasons

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.meta-humorandrecta-analysis

B.populistpoliticalmovements

C.intellectualdisenchantmentwithAmericanpolitics

D.realitytelevisionshows

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:

1.判斷推理題。題干中“whenmanyconsideredKennedyasapresidentialcandidate”是指肯尼迪競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)一事，因此答案也需要在相關(guān)內(nèi)容處找。第二段中第五句說(shuō)到“WhatdoubtsonemayhavehadabouttheKennedyswereobscuredbythecharmandintelligenceofJohnF.Kennedy”，約翰?f.肯尼迪的魅力和智慧掩蓋了人們對(duì)肯尼迪家族的懷疑，也就是A選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人魅力抵消了疑慮”表述內(nèi)容。

第2題:2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中關(guān)鍵詞“bankofpublicopinion”出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第四句“TheBayofPigsusedupmuchofhiscreditinthebankofpublicopinion”，豬灣事件耗盡了他在公眾輿論銀行的大部分信用。且前一句最后提到了時(shí)間點(diǎn)“fromthebeginning”。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“提前消耗”正確。

第3題:3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干中關(guān)鍵在于“美國(guó)公眾對(duì)其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的權(quán)力野心保持警惕”，這一點(diǎn)在文章第一段第一、二句中做了表述，美國(guó)民眾對(duì)于當(dāng)權(quán)者始終抱有懷疑的態(tài)度，或以嚴(yán)肅，或以嘲諷的語(yǔ)氣譴責(zé)當(dāng)權(quán)者想要顛覆憲法做國(guó)王（回到封建時(shí)期）。并且作者對(duì)此給出了評(píng)論“…adisagreeablebutnotunhealthystateofaffairsforbothgovernorandgoverned”，對(duì)大家來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一種令人討厭但并非不健康的狀態(tài)。對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的”；B選項(xiàng)jaundiced“有偏見的”；C選項(xiàng)indicativeofdisillusionment“醒悟的象征”；D選項(xiàng)quixotic“空想的”。綜合文意及選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第4題:4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由選項(xiàng)可知，本題需要找原因。題干中關(guān)鍵信息“Americahasnotdevelopedlastingpoliticaldynasties（美國(guó)沒有發(fā)展出持久的政治王朝）”,出現(xiàn)在文章第一段“Fewpresidents,however,havebeenaccusedofwantingtoestablishfamilydynasties,ifonlybecausemostpresidentshavefounditimpossibletoselectasuccessorofanysort”，可知原因在于大多數(shù)總統(tǒng)發(fā)現(xiàn)難以選擇繼任者。因此C選項(xiàng)“因缺少總統(tǒng)繼任者”正確。

第5題:5.判斷推理題。文章第二段說(shuō)到“Asaresult,therewerefewintellectualsin1960whowerenotbeguiledbythespectacleofapresident…”，肯尼迪在任時(shí)，大多數(shù)知識(shí)分子都為他著迷。第三段提到幻想破滅“thenonecanassumethattheKennedyadministrationwouldneverhavefulfilledourhopes,muchlesshisown”，肯尼迪政府永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的愿望，更不用說(shuō)他自己的了。由此可知，知識(shí)分子對(duì)美國(guó)政治不再抱有幻想，也就是C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器具，器械”；B選項(xiàng)accessory“配件，附件”；C選項(xiàng)machine“機(jī)器”；D選項(xiàng)mechanism“機(jī)制，原理，途徑”。句意：應(yīng)該有一種安全_____使火車不可能相撞。這里考查固定搭配safetymechanism“安全機(jī)制”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Thecentralthemesaroundwhichwehavewovenournarrativearethoseofmodernizationandrevolution.Theseprocessesofchangecanbeseeninthecrucialnineteenthcentury—(1)thegreatamountofspacedevotedtothat(2)inthistext—andpartlyweretheproductofoutsideinfluences.(3)fromtheoutsettherewasanongoingstrugglebetweenexternalforcesandinternaldifficultiesanddifferences,that(4)theoutcomeofChina’seffortstomodernize.Assuch,theseposedchallengesthatwerefargreaterthanthose(5)byotherstatesthatcamelatetomodernization,especiallyRussiaandJapan,countries(6)whichChina’sattemptsatmodernizationarefrequentlycompared.The(7)inwhichtheChineseemployedtheirpastto(8)thesechallengeshadaseminalinfluenceonthe(9)inwhichtheChinesestructuredtheirrevolutionand,webelieve,continuesto(10)heavilyonthecourseofeventsinChinatoday.

Modernizationisadifficultconcepttodefine.Thisispartly(11)thecomplexityofchangesassociatedwithitaswellasthewidevarietyofwaysinwhichnationshave(12)theexperience.Wedefinemodernizationhereastheprocessbywhichsocietiesmovefromarural,agrarianbaseto(13)industrialstructuresoflivingviathe(14)ofscience,technology,andrationalmodesofthought.Elementscommonly(15)withsuchrestructuringofthesocialorder(16)sustainedeconomicgrowth,specializationoflabor,increasedpubliceducation,broaderdistributionofincome,expandedlifeexpectancy,anincreasedreliance(17)bureaucracy,andmasspoliticalparticipation.Oncesetin(18),modernizationaffectsallpartsofacountry’ssocialstructureaswellasthe(19)ofitscitizens.Whensuchchangestakeplacerapidly,theynaturallyhavearevolutionary(20)onthesocietyundergoingtheexperience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.indeed

C.still

D.hence

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.period

B.session

C.route

D.line

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.When

B.Yet

C.While

D.Since

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.destroyed

B.controlled

C.shaped

D.helped

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.confronted

B.produced

C.welcomed

D.invited

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.along

B.against

C.to

D.with

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.design

B.manner

C.time

D.age

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.restate

B.confine

C.invent

D.overcome

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.ways

B.customs

C.orders

D.parts

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.carry

B.depend

C.weigh

D.put

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.withregardto

B.intermsof

C.dueto

D.thanksto

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.lookedforwardto

B.ledto

C.putupwith

D.gonethrough

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.cultural

C.social

D.urban

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.relation

B.application

C.contrast

D.regard

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.dealt

B.associated

C.grouped

D.locked

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.include

B.suggest

C.highlight

D.resemble

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.on

C.with

D.for

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.motion

B.sight

C.terms

D.time

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.pace

B.obligation

C.consciousness

D.road

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.sense

B.force

C.impact

D.power

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.though盡管B.indeed確實(shí)

C.still仍然

D.hence因此

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】上一句提到“這些變化過(guò)程可以在至關(guān)重要的19世紀(jì)看到（canbeseeninthecrucialnineteenthcentury）”，其中用到了crucial這個(gè)詞，說(shuō)明這一個(gè)時(shí)期特別重要；空格后面說(shuō)到“本文在這個(gè)方面用了大量的篇幅”，其中用到了greatamountof（大量的）一詞；綜合理解，我們可以知道，空格前后為因果的邏輯關(guān)系，因?yàn)?9世紀(jì)是至關(guān)重要的，所以用大量篇幅來(lái)描寫。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合句間邏輯。

【句意】因此本文用了大量篇幅……

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.period時(shí)期B.session會(huì)議，學(xué)期

C.route路線

D.line線條

【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)鍵詞同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

【解題思路】上一句提到“這些變化過(guò)程可以在至關(guān)重要的19世紀(jì)看到（canbeseeninthecrucialnineteenthcentury）”，其中nineteenthcentury（19世紀(jì)）相當(dāng)于是一段時(shí)間，所以period是對(duì)nineteenthcentury（19世紀(jì)）的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合上下文語(yǔ)義。

【句意】因此本文用了大量篇幅描述那個(gè)時(shí)期。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.When當(dāng)……的時(shí)候

B.Yet還，然而

C.While然而，當(dāng)……的時(shí)候D.Since因?yàn)?/p>

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】這一句是說(shuō)“從一開始，外部力量和內(nèi)部困難分歧就在不斷斗爭(zhēng)”，上一句提到的是“這些變化過(guò)程可以在至關(guān)重要的19世紀(jì)看到，并且部分是外部影響的產(chǎn)物”，可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)符合句間邏輯。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)不符合句間邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)多用于否定句中。

【句意】而從一開始，外部力量和內(nèi)部困難分歧就在不斷斗爭(zhēng)。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.destroyed毀滅，破壞B.controlled控制

C.shaped塑造，形成D.helped幫助

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】主語(yǔ)從句that指代的是前面的那件事，即“外部力量和內(nèi)部困難分歧在不斷斗爭(zhēng)”，賓語(yǔ)是“中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的成果（outcome）”，根據(jù)上文“外部力量和內(nèi)部困難分歧就在不斷斗爭(zhēng)”可推測(cè)出struggle（斗爭(zhēng)）對(duì)outcome（成果）應(yīng)該是破壞性的。因此，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子語(yǔ)義。

【句意】而從一開始，外部力量和內(nèi)部困難分歧就在不斷斗爭(zhēng)，使中國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的成果毀于一旦。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.confronted面對(duì)，面臨B.produced產(chǎn)生

C.welcomed歡迎D.invited邀請(qǐng)

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】空格前面的those指的是thosechallenges（這些挑戰(zhàn)），空格后面的byotherstates（其他國(guó)家）是空格處動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者，而states和challenges之間通常是“國(guó)家面臨挑戰(zhàn)”的關(guān)系，所以A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子語(yǔ)義。

【句意】因此，這些斗爭(zhēng)所帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其他現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程較晚的國(guó)家所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.along沿著B.against反對(duì)

C.to對(duì)D.with和

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】空格后的which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的countries，which指代countri