考研考博-英語-中國民航大學考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國民航大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

SupposeyouareapplyingforaPhDprogramataUKuniversity.ProfessorGothhaswrittenarecommendationletterforyouatyourrequest.YouarerequiredtowritealetterofthankstoProfessorGoth,whooncetaughtacourseinyourschoolandyouattendedthecourse.

1.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use“LiMing”instead.

3.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorGoth,

Doyoustillrememberme?IamLiMingfromChina.Thisyear,Ihavegotmydoctor’sdegreeinlinguisticsattheUniversityofReadingintheUnitedKingdom.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourhelpseveralyearsago.In2007,Iwasenrolledinyouruniversityandselectedlinguisticsasmyspecialty.Myresearchinterestthenwascasegrammar.Imetwithmanydifficultiesinmylearningprocess.Asmyteacher,youencouragedmeandenabledmetostrengthenmybeliefinlearningwelllinguistics,aboringsubjectconsideredbysomanystudents.Iadmiredyouverymuchbecauseyoucouldalwaysmakecomplicatedquestionssimplifiedwhileteachingusinclass.Underyourtutelage,Igotmymaster’sdegreeinlinguisticsin2009.Thatyear,Imadeupmymindtobeadoctoralcandidate.IappliedtotheUniversityofReading.YouwrotearecommendationletterformetoProfessorGorden,thedeanofLinguisticsDepartment,theUniversityofReading.Iowemysubsequentacademicsuccesstoyourtutelageandkindhelp,withoutwhich,Iwouldstillhavebeengropingmywayinthedarkness.SoI’llneverforgetyou,myrespectableprofessor.

Bestregards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

2.單選題

HowareNikeandStarbucksconnected?Botharebrands,perhapsNikebeingmorewell-known.Botharelifestyleproducts.BothhaveUSorigins.AndbothhavebenefitedfromtheexpertiseofbrandexpertScottBedbury.

WhenBedburyjoinedNikein1987,thecompanywasaUS$750millionbusiness.HedirectedNike’sworldwideadvertisingcampaignandlaunchedthe“Justdoit”theme.Whenheleftin1994,NikewasaUS$4billioncompany.

NowBedburyisseniorvicepresidentofmarketingatStarbucksCoffee,responsibleforbuildingtheUS$700millionSeattle9basedcompanyintoaglobalbrand.

Bedburyhassomebrand-buildingprinciples.

PrincipleOne:Agreatbrandisinitforthelonghaul.Thismeansthatcompaniesneedtorealizethatagreatbrandisanecessity,notluxury.Itmeansthatcompaniescannotfocusjustonshorttermfinancialreturnsandsacrificelong-termbrand-buildinginvestments.

PrincipleTwo:Agreatbrandcanbeanything.Nikedoesnotsimplyhavetobeshoesandapparels(服裝).Nikecantakeadvantageofthedeepemotionalconnectionthatpeoplehavewithsportsandfitness.Starbuckshastheopportunityforemotionalleverageascoffeehaswovenitselfintothefabricofpeople’slives.

PrincipleThree:Agreatbrandknowsitself.Thismeansfindingoutwhatneedtoenergizeandre-energizethebrandthroughsurprising,intriguingcampaignsrelatedtothebrand’scorepositioning.

PrincipleFour:Agreatbrandinvestorinventsorreinventsanentirecategory.AccordingtoBedbury,greatbrandaimstobeaprotagonist—itaddsagreatersenseofpurposetotheexperienceconsumershavewiththebrand.Nikehasaninformedopiniononwheresportsaregoing.

PrincipleFive:Agreatbrandtapsemotions.Productperformanceisgoodbutitistheemotionalconnectionthatmattersmost.There’salwaystheemotionalelementbehindeverychoice.Abrandthathelpsconsumersconnectwiththeirdreamsandaspirationsisboundtohavemorepowerfulemotionalbonding.

What’simportanttorememberisthatagreatbrandcantravelworldwide,transcendculturalbarriers.

1.Thispassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

2.TheattempttheauthormentionsNikeandStarbucksisto（）.

3.ThemainideaofPrincipleFiveisthat（）.

4.Thesentence“agreatbrandcanbeanything”inparagraph6impliesthat（）.

問題1選項

A.howtobuildagreatbrand

B.theimportanceofbuildingabrand

C.thedevelopmentofNike

D.howtomakeadvertisementappealing

問題2選項

A.indicatetheachievementofBedbury

B.takethemassuccessfulexamples,ofbrandbuilding

C.pointimportanceofthesetwocompaniesinAmerica

D.comparethedifferencebetweenthem

問題3選項

A.itisnotnecessarytopayattentiontoproductperformance

B.greatbrandsaresoimpressivetoconsumersthattheyappearintheirdreams

C.greatbrandswillinfluenceconsumers’emotions

D.emotionalappealingofaproductismorepowerfulthantheproductitself

問題4選項

A.agreatbrandismoreimportantthananythingelse

B.marketingagreatbrandaloneisenough

C.agreatbrandcanbethebrandofanyproduct

D.thefunctionofagreatbrandisveryimportant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文圍繞“如何打造品牌”展開敘述。開頭說到Nike和Starbucks都是受益于ScottBedbury才成為世界著名品牌的，重點講述了他對建立品牌有一些原則，文章最后再指出品牌的重要性。因此A選項“如何打造一個偉大的品牌”正確，符合題意。B選項“打造品牌的重要性”，只是小部分陳述，不能作為本文的主旨。C選項“耐克的發(fā)展”，文中不僅僅只談耐克的發(fā)展，可排除。D選項“如何使廣告具有吸引力”與題意不符。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。定位到第一段HowareNikeandStarbucksconnected?Botharebrands,perhaps…（耐克和星巴克是如何聯(lián)系在一起的？也許這兩個都是品牌。）AndbothhavebenefitedfromtheexpertiseofbrandexpertScottBedbury.（耐克和星巴克都是受益于斯科特?貝德伯里才成為世界著名品牌。）緊接著用第二段和第三段的數(shù)據(jù)說明了這點。第四段開始進入文章主題——貝德伯里建設(shè)品牌的幾大原則。由此可推理作者提出品牌耐克和星巴克的目的是作為成功“品牌建設(shè)”的好的例子，從而引出文章的主題。因此B選項“把它們作為品牌建設(shè)的成功范例”正確，符合題意。A選項“指出貝德伯里的成就”，C選項“指出這兩家公司在美國的重要性”，D選項“比較它們的差異”均不符合題意。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。由關(guān)鍵信息PrincipleFive定位到第九段Agreatbrandtapsemotions.Productperformanceisgoodbutitistheemotionalconnectionthatmattersmost.（一個偉大的品牌觸動情感。產(chǎn)品性能好，但最重要的是情感聯(lián)系。）There’salwaystheemotionalelementbehindeverychoice.（每個選擇的背后總是有情感元素。）Abrandthathelpsconsumersconnectwiththeirdreamsandaspirationsisboundtohavemorepowerfulemotionalbonding.（品牌，幫助消費者連接他們的夢想和愿望，一定要有更強大的情感聯(lián)結(jié)。）第五原則主要談論的是產(chǎn)品的情感吸引力對于品牌的重要意義。由此可推理產(chǎn)品的情感號召力比產(chǎn)品本身更重要。因此D選項“產(chǎn)品的情感吸引力比產(chǎn)品本身更強大”正確，符合題意。A選項“不必注意產(chǎn)品性能”；B選項“偉大的品牌給消費者留下了深刻的印象，以至于他們出現(xiàn)在他們的夢想中”，C選項“偉大的品牌會影響消費者的情緒”均不符合題意。故選D。

4.根據(jù)提示定位到第六段PrincipleTwo:Agreatbrandcanbeanything.原則二：一個偉大的品牌可以是任何東西。給出一個總結(jié)，然后結(jié)合耐克與星巴克進行論證。Nikedoesnotsimplyhavetobeshoesandapparels.（耐克不僅僅是鞋子和衣服。）Nikecantakeadvantageofthedeepemotionalconnectionthatpeoplehavewithsportsandfitness.（耐克可以利用人們的運動和健身，從而建立深厚的情感聯(lián)系。）隨著咖啡成為人們生活的必需，星巴克就有了情感影響力的機會。由此可知一個偉大的品牌，它的影響力是可以從內(nèi)向外，非常大的。因此D選項“一個偉大品牌的作用是非常重要的”正確，符合題意。A選項“一個偉大的品牌比任何其他都重要”，B選項“僅靠營銷一個偉大的品牌就足夠了”，C選項“一個偉大的品牌可以是任何產(chǎn)品的品牌”均不符題意。故選D。

3.問答題

Thesmallnumberofpotentialbuyersdoesnotprovideasufficientlylargemarketforthiskindofapparatus.(enough)

【答案】Thesmallnumberofpotentialbuyersdoesnotprovideenoughmarketforthiskindofapparatus.

4.單選題

Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly.Wheneveryciviliancarryawideattack,thenevensoldierswhoarenotnormallytrigger-happymaybegoadedbyfearintoharminginnocentpeople.Itisimportanttorealizethatstoppingthesuicideattackerbeforehe(orshe)commitshisattackisnexttoimpossible;hewillcertainlytrytodetonatehisexplosivesassoonasasoldierapproaches.

TheIsraeliarmyhasbeenforcedtodealwithsuicideattackersoverthepast20yearsinsouthernLebanon,aswellasmorerecentlyintheWestBankandGazastrip.TheIsraeliexperiencehasshownthattheonlyhopeofcounteringthisphenomenonliesinthwartingtheattackbeforetheattackersetsoutonhismission.

Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.

Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem.

InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission.

However,iftheintelligenceneededtodothisislacking,itfallstodefensivemeasurestostoptheattack,oratleasttominimizethedamage.Roadblocks,check-points,andsurpriseinspectionscanhelpinlocatingthesuicideattackerandpreventinghimfromreachinghistarget.Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks,byavoidingtheconcentrationofsoldiersinoneplaceorhousingcommandcentersinmulti-storybuildings.

Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.Thussomeonewishingtosurrendershouldbecheckedfromadistancetoseethatheisnotcarryingexplosives.Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.Allservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationshouldbesubjecttostringentsecuritychecks.

Themilitaryshouldalsobeawareofthepossibilityofmultiplesuicideattacks,whereexplosivesaredetonatedinsequenceinordertotargetfirstrespondersortoovercomeconsecutiveobstaclesinthewayofpenetrationofaprotectedspace.

Thepossibilityofsuicideoperationsonthemodernbattlefieldcomplicatesthemilitarycampaign,andrequiresawholedifferentmindsetfromthatneededforconventionalwarfare.Soldiersmustbemadeawareoftherisksandbereadytochangetheircollectivebehaviorinaccordancewiththechangingcircumstances,withoutplayingintotheenemy’shandsbytargetingthecivilianpopulation.

1.Thesuicidebombercommitssuicideto（）.

2.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Inpreventingtheoccurrenceofsuicideattacks,counter-terroristoperationrequires（）.

4.Whoisoftenthefirsttargetedkillingforthecounter-terroristoperations?

5.Themilitarymaywalkstraightintothebombers’trapifthey（）.

問題1選項

A.killhimself/herselfonly

B.revengeonthesoldiers

C.makethesoldiersseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly

D.killsomeinnocentpeopleoutofrage

問題2選項

A.thesuicidebombersarewellorganized

B.thesuicidebombersoftenactaloneandnobodyhelpthem

C.mostofthesuicidebomberscommittheirattacksoutofcrazymotivation

D.mostofthesuicidebombersaretrainedinsouthernLebanon

問題3選項

A.onewithaccurateintelligence

B.onewiththemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisively

C.onewhohastakeneveryprecautionnottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.Thesuicidebomber.

B.Thesuicidebomber’sleaders.

C.Thesurrender.

D.Thebombmaker.

問題5選項

A.greettheonewhowishestosurrenderwithcarefulchecks

B.arealertallthetime

C.allowvehiclestoenterdirectlyintoamilitarybaseorcheckpoint

D.putallservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationunderstringentsecuritychecks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊者的最終目標是迫使被襲擊的士兵做出反應，讓他們把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人，并做出相應的反應。A項表示“只是自殺”；B項表示“報復士兵”；D項表示“出于泄憤而殺害一些無辜的人”，都與原文不符。因此，只有C項“讓士兵把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人并相應地做出反應”符合原文表述，故本題正確答案為C項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊不是出于憤怒而單獨行動的“瘋狂”行為。相反，他只是由招聘者、情報收集員、炸彈制造者和訓練人員構(gòu)成的操作團體的冰山一角。由此可推測，自殺式炸彈襲擊者組織有序，故A項正確。B項表示“自殺炸彈襲擊者經(jīng)常單獨行動且沒人幫他們”；C項“大多數(shù)自殺炸彈襲擊者出于瘋狂的動機而進行襲擊”；D項表示“大多數(shù)自殺式炸彈襲擊者在黎巴嫩南部參加訓練”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段“Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem”可知，假如國家有準確的情報和軍事能力對與自殺式炸彈襲擊相關(guān)的人員采取果斷的行動，那么這些相關(guān)人員就易受反恐行動的攻擊。故A項“一個國家有準確的情報”和B項“一個國家有果斷行動的軍事能力”均正確。根據(jù)原文第六段“Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks”可知，一定要采取防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標，故C項“一個國家已采取所有可能的防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標”表述正確，因此，本題正確答案為D項“以上選項均正確”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission”可知，在以色列，此類反恐行動通常采取“定點清除”形式，打擊那些將自殺式炸彈襲擊者送上戰(zhàn)場的人，故B項“自殺炸彈襲擊者的領(lǐng)導者”符合題意。A項“自殺炸彈襲擊者”；C項“投降者”：D項“炸彈制造者”。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三段“Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.…Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.”可知，在應對平民時，一定要考慮陷阱。應該阻止車輛直接進入軍事基地或檢查站，故C項表述符合題干要求。A項“迎接在仔細檢查下想要投降的人”；B項“一直是警惕的”；D項“對本地居民提供的所有服務進行嚴格的安全檢查”。

5.單選題

Film-makersworkverycloselywithscientistswhoseworkstudyingthecomplexityofanimallivesisvitalforwildlifeconservation.

問題1選項

A.reservation

B.utilization

C.dedication

D.protection

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reservation預訂；保留地B.utilization利用，使用

C.dedication奉獻D.protection保護

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】與原詞搭配的是“野生動物”，原詞conservation“保護”，指野生動物保護，D選項protection“保護”，與原詞最接近。

【干擾項排除】

A選項reservation“預訂；保留地”，與原詞是形近詞，但兩者意義不同；

B選項utilization“利用，使用”，沒有依據(jù)，且利用野生動物，不符合語境；

C選項dedication“奉獻”，沒有依據(jù)，且奉獻野生動物，不搭配。

【句意】電影制作人與科學家密切合作，這些科學家研究動物生活的復雜性，對野生動物保護至關(guān)重要。

6.單選題

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

問題1選項

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.careless不仔細的，粗心的（沒有足夠的關(guān)注和思考）B.doubtful不確定的，懷疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless沒用的，無價值的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】sloppy的意思為“馬虎的，草率的（缺乏關(guān)心、思考或努力）”，在這里指研究的樣本太小，這樣的研究非常隨意，欠缺考慮，careless與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】憤怒的工程師們質(zhì)疑這項研究中小樣本的統(tǒng)計意義，并將其貼上草率的標簽。

7.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Fromdiepassagewecaninterthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

3.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

D.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

問題3選項

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題4選項

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機械中運轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實則是想表明人們相對于社會中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項C符合原文。

2.信息推理題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者認為這些人之所以焦慮是因為處于一個競爭激烈的社會之中,只有遠離了競爭激烈的社會,才會有真正幸福的生活。所以選項C正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者建議將官僚主義的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，使人能充分發(fā)揮他的潛力。選項C符合原文。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會中應發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項B正確。

8.單選題

Bartendersarerarelyshyaboutofferinganopinion.ButonarecenteveningattheFinboroughWineCafe,inbetweenpoursofBeaujolais,thebartenderVanBadhamwasmemorablyonpointaboutthenewplay“MirrorTeeth”beingperformedinanupstairsroom:AChristopher-Durang-meets-Caryl-Churchillsatireaboutracism,sexandcontrolintheBritishfamily.

Ms.Badham,itwaslaterrevealed,doublesastheliterarymanagerfortheFinboroughTheater,whichhasbeenatenantatthepubsince1980.NeilMcPherson,thetheater’sartisticdirectoranditsonlysalariedemployee,saidseveralcompanymemberstendedbartomakeendsmeet,giventhattheyarepaidbythetheateronlyifaproductionturnsaprofit.Nosuccessistoosmall:Heoncedoledout￡1.18toeachcrewmemberafteroneplayinthe50-seattheaterdidabitbetterthanbreakeven.

“Theactorsdon’tgetpaid,either,notusually，”Mr.McPhersonsaid,sittingonthesnugstageafter“MirrorTeeth”hadconcludedthatnight.“Butifyou’vebeenstuckinPhantom’for10yearsandyou’reaboutreadytoslityourwrists,andyoucravedoingsomeproperacting,youcandothathere.”

LikethestorefronttheatersceneinChicago,ortheoutdoorproductionsinparks,playgroundsandcarlotsacrossNewYorkinthesummer,pubtheatersareabelovedpartoftheplay-makingtraditioninEngland,especiallyLondon.TheirlineageextendstotheRestoration,whenactingtroupestookoveremptydiningroomsabovepubstoperformplaysofvulgarmaterialthatwentwellwithapint.LatertheVictorian-eramusichalls--awildlypopularamusementfortheworkingclasses—gottheirstartinsaloonbars.

Pubtheatersproliferatedinthe1970sand1980swiththeincreaseintheatercompaniesofyoungartistsandin-houseplaywrightswantingtodoseriousworkonshoestringbudgetsincloseproximitytoaudiences.

“Whatworksinourfavoristheintimacyoftheexperience，”saidTimRoseman，whosharesthejobofartisticdirectoratanotherpubspace,Theater503，withPaulRobinson.“Yougenuinelyfeelyouareinthesameroomastheactors,thatyoubreathethecharacters’air,andthismakesforanelectrifyingexperience.

Mr.Robinsonadded:“It’simpossibletocreatethatintensitywhenthereare1,000peoplewatching.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,VanBadhamwas（）.

2.ManypeoplejoinedtheFinboroughTheaterknowingthat（）.

3.ThelastpersononecanexpecttoseeperformingintheFinboroughTheaterwouldbesomeonewho（）.

4.LiketheoutdoortheatersceneplayedinsomecitiesintheU.S.,pubtheatersinLondon（）.

5.Sometheatercompaniespreferredpubtheatersbecauseoftheir（）.

6.AccordingtoMr.Robinson,peoplelikehim,whileworkingwithapubtheater,oftenhaveafeelingof（）.

問題1選項

A.unusualaboutremarkingon“MirrorTeeth”

B.lenientwiththeplaysperformedinherbar

C.fondofofferingopinionslikeherworkmates

D.infavourofthethemeofthenewplay

問題2選項

A.theyshouldservedrinksaswellasact

B.theywouldgetaverylimitedsalary

C.theymightworkwithoutbeingpaid

D.theymustmakethebusinessprofitable

問題3選項

A.hasvastnumbersoffans

B.wishestomakealiving

C.desirestobeagreatactor

D.fearsalargeaudience

問題4選項

A.canbeenjoyedwithadrinkofwine

B.canbetracedbacktothe17thcentury

C.tendtoperformplayswithrealisticthemes

D.appealespeciallytothelowerclasses

問題5選項

A.unfussyviewers

B.moderatecosts

C.greatpopularity

D.casualperformance

問題6選項

A.challenge

B.tension

C.excitement

D.desperation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句提到調(diào)酒師VanBadham關(guān)于新劇”MirrorTeeth”提出了自己的看法，這個看法讓人難忘（thebartenderVanBadhamwasmemorablyonpointaboutthenewplay“MirrorTeeth”beingperformedinanupstairsroom），由此可知她的觀點是與眾不同的，因此選項A符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到劇院只有藝術(shù)總監(jiān)一個人是帶薪員工，其他成員只有演出盈利時才會給他們報酬（NeilMcPherson,thetheater’sartisticdirectoranditsonlysalariedemployee,saidseveralcompanymemberstendedbartomakeendsmeet,giventhattheyarepaidbythetheateronlyifaproductionturnsaprofit），因此可知人們加入劇團的時候知道可能沒有薪酬，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是”人們可以期待最后一個在Finborough劇場表演的人會是什么樣的人”?？梢杂门懦ń鉀Q此題，選項B”希望能夠養(yǎng)家糊口”，根據(jù)文章可知在劇場工作是沒有固定薪資的，所以可以排除；選項C“期望成為一位偉大的演員”在文章中并沒有提及到相關(guān)內(nèi)容，排除；選項D”害怕觀眾很多”，文章倒數(shù)第二段提到與觀眾密切接觸對我們我好處（Whatworksinourfavoristheintimacyoftheexperience），由此可知并不會害怕觀眾，因此該項也可以排除。綜上，選項A符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。本題是拿美國大城市的戶外劇場與倫敦酒吧劇場作對比。文章第四段講述了酒吧劇場的歷史：酒吧劇場作為一種傳統(tǒng)創(chuàng)作在倫敦特別流行，劇團成員在酒吧空蕩蕩的餐廳進行表演，表演一些庸俗的戲劇，與一品脫酒相得益彰，是工人階級的娛樂方式（awildlypopularamusementfortheworkingclasses），由此可知去pubTheatre的人主要是一些下等人，因此選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。酒吧劇場在七十年代和八十年代數(shù)量增加，原因是青年演員和劇作家預算少，但是又想離觀眾近（youngartistsandin-houseplaywrightswantingtodoseriousworkonshoestringbudgetsincloseproximitytoaudiences.）

6.判斷推理題。文章第六段提到Mr.Robinson的觀點：你會真正感覺你和演員在同一房間里，呼吸著角色的空氣，這是一種振奮的體驗（Yougenuinelyfeelyouareinthesameroomastheactors,thatyoubreathethecharacters’air,andthismakesforanelectrifyingexperience），由此可知選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

問題1選項

A.blushing

B.crushing

C.brushing

D.flushing

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項blush“臉紅”；B選項crush“壓破，壓碎”；C選項brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗”。根據(jù)句意可知此處指用熱水沖洗，因此選D。句意：排污管被堵住了，試試用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。

10.單選題

Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoesbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.

ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.

Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.

1.Theword“exceeded”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans______.

2.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcast”(paragraph3)means______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,______isthekeyfactortomaking“Nowcasts”areality.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith______.

問題1選項

A.addedupto

B.weremorethan

C.wereabout

D.werelessthan

問題2選項

A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents

B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit

C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong

D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable

問題3選項

A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata

B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway

C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata

D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation

問題4選項

A.scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites

B.computerscientist

C.meteorologists

D.advancedcomputerprograms

問題5選項

A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta

B.what’sa“Nowcast”

C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodel