考研考博-英語-東莞理工學院城市學院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東莞理工學院城市學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Johnhassuch（）powerthathisfriendsalwaysbehaveinthewaythathewantsthemto.

問題1選項

A.convincing

B.feasible

C.operational

D.manipulative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項convincing“令人信服的，有說服力的”，B項feasible“可行的，可能的”，C項operational“操作的，運作的”，D項manipulative“巧妙處理的，操縱的”。根據(jù)空格后面的句意“他的朋友們總是按他所希望的那樣行事”可知，空格部分填入convincing最合適。句意：約翰很有說服力，他的朋友們總是按他所希望的那樣行事。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.單選題

Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequite（）inthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

問題1選項

A.lacked

B.lacking

C.forlackof

D.lackof

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識?？崭裉幵~語用來修飾前面的dance，所以是形容詞性。lack與dance之間是主動關系，因此應使用動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來修飾。因此B選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Althoughtheyhadsufferedheavylosses,theyrefusedto（）defeat.

問題1選項

A.concede

B.conserve

C.assert

D.conceal

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項concede“承認；退讓”；B選項conserve“保存；保護”；C選項assert“維護；宣稱”；D選項conceal“隱藏；隱瞞”。句意：盡管他們已經(jīng)遭受了巨大損失，他們卻拒絕……失敗。雖然損失慘大，但是他們卻還是不愿意認輸。因此A選項符合題意。

4.單選題

Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.Itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.Thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.

Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.AndIknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,Iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,oftheindividualsof-asingle-species.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcompriseourmindare（）.

2.Thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）

3.Abouthimself,theauthorstatesthat（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthortheabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.

問題1選項

A.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind

B.preciseofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

C.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought

D.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought

問題2選項

A.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn

B.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil

C.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense

D.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson

問題3選項

A.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons

B.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherswassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience

C.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseof,thegreatmajorityofpersons

D.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmorethanaverageinanyway

問題4選項

A.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate

B.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings

C.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality

D.asenseofreason

問題5選項

A.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures

B.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons

C.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers

D.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干及選項可定位到第二段"Ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen."事實上，我常常希望我的思維能像別人一樣敏捷，我的想象力能像別人一樣精確而鮮明，我的記憶力能像別人一樣豐富而迅速。據(jù)此可知memory,imagination和thought是構成思維的三大因素。故D項正確。

2.主旨大意題。由第一段"Goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready."良好的判斷力是世界上最公平分配的東西，因為每個人都認為自己擁有良好的判斷力，即使是那些在其他方面最難滿足的人，通常也不希望自己擁有更多的判斷力?？芍谝欢沃饕v述了世界上的每個人的判斷力都是平等的。A項“所有人在出生時都享有同等的善意”與原文不符；B項“偉大的靈魂能夠做出偉大的壞事”原文沒提到；C項“良好的判斷力，從它在人群中被分配的情況看，可以被叫做常識。”與第一段的主旨大意相符。D項“良好的判斷力是真正的好人的標志”第一段沒有提到。故C項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第二段第一句"Formypart,Ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway."就我而言，我從來沒有設想過自己的智力在任何方都比一般人更完美?！笨芍狣項正確。ABC三項均與原文表述相反。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第二段"forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts…"因為理性，或者說理智，就其本身而言，使我們成為人，使我們與禽獸區(qū)別開來。據(jù)此可知使人與禽獸有區(qū)別的是理性或理智，故D項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第一段"itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,"相反，它表明了正確判斷和區(qū)分真?zhèn)蔚哪芰?，也就是所謂的良好的感覺或理性，對于所有人來說天生就是平等的。故B項正確。

5.單選題

Didyounoticethe（）onthedoctor'sfacewhenheardthatKinohadfoundthepearloftheworld?

問題1選項

A.appearance

B.expression

C.description

D.look

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項A：appearance“外貌，外觀”；選項B：expression意為“臉色，表現(xiàn)，表情，態(tài)度，腔調(diào)”；選項C：description“描述，描寫，類型，說明書”；選項D：look意為“樣子，面容，看”。根據(jù)題意，本題選項B更符合題意，正確。句意：聽說Kino找到了世界明珠之后，你注意到醫(yī)生臉上的表情了嗎?

6.單選題

Ifyoudon’twanttotalktohim,I’llspeaktohim（）.

問題1選項

A.onyourbehalf

B.onyouraccount

C.foryourpart

D.inyourinterest

【答案】A

【解析】名詞性短語含義辨析。onone’sbehalf“為...的利益,代表”;onone’saccount“為了某人”;forone’spart“就某人來說”;inone’sinterest“符合某人利益”。句意:如果你不想和他談,我就代表你去和他說。選項A符合句意。

7.單選題

Thediscoveryofthesunkenship（

）ancientshipbuildingtechniquesandtradingroutes.

問題1選項

A.madesenseof

B.tookchargeof

C.gotaroundto

D.shedlighton

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞組辨析。madesenseof弄清……的意思；tookchargeof負責，接管；gotaroundto開始考慮做……；shedlighton使……清楚地顯出。句意：沉船的發(fā)現(xiàn)為人們對古代造船技術和航運貿(mào)易路線的研究提供了線索。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheearth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport:"Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

1.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat（

）.

2.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"paralysisbyanalysis"(Line3,Paragraph4)?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?

5.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

問題2選項

A.aprotector

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aguide

問題3選項

A.Endlessstudieskillaction.

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

C.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

問題4選項

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation

C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch

D.Takesomelegislativemeasures

問題5選項

A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第一段中smokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure可知A選項說法過于絕對；由overthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves可知與B選項不符，死亡人數(shù)很多；由LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense可知與D選項不符，胡說八道的人是支持吸煙的人；采用排除法，因此選C。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture（但科學確實為我們提供了關于未來的最佳指南）可知選D。

第3題:詞義題。A選項意為“沒完沒了研究阻礙了行動”；B選項意為“仔細的調(diào)查揭示了真相”；C選項意為“謹慎的規(guī)劃阻礙了進展”；D選項意為“廣泛的研究幫助決策”。由文章第四段中Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.（他們沒有制定行動計劃，而是繼續(xù)要求進行更多的研究——典型的paralysisbyanalysis）可知A選項最符合句意。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.（但僅靠研究是不夠的。如果政府不采取立法行動，國會應該幫助制定保護措施）可知選D。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章第一段講了吸煙的危害以及人們的忽視造成的后果，第三段講了全球變暖就像之前的吸煙問題一樣，沒有得到人們的重視，一旦有百分之百的證據(jù)時，所造成的后果是很危險的，因此B選項“后者的教訓適用于前者”符合題意。

9.單選題

Thereistoogreata（

）ofalcoholinBritain.

問題1選項

A.consumption

B.destruction

C.absence

D.transmission

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。consumption“消費；消耗”；destruction“破壞；毀滅”；absence“缺乏；缺席”；transmission“傳動裝置;傳送”。句意：英國的酒精消耗太大了。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

Patrickhasneverlearnedaforeignlanguage,______.

問題1選項

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto

B.neitherhethinkshehasto

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either

D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto他也不認為他有必要B.neitherhethinkshehasto他也不認為他有必要

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either他認為他也沒必要D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto他認為他沒必要

【考查點】表否定的用法。

【解題思路】由never可知，空格前半句表示否定的含義，所以如果后半部分表示“……也一樣”應該用nor（也不是……）；且nor也是否定詞，放在句首要部分倒裝，故把情態(tài)動詞或者助動詞提前，A項符合。

【干擾項排除】

B選項neither表示“兩者中沒有一個”，不符合句意，排除；

C選項either一般用于肯定句中；

D選項沒有連接詞and，不能與前面的主句構成一個句子。

【句意】帕特里克從來沒有學過一門外語，他也不認為他必須學。

11.單選題

Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.Androgynistpoetics,rootedinmid-Victorianwomen’swriting,contendsthatthecreativemindissexless,butfromthe1970son,manyfeministcriticsrejectedtheideaofthegenderless,mind,findingthattheimaginationcannotevadeconsciousorunconsciousstructuresofgenderwhichispartofculture-determinationwhereseparatingimaginationfromtheselfisimpossible.

TheFemaleAesthetic,expressingauniquefemaleconsciousnessinliterature,spokeofthe“femalevernacular,theMotherTongue,apowerfulbutneglectedwomen’sculture”.VirginiaWoolfdiscusseshowawomanwriterseekswithinherself“thepools,thedepths,thedarkplaceswherethelargestfishslumber”,inevitablycollidingagainstherownsexualitytoconfront“somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions”.Accessibletomenandwomenalike,butrepresentingfemalesexualmorphology,thismethodsoughtawayofwritingwhichliterallyembodiedthefemale,therebyfightingthesubordinating,linearstyleofclassificationordistinction.

ItmustbeadmittedthatthereareproblemswiththeFemaleAestheticthatfeministcriticsthemselvesrecognized.Forinstance,theyavoideddefiningexactlywhatconstitutedtheirwritingstyle,asanydefinitionwouldthencategorizeitandsafelysubsumeitasagenreunderthelinearpatriarchalstructure—itsveryrestlessnessandambiguitydefiedidentificationaspartofitsidentity.SomefeministsandwomenwriterscouldfeelexcludedbythesurrealityoftheFemaleAestheticanditsstressonthebiologicalformsoffemaleexperience,whichalsobearcloseresemblancetoessentialism.Menmaytrytheirhandatwritingwoman’sbodies,butaccordingtothefeministcritique,onlyawomanwhoseverybiologygaveheranedgecouldreadthesetextssuccessfully—apositionwhich,worstofall,riskedmarginalizationofwomen’sliteratureandtheory.

Later,Gynocriticsattemptedtoresolvesomeoftheseproblems,byagreeingthatwomen’sliteraturelayasthecentralconcernforfeministcriticismbutrejectingtheconceptofanessentialfemaleidentityandstyle,whilesimultaneouslyseekingtoreviseFreudianstructuresbyemphasizingaPre-Oedipalphasewhereinthedaughter’sbondtohermotherinscribesthekeyfactoringenderidentity.MatriarchalvaluesdissolveintergenerationalconflictsandbuilduponafemaletraditionofliteratureratherthanthestruggleofOedipusandLaisatthecrossroads.Lastlyandmostpromisinginitsachievementofadelicatebalancearedevelopmentsofanover-archinggendertheory,whichconsidersgender,bothmaleandfemale,asasocialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences.Gendertheoryproposestoexploreideologicalinscriptionandtheliteraryeffectsofthesex/gendersystem,openinguptheliterarytheorystageandbringinginquestionsofmasculinityintofeministtheory.Takinggenderasafundamentalanalyticcategorybringsfeministcriticismfromthemargintothecenter,thoughitrisksdepoliticizingthestudyofwomen.

30.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizesthecontentofthepassage?

31.TheauthorspecificallymentionsallofthefollowingissuesthathavebeenconsideredintheevolutionoffeministliterarycriticismEXCEPT（）.

32.Theauthorrefersto“thelargestfish”(Paragraph2)primarilyinorderto（）.

33.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestriskposedbythefeministtheories,liketheFemaleAesthetic,whichposittheexistenceofan“essential”ornon-constructedgenderisin（）.

34.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorwoulddefinethe“delicatebalance”mentionedinthelastparagraphastheequilibriumbetween（）.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldmostlikelydescribetheevolutionoffeministliterarytheoryas（）.

問題1選項

A.AHistoricalOverviewofFeministLiteraryCriticism

B.EstablishingNewFeministConceptsofGender

C.ThePrecariousFeministCompromiseinPoliticsandArt

D.ANewTheoryofLiteraryCriticism

問題2選項

A.theplaceofwomenintheliterarycanon

B.thequestionofcultureindetermininggender

C.theroleofFreudintheorizinggenderidentity

D.theeffectofbiologicaldifferencesontextualstyle

問題3選項

A.suggestarefugefromthelonghistoryofsexistliterarycriticism

B.offerasenseofpoliticalpurposethatcanonlybeawakenedthroughliterature

C.articulatethepossibilityforescapefromtheconfinesofgenderedidentity

D.referenceauniquefeministidentitythatmustbeextractedsomehowfromthebody

問題4選項

A.creatingadead-endforfeministliterarycriticismbyattackingthenotionofanandrogynistpoetics

B.reinforcingsexistnotionsthatwomencannotemulatetheliterarystyleofmen

C.pushingfeministwritingoutofthemainstreambyarguingthatmenareunabletofullycomprehendwomen’swriting

D.relyingtooheavilyonthetheoriesofFreud,underwhichidentityistheproductofbiology

問題5選項

A.establishingtiesbetweengenerationsofwomenwritersandfightingpatriarchalinfluence

B.assigningtheproperweighttotheconceptofgenderassociallyconstructedandbiologicallyinherited

C.activelyfightingandpassivelydocumentingtheliteraryeffectsofthesex/gendersystem

D.avoidingmarginalizationonthepoliticalfringesandde-politicizationinthepoliticalmainstream

問題6選項

A.agradualmovementfromtheideaofgenderlesswritingtoawritingthatoriginatesinthewoman’sbody

B.ashiftbetweenadversarialcriticismtomoretolerantvarietiesofcriticism

C.aregularfluctuationbetweentheideaofgenderlessandgenderedwritingthatgraduallysettlesonacompromise

D.amoreorlessconstantpursuitofthegoalofestablishingauniquenicheforwomen’sliterature

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】30.主旨大意題。通讀全文，發(fā)現(xiàn)作者的寫作脈絡都是圍繞“FeministLiteraryCriticism”,原文首段是說Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.（女權主義評論者在性別對創(chuàng)造力和演繹能力的作用上存在爭議）文第二段是說TheFemaleAesthetic,expressingauniquefemaleconsciousnessinliterature,（女性審美在文學上表達出一種獨特的女性意識）；原文第三段是說ItmustbeadmittedthatthereareproblemswiththeFemaleAestheticthatfeministcriticsthemselvesrecognized.（女權主義評論者認識到并且承認女性審美存在一些問題）；原文第四段是說Later,Gynocriticsattemptedtoresolvesomeoftheseproblems（女性評論者試著解決其中的一些問題）?？梢?，全文應為“女性文學評論的歷史概述”。即可得出本題答案。

31.細節(jié)判斷題。選項A可定位至第二段第一句；選項B可定位至第三段；選項C可定位至第四段，選項D文中未提及。從而得出本題答案。

32.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點定位到原文第二段第二句VirginiaWoolfdiscusseshowawomanwriterseekswithinherself“thepools,thedepths,thedarkplaceswherethelargestfishslumber”,inevitablycollidingagainstherownsexualitytoconfront“somethingaboutthebody,aboutthepassions”（弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫（VirginiaWoolf）探討了一位女作家如何在自己內(nèi)心尋找“池塘、深處、最大的魚睡覺的黑暗地方”，不可避免地與自己的性欲發(fā)生沖突，以面對“有關身體和激情的某些東西”。）根據(jù)“ownsexuality”,“thebody”,“thepassions”等信息判定“thelargestfish”指的是選項D。從而得出本題答案。

試題答案D

33.

信息推斷題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“thegreatestrisk”，將信息點定位到原文第三段最后一句Menmaytrytheirhandatwritingwoman’sbodies,butaccordingtothefeministcritique,onlyawomanwhoseverybiologygaveheranedgecouldreadthesetextssuccessfully—apositionwhich,worstofall,riskedmarginalizationofwomen’sliteratureandtheory.（女性主義批評認為只有女性才能夠解讀女性寫作的文本，而這一立場帶來的最大的風險是將女性文學與理論邊緣化）即可得出本題答案。

34.

細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“delicatebalance”，將信息點定位到原文最后一段第三句“Lastlyandmostpromisinginitsachievementofadelicatebalancearedevelopmentsofanover-archinggendertheory,whichconsidersgender,bothmaleandfemale,asasocialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences.（最后，在實現(xiàn)微妙的平衡方面最有希望的是一種包羅萬象的性別理論的發(fā)展，該理論認為性別，包括男性和女性，是建立在生理差異基礎上的社會結構。）根據(jù)“considersgender”“socialconstructionbuiltonbiologicaldifferences”即可得出本題答案。

35.信息歸納題。本文主要關于女性文學評論的歷史發(fā)展，根據(jù)原文第一段第一句Feministcriticshavelongdebatedtheextenttowhichgenderplaysaroleinthecreationandinterpretationoftexts.（長期以來，女權主義批評家一直在爭論性別在文本的創(chuàng)作和解釋中所起的作用。），最后一段的“adelicatebalance”即可得出本題答案。

12.單選題

Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.

Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.

Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.

Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?

3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT（）.

4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare（）.

5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton（）.

問題1選項

A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates

B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState

問題2選項

A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.

B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.

C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.

D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.

問題3選項

A.povertyelimination

B.taxpolicy

C.rejuvenationofinnercities

D.spaceexploration

問題4選項

A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues

B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues

C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues

D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues

問題5選項

A.governanceinnovation

B.jurisdictionparticipation

C.landreform

D.olderestablishedareas

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章第一段主要列舉的大量的實例說明新興的聯(lián)盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了這些新興聯(lián)盟的任務和工作。第三段講到了新興聯(lián)盟在交通和土地使用問題上發(fā)揮作用。最后一段主要表達了政府也開始關注這些社會上的新興力量。所以正篇文章圍繞新興的聯(lián)盟展開。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”，可知農(nóng)民和農(nóng)村活動人士都意識到，不協(xié)調(diào)的郊區(qū)擴張會帶來不必要的成本。所以城市發(fā)展的問題在于郊區(qū)不協(xié)調(diào)而不受控制的擴張。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，可知他們選擇修復現(xiàn)有的基礎設施，投資公共交通，保護開放空間，而不是修建更多的道路?？膳袛喑鏊麄冴P心的問題是關于保留空間，而不是空間的探索利用。選項D符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，列舉了查塔努加、波特蘭和圣路易斯的領導人在交通和土地方面的措施，進一步說明了新城市聯(lián)盟對交通和土地利用問題方面產(chǎn)生影響。選項C符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”，可知幾個州府已經(jīng)意識到新都市政治的力量，并正在采取各種改革措施來給予支持。然后下文繼續(xù)列舉并介紹了州府采取的改革和管理措施。選項A符合題意。

13.問答題

Identityisabouthowwedefinewhoweare.Literally,bothidentityandtheselfmean“thesameas”.Inculturaltheoryidentityisusedtodescribetheconsciousnessofselffoundinthemodernindividual.Themodernselfisunderstoodtobeautonomousandself-critical.TheGermanphilosopherG.W.F.Hegelsawindividualism,therighttocriticismandautonomy