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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川鐵道職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.harmonious
B.energetic
C.capable
D.harsh
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmonious“和諧的”;B選項(xiàng)energetic“精力充沛的”;C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”;D選項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的”。句意:在購(gòu)買(mǎi)這套公寓之前,這對(duì)夫婦想要確保他們有能和諧相處的鄰居。劃線部分compatible是和諧相處的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
2.單選題
CMOmarAbdullahtodaysaidhisgovernmenthastheauthoritytorevokethecontroversiallawandsoughtaworkablesolutionfromtheArmy.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.amend
B.convert
C.cancel
D.adjust
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.amend修正,修訂(法律文件、聲明等)B.convert(使)轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換
C.cancel撤銷(xiāo),取消,廢除(具有法律效力的協(xié)議)D.adjust調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié)
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。
【解題思路】revoke的意思為“廢除,使無(wú)效”,和law構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系,指的是廢除有爭(zhēng)議的法律,cancel與之詞義相近,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。
【句意】首席部長(zhǎng)奧馬爾?阿卜杜拉今天表示,他的政府有權(quán)撤銷(xiāo)這一有爭(zhēng)議的法律,并且從軍方尋求可行的解決方案。
3.單選題
CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.obstructed
B.quipped
C.grunge
D.wrecked
【答案】A
【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstructed“阻塞,妨礙,遮住”;B選項(xiàng)quipped“嘲弄,譏諷”;C選項(xiàng)grunge“(僅為名詞)蹩腳貨,乏味的東西,難看的東西”;D選項(xiàng)wrecked“破壞,毀滅,(使)船舶失事,(使)遭遇沉船,毀船打劫,遭遇(船舶)失事,拆除”。句意:像卡西迪那樣,把所有的好事都?xì)w功于奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo),把所有的壞事都?xì)w功于共和黨的阻撓,這可能不是完全誠(chéng)實(shí)的,但它確實(shí)有相當(dāng)大的好處,讓奧巴馬擺脫了競(jìng)選時(shí)被共和黨的欺凌所束縛的軟弱無(wú)能的負(fù)擔(dān)。Stymy“阻撓,妨礙”,A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Changesinresidenceandjobsplaceatremendous(1)ofstressandpressureonpeople
(2)
theytrytoadjustthemselvestonewpeopleandplaces.Yettransientrelationshipsarenot
(3)
onlytopeopleandplaces.Objectsmoveinandoutofourlivesatanastonishingrate.America,the“consumersociety”,hasalso
(4)
thename‘thethrowawaysociety”.Everyyearwethrowaway
(5)
quantitiesofbottles,cans,paper,andonandon.Buildingsaretom
(6)
aroundus,andnewonestaketheirplace,fortheyare
(7)
toreplacethantorepair.
(8)everymajorchange,ourplacesfeel
(9)
familiar.Ourlivesbecomefilledwithasenseofimpermanenceanduncertainty.
Therateatwhichnewandsometimescontradictoryinformationcomesatus
(10)
contributestoourfeelingsofinstabilityandtransience.It’sestimatedthat90percentofallscientistswhoeverlivedare
(11)
today.Newscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeverydayoftheweek,(12)
unlikeinotherages,newideasarequicklyinpracticalways.The(13)
ofnewtechnologyonourlivesisfeltalmostimmediately.
Aswelook
(14)
onhistory,wethinkintermsoflargeperiodsoftime,fromthetenthousandyearsoftheagriculturalrevolutiontothethreehundredyearsoftheindustrial
(15)
.Todaytime
(16)
likeit'saccelerating.Wenolonger
(17)
tothinkofchangeintermsofcenturies
(18)
intermsof
(19)
:the1960s,1970sand1980s.Thedaymaycomewhenwethinkofgreat
(20)
ofhistoricalchangeintermsofyears,evenmonths.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.number
B.amount
C.sum
D.series
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.until
B.since
C.as
D.sothat
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.adapted
B.referred
C.applied
D.limited
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.earned
B.taken
C.given
D.called
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.credible
B.incredible
C.credulous
D.incredulous
問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)
A.away
B.up
C.off
D.down
問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)
A.faster
B.lighter
C.cheaper
D.better
問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)
A.In
B.By
C.With
D.Through
問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)
A.less
B.more
C.quite
D.too
問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)
A.even
B.ever
C.farther
D.further
問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)
A.alive
B.dead
C.long-lived
D.short-lived
問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)
A.so
B.but
C.for
D.or
問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)
A.result
B.force
C.influence
D.impression
問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)
A.down
B.round
C.out
D.back
問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)
A.date
B.age
C.time
D.day
問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)
A.feels
B.looks
C.should
D.would
問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)
A.manage
B.incline
C.tend
D.intend
問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)
A.butrather
B.orrather
C.wouldrather
D.ratherthan
問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)
A.pentathlons
B.decathlons
C.pentads
D.decades
問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)
A.deals
B.periods
C.times
D.portions
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:B
第6題:D
第7題:D
第8題:C
第9題:A
第10題:D
第11題:D
第12題:B
第13題:C
第14題:D
第15題:B
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:A
第19題:D
第20題:D
【解析】(1)量詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)anumberof意為“大量的”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;B選項(xiàng)aamountof意為“大量的”,后面可以跟不可數(shù)名詞;C選項(xiàng)asumof意為“總計(jì),合計(jì)”;D選項(xiàng)aseriesof意為“一系列的”??蘸蟮膕tressandpressure為不可數(shù)名詞所以B選項(xiàng)正確,atremendousamountof...數(shù)目非常巨大的。
(2)連詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)until表示“直到…”;B選項(xiàng)since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中;C選項(xiàng)as一般引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示原因或者表示“正如,好像”;D選項(xiàng)sothat通常引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或目的狀語(yǔ)從句。本句句意為“居住地和工作地的改變給人們帶來(lái)了巨大的壓力因?yàn)樗麄円ψ屪约哼m應(yīng)新的人和新的環(huán)境。”根據(jù)句意確定是因果關(guān)系,C選項(xiàng)正確。
(3)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“適應(yīng)于”;B選項(xiàng)refer“參考,查閱”;C選項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用于”;D選項(xiàng)limit“限制,局限”。根據(jù)本句開(kāi)頭的yet可知句意轉(zhuǎn)折,因此句意為“然而這種短暫的關(guān)系不僅僅對(duì)人和地方有限制”。D選項(xiàng)正確。
(4)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺錢(qián),掙得,獲得”;B選項(xiàng)take“攜帶”;C選項(xiàng)give“給予”;D選項(xiàng)call“呼叫”。本句句意為“美國(guó),又稱(chēng)‘消費(fèi)合作社’,也獲得一個(gè)名字叫做‘東西用過(guò)就扔的社會(huì)’。”A選項(xiàng)正確。
(5)形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的,可信的”;B選項(xiàng)incredible“不可靠的,不可信的”;C選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的”;D選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的,不輕信的”。句意為“每年我們都扔掉難以置信的數(shù)量的瓶子、罐子、紙等等”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)量大得驚人,讓人難以置信,B選項(xiàng)正確。
(6)固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。torn是tear的過(guò)去分詞,A選項(xiàng)tearaway“疾馳”;B選項(xiàng)tearup“撕毀,撕碎”;C選項(xiàng)tearoff“撕下,撕掉”;D選項(xiàng)teardown“拆卸,撕毀”。本句是指很多建筑物被拆掉然后新的又重新建起,強(qiáng)調(diào)拆建筑物,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(7)形容詞比較級(jí)辨析。A選項(xiàng)faster“更快”;B選項(xiàng)lighter“更輕”;C選項(xiàng)cheaper“更便宜,更廉價(jià)”;D選項(xiàng)better“更好”。句意“我們周?chē)慕ㄖ锉徊鸬?,然后新的建筑物又在原地重建,因?yàn)樗鼈儽绕鹬匦?,重建更好些?!盌選項(xiàng)正確。
(8)介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;B選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò),被……”;C選項(xiàng)with“伴隨,有…”;D選項(xiàng)through“通過(guò)”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化,我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?!盋項(xiàng)選表示伴隨正確。
(9)副詞比較級(jí)辨析。A選項(xiàng)less“更少”;B選項(xiàng)more“更多”;C選項(xiàng)quite“相當(dāng),很”;D選項(xiàng)too“也”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化,我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?!币簿褪钦f(shuō),隨著周?chē)牟粩嘧兓?,熟悉感就?huì)越來(lái)越少,A選項(xiàng)less表示更少正確。
(10)副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)even“甚至”;B選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”,多用于完成時(shí)態(tài);C選項(xiàng)farther“更遠(yuǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)further“更深一層”。本句句意為“新的有時(shí)候也充滿(mǎn)矛盾的信息不斷涌向我們的頻率更加深了我們的不穩(wěn)定感和無(wú)常感?!贝颂帍?qiáng)調(diào)程度深,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(11)形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alive“活著的,活潑的,有生氣的”;B選項(xiàng)dead“無(wú)生命的,呆板的”;C選項(xiàng)long-lived“長(zhǎng)命的,歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)久的”;D選項(xiàng)short-lived“短命的”。句意為“據(jù)報(bào)道所有的科學(xué)家中有90%壽命很短?!盌選項(xiàng)正確。
(12)連詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)so表示因果關(guān)系;B選項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;C選項(xiàng)for表示因果關(guān)系;D選項(xiàng)or表示選擇關(guān)系以及“否則”的意思。本句句意為“新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)每周每天都在創(chuàng)造,但是不像在其他時(shí)代一樣,新的想法很快就付諸實(shí)踐了?!鼻昂缶湟廪D(zhuǎn)折,B選項(xiàng)正確。
(13)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”;B選項(xiàng)force“力量”;C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”;D選項(xiàng)impression“效果,印象,印記,感想”。句意為“我們生活中的新科技的影響幾乎立刻就能感知到?!盋選項(xiàng)正確。
(14)固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與look搭配意為:A選項(xiàng)lookdown“輕視”;B選項(xiàng)lookround“環(huán)顧四周”;C選項(xiàng)lookout“小心,向外看”;D選項(xiàng)lookbackon“回顧,回憶”。句意“隨著我們回顧歷史……”,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(15)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)date“日期”;age“年代,年齡”;C選項(xiàng)time“時(shí)間,時(shí)代”;D選項(xiàng)day“天,每天”。此處與空前的theagriculturalrevolution“農(nóng)業(yè)改革”相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是“工業(yè)時(shí)代”,“theindustrialage”,B選項(xiàng)正確。
(16)動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feels“感覺(jué)”;B選項(xiàng)looks“看”,與like搭配意為“看起來(lái)像”;C選項(xiàng)should“應(yīng)該”;D選項(xiàng)would“想要”。句意為“當(dāng)今時(shí)代看起來(lái)好像是加速的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。
(17)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)manage“管理,控制”;B選項(xiàng)incline“使傾斜,傾斜于”;C選項(xiàng)tend“傾向”;D選項(xiàng)intend“打算,有打算”。本句句意為“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代,20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?!眛endtodosth.意為“傾向于做某事”,C選項(xiàng)正確。
(18)固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)butrather“而是,而寧可說(shuō)是";B選項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說(shuō),不如說(shuō)”;C選項(xiàng)wouldrather“寧愿”;D選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”。句意“…而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代,20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?!笨芍狝選項(xiàng)正確。
(19)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pentathlon“五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)”;decathlons“十項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”;C選項(xiàng)pentad“五個(gè)一組”;D選項(xiàng)decades“十年”。根據(jù)句意“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代,20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度。”以及空后的the1960s,1970s以及1980s的舉例可知這里是和年代有關(guān)的,D選項(xiàng)正確。
(20)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deals“交易,協(xié)議”;B選項(xiàng)periods“時(shí)期”;C選項(xiàng)times“時(shí)代”;D選項(xiàng)portions“部分”。句意為“以后的日子里我們可能需要根據(jù)幾年甚至幾個(gè)月來(lái)考慮歷史的變化的問(wèn)題。”根據(jù)句意確定D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Theterm“folkcustom"isverybroad,butithasbeenusedbyfolkloriststorefertothosesharedpatternsofbehaviorsinaparticularfolkgroup.Thesepatternsofbehaviorsareregardedastraditionalandestablishedwaysofmembersoftheparticularfolkgroup.Folkcustomistotransmitbywordofmouthdemonstrationorimitation.ThefolkloreandfolkcustomsofEnglandarerichandvaried.Manycustomsareancient,passeddown,generationtogenerationfromtheGermanicandCelticancestors.Othersaremoremoderncreations.
Oneofthegreatestproblemsinassessingmostaccountsoffolkcustomsisthattheytendtogiveonlytheantiquary’s(古董商的,收集古物者的)pointofview.Afterall,tomostobservers,thepeopletheywerelookingatweresimpleandilliterate,unmindfulofthetruesignificanceofthecustomstheyhadpreserved.Whyquestionthematlengthiftheydidn’tunderstandtheessentialnatureofwhattheyweredoing?Soafolkloristislikelytoemphasizeaspectsofatraditionwhichreflecthisorherowninterestsorwhichfitinwithpreconceivedideas,whilepossiblyignoringorgivingonlypassingmentiontoaspectswhichmay,infact,beofequalimportance.
Oneaspectwhichgenerallygetsleftoutofaccountsistheviewpointoftheparticipantsthemselves:forinstancewhytheyindulgeinaparticularactivityataparticulartimeofyearoroftheirlivesandwhatfeelingstheyexperiencewhiledoingso.Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesaresowidespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.Sothefolkloristisratherlikeamanstaringatasceneinamirrorwhomustbeaware,tofullyunderstandthatscene,thathisownreflectionisamajorpartofwhatheislookingat.
Itis,however,alsotruetosaythatmanycontemporarystudentstofolklorearefullyawareoftheproblemswhichbesettheirenquiries.Liketruescientiststheydrawtheirconclusionbylookingatavailableevidence,ratherthanselectingevidencewhichfitswithexistingtheories.Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe“obviously’’ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncitiesindustryandsportetc.Theymay,forexampleenduplookingattheloreofthemotorcar,orofpopularmusic,andatcustomswhich,thoughtheyhavenohintsofpaganismneverthelesshavemuchincommonwitholderactivitieswhichdo.
Manyfolkloristshavegraduallycometotheconclusionthatfolkloreisnotnecessarilyathingofthepast,arelicofancientandoutmodedwaysofthinking,butthemeansbywhichpeopletrytomakesenseoftheworldortoconfrontitslackofsenseandtrytoalleviate(減少,緩和)boredomandsuffering.
1.Whyareearlyaccountsoffolkcustomsunreliable?
2.Whyisitdifficulttostudyfolkloretoday?
3.Whatisnewaboutfolkloriststoday?
4.Whatdoesparticipationinfolkcustomsmeantopeople?
5.Thebesttitleforthepassageprobablyis().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Becausetheparticipantsdidnotrevealthesignificanceoftheircustoms
B.Becausetheparticipantswerenotawareofthemeaningoftheircustoms
C.Becausefolkloristsundervaluedtheopinionsoftheparticipants
D.Becausefolkloristsdidn’tconsidertheparticipantssmartenoughtoanswerthequestions.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Becauseparticipantsarenowinfluencedbyearlierstudiesoftheiractivities
B.Becauseparticipantsinsistontheaccuracyoftheirowninterpretations
C.Becausefolkloristsaretooconcernedtojustifytheirowntheories
D.Becausefolkloristsareoftenmisledbyunreliableearlierstudies
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theynowmorecautiousabouttheevidencetheyaccept
B.Theywanttoinvestigatethemoreobscureareasoffolklore
C.Theyarestudyingthecreationoffolkloreinpresent-daysociety
D.Theywanttodiscoverthelinkbetweenpaganismandsocialcustoms
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itcanbeofpsychologicalbenefittothem
B.Itenablesthemtoescapetheproblemsofthemodernworld
C.Itcanbeameansofregainingancientwisdom
D.Itisanattempttoreconstructwhatislostforever
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.FolkloreandFolkCustoms
B.ProblemsandTendencyofFolkCustoms
C.TheRevivalofFolkCustoms
D.FolkloreandFolklorists
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第二段,由第二段可知,評(píng)判這些民俗信息時(shí),最大的問(wèn)題就是只給出了文物研究者的觀點(diǎn)。畢竟,對(duì)于民俗研究者而言,他們所研究的群體單純又沒(méi)有文化,沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己保留的這些民俗文化的意義。后面又講到,民俗研究者很可能依靠自己或者先入為主的觀點(diǎn)側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)傳統(tǒng)的某些方面,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的判斷因此,C選項(xiàng)表述正確,觀察者低估了參與者的意見(jiàn)。A選項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)閰⑴c者沒(méi)有透露他們習(xí)俗的重要性”表述錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)閰⑴c者沒(méi)有意識(shí)到他們習(xí)俗的重要性”表述錯(cuò)誤,只是研究者自己這樣認(rèn)為而已;D選項(xiàng)表示“因?yàn)槊袼讓W(xué)家認(rèn)為參與者不夠聰明,無(wú)法回答問(wèn)題”,與原文表述不符,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):如今民俗研究比較困難的原因是什么?根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第三段“Andnow,ideasderivingfromfolklorestudiesaresowidespreadthattheymayeasilyhavebecomeanintegralpartoftheattitudeoftheparticipantsinacustom.”,由此可知,而如今,從民俗學(xué)研究中衍生出來(lái)的想法非常普遍,它們很容易就會(huì)成為習(xí)俗參與者態(tài)度中不可或缺的一部分。”所以,A選項(xiàng)表述正確,原因就是參與者很容易被之前對(duì)他們行為的研究所影響。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):當(dāng)今民俗學(xué)研究者的新體現(xiàn)在哪里?由原文第四段“Somehavealsolookedawayfromthe“obviously"ancientandturnedtheirattentiontofolklorewhereitthrives,inthesociallifeofmoderncitiesindustryandsportetc.”可知,許多當(dāng)代民俗學(xué)學(xué)生充分意識(shí)到困擾他們的問(wèn)題。他們通過(guò)觀察現(xiàn)有的證據(jù)來(lái)得出結(jié)論,而不是選擇符合現(xiàn)有理論的證據(jù)。一些人也將目光從“明顯的”古代轉(zhuǎn)向了民俗的繁盛之處,比如在現(xiàn)代都市生活、工業(yè)以及體育等。由此可知,如今的民俗研究已經(jīng)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,民俗研究者開(kāi)始在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中研究民俗,因此C選項(xiàng)表述正確。故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):參與民俗對(duì)人們意味著什么?由文章最后一段可知,民俗研究不再只是研究過(guò)去的事,不再是指古代遺物或者是過(guò)時(shí)的思維方式,而是人們想要理解世界或者面對(duì)某種觀念缺失的方式,也是人們?cè)噲D緩解無(wú)聊和痛苦的途徑。由此可知,進(jìn)行民俗研究可以為人們的心理帶來(lái)益處,所以A選項(xiàng)正確,而其余三項(xiàng)均與原文表述不符。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
第5題:5.主旨大意題。本文前半部分主要講述了以往民俗研究中遇到的問(wèn)題,由于民俗研究者認(rèn)為參與者頭腦簡(jiǎn)單,又沒(méi)什么文化,所以低估了民俗參與者的意見(jiàn),這就導(dǎo)致研究者可能強(qiáng)調(diào)的只是某些方面,而忽視了重要的內(nèi)容。現(xiàn)在,民俗研究發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,不再只是研究過(guò)去的事物,也開(kāi)始關(guān)注現(xiàn)代城市生活中的民俗,因此民俗研究的趨勢(shì)也發(fā)生了變化。由此可知,本文主要講述的是民俗研究的問(wèn)題和趨勢(shì)。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
6.單選題
Theuseofnaturalgastogenerateelectricity—farfromperfectlycleanbutlesscarbon-(
)thancoaluse—hasjumped25percentsince2008.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.inclusive
B.extensive
C.intensive
D.exclusive
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。inclusive意為“包括的,包羅廣泛的”;extensive意為“廣闊的,廣大的”;intensive意為“密集的,加強(qiáng)的”;exclusive意為“專(zhuān)有的,排外的”。
句意:自2008年以來(lái),使用天然氣發(fā)電——遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有完全清潔,但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少——已經(jīng)上漲了25%。
7.單選題
Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedally.
Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheUStakestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.
ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.
Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements;physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.
Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.
Medicalstudentsaren’tblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedUSmedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thisresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.
Howdowefixthisproblem?
Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.
We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.
Whowillbetheretotreatthem?
1.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentUShealthcareis().
2.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethatsystemis()
3.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto().
4.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?
5.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians
B.thedecliningnumberofdoctors
C.theshrinkingprimarycareresources
D.theever-risinghealthcarecost
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure.
B.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors.
C.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth.
D.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime
B.improvetheirexpertiseandservice
C.makevariousdealswithspecialists
D.seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.
B.Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.
C.Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.
D.Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.
B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.
C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.
D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem…TheUStakestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.”,可知初級(jí)護(hù)理應(yīng)是任何衛(wèi)生護(hù)理系統(tǒng)的支柱,但是美國(guó)強(qiáng)調(diào)專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生而不是初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)生。文章在一二段就提出了整篇文章討論的問(wèn)題:美國(guó)對(duì)初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)生的忽視。下文對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的討論并提出了一系列解決措施??膳袛喑鲎髡邔?duì)當(dāng)前美國(guó)醫(yī)療護(hù)理系統(tǒng)的主要擔(dān)憂是初級(jí)護(hù)理資源的減少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.”,更多的醫(yī)生照顧你并不能保證更好的治療。實(shí)際上,日益分散的醫(yī)療服務(wù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)的成本上升和醫(yī)療差錯(cuò)??膳袛喑鋈藗兤毡橄嘈诺挠^點(diǎn)是:一個(gè)病人受到越多的醫(yī)生照料就越好。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements;physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.”,政府不加區(qū)別地削減補(bǔ)償,醫(yī)生們別無(wú)選擇,只能通過(guò)增加服務(wù)數(shù)量來(lái)增加收入??膳袛喑雒鎸?duì)政府不加區(qū)別地削減補(bǔ)償?shù)耐{,初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)生選擇照顧更多的病人,提高看病數(shù)量來(lái)增加收入。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedUSmedicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.”,他們看到補(bǔ)償機(jī)制在很大程度上不利于初級(jí)護(hù)理。最近的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,自1997年以來(lái),選擇初級(jí)護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的美國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生減少了50%??膳袛喑鲈S多剛畢業(yè)的醫(yī)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生拒絕選擇初級(jí)護(hù)理作為他們的職業(yè)的原因在于目前的制度不利于初級(jí)護(hù)理職業(yè)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第八段,“Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.”,通過(guò)免除選擇初級(jí)護(hù)理作為職業(yè)的學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)貸款,并縮小專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生和初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)生工資之間的顯著差異,使初級(jí)護(hù)理行業(yè)對(duì)醫(yī)科學(xué)生更具吸引力。可判斷出縮小專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生和初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)生之間的工資差距是作者提出的建議之一。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
8.單選題
Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,______symbolicshadowwestand,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.withhis
B.byhim
C.inwhose
D.ofwhom
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.withhis和他的B.byhim通過(guò)他
C.inwhose在誰(shuí)的D.ofwhom誰(shuí)的
【考查點(diǎn)】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。
【解題思路】由句子可知,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以中間部分是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的agreatAmerican(一位偉大的美國(guó)人),所以空格處的引導(dǎo)詞只能用who,whom或whose,而symbolicshadow(象征的影像)與agreatAmerican(一位偉大的美國(guó)人)是所屬關(guān)系,所以只能用whose。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A、B選項(xiàng)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu);
D選項(xiàng)關(guān)系代詞whom使用不正確。
【句意】在一百年以前,有位偉大的美國(guó)人簽署了奴隸解放宣言,而今天我們正是立足于他所象征的影像下。
9.單選題
The____driverthinksthataccidentsonlyhappentootherpeople.Onthecontrary,itoftenhappenstohimself.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.common
B.general
C.usual
D.average
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.common普通的B.general普遍的;一般的;籠統(tǒng)的
C.usual慣常的D.average普通的;一般的
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析
【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“___司機(jī)(The____driver)認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在別人身上。相反,這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生在他自己(himself)身上。”空格處所填詞修飾的是名詞“司機(jī)”,根據(jù)句意推測(cè),一般的司機(jī)都認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在別人身上,D選項(xiàng)average“普通的;一般的”最符合語(yǔ)境,theaveragedriver指一般的司機(jī)。Average的基本義是平均的,該詞在表達(dá)“普通的”這一意項(xiàng)時(shí),更側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)群體中個(gè)體的情況。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)common“普通的”,側(cè)重于指不特別;
B選項(xiàng)general“普遍的;一般的;籠統(tǒng)的”,側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)整體性,忽略個(gè)體和例外;原文使用的是單數(shù),最后用的也是himself,所以側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的average更合適;
C選項(xiàng)usual“慣常的”,側(cè)重于描述在特定的情況下最常發(fā)生的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣性的,一般不用于形容人。
【句意】一般的司機(jī)認(rèn)為事故只發(fā)生在別人身上。相反,這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生在他自己身上。
10.翻譯題
Ourcountryassumesapracticalandactivepostureinthepursuitofworldpeace.TheUnitedNationshashadnomoreconsistentsupporterthanthiscountryforitscharterandtheworkofitsspecializedagencies.WetakepartinmanyUNactivitiesandhaveservedonmanyofitsbodies,includingtheSecurityCouncil.(1)Amongthespecializedagenciesandsubsidiarybodieswhatwesupportarethoseassistingindevelopment,foodsecurity,children,drugcontrolandhumanrights.Wehaveprovidedfinancialsupport,personnelandequipmentforalmostallmajorUNpeacekeepingactivities,contributedourassessedshareofthecostsofallUNoperationsandmadeadditionalcontributions.OurcountryisfullyinvolvedinUNdisarmament,armscontrolandouterspacework.WeacceptthejurisdictionoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeandareactiveindevelopmentoftheinternationallaw.
OureconomicandpoliticalfutureislinkedcloselywiththoseofitsAsianandotherPacificneighbors.Ourtrade,investmentandtechnologytransfer,intheformofjointventureswithsuchcountries,continuetogrow.(2)Throughregular,reciprocal,high-levelexchangesofvisitsourclosecontactwiththeirgovernmentscontinues,particularlywiththegovernmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.WetaketheviewthatpeaceandprosperityintheAsia-Pacificregiondependsontheabilityoftheregion’scountriestocooperateandmaintaineconomicgrowthandpoliticalstability.Wearekeentoensurethestabilityandsecurityofthisregionandtodevelopmutuallyprofitabletrade,investment,technologicalexchangesandcooperation.
PassageTwo
(1)Ourillusionsofsafetyandinvulnerabilityweregone,ourdisengagementfromworldaffairsexposedandtallied.Inonesense,wecannotbefaultedforseeinginthecollapseoftheTwinTowers,orinthedemiseofEnron,orinthebloodyconflictsthathavenoendinsight,signsthatthingsarefallingapartallovertheworld.Wecannotdenyallthatiswrongwiththeworld.Buteithercanweconcludethatalliswrongwiththeworld.(2)Everydayweseerolemodelsofexcellence,goodnessandcouragewhobringjoy,beauty,justice,andcomforttotheirfellowhumanbeings.Andiftheworldismovinginthewrongdirection,thenyouhavetheobligationtohelpturnthingsaround.WeadmittedyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniabecausewebelieveeachofyouhasthepotentialtohelphumanitybackoncourse.Yes,welooktoyoutoaddtothebodyofknowledgeinyourfieldsofstudyduringyourtimeoncampus;yes,weexpectyoutoacquiretheskills,knowledge,andtheprowesstoexcelandmakeimportantcontributionsinyourcareersandprofessions;andyes,Ihavenodoubtthateachofyouwillgofaronwhateverprofessionaltrackyouchoosetofollow.(3)Butwedidn’tbringyoutoUniversityPennsylvaniaonlytobecomeaccomplishedartists,brilliantwriters,preeminentscholars,savvypoliticiansorexpertengineers,webroughtyouherebecausewearecountingonyoutopursueBenjaminFranklin’sfoundingmandatetofocusontheoryandpractice,togainknowledgeforitsownsake,andtouseyourknowledgetothriveprofessionallywhileservinghumanity.
Directions:Eachofthefollowingtwopassageshassomeunderlinedparts.TranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.
【答案】PassageOne
1.【參考譯文】在各專(zhuān)門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)和附屬機(jī)構(gòu)中,我們支持的是那些協(xié)助發(fā)展、糧食安全、兒童、藥物管制和人權(quán)的機(jī)構(gòu)。我們?yōu)閹缀跛兄饕穆?lián)合國(guó)維和行動(dòng)提供了財(cái)政支持、人員和設(shè)備,繳納了聯(lián)合國(guó)所有行動(dòng)的分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用,并提供了額外捐款。我國(guó)全面參與聯(lián)合國(guó)裁軍、軍控和外層空間的工作。我們接受?chē)?guó)際法院的管轄權(quán),并積極參與國(guó)際法的發(fā)展。
3.【參考譯文】通過(guò)定期的高層互訪,我們繼續(xù)與這些國(guó)家的政府,特別是與中華人民共和國(guó)的政府保持密切聯(lián)系。我們認(rèn)為,亞太地區(qū)的和平與繁榮取決于地區(qū)國(guó)家是否有能力開(kāi)展合作,保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和政治穩(wěn)定。我們渴望確保本地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定與安全,發(fā)展互利的貿(mào)易、投資、技術(shù)交流與合作。
PassageTwo
1.【參考譯文】我們對(duì)安全和堅(jiān)不可摧的幻想消失了,我們與世界事務(wù)的脫離暴露了出來(lái),并得到了證實(shí)。從某種意義上說(shuō),我們不能因?yàn)榭吹搅耸蕾Q(mào)雙塔的倒塌,安然公司的倒閉,或者看不到盡頭的血腥沖突,就認(rèn)為世界各地都在分崩離析。我們不能否認(rèn)世界上所有的錯(cuò)誤。但我們也不可以得出“這個(gè)世界的一切都是錯(cuò)的”這樣的結(jié)論。
2.【參考譯文】每一天,我們都能看到優(yōu)秀、善良和勇敢的榜樣,他們?yōu)槿祟?lèi)同胞帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)、美麗、正義和安慰。如果世界正朝著錯(cuò)誤的方向發(fā)展,那么你有義務(wù)幫助扭轉(zhuǎn)局面。我們錄取你們進(jìn)入賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)是因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈拍銈兠總€(gè)人都有潛力幫助人類(lèi)回到正軌。
3.【參考譯文】但是,我們把你們帶到賓夕法尼亞大學(xué),并不是為了讓你們成為有成就的藝術(shù)家、才華橫溢的作家、卓越的學(xué)者、精明的政治家或?qū)I(yè)的工程師。我們把你們帶到這里,是因?yàn)槲覀冎竿銈兟男斜窘苊鳌じ惶m克林的校訓(xùn):專(zhuān)注于理論和實(shí)踐,為了知識(shí)本身而獲取知識(shí),并利用你們的知識(shí)在專(zhuān)業(yè)上成功的同時(shí)也為人類(lèi)服務(wù)。
11.單選題
Hehadscarcelylefttherailwaystation_______itstartedtorain.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.than
B.then
C.when
D.since
【答案】C
【解析】scarcelywhen為固定用法,表示"一...就..."。句意:他一離開(kāi)火車(chē)站就開(kāi)始下起了雨。選項(xiàng)C正確。
12.單選題
Foodistotheblood______readingistothemind.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.that
B.which
C.what
D.so
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。本題考查的句型是:AistoBwhatCistoD=AistoBjustasCistoD。意為“A對(duì)于B正如C對(duì)于D一樣”,如:Peopleistothearmywhatwateristofish.句意:食物之于血液,猶如讀書(shū)之于心靈。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Canyoufind()atthehotelforthenight?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.lodgings
B.accommodations
C.places
D.houses
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodging“寄宿”;accommodation“住處,膳宿”;place“地方”;house“住宅,家庭”。句意:你今晚能在酒店找到地方住嗎?B項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.單選題
Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;inpractice,theymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeing(
)bythemarket.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.replaced
B.overlooked
C.saturated
D.penalized
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。replace“代替;更換”;overlook“忽略;俯瞰;遠(yuǎn)眺;檢查”;saturate“使?jié)裢?;使飽和”;penalize“懲罰”。句意:理論上,政府有制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的自由;實(shí)際上,他們必須遵守國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)模式或冒險(xiǎn)被市場(chǎng)懲罰。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
15.單選題
Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetismandgravitation:theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredictedbutoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamber,ahardyellowishbrowngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity”,BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathinglikeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrifiedwehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.AristotleforexamplewhosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprincipalthateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelongandsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobe
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