考研考博-英語-四川工業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川工業(yè)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whathappensifpeopledonottakeintoaccountthecultureofthecountriestheyaredealingwith?Herearesomeexamples.

Mr.Byrdwashiredbyawell-knownAmericancorporationtobeits“maninRiyadh”,SaudiArabia.HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.Mr.Byrd,familiarwiththeseobligatoryformalitiesofgreeting,answered“Fine,myfather,yes,well,heisfine.IsawhimafewmonthsagoduringChristmaswhenwetookhimoutofthenursinghomeforafewdays.”

Fromthatpointeverythingfrozeup.Mr.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.

TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.ItwouldhavebeeninconceivablefortheSauditohaveplacedhisfatherinthecareofstrangers.Mr.FouadthusfeltthathecouldnottrustMr.Byrdasabusinesspartner.

Anotherexample,JimTurnerwasattendingaconferenceinLyon.ThiswasnothisfirsttriptoFrance,andhewaspleasedsomeoftheFrenchcolleagueshe’dmetpreviouslyrememberedhim.Oneeveningtheyinvitedhimalongfordinner.Shortlyafterthefoodwasserved,theybeganjokingaboutthequalityofthefood.Thatsurprisedhim.Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso,expectingthediscussiontocontinue.Buttohisgreatdiscomfort,theythenmadesomejokeabout“foodandAmericans”andchangedthesubject.Hefeltsomewhatexcludedanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.

Interpretation:TheFrenchtakegreatprideintheirfoodandwineandforeignersshouldbeveryprudentaboutpassingjudgmentonthequalityofthefood.Inthiscase,theFrenchmenobviouslythoughtthatthefoodattherestaurantdidnotwarrantsuchpraise,andintheirview,theAmericanrevealedhislackoftaste.

1.Mr.ByrdtriedtopersuadeMr.Fouadto________.

2.TheconversationbetweenMr.ByrdandMr.Fouad________.

3.Mr.Byrd’sproblemliesinthathe________.

4.JimTurnerpraisedthefoodbecause________.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatwhendoingbusinessabroad________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.joinhiscompanyasthelegaladviser

B.investinhiscompanyasalocalpartner

C.workinhiscompanyasthelocalmanager

D.cooperatewithhiscompanyasthelocaldealer

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beganwithsmalltalk

B.wentdirectlytobusiness

C.deepenedtheirfriendship

D.endedupinaquarrel

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasnotfamiliarwithSaudiArabianwayoftalking

B.wasnotgoodattheartoftalkingwithastranger

C.didnotknowMr.Fouad’spersonalityandinterests

D.didnotrealizetheimportanceoffamilyinSaudiArabia

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hetriedtopleasethehosts

B.itwassociallynecessary

C.hetrulyenjoyedthefood

D.itwaspartofthetablemanners

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.sincerityisthekeytosuccess

B.itisessentialtounderstandculturaldifferences

C.oneshouldbecarefulinmakingjudgment

D.itisnecessarytocreateawin-winsituation

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干人名Mr.Byrd和Mr.Fouad定位到文章第二段第二句HewenttothehomeofaSaudi,Mr.Fouad,totrytointeresthiminparticipatinginalocaljointventurewithhiscompany.（他（指Mr.Byrd）到一個(gè)叫Mr.Fouad的沙特人的家里，試圖吸引他，讓他對(duì)與自己公司一起在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒁患液腺Y公司產(chǎn)生興趣）。由此可知Mr.Byrd去的目的是讓Mr.Fouad成為自己公司的地區(qū)合伙人，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)“投資自己公司成為地區(qū)合伙人”，而不是A選項(xiàng)“做該公司地區(qū)法律顧問”，C選項(xiàng)“成為該公司地區(qū)經(jīng)理”或者D選項(xiàng)“與他合作，說服他成為地區(qū)經(jīng)銷商”。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由conversation我們可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文中提到的兩個(gè)人之間的談話內(nèi)容，即第二段第三句Asthiswasafirstmeeting,themen’sconversationbeganwith“Howareyoudoing?How’syourfamily?Andhowisyourfather?”thatmadeMr.Byrdalittleimpatient.（在第一次會(huì)面的時(shí)候，兩人之間的談話是以“你最近怎么樣？你家人怎么樣？你爸爸近來可好？”，這些對(duì)話使得拜德先生變得有點(diǎn)不耐煩。）從這句話可知，兩人的對(duì)話沒有開門見山直接談生意而是從一些日常小事開始的，所以B選項(xiàng)“直入主題”錯(cuò)誤，A選項(xiàng)“從無關(guān)緊要的對(duì)話開始”正確。我們?cè)俣ㄎ坏降谌蔚诙湓扢r.Byrd’smissionwascompletelyderailedbecausewhileMr.Fouadremainedgraciousenough,hewasobviouslyuninterestedindoinganybusinesswithMr.Byrd.（拜德先生的任務(wù)完全失敗了因?yàn)楸M管福德先生仍然保持著風(fēng)度，但是很顯然他對(duì)和拜德先生做生意這件事已經(jīng)沒有任何興趣了）。從這句話我們可以知道這次談話失敗了，福德先生對(duì)拜德先生不是很滿意，所以并沒有增加他們之間的友誼，因而C選項(xiàng)“加深了他們之間的友誼”排除，而且從remaingracious這個(gè)短語來看，福德先生保持著風(fēng)度的，所以D選項(xiàng)“以爭(zhēng)吵結(jié)束”錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干我們定位到第三段第三、四句話TheAmericanwasatalossanddidn’tknowwhathe’ddonewrong.Infacttheproblemwithhimisthathedidnotunderstandthefamilycultureinthispartoftheworld.（這個(gè)美國人非常迷茫，不知道那里做錯(cuò)了。事實(shí)上問題在于他并不理解這個(gè)地區(qū)的家庭文化），由此我們答案選D選項(xiàng)“沒有意識(shí)到家庭對(duì)于沙特人的重要性”。A選項(xiàng)“不熟悉沙特阿拉伯人的談話方式”；B選項(xiàng)“不善于和陌生人談話”；C選項(xiàng)“不知道福德先生的性格和興趣”；這三點(diǎn)文章中都沒有提及，所以答案選D。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干我們可以定位到第四段第六句話Hethoughtthefoodwasreallyrathergoodandsaidso（他覺得食物非常不錯(cuò)而且也是這樣說的），由此可知Jim夸贊食物的原因是因?yàn)樗嫘挠X得好吃，并不是A選項(xiàng)“為了取悅主人”；B選項(xiàng)“為了社交需求”；D選項(xiàng)“或者是出于餐桌禮儀”。所以答案應(yīng)該選C選項(xiàng)“他真的覺得食物好吃”。

第5題:主旨大意題。從conclude（總結(jié)）這個(gè)詞可知，這道題是選貼近文章主題的。A選項(xiàng)“真誠是成功的關(guān)鍵”，B選項(xiàng)“了解文化差異是必要的”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地作出判斷”，D選項(xiàng)“營造雙贏環(huán)境是非常必要的”。整篇文章主要是講了兩個(gè)例子，都是關(guān)于主人公因?yàn)闆]有注意到文化差異，一個(gè)造成生意沒談成，一個(gè)造成不能融入集體。和真誠、謹(jǐn)慎，還有雙贏這三個(gè)話題沒有關(guān)系，所以答案要選擇B。

2.單選題

Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunions,employersfindithardtolaythem________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.aside

C.out

D.down

【答案】A

【解析】考查關(guān)于lay的詞組。A選項(xiàng)layoff“解雇”；B選項(xiàng)layaside“擱置，留存”；C選項(xiàng)layout“展示，安排，花錢”；D選項(xiàng)laydown“制定，放下”。句意：當(dāng)工人們組成工會(huì)后，雇傭者會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難把他們（）。這道題考查關(guān)于lay的詞組。雇傭者和工人之間的關(guān)系顯然是雇傭關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)A更加符合句意。

3.填空題

Onceinsidethevirtualclassroom,youhaveaccesstoachatfeature,an________whiteboardandavideowindowwheretheycanseeandhearthetutorinlivevideoandaudio.(interact)

【答案】interactive

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】橫線部分和white修飾board，指的是用來上課的交互式白板，interactive意思為“交互式的”，符合語境。

【句意】一旦進(jìn)入虛擬教室，你就可以使用聊天功能、交互式白板和視頻窗口，學(xué)生就可以看到導(dǎo)師的實(shí)時(shí)視頻，聽到音頻。

4.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed50minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan300wordsunderthetitleof“AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDoingResearchOnline.”Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:

1)Presentsituationaboutdoingresearchonline;

2)Advantagesforonlineresearch;

3)Disadvantagesforonlineresearch.

【答案】

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofDoingResearchOnline5.單選題

Beforewemove,weshould（

）someoftheoldfurniture,sothatwecanhavemoreroominthenewhouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cancel

B.conceal

C.discard

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。cancel“取消”；conceal“隱藏”；discard“丟棄”；retain“保持”。句意：我們搬家前，我們應(yīng)該丟棄一些老家具，以便于我們能夠?yàn)樾路孔域v出更多空間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Thesoldier’sfacewasbadlyburnedinthefireoutbreakofadepartmentstoreandhehadtohaveskin（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transverse

B.transplanted

C.transcended

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transverse“橫向的、橫切的”；B選項(xiàng)transplant“移植；遷移”；C選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過、超越”；D選項(xiàng)transfer“使轉(zhuǎn)移、調(diào)任”。句子由and連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，前半句意思是“士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，再根?jù)havesth.done的結(jié)構(gòu)，推斷空格部分單詞要填過去分詞形式。所以由后面關(guān)鍵詞“skin皮膚”可知空格部分單詞意思為“移植……”，句意為：士兵的臉在百貨公司發(fā)生的火災(zāi)中嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，需要植皮。故正確答案選B。

7.單選題

Theorganizationissueacryofalarmlastweekciting“______evidence”thatthosechildrenarenotreceivingthesamequalityofeducationastheirricherpeers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparing

B.completing

C.compelling

D.composing

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)comparing“比較”；B選項(xiàng)completing“完整”；C選項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”；D選項(xiàng)composing“組成；創(chuàng)作；起鎮(zhèn)靜作用的”。句意：該組織在上周發(fā)出了警告，稱有令人信服的證據(jù)表明，這些孩子沒有得到與富裕孩子同等的教育。根據(jù)語境，C選項(xiàng)compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”搭配evidence“證據(jù)”比較合理，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Itisnotuncommonforthere______problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.wouldbe

C.be

D.tobe

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：年輕一代與老一代之間的交流存在問題，這種情況非常罕見。此處是therebe句型，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處并不缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，因而只能使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preside

B.introduce

C.chair

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preside“管理；主持（常與over搭配）”；B選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹；引進(jìn)；提出”；C選項(xiàng)chair“擔(dān)任主席；主持；使……入座”；D選項(xiàng)dominate“控制；支配；占優(yōu)勢(shì)”。句意：由于經(jīng)理出差去了，我被邀請(qǐng)……每周員工會(huì)議。此處應(yīng)表示“主持會(huì)議”，A選項(xiàng)preside應(yīng)與over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔誠）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire（追求）tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_______.

2.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat______.

3.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.

4.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”（Line1，Para.5）meansthat______.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch

B.aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification

C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably

D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbest

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratings

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.”，可知很多人誤解地認(rèn)為美是膚淺的。后一句“Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.”，說明女性應(yīng)該讓自己看起來最好才是作者想要表達(dá)的正確觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“…thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，評(píng)價(jià)就越高，說明外貌是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段，“thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjustthecontrary.”，說明我們嘴上說著虔誠的話，但是實(shí)際行動(dòng)卻是相反的，也就是不會(huì)根據(jù)自己支持的觀點(diǎn)行事。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.語義題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“…womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.”說明有足夠的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表沒有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不總是能帶來優(yōu)勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.”，說明在事業(yè)中，外貌的吸引力對(duì)女性的影響大于男性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Thefactoryoperated（

）untiltheorderwasfilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attimes

B.totheminute

C.daybyday

D.aroundtheclock

【答案】D

【解析】句意:工廠晝夜不停地運(yùn)行直到訂單滿額。

考查短語辨析。attimes有時(shí),偶爾;totheminute準(zhǔn)時(shí);daybyday每一天;aroundtheclock晝夜不停地。根據(jù)后半句句意“知道訂單滿額”推測(cè)D符合句意。

12.單選題

Finally,Emily（

）divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fillinfor“代替，占據(jù)別人位置”；B選項(xiàng)filefor“申請(qǐng)”，主要用于申請(qǐng)事業(yè)單位工作；C選項(xiàng)suefor“控告”，表示就某事提出訴訟；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)，提出申請(qǐng)”。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”，可知空格部分意思可能為“提出控告，控訴”，句意為：最后艾米麗提出離婚訴訟，稱她的丈夫?qū)λ谏眢w上和心理上實(shí)施家庭暴力。選項(xiàng)C與其意思接近。

13.單選題

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.backs（人體或動(dòng)物的）背部，背B.necks頸，脖子

C.toes腳趾D.heels足跟，腳后跟

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“小偷逃跑了，當(dāng)?shù)鼐靇_____”可知，警察對(duì)小偷是緊跟不舍，根據(jù)close可以推知空格處表示“緊跟”的意思，而onone’sheels也是常用搭配，表示“緊跟”，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、B項(xiàng)不符合句意；

C選項(xiàng)“toes”構(gòu)成固定搭配onone’stoes“警覺的；作好行動(dòng)準(zhǔn)備的”不符合句子邏輯關(guān)系，排除。

【句意】小偷逃跑了，當(dāng)?shù)鼐炀o追不舍。

14.單選題

Getupearlyandruneveryday.Youwill______alotfromit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.receive

B.make

C.benefit

D.win

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)receive“收到”；B選項(xiàng)make“制造，做，組裝”；C選項(xiàng)benefit“對(duì)（某人）有用，使受益”；D選項(xiàng)win“（在比賽、賽跑、戰(zhàn)斗等中）獲勝，贏”。句意：每天早起跑步。你會(huì)從中______良多。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是早起跑步會(huì)帶來很多好處，C選項(xiàng)benefit“使受益”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Itisnowbelievedthatthedramaticchangesinfamilystructure,thoughregrettable,areimpossibletoreverse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensational

B.emotional

C.horrible

D.striking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽聞的；非常好的；使人感動(dòng)的”；B選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；C選項(xiàng)horrible“可怕的；極討厭的”；D選項(xiàng)striking“顯著的，突出的，驚人的；打擊的；罷工的”。句意：人們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著變化雖然令人遺憾，但是不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)的。本句關(guān)鍵詞dramatic表示“巨大的；急劇的；引人注目的；令人激動(dòng)的；戲劇的”，在句中可和striking（顯著的）做同義替換；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theprisoner（）ameansofescapefromprison.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrived

B.conspired

C.intrigued

D.plotted

【答案】D

【解析】contrive設(shè)計(jì)，謀劃；conspire共謀，協(xié)力；intrigue用詭計(jì)取得；plot密謀。選項(xiàng)A強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)法得到；選項(xiàng)B強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)人合作；選項(xiàng)C強(qiáng)調(diào)用詭計(jì)取得；選項(xiàng)D強(qiáng)調(diào)秘密的籌劃。所以選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

他曾在許多著名的美術(shù)家門下學(xué)習(xí)。這些美術(shù)家中的一些渴望描述社會(huì)下層居民的生活。

只有通過這些科目考試的人才能擔(dān)任政府官員。

有證據(jù)證明黑猩猩(chimpanzee)過著一種復(fù)雜的社會(huì)生活，但具體的細(xì)節(jié)尚不清楚。

人們抱著一夜暴富的心理借錢賭牌。

肥沃的土地和豐富的植物提供了豐富的糧食，維護(hù)了社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。

【答案】Hewasoncelearnedfrommanyfamousartists,someofwhomdesiredtodescribelivesofpeoplefromthelowerclass.

Onlypeoplewhopasstheseexamscanbecomegovernmentofficials.

Evidenceshowsthatchimpanzeesliveacomplexsociallife,butsomespecificdetailsarestillnotclear.

Peopleborrowmoneytogamblewiththethoughtofbecomingrichovernight.

Fertilesoilandabundantplantsprovideusenoughfoodandsustainthesociety'sstability.

18.單選題

In1636Rembrandtbegantodepictquieter,morecontemplativesceneswithanewwarmthincolor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressive

B.magnificent

C.inspiring

D.thoughtful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contemplative表示“沉思的，冥想的，默想的”；A項(xiàng)impressive“感人的，令人欽佩的，給人以深刻印象的”，B項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的，壯麗的，華麗的”，C項(xiàng)inspiring“鼓舞人心的，啟發(fā)靈感的”，D項(xiàng)thoughtful“深思的，體貼的，關(guān)切的”。句意：1636年，倫勃朗開始用一種新的溫暖色彩來描繪更安靜、更發(fā)人深省的場(chǎng)景。因此，根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰膽堿),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.（……雖然我們的腦細(xì)胞會(huì)在晚年萎縮，但是并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量死亡的現(xiàn)象）從這句可知腦細(xì)胞不會(huì)很快速地死亡，也不是不會(huì)死亡只是小范圍地死亡，所以A選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞會(huì)很快的死亡”和B選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞完全不會(huì)死亡”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞帶走珍貴的會(huì)議”不符合邏輯，因?yàn)槭悄X細(xì)胞的死亡才會(huì)造成記憶缺失并不是腦細(xì)胞帶走我們的記憶。萎縮的細(xì)胞會(huì)要比普通細(xì)胞小。所以答案是C選項(xiàng)“我們的腦細(xì)胞可能會(huì)變小”。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從題干定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二三句話Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（大腦的“軟件”——一生中裝滿了大腦的實(shí)際信息——并不一定會(huì)退化。如果要說有什么的話，那就是它（腦細(xì)胞）變得更加復(fù)雜了）從這句話可知儲(chǔ)存著大腦信息的“軟件”不會(huì)退化，所以“軟件”里面的信息也不會(huì)輕易丟失，A選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時(shí)候容易忘記”；B選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時(shí)候也不會(huì)改變”C選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時(shí)候容易磨損”錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“我們腦海的信息在老年的時(shí)候會(huì)變得復(fù)雜”正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段前面三句話it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（主要是大腦的“硬件”——數(shù)十億充當(dāng)處理設(shè)備的像電話線一樣的連接和繼電器開關(guān)（的細(xì)胞）——很容易隨著年齡的增長而磨損。大腦的“軟件”——在一生中裝滿了大腦的實(shí)際信息——并不一定會(huì)退化。如果要說有什么的話，那就是它（腦細(xì)胞）變得更加復(fù)雜了。）隨著年齡的增長腦細(xì)胞里儲(chǔ)藏的信息變得復(fù)雜了，但是處理信息的細(xì)胞卻隨著年齡的增長老化，這一現(xiàn)象就很像一臺(tái)舊電腦運(yùn)行著最新的軟件，所以A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們變老之后，我們大腦的工作會(huì)如同一臺(tái)舊電腦般運(yùn)行得緩慢”正確。B選項(xiàng)“人類像電腦一樣聰明”，這個(gè)說法不符合我們生活邏輯；C選項(xiàng)“我們大腦結(jié)構(gòu)非常復(fù)雜”和D選項(xiàng)“大量信息可以儲(chǔ)存在我們腦海中”文章沒有提及。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.（鮑威爾和其他生物學(xué)家說，當(dāng)腦力達(dá)到頂峰時(shí)，記憶力并不是最先消失的。（最先消失的）通常是大腦理解空間關(guān)系的能力——看地圖或在商場(chǎng)里找到你的車——在你40多歲的時(shí)候，這可能開始變得困難。）從beginto（開始）這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞可知40歲的時(shí)候，我們的大腦開始走下坡路了，所以40歲時(shí)，我們大腦就處于巔峰狀態(tài)，因而答案選B。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句話Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.（十年后，進(jìn)行類比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。）分析兩件事的異同需要我們的抽象邏輯能力，所以B選項(xiàng)“我們解釋某兩件事的相似之處開始變得困難”正確，定位到最后一段第一句話Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.（然而，即使是“普通的”失憶也不應(yīng)該被視為正常。它是可以治療的。）失憶不是正?，F(xiàn)象而且是可以治愈的，而A選項(xiàng)“我們開始忘記把東西放哪了”，C選項(xiàng)“我們開始忘記別人告訴我們的信息”，D選項(xiàng)“我們開始忘記怎么操作機(jī)械了”，這些都是關(guān)于失憶的現(xiàn)象的，所以A，C，D不選。

第6題:主旨大意題。文章全文都是在客觀地描述我們腦細(xì)胞隨著年齡的增長會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況，沒有告訴我們應(yīng)該去什么措施，所以A選項(xiàng)“怎么在老年的時(shí)候保持記憶”，以及D選項(xiàng)“怎樣保持機(jī)警”不選。B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)我們老了，記憶排在第一位”雖然文中有提及，但是不是主題，而且這句話和文章內(nèi)容相對(duì)的，所以排除。文章內(nèi)容是根據(jù)記憶來展開的，第一段以人們的錯(cuò)覺開頭，然后介紹了生物學(xué)家相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證腦細(xì)胞和記憶的關(guān)系，然后描述隨著年齡的增長，記憶出現(xiàn)什么樣的情況，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)“探尋我們記憶之謎”。

20.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganizedpeopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments."Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate."hesays,"Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone."

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisgoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled"Japaneseschoolgirlwatch",servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

Thecountry'smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan'sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.

ThebestwaytograspJapan'smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ityoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:"damedesu"—it'snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalkingonamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).

1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianpersonwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.

B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.

C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.

D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.

B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.

C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.

D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers

B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers

C.theJapaneseusemobileinternetearlyon

D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames

B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone

C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone

D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theJapanesephoneculture

B.cultureandtechnology

C.allalike,alldifferent

D.handy,ifyouarethrifty

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”如果你在意大利開會(huì)時(shí)沒有開手機(jī)，你可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過下一個(gè)會(huì)議。因此A選項(xiàng)“他擔(dān)心錯(cuò)過商機(jī)”與工作商務(wù)有關(guān)，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“他的家人可能會(huì)在緊急情況下打電話給他”；C選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為不回復(fù)手機(jī)來電是不禮貌的”；D選項(xiàng)“他需要及時(shí)獲知工作日程的最新變化”。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"”技術(shù)始終是有建設(shè)性的，且由歷史、社會(huì)和文化背景構(gòu)成。因?yàn)镃選項(xiàng)“文化影響技術(shù)的發(fā)展”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段提到“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.”但在接下來的十年中，考慮到日本早期對(duì)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接受，它被廣泛視為移動(dòng)未來的模式