考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津國(guó)土資源和房屋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津國(guó)土資源和房屋職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Despitethesuspect’s（）tobeinnocent,thereiscompellingevidencethathewasinvolved.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conviction

B.assertion

C.accusation

D.speculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)conviction“定罪，確信”，B項(xiàng)assertion“斷言，聲明”，C項(xiàng)accusation“控告，指責(zé)”，D項(xiàng)speculation表示“投機(jī)，推測(cè)”。句意：盡管嫌疑犯聲稱自己是無(wú)辜的，但有令人信服的證據(jù)表明他參與了此事。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學(xué)的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說(shuō)明各個(gè)行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學(xué)的思維模式。因此D選項(xiàng)“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學(xué)思維中受益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“批判性思維可能來(lái)源于非科學(xué)思維”，文中沒(méi)有提及批判性思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說(shuō)的非科學(xué)性思維的用處，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“許多對(duì)象都是用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對(duì)象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡(jiǎn)化為明確的語(yǔ)言描述），說(shuō)明不能用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設(shè)計(jì)課程應(yīng)該是工程課程的一個(gè)基本元素。），說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果工程學(xué)課程包括設(shè)計(jì)課的話，課程會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡管缺乏非科學(xué)的思維模式，但仍然很強(qiáng)大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語(yǔ)言思維是工程設(shè)計(jì)的核心機(jī)制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。）可知工程學(xué)課程包含了非科學(xué)思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在所有課程中強(qiáng)調(diào)非語(yǔ)言思維”，C選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為包括語(yǔ)言或數(shù)學(xué)課程”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，當(dāng)《美國(guó)工程歷史記錄》的工作人員希望讓人畫出機(jī)器的圖紙和工業(yè)過(guò)程的等距視圖，用于其對(duì)美國(guó)工程的歷史記錄時(shí)，具備必要能力的大學(xué)生卻不是工科生，而是就讀于建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生。），說(shuō)明要求非語(yǔ)言思維的工程專業(yè)學(xué)生本應(yīng)該有更好的感知和設(shè)計(jì)能力，但他們卻不如建筑學(xué)院的學(xué)生，這是自相矛盾的。因此C選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生更好地感知和設(shè)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生不了解美國(guó)工程的歷史”，B選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該比建筑專業(yè)的學(xué)生懂得更多”，D選項(xiàng)“工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生忽視了圖紙的重要性”都不是作者想指出的內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)任何設(shè)計(jì)課程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)被認(rèn)為主要是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題時(shí)，它們反映了產(chǎn)生的混亂。），說(shuō)明數(shù)學(xué)思維對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)不是必不可少的，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“工程設(shè)計(jì)需要科學(xué)的思想”，由原文可知作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家在工程工作中扮演著原始的角色”在文中沒(méi)有提及所以D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“非語(yǔ)言思維比其他知覺(jué)過(guò)程有優(yōu)勢(shì)”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非語(yǔ)言思維，說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為非語(yǔ)言思維是有優(yōu)勢(shì)的，所以B選項(xiàng)最能代表作者的觀點(diǎn)。

3.單選題

Onecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmight[A]withphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshow[B]impactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebody[C]whereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,[D]upholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.impacting

C.whereas

D.uphold

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。Whereas引導(dǎo)的句子與前面是并列關(guān)系，因此D選項(xiàng)處動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與prescribe保持一致，因此需要將uphold改為upheld。

4.單選題

Wehadbeenwantingtoexpandourchildren’shorizonsbytakingthemtoaplacethatwasunlikeanythingwe’dbeenexposedtoduringourtravelsinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.InthinkingaboutwhatwaspossiblefromGeneva,wherewearebased,wedecidedonatriptoIstanbul,atwo-hourplaneridefromZurich.

Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear,butthoughtour11-and13-year-oldsneededafirststepawayfrommanicuredboulevardsandpristinemonuments.

Whatwedidn’tforeseewasthereactionoffriends,whowarnedthatwewereputtingourchildren“indanger,”referringvaguely,andmostincorrectly,todisease,terrorismorjusttheunknown.TohelpusgetacquaintedwiththepeculiaritiesofIstanbulandtogiveourchildrenachancetochoosewhattheywereparticularlyinterestedinseeing,weboughtanexcellentguidebookandreaditthoroughlybeforeleaving.

Friendlywarningsdidn’tchangeourplanning,althoughwemighthavemoreprudentlycheckedwiththeU.S.StateDepartment’slistoftroublespots.Wedidn’tseealotofchildrenamongtheforeignvisitorsduringoursix-daystayinIstanbul,butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson,whoseoft-repeatedrequestisthatwenotsee“everysingle”churchandmuseuminagivencity.

Vaccinationsweren’tneededforthecity,butwewereconcernedaboutadaptingtothewaterforashortstay.Soweusedbottledwaterfordrinkingandbrushingourteeth,aprecautionthatmayseemexcessive,butweallstayedhealthy.

Takingtheadviceofafriend,webookedahotela20-minutewalkfrommostofIstanbul’smajortouristsites.Thisnotonlygotussomemorningexercise,strollingovertheKarakoyBridge,buttookuspastacolorfulassortmentoffishermen,vendorsandshoeshiners.

Fromateenagerandpre-teen’sview,Istanbulstreetlifeisfascinatingsincealmosteverythingcanbeboughtoutdoors.TheywereatagoodagetospendtimewanderingthelabyrinthoftheSpiceBazaar,whereshopsdisplaymoundsofpungentherbsinsacks.Doingthiswithyoungerchildrenwouldbehardersimplybecausethestreetsaresopackedwithpeople;itwouldbeeasytogetlost.Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.TheyalsolearnedtofigureouttherelativevalueoftheTurkishlira,notasmallmatterwithitsmanyzeros.

BeingexposedtoIslamwasanimportantpartofourtrip.Visitingthemosques,especiallytheenormousBlueMosque,wasourfirstglimpseintohowthismajorreligionispracticed.Ourchildren’scuriosityalreadyhadbeenpiquedbythefivedailycallstoprayeroverloudspeakersineverycomerofthecity,andthescarvescoveringtheheadsofmanywomen.

Navigatingmealscanbetroublesomewithchildren,butakebab,boughtonthestreetorinrestaurants,wasunfailinglypopular.Sincewehaddecidedthistripwasnotforgourmets,kebabssparedustheagonyoftryingtofindarestauranteachdaythatwouldsuittheadults*desiretotrysomethingnewamidchildren’sinsistencethatthefoodbeservedimmediately.Gradually,webranchedouttotrysomeotherTurkishspecialties.

AlthoughoursonhadstudiedIslambriefly,itisimpossibletobepreparedforeveryawkwardquestionthatmightcomeup,suchasduringourvisitstotheTopkapiSarayi,theOttomanSultans'palace.Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.Nexttime,weresolvedtomakesucharrangementsinadvance.

Onthistrip,wewanderedthroughthemagnificentcomplex,withitsimperialtreasures,itscourtyardsanditsharem.Thelastrequiredabitofexplanationthatwewouldhavehappilylefttoalearnedthirdparty.

1.ThecouplechoseIstanbulastheirholidaydestinationmainlybecause（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

3.Welearnfromthecouple’sshoppingexperiencebackhomethat

（

）.

4.ThelasttwoparagraphssuggestthattovisitplacesofinterestinIstanbul

（

）.

5.ThefamilyhaveseenorvisitedallthefollowinginIstanbulEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecityisnottoofarawayfromwheretheylived.

B.thecityisnotonthelistoftheU.S.StateDepartment.

C.thecityisbetweenthefamiliarandtheexotic.

D.thecityismorefamiliarthanexotic.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefamilyfoundthecitywasexactlywhattheyhadexpected.

B.Theirfriendswereopposedtotheirholidayplan.

C.Theycouldhavebeenmorecautiousaboutbringingkidsalong.

D.Theywereabitcautiousaboutthequalityofwaterinthecity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theywereusedtobargainingoverprice.

B.theypreferredtobuythingsoutdoors.

C.streetmarketsweretheirfavorites.

D.theypreferredfashionandbrandnames.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.guidebooksareveryuseful.

B.aprofessionalguideisamust.

C.onehastobepreparedforquestions.

D.onehastomakearrangementsinadvance.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.religiousprayers.

B.historicalbuildings.

C.local-stylemarkets.

D.shoppingmallboutiques.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問(wèn)這對(duì)夫妻選擇伊斯坦布爾作為它們的度假目的地的主要原因。從第一段內(nèi)容與第二段開(kāi)頭“Weenvisionedthetripasapreludetomoreexoticones,perhapstoNewDelhiorBangkoklaterthisyear.我們把這次旅行想象成更多異國(guó)情調(diào)之旅的前奏，也許今年晚些時(shí)候會(huì)去新德里或曼谷”一句可以知道這家人打算選擇一個(gè)較為陌生但又與家較近的地方作為旅游目的地。C選項(xiàng)‘這個(gè)城市介于熟悉和陌生之間’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問(wèn)選項(xiàng)中哪一項(xiàng)敘述是錯(cuò)誤的。由文章第四段中的“...butwefoundthetouristareasquitesafe,veryinterestingandvariedenougheventosuitourson.但是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)旅游區(qū)非常安全，非常有趣，而且種類繁多，甚至適合我們的兒子?！币痪淇芍?dāng)他們到達(dá)伊斯坦布爾旅行之后才發(fā)現(xiàn)這里和旅行之前所了解到的信息是不一樣的，所以A選項(xiàng)“這家人發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)城市和他們?cè)O(shè)想中的是一樣的”錯(cuò)誤，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問(wèn)我們可以從這對(duì)夫妻的購(gòu)物經(jīng)歷中了解到什么。由文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對(duì)于我們兩個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的購(gòu)物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購(gòu)物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)以一件東西的價(jià)格買到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝。”一句可知D選項(xiàng)‘在自己國(guó)內(nèi)的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣更傾向于選擇流行時(shí)尚和知名品牌’正確。

4.推理判斷題。本題是問(wèn)最后兩段內(nèi)容表明在伊斯坦布爾游覽名勝的情況…。由文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句“Noguideswereavailablesoitwasdo-it-yourself,usingourguidebook,whichcheatedusofalotofinterestinghistoryandanecdotesthataprofessionalguidecouldprovide.沒(méi)有導(dǎo)游，所以只能自己動(dòng)手，用我們的導(dǎo)游手冊(cè)，這讓我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了很多專業(yè)導(dǎo)游能提供的有趣的歷史和軼事?！盉選項(xiàng)‘專業(yè)的指南是必不可少的’正確。

5.推理判斷題。本題是問(wèn)在伊斯坦布爾，除…外，這家人在伊斯坦布爾見(jiàn)過(guò)或參觀過(guò)以下所有地方。綜合上下文，A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第四段提及，B,C選項(xiàng)在第六，七段提及，而從文章第七段中的“Forourtwo,whosebuyingexperienceconsistedofdepartmentstoresandshoppingmallboutiques,itwasamazingtodiscoverthatyoucouldbargainoverpriceandperhapsendupwithtwoofsomethingforthepriceofone.對(duì)于我們兩個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的購(gòu)物經(jīng)驗(yàn)包括百貨公司和購(gòu)物中心的精品店，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以討價(jià)還價(jià)的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)以一件東西的價(jià)格買到兩件東西，這讓我很驚訝?！贝_定shoppingmallboutiques是這家人在國(guó)內(nèi)的購(gòu)物點(diǎn)，而不是在伊斯坦布爾，所以符合題意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Adealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide一thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat（1）doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessinvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positive（2）thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Actually,therearereasonstobe（3）.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore（4）,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential（5）thereare.Moreandmoreenterprises,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft（6）,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor（7）worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave,butithasbigpotential.

To（8）advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices（9）respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof（10）(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—concerningroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.divide

B.information

C.world

D.lecture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.forces

B.obstacles

C.events

D.surprises

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.pleasant

D.disappointed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.centralized

C.realized

D.commercialized

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.users

B.producers

C.customers

D.citizens

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.for

C.aside

D.behind

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.containing

B.preventing

C.keeping

D.combating

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.bring

B.keep

C.hold

D.take

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.with

C.of

D.for

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.construction

B.facility

C.infrastructure

D.institution

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】（1）文中指示代詞that指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞，中心詞為前面出現(xiàn)的so-calleddigitaldivide，divide為中心詞。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（2）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)positive可以判斷出，被修飾的單詞應(yīng)該是具有積極意義的名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境單詞force最為合適。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境。第一段主要是講的存在一種力量可以抵抗數(shù)字化鴻溝，第二段的首句就提到了一些技術(shù)因素可以使數(shù)字鴻溝不斷窄化。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（4）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)下文提到的theinterestofbusiness可以推測(cè)出，應(yīng)該有商業(yè)化的意思，所以單詞commercialized最為合適，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（5）根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境。文章一直在討論“商業(yè)化”、“貿(mào)易這些話題”，所以空格中應(yīng)該填入與之相關(guān)的詞匯，customer最符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考查短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。短語(yǔ)leavebehind“落后”，句意：企業(yè)擔(dān)心自己的國(guó)家會(huì)落后。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。單詞combat意思為“反對(duì)，與……戰(zhàn)斗”，最符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（8）考查短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。takeadvantageof意思為“利用”，為固定搭配。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（9）考查短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。withrespectto“關(guān)于，至于”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（10）考查單詞釋義理解。括號(hào)中的釋義為“社會(huì)基本建筑基礎(chǔ)”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit,

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulfs,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“immunity”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

4.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitterthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itsdefensivebehavior

B.Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

C.Itsnestinghabits

D.Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.distance

B.transition

C.protection

D.reminder

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thekittiwakescanseetheravensapproachingthenest.

B.Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswherekittiwakesnest.

C.Thekittiwakes'eggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

D.Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedaboutpredators

B.provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

C.showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

D.illustratekittiwakes’lackofconcernfortheirchick

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bonaparte’sgulls

B.Atlanticpuffins

C.Kittiwakegulls

D.Northerngannets

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容可知，第一段主要講不同于其它海鷗，三趾鷗習(xí)慣在峭壁上筑巢；第二段講三趾鷗在峭壁上筑巢的優(yōu)勢(shì)；最后一段講了三趾鷗如何適應(yīng)在峭壁上筑巢。由此可知，本文敘述的主要內(nèi)容是三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

詞匯題。

2.由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealegg可知，三趾鷗在在懸崖上筑巢的一大好處就是更安全，可以躲避無(wú)法攀登峭壁的狐貍和那些難以在陡峭巖石上立足的烏鴉和其他鷗類，防止鳥卵被偷走。因此，本題的正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.可知，烏鴉無(wú)法偷走三趾鷗鳥卵的原因是它們難以在三趾鷗的巢邊落腳。因此，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous可知，三趾鷗會(huì)在巢邊排便，以保持巢內(nèi)干凈，但這種做法以及它們傾向于在鳥窩里亂丟蛋殼的行為，使得它們巢的位置非常顯眼。這里的描述是為和大多數(shù)海鷗作對(duì)比，說(shuō)明三趾鷗也不會(huì)試著去隱藏它們的巢（Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest）。根據(jù)上下文可知三趾鷗之所以這樣做是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谇捅谏现脖仍诘孛嫔现哺袃?yōu)勢(shì)，無(wú)需在意捕獵者，因此本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。原文第二段中指出，三趾鷗對(duì)捕食者的反應(yīng)不像在地面筑巢的海鷗那么強(qiáng)烈。接著舉出了Bonaparte’sgulls的例子，說(shuō)明Bonaparte’sgulls和三趾鷗的筑巢習(xí)慣不同。大多數(shù)的海鷗在平地上筑巢，所以它們?cè)陔r鳥出生后會(huì)把蛋殼拿走，盡量不暴露鳥巢的位置。因此，可推測(cè)Bonaparte’sgulls也是這樣的習(xí)慣，所以才會(huì)暴露自己的位置。由此可知，本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Thehouseinwhichtheformerpresidentusedtoliveisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inafiretwodaysago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobedestroyed

B.havingbeendestroyed

C.beingdestroyed

D.tohavebeendestroyed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。twodaysago表示“兩天前”，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式；因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有所影響，故應(yīng)為完成時(shí)；又因主語(yǔ)thehouse與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞destroy構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系；A項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)；C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行；D項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)法。句意：據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙報(bào)道，前任總統(tǒng)居住的房子兩天前被大火燒毀。故正確答案為B。

8.單選題

Thisticket（

）youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.permits

B.entitles

C.grants

D.credits

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。permit“允許”；entitle“授權(quán)，給······稱號(hào)”；grant“授予，同意”；credit“相信，信任”。句意：憑著這張票你可以在我們的新餐廳免費(fèi)吃一頓。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,would

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題——onlyif的用法。當(dāng)onlyif位于句首時(shí)，其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要部分倒裝，根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒裝。句意：只有雙方都接受這項(xiàng)協(xié)議，才能在這個(gè)地區(qū)建立持久的和平。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlife,evenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.(1)Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurder,itiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswell,nomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe.

Manythinkers,includingalmostallorthodoxCatholics,believethateuthanasiaisimmoral.(2)Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.However,theythinkitisallright,insomespecialcircumstances,toallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper“ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia”Iargue,againstthetraditionalview,thatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie—ifoneispermissible,thensoistheother.

ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrine,hesays,doesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Therefore,argumentsagainstthatdistinction“l(fā)eavethetraditionalpositionuntouched”.

Ismyargumentreallyirrelevant?Idon’tseehowitcanbe.(3)AsSullivanhimselfpointsout,nearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectly,thenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible.

(4)ButtraditionalistslikeProfessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia—thedirectkillingofpatients—isnotmorallypermissible;so,ifmyargumentissound,theirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagree,then,thatmyargument“l(fā)eavethetraditionalpositionuntouched”.

However,Ishallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalposition,concentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.(5)Accordingtohim,whatisimportantis,first,thatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatient,eitherbyactionoromission,andsecond,thatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatient,knowingthatthiswillresultindeath,onlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary.

【答案】1.就像連環(huán)殺手殺人是不對(duì)的一樣，醫(yī)生殺人也是不對(duì)的，不管其殺人的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么。

2.他們反對(duì)在任何情況下殺死病人。然而，他們也認(rèn)為，在某些特殊情況下，允許患者因拒絕治療而死亡是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。

3.正如沙利文（Sullivan）自己指出的那樣，幾乎每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為，延長(zhǎng)死亡過(guò)程有時(shí)是毫無(wú)意義的，在這些情況下，讓病人死去在道德上是允許的，雖然，他們通過(guò)手術(shù)可以多活幾個(gè)小時(shí)或者幾天，但是這個(gè)過(guò)程也會(huì)增加他們死亡的痛苦。

4.但是像沙利文（Sullivan）教授這樣的傳統(tǒng)主義者認(rèn)為主動(dòng)安樂(lè)死——直接殺死病人——在道德上是不允許的；所以，如果我的論點(diǎn)是正確的，那么他們的觀點(diǎn)就一定是錯(cuò)誤的。

5.根據(jù)他的說(shuō)法，重要的是，首先，我們不應(yīng)該故意結(jié)束一個(gè)病人的生命，不管是通過(guò)主動(dòng)安樂(lè)死還是停止治療；其次，明知停止或省略對(duì)病人的治療將導(dǎo)致死亡，只有在涉及的治療手段非常特殊的情況下，我們才可以這么做。

11.單選題

Sincethen,____relationsbetweenthetwonationshavebeencharacterizedbyenvy,suspicion,resentmentandhate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unanimous

B.bilateral

C.accidental

D.vacant

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)unanimous“意見(jiàn)一致的；無(wú)異議的”；B選項(xiàng)bilateral“雙邊的”；C選項(xiàng)accidental“偶然的；附屬的”；D選項(xiàng)vacant“空的；空缺的”。句意：從那時(shí)起，兩國(guó)之間的____關(guān)系就充滿了嫉妒、猜疑、怨恨和仇恨。此處就是指兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系，bilateralrelations“雙邊關(guān)系”，B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有依據(jù)，因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

12.翻譯題

Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.(1).Theofficialcasefor“academicmob-ility”isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialpro-gressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope，butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepure