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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣西演藝職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題
Directions:“Thepurposeofeducationshouldbetocreateanacademicenvironmentthatisseparatefromtheoutsideworld.Thiskindofenvironmentisidealbecauseitallowsstudentstofocusonimportantideaswithoutbeingheldbackbypracticalconcerns.”Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordstoexplainyouropinionsonthisissue.
【答案】
ThePurposeofEducation2.翻譯題
Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
1.Whatremainspertinentisthereport'svisionoftheroleofgovernmentinresearch,includinghisassertionthatthefederalgovernmenthadboththeauthorityandtheobligationtosupportbasicresearch.
2.Thecriticismandbudgetcutsdirectedatuniversitieshavecreateduneaseandacorrespondingsearchforsolutions.
3.Wewouldn'thavenetworkscapableofhandlingmassiveamountsofdataifphysicistsandastronomershadn'tcontinuouslyforgedtoolstolookmoredeeplyintotheuniverse.
4.Ratherthanevaluatingprogramsintermsofhowhappytheymakepeople,howsatisfiedthosepeoplebecome,programsmustbeevaluatedintermsofthequalityofthediscontenttheyengender.
5.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedandoverawedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven’t.
【答案】1.該報告對政府在研究中所扮演的角色的看法仍然中肯,他認為聯(lián)邦政府有權(quán)利,也有義務(wù)支持基礎(chǔ)研究。
2.針對大學(xué)的批評以及削減其財政預(yù)算,既造成了不安定因素,又激發(fā)了解決相應(yīng)問題的探索精神。
3.如果物理學(xué)家和天文學(xué)家不曾連續(xù)發(fā)明工具,以便更深入地探討宇宙的話,我們就不會有能夠處理大量信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。
4.對于各項計劃的評估,不要看其令人們高興的程度,讓人們滿意的程度,而要看其引起的不滿情緒屬于什么性質(zhì)。
5.當一個人犯錯誤時,他就是錯了,不必因震于他的大名,或震于他的高深學(xué)問,而對他有所畏懼。
3.單選題
Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas()fromover4,000toafewhundred.
問題1選項
A.proclaimed
B.dwindled
C.repressed
D.indulged
【答案】B
【解析】動詞辨析題。proclaimed公告;dwindled減少,變小,縮小;repressed抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓,約束;indulged放任,放縱。句意:由于市場不景氣,工廠的工人已從4000多人減少到幾百人。選項B符合句意。
4.單選題
Afterthemusichad(
)therewasastormofapplause.
問題1選項
A.diedout
B.diedhard
C.diedoff
D.diedaway
【答案】D
【解析】dieout滅絕,消失;diehard難改掉,難斷氣;dieoff相繼死去,逐個死亡;diedaway減弱,消失。
根據(jù)句意,這里指音樂減弱直至消失,所以選項D符合句意。
5.單選題
Theideaofspendingtherestofmylifetherenever()me.
問題1選項
A.approvesto
B.attractsto
C.appallsto
D.appealsto
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項approveto“批準,贊成”,B選項attract“吸引”,一般沒有“attractto”這樣的用法,可以用attractsb.todosth.或者sb.isattractedtodosth.,C選項appall“使膽寒,使大吃一驚”,一般不和介詞to搭配;D選項appealsto“呼吁,吸引,要求”。句意:在那里度過余生的想法從來沒有吸引過我。由選項意思和固定搭配可知,D選項符合句意。
6.單選題
Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe()waythestorewasorganized.
問題1選項
A.logical
B.haphazard
C.orderly
D.tidy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。logical“有邏輯的”;haphazard“偶然的;隨意的”;orderly“有秩序的”;tidy“整潔的”。句意:找到這個工作所需要的零件很難,因為商店擺放的方式很隨意。選項B符合題意。
7.單選題
Thisisanidealsiteforauniversity
itisfarfromthedowntownarea.
問題1選項
A.providedthat
B.nowthat
C.inthat
D.sothat
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。providedthat“如果;條件是”;nowthat“既然,由于”;inthat“因為,由于”;sothat“以便,所以”。句意:這里是建大學(xué)的理想場所,因為它離市中心很遠。選項C符合題意。
8.單選題
Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe“greatclasslesssociety”.Theideathatthe20thcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofgreatclichesofourtime.
Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:Monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthascompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.
Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,“survivalofthefittest”,and“mightisright“arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmeritfor“aristocracy”read“meritocracy”;inotherrespectssocietyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained
Genuineability,animalcunning,skilltheknackofseizingopportunities,allbringsmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem“agoodstartinlife”.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality.Wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.
Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality.Privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause(
).
3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess?
4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because(
).
5.Accordingtotheauthor,“classdivisions”refersto(
).
問題1選項
A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.
B.Equalitymeansmoney.
C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.
D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.
問題2選項
A.theprinciple“survivalofthefittest”exists.
B.natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.
C.materialrewardsareforgenuineability.
D.peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.
問題3選項
A.Thosewithwealth.
B.Thosewiththebestbrains..
C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.
D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.
問題4選項
A.moneydecideseverything.
B.privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.
C.peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.
D.wealthisusedforpoliticalends.
問題5選項
A.therichandthepoor.
B.differentopportunitiesforpeople.
C.oppressorandtheoppressed.
D.geniusandstupidity.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。A項Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem(20世紀的機會均等并沒有破壞階級制度)能更好概括本文主旨。
2.細節(jié)題。作者指出:自然在分配大腦和能力的時候,完全不考慮平等的原則。有智慧能力才能生存,才能獲報償,這已經(jīng)是不平等,因此即使獲同樣的受教育的機會,也不可能鏟除不平等。
3.細節(jié)題。第三段指出:英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。一個來自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其對立面獲得成功要快得多得多。因此推測,有錢人能夠快速獲得成功。
4.細節(jié)題。英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。因為有錢,才上得起私立學(xué)校。故選A。
5.推斷題。作者強調(diào)窮人,富人在天賦、教育機會等方面的差異造成即使是同樣的教育機會也不可能鏟除不平等,因此在作者眼里,真正的階級分化在于貧富差距。
9.單選題
Withonlyabout1000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That’smovesimilartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled“Noah’sArk”.
Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M’sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It’saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit’sverymuchlikewhatwe’reattemptinghereatTexasA&M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction.”
Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.
Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.
Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.
Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.
“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.“Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,”addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.
“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat’sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah’sArk.We’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere’salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.”
1.Theaimof“Noah’sArk”projectisto().
2.Theword“groundbreaking”(Paragraph7)canbeinterpreted().
3.WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?
4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe().
問題1選項
A.implantembryointoahostanimal
B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas
C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction
D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit
問題2選項
A.essentiallynew
B.pioneering
C.evolutionary
D.epoch-making
問題3選項
A.Lackofavailablepandaeggs.
B.Lackofhostanimals.
C.Lackofqualifiedresearchers.
D.Lackoffunds.
問題4選項
A.China-theNativePlaceofPandasForever
B.China’sEffortstoClonePandas
C.China’sFirstClonedPanda
D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“aim”可以定位到文章第三段Noah’sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct.Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.(諾亞方舟的目標是收集瀕危動物的卵子、胚胎、精液和DNA,并將它們儲存在液氮中。如果某些物種滅絕,克雷默說,未來將會有足夠的基本構(gòu)件來重新引入這個物種。),說明諾亞方舟項目的目標是拯救瀕危動物。因此C選項“拯救瀕臨滅絕的動物”正確。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“implantembryo”可以定位到文章第五段最后一句Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.(他們現(xiàn)在正試圖將胚胎植入宿主動物體內(nèi)。),這是中國科學(xué)家的做法,不是諾亞方舟項目的目標,所以A選項“將胚胎植入宿主動物體內(nèi)”錯誤。由B選項關(guān)鍵詞“salute”可以定位到文章第二段第一句hesalutestheChineseeffortand“Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.(他對中國的努力表示敬意,并說“我祝愿他們?nèi)〉米詈玫某晒?。”),這是克雷默博士對中國拯救大熊貓努力的態(tài)度,而不是諾亞方舟項目的目標,所以B選項“向中國拯救大熊貓的努力致敬”錯誤。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“introducecells”可以定位到文章第五段第一句ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.(中國科學(xué)家表示,他們將一只死去的雌性熊貓的細胞引入一只日本白兔的卵細胞中,培育出了一個胚胎。),這是中國科學(xué)家的做法,不是諾亞方舟項目的目標,所以D選項“將死亡雌性熊貓的細胞導(dǎo)入日本白兔的卵細胞”錯誤。
2.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“groundbreaking”可以定位到文章第七段第三句Ittakesalongtimeandit’sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.(這需要很長時間,也很困難,但如果成功的話,這可能將會成為科學(xué)史上的開拓。),這是科學(xué)上的一次開創(chuàng)性舉措,因此B選項“首創(chuàng)的;先驅(qū)的”正確。A選項“本質(zhì)上新的”,C選項“進化的”,D選項“劃時代的”均沒有開創(chuàng)、先驅(qū)的意思,所以A,C,D錯誤。
3.客觀細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“majorproblem”可以定位到文章第七段第一句“Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”Kraemerbelieves.(克雷默認為:“將一個物種的細胞核移植到另一個物種并不容易,而且缺乏可用的熊貓卵子可能是一個主要問題?!保┱f明克隆大熊貓的主要問題是缺乏熊貓的卵子。因此A選項“缺少可用的熊貓卵子”正確。B選項“缺乏宿主動物”,C選項“缺乏合格的研究人員”,D選項“缺乏資金”在文中均沒有提及,所以B,C,D錯誤。
4.主旨大意題。文章主要圍繞中國開展的克隆大熊貓的項目展開,首先說到中國克隆大熊貓的努力和諾亞方舟項目很相似,接著介紹了中國嘗試克隆大熊貓的具體舉措,最后說到這項研究是很值得、很有必要的。因此B選項“中國克隆大熊貓的努力”最適合作為文章的標題。A選項“中國——熊貓的故鄉(xiāng)”沒有說到中國正在努力克隆熊貓,所以A錯誤。C選項“中國第一只克隆熊貓”,中國現(xiàn)在還沒有成功克隆出熊貓,所以C錯誤。D選項“探索克隆熊貓的可能性”沒有提到中國做出的努力,所以D錯誤。
10.單選題
Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery().
問題1選項
A.obscure
B.indefinite
C.dubious
D.intriguing
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項obscure“昏暗的,晦澀的”,B項indefinite“不確定的,無限的”,C項dubious“可疑的,曖昧的”,D項intriguing“有趣的,迷人的”。根據(jù)句子前半句的句意“很少有人能聽懂教授的講座”可知,A項符合句意。句意:很少有人能聽懂教授的講座,因為它的主題非常晦澀。因此,該題選擇A項正確。
11.單選題
Thetestofanydemocraticsocietyliesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossible().
問題1選項
A.altitude
B.latitude
C.longitude
D.multitude
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項altitude“高地;高度;海拔”;B選項latitude“緯度;行動自由”;C選項longitude“經(jīng)度;經(jīng)線”;D選項multitude“群眾;多數(shù)”。句意:對任何一個民主社會的考驗不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見的表達,而在于這個社會是否給予思考和表達的盡可能廣泛的自由。由題干中“freedomofthoughtandexpression思想和表達自由”的提示可知“行動自由”符合語境,因此B選項正確。
12.單選題
Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersofcorruption,crime,poverty,andmoraldegradation.Theirdistrustwascaused,inpart,byanationalideologytheyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.Thisattitudeprevailedevenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessentialfeatureofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeoplemigratedfromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspiciouswiththem.Thesenewurbanities,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracetheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.
Oneofmanyreformscameintheareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedbymunicipalgovernments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedbyregulatingtheutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.
Whilesomereformsfocusedongovernmentandpublicbehavior,otherslookedatthecitiesasawhole.Civicleaders,convincedthatphysicalenvironmentinfluencedhumanbehavior,arguedthatcitiesshoulddevelopmasterplanstoguidetheirfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.Urbanrenewalinthetwentiethcenturyfollowedseveralcourses.Somecitesintroducedplanstocompletelyrebuildthecitycore.Mostothercitiescontentedthemselveswithzoningplansforregulatingfuturegrowth.Certainpartsoftownwererestrictedtoresidentialuse,whileothersweresetaideforindustrialorcommercialdevelopment.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatmostpeoplewholivedinruralareas()
3.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,manyruraldwellersmigratedtothecityinorderto()
4.Whatconcerndidreformershaveaboutprivatelyownedutilitycompanies?
5.AllofthefollowingwerethedirectresultofpublicutilityreformsEXCEPT()
6.Whydoestheauthormention"industrialization"inParagraph3?
問題1選項
A.Acomparisonofurbanandrurallifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.
B.Theroleofgovernmentintwentiethcenturyurbanrenewal.
C.Effortstoimproveurbanlifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.
D.Methodsofcontrollingurbangrowthinthetwentiethcentury.
問題2選項
A.weresuspiciousoftheirneighbors
B.wereveryproudoftheirlifestyle
C.believedcitygovernmenthadtoomuchpower
D.wantedtomovetothecities
問題3選項
A.participateintheurbanreformmovement
B.seekfinancialsecurity
C.complywithagovernmentordinance
D.avoidcrimeandcorruption
問題4選項
A.Theyfearedtheserviceswouldnotbemadeavailabletoallcitydwellers.
B.Theybelievedprivateownershipwouldsloweconomicgrowth.
C.Theydidnottrustthecompaniestoobeythegovernmentregulations.
D.Theywantedtoensurethattheserviceswouldbeprovidedtoruralareas.
問題5選項
A.localgovernmentsdeterminedtherateschargedbyprivateutilitycompanies
B.someutilitycompanieswereownedandoperatedbylocalgovernments
C.theavailabilityofserviceswasregulatedbylocalgovernment
D.privateutilitycompanieswererequiredtopayafeetolocalgovernments
問題6選項
A.Toexplainhowfasturbangrowthledtopoorlydesignedcities.
B.Toemphasizetheeconomicimportanceofurbanareas.
C.Tosuggestthatlabordisputeshadbecomeanurbanproblem.
D.Toillustratetheneedforconstructionofnewfactories.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
第6題:A
【解析】第1題:主旨題。文章第一段主要講述了美國人民對城市生活的看法,第二、三段主要講述城市改革。結(jié)合全文,選項C更能概括全文主題。
第2題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“theyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.”他們宣稱,這種意識形態(tài)宣揚的是最偉大的職業(yè)和農(nóng)村生活優(yōu)于城市生活。由此可以推斷居住在鄉(xiāng)下的人認為農(nóng)村生活好,這就是一種"自豪感"。選項B正確。
第3題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的五、六句“Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.”經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實戰(zhàn)勝了理想,為了獲得穩(wěn)定并且薪水高的工作,人們返回都市。選項B符合原文。
第4題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”改革者擔心私營的公用事業(yè)公司會對這些基本服務(wù)收取過高的費用,并且只向有能力承擔的人提供這些服務(wù)。也就是說并非所有城市居民都能享受這些服務(wù),選項A符合原文。
第5題:細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Proponents...guaranteeafairprice.”可知選項A和C正確;根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Waterandsewerage...wereprivatelyowned.”可知選項B正確;選項D私營公用事業(yè)公司被要求向地方政府支付費用曲解了原文“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”的意思。
第6題:細節(jié)推斷題。定位到第三段的第三句“Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.”城市規(guī)劃并不是什么新鮮事,但是19世紀晚期的快速工業(yè)化和城市發(fā)展卻沒有考慮到秩序,也就是說對于發(fā)展的布局沒有很好的構(gòu)思和設(shè)計,這個就是提到industrialization的目的。選項A正確。
13.單選題
3.
問題1選項
A.Inhisbag.
B.Bythelamp.
C.Inhishouse.
D.Noideaaboutwhereheleftit.
【答案】C
【解析】W:Whatareyoulookingfor?
M:Mylaptop.Ican’tfinditinmybagoranywhere.
W:Ican’trememberyoucarryingithere.Thinkaboutitonemoretime.
M:That’sright.Ileftitathome.
Q:Whereistheman’slaptop?
【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說:Ileftitathome,即他把電腦落家里了。
14.單選題
Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,however,savage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.
Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist,thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.
Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsassavage,undevelopedformofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.
Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindtheWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1)Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2)Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(thisandthat);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,andwhatisremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.
1.Theauthorconsidersthetermcultureas____.
2.Animportantfunctionofalanguage’svocabularyisitspowerto____.
3.The“backward”languagesoftensurpriseusbecauseoftheir____.
4.Whichtwoconceptsaretreatedasparallelsinthisselection?
5.Theauthorprobablymakesitapointtorefertotheprofessionalanthropologistandlinguistbecause____.
問題1選項
A.equivalenttocustoms
B.acivilizednotion
C.anunprejudicedconcept
D.traditional,whethersavageorcivilized
問題2選項
A.describeobjects
B.adaptitselfandexpand
C.narrateevents
D.borrowfromotherlanguages
問題3選項
A.complexdistinction
B.remotenessfromdailyhabits
C.severestandardsofexpression
D.savagegroansandgestures
問題4選項
A.Civilizationandculture.
B.Languageandsocialorder.
C.Cultureandanthropology.
D.Languageandculture.
問題5選項
A.hewantstoinfluencethem
B.nonprofessionalpeoplethinkdifferently
C.hefavorsthegroup
D.theyarenowpreparedinthefield
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】
Theauthorconsidersthetermcultureas____.作者認為“文化”一詞____。
A.equivalenttocustomsA.相當于習(xí)俗
B.acivilizednotionB.一個文明的概念
C.anunprejudicedconceptC.一個不帶偏見的概念
D.traditional,whethersavageorcivilizedD.傳統(tǒng)的,無論野蠻還是文明
【答案】C
【考查點】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thetermculture定位到原文第一、二段。第二段第一句提到“一種文化相對于另一種文化來說并不具有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)越性(nointrinsicsuperiority)”,由“沒有優(yōu)越性”可知,作者認為文化這個概念本身是不帶任何偏見的,C選項“一個不帶偏見的概念”符合原文。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“相當于習(xí)俗”,第一段第一句提到“文化是某一特定群體的所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗(customs)、信仰和生活方式的總和(thesumtotalofall)?!币虼?,習(xí)俗只是文化中的一部分,該選項屬于以偏概全;
B選項“一個文明的概念”,第一段第二句提到“每個群體都有一種文化,無論在我們看來它是多么的野蠻、不發(fā)達或未開化(uncivilized)?!庇纱丝芍?,即使在我們看來未開化的群體也擁有文化,所以說“文化是一個文明的概念”是不準確的,該選項表述錯誤,該選項屬于曲解原文;
D選項“傳統(tǒng)的,無論野蠻還是文明”,由A選項定位句可知,文化不僅僅包括傳統(tǒng)的內(nèi)容,該選項表述不準確,屬于以偏概全。
第2題:【選項釋義】
Animportantfunctionofalanguage’svocabularyisitspowerto____.一門語言的詞匯的一個重要功能就是它能____。
A.describeobjectsA.描述對象
B.adaptitselfandexpandB.適應(yīng)和擴展
C.narrateeventsC.敘述事件
D.borrowfromotherlanguagesD.借用其他語言
【答案】B
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞function和alanguage’svocabulary可定位到原文第四段。本段第三句提到“然而,即使在這一領(lǐng)域,也有兩件事需要注意:所有語言似乎都具有擴大詞匯量的機制(vocabularyexpansion),有的把已有的詞匯組合在一起(puttingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistence),有的從其他語言中借用詞匯并使之適應(yīng)自己的語言系統(tǒng)(borrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem)?!庇伞皵U大詞匯量”和“使借用詞匯適應(yīng)自己的語言系統(tǒng)”可知,B選項“適應(yīng)和擴展”最符合原文。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“描述對象”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;
C選項“敘述事件”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;
D選項“借用其他語言”,是擴展的方式之一,包含在B選項中,該選項屬于以偏概全。
第3題:【選項釋義】
The“backward”languagesoftensurpriseusbecauseoftheir____.“落后的”語言經(jīng)常讓我們感到驚訝,因為它們的____。
A.complexdistinctionA.復(fù)雜的區(qū)別
B.remotenessfromdailyhabitsB.遠離日常習(xí)慣
C.severestandardsofexpressionC.嚴格的表達標準
D.savagegroansandgesturesD.野蠻的呻吟和手勢
【答案】A
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞surpriseus定位到原文第四段倒數(shù)第二句,該句提到“在‘落后的’語言中,需要名稱和區(qū)別的(requiringnamesanddistinctions)對象和活動,往往驚人的(surprisingly)多且復(fù)雜(numerousandcomplicated)?!庇纱丝芍?,在“落后的”語言中,對象和活動的名稱和區(qū)別驚人的多且驚人的復(fù)雜。因此,A選項“復(fù)雜的區(qū)別”符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“遠離日常習(xí)慣”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;
C選項“嚴格的表達標準”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;
D選項“野蠻的呻吟和手勢”,可定位到原文第三段,該段第一句提到“人們曾經(jīng)認為落后群體的語言是野蠻的、不發(fā)達的語言(savage,undevelopedformofspeech),主要由咕噥和呻吟組成(gruntsandgroans)”,由此可知,“野蠻的呻吟和手勢”是人們本來就有的認知,在他們看來并不會驚奇,該選項表述錯誤,屬于曲解原文。
第4題:【選項釋義】
Whichtwoconceptsaretreatedasparallelsinthisselection?在這個選擇題中,哪兩個概念被視為是相似的?
A.Civilizationandculture.A.文明與文化。
B.Languageandsocialorder.B.語言和社會秩序。
C.Cultureandanthropology.C.文化和人類學(xué)。
D.Languageandculture.D.語言和文化。
【答案】D
【考查點】事實細節(jié)題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞treatedasparallels定位到原文第二段。本段將文化與語言進行類比,提到“對于專業(yè)人類學(xué)家來說,一種文化并不比另一種文化具有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)越性,就像對于專業(yè)語言學(xué)家來說,語言之間沒有內(nèi)在的等級制度一樣?!庇纱丝芍幕c語言,在沒有優(yōu)劣這一點上是類似的。因此,D選項“語言和文化”符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“文明與文化”,原文并未提到文明,該選項屬于無中生有;
B選項“語言和社會秩序”,原文并未提到社會秩序,該選項屬于無中生有;
C選項“文化和人類學(xué)”,原文只是提到了人類學(xué)家,該選項屬于偷換概念。
第5題:【選項釋義】
Theauthorprobablymakesitapointtorefertotheprofessionalanthropologistandlinguistbecause____.作者提及專業(yè)人類學(xué)家和語言學(xué)家,可能是因為____。
A.hewantstoinfluencethemA.他想影響他們
B.nonprofessionalpeoplethinkdifferentlyB.非專業(yè)人士的想法不同
C.hefavorsthegroupC.他喜歡這個群體
D.theyarenowpreparedinthefieldD.在這個領(lǐng)域他們現(xiàn)在準備好了
【答案】D
【考查點】推理判斷題
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞professionalanthropologistandlinguist定位到原文第二段。該段提到專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家和語言學(xué)家,說明不同的文化和不同的語言一樣,都是平等的,沒有優(yōu)劣之分。至于為什么要提到“專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家和語言學(xué)家”,因為他們是專業(yè)人士,比較權(quán)威,引用他們的觀點,更有說服力。D選項“在這個領(lǐng)域他們現(xiàn)在準備好了”,即他們對各自的領(lǐng)域都有了一定的研究,有專業(yè)知識儲備,比較權(quán)威,符合題意。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“他想影響他們”,本文的話題是文化和語言,“人類學(xué)家和語言學(xué)家”并不是重點,原文也不涉及作者想影響他們,該選項屬于無中生有;
B選項“非專業(yè)人士的想法不同”,他們是專業(yè)人士,原文也沒有提及非專業(yè)人士,該選項屬于無中生有;
C選項“他喜歡這個群體”,本文是一篇比較正式的文章,如果單純憑個人喜好選擇內(nèi)容,可能過于隨便,不符合文章行文邏輯。
15.單選題
Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoen
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