考研考博-英語-山東化工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東化工職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Atmidnight,hedrovethroughstreets（

）oftraffic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.empty

B.lacking

C.lack

D.crowded

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析。emptyof“無，沒有”；lackof“缺乏”；crowdedwith“擁擠，擠滿……”。句意：午夜時(shí)分，他開車穿過空無一人的街道。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多樣化”；alter“改變，更改；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別。句意：動(dòng)機(jī)水平因人而異，因此，重要的是要分別對(duì)待每個(gè)病人的心理問題，并針對(duì)每個(gè)問題提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Wateristhegiverand,atthesametime,thetakeroflife.Itcoversmostofthesurfaceoftheplanetweliveonandfeatureslargeinthedevelopmentofthehumanrace.Onpresentpredictions,itisancementthatissettoassumeevengreatersignificance.

Throughouthistory,waterhashadahugeimpactonourlives.Humankindhasalwayshadaratherambiguousrelationshipwithwater,ontheonehandreceivingenormousbenefitfromit,notjustasadrinkingsource,butasaprovideroffoodandameanswherebytotravelandtotrade.Butforcedtoliveclosetowaterinordertosurviveandtodevelop,therelationshiphasnotalwaysbeenpeacefulorbeneficial.Infact,ithasbeenquitethecontrary.Whathasessentiallybeenanecessityforsurvivalwasturnedoutinmanyinstancestohaveaverydestructiveandlife-threateningside.

Throughtheages,greatfloodsalternatedwithlongperiodsofdroughthaveassaultedpeopleandtheirenvironment,hamperingtheirfragilefightforsurvival.Thedramaticchangestotheenvironmentthatarenowafeatureofourdailynewsarenotexactlynew:fieldsthatwereoncelushandfertilearenowbarren;lakesandriversthatwereonceteemingwithlifearenowlonggone;savannahhasbeenturnedtodesert.Whatperhapsisnewisournativewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.

Today,wearemoreawareofclimaticchangesaroundtheworld.Floodsinfar-flungplacesareinstantnewsforthewholeworld.Perhapstheseeventsmakeusfeelbetteraswefacethedestructionofourownpropertybyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.

In2002,manypartsofEuropesufferedsevereflooddamagerunningintobillionsofeuros.Propertiesacrossthecontinentcollapsedintotheseaaswavespoundedthecoastlinewreakinghavocwithseadefenses.Butitwasnotjusttheseas.Riversswollenbyheavyrainsandbytheeffectsofdeforestationcarriedlargevolumesofwaterthatwreckedmanycommunities.

Buildingstrongerandmoresophisticatedriverdefensesagainstfloodingistheexpensiveshort-termanswer.Therearesimplerways.Plantingtreesinhighlandareas,notjustinEuropebutinplacesliketheGangesDelta,isacheaperandmoreattractivesolution.Progressisalreadybeingmadeinconvincingcountriesthattheemissionofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesiscausingconsiderabledamagetotheenvironment.Butmoreeffortisneededinthisdirection.

Andthefuture?Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.Butforagrowingnumberofregionsoftheworldthefutureisalreadywithus.Whilesomeareasaredevastatedbyflooding,scarcityofwaterinmanyotherplacesiscausingconflict.ThestateofTexasintheUnitedStatesofAmericaissufferingashortageofwaterwiththeRioGrandefailingtoreachtheGulfofMexicoforthefirsttimein50yearsinthespringof2002,pittingregionagainstregionastheyvieforwatersources.Withmanypartsofthegloberunningdrythroughdroughtandincreasedwaterconsumption,thereisnowtalkofwaterbeingthenewoil.

Otherdoom-ladenestimatessuggestthat,whiletropicalareaswillbecomedrieranduninhabitable,coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbytheseaasthepolaricecapsmelt.Popularexoticdestinationsnowvisitedbycountlesstouristswillbecomeno-goareas.Today'sholidayhotspotsofsouthernEuropeandelsewherewillliterallybecomehotspots—toohottoliveinorvisit.Withthecurrenterraticbehavioroftheweather,itisdifficultnottosubscribetosuchdespair.

Somemightsaythatthisdespondencyisill-founded,butwehavehadampleproofthatthereissomethingnotquiterightwiththeclimate.Manypartsoftheworldhaveexperienceddevastatingflooding.Astheseasonsrevolve,thefocusofthedestructionmovesfromonecontinenttoanother.Theimpactontheenvironmentisalarmingandthecosttolifedepressing.Itisapicturetowhichwewillneedtobecomeaccustomed.

1.Thewriterbelievesthatwater（）

2.Humankind'srelationshipwithwaterhasbeen（）

3.Thewritersuggeststhat（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,plantingtrees（）

5.By2025,itisprojectedthat（）

6.Accordingtothepassage,inthefuturelow-lyingislands（）

7.Accordingtothewriter,（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isgraduallybecomingofgreaterimportance

B.willhavelittleimpactonourlivesinfuture

C.issomethingwewillneedmorethananythingelse

D.willhaveevengreaterimportanceinourlivesinfuture

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.two-sided

B.one-side

C.purelyoneofgreatbenefit

D.fairlyfrightening

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.weareinaweofthenewswereadandseeonTVeveryday

B.changetotheenvironmentleavesusspeechless

C.weshouldnotbeinaweofthenewswereadandseeonTVeveryday

D.oursurpriseattheenvironmentalchangebroughtaboutbynatureissomethingnew

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hastobecoordinatedinternationally

B.ismoreexpensivethanbuildingseaandriverdefenses

C.isalessexpensiveanswertofloodinginallregions

D.isnotananswertotheproblemoffloodinginallregions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.atleasthalftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

B.one-thirdoftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

C.themajorityoftheworldpopulationwillhavefreshwater

D.freshwaterwillonlybeavailabletohalfoftheworldpopulation

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.willstillbehabitable

B.willnotbeunderwater

C.arelikelytobeunderwater

D.willprobablynotbeunderwater

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.peopledonotneedtogetusedtoenvironmentaldamage

B.peoplewillneedtogetusedtoclimatechangesthatcauseenvironmentaldamage

C.peoplearenowmoreusedtoenvironmentaldamagethantheyhavebeeninthepast

D.thegeneraldespondencyaboutenvironmentalchangesisill-founded

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Onpresentpredictions,itisacementthatissettoassumeevengreatersignificance.”可知選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Humankindhasalwayshadaratherambiguousrelationshipwithwater.”人類與水一直有一種相當(dāng)模糊的關(guān)系，一方面...（積極的），另一方面...（消極的）。所以說是雙面性的，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Whatperhapsisnewisournativewonderwhenfacedwiththeforcesofnature.”也許當(dāng)我們面對(duì)自然的力量時(shí)，我們對(duì)此感到驚奇，覺得這是一件新鮮事。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“plantingtrees”定位到第六段第三句“Plantingtrees...isacheaperandmoreattractivesolution.”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“2025”定位到第七段第二句“Ifwearetobelievetheforecasts,itispredictedthattwothirdsoftheworldpopulationwillbewithoutfreshwaterby2025.”到2025年世界人口的三分之二將沒有淡水。選項(xiàng)B世界人口的三分之一擁有淡水，換了一種表達(dá)方法，但符合原文。

第6題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ow-lyingislands”定位到原文第八段首句“...coastalregionsandsomelow-lyingislandswillinallprobabilitybesubmergedbythesea...”沿海地區(qū)和一些低洼島嶼極有可能被海水淹沒。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第7題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“Theimpactontheenvironmentisalarmingandthecosttolifedepressing.Itisapicturetowhichwewillneedtobecomeaccustomed.”環(huán)境影響令人擔(dān)憂，生活需要付出的代價(jià)令人沮喪。這是我們需要習(xí)慣的畫面。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.單選題

Bothdog'sdietandstructureare_______tothoseofthehumanbeing,andsoithasbeenthesubjectofcountlessdemonstrationsandexperiments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparable

B.comparative

C.equal

D.contrary

【答案】A

【解析】comparable比得上;comparative比較的,相當(dāng)?shù)摹＞湟猓汗返娘嬍澈徒Y(jié)構(gòu)都可以與人類相比,因此它已經(jīng)成為無數(shù)演示和實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)象。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Thosewhoanticipatepricechangescorrectlycanoftengainfinanciallyfromtheirforesight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forecast

B.vision

C.estimate

D.talent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.forecast預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)B.vision眼力，遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)

C.estimate（對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等的）估計(jì)，估價(jià)D.talent天資，天賦

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】foresight的意思為“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮，先見之明”，指的是有先見之明的人可以正確預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)格變化，因此就可以獲得可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)事物發(fā)展的洞察力，vision與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】那些正確預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)格變化的人往往能從他們的遠(yuǎn)見中獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。

6.單選題

Theformandphysiologyofleavesvaryaccordingtothe（）inwhichtheydevelop:forexample,leavesdisplayawiderangeofadaptationstodifferentdegreesoflightandmoisture.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relationship

B.environment

C.sequence

D.arrangement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relationship“關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”；B選項(xiàng)environment“環(huán)境，外界”；C選項(xiàng)sequence“序列，順序，續(xù)發(fā)事件”；D選項(xiàng)arrangement“布置，安排”。句意：葉片的形態(tài)和生理機(jī)能因其生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的不同而不同：例如，葉片對(duì)不同程度的光照和濕度表現(xiàn)出廣泛的適應(yīng)性。選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

7.單選題

Webeganwithanexperiment.Themanaskedmetomakeadrawingonablankpieceofpaper.ImadeasketchofacreatureIhadinventedsometimeagotoamusemychildren.WhenIhadfinished,heaskedmetocoverthedrawingwithmyhand.ThenheaskedmetoconcentratehardandtotrytotransmitthethoughtofwhatIhadsketchedAminutewentbywithnoresult.Heshookhishead,"itseemsverycomplicated:isitakindofamoeba?"Slowlyandhesitantlyhebegantodrawthecreature’srightear-thespotwhereI’vealwaysbeginthedrawing.“you’vegotit.”Isaid."Goon!"Hecompletedthedrawingquickly.IhadcarefullyredrawnthepictureinmymindasItriedtotransmitit—whichprobablyaccountsfortheidenticalstartingpoint.

Themanthendemonstratedotherpower.Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal.Hehadalittletroubletryingtobreakmycarkey.However,heplaceditagainstametalradiator,andafterafewseconds,said,46Itisstartingtogo.Thekeysnappedintwo.

Thenhetriedtotransmitapicturetomebytelepathy.Iattemptedtomakemymindreceptive,butnoimagecameintoit.Feelingratherembarrassed,Ijustdrewthefirstthingthatcameintomyhead:checkmark.Themanshowedmethepieceofpaperhewasholding.ItcontainedamirrorimageofthesymbolIhaddrawn.Itcouldbesignificantinthisconnectionthatthemanisleft-handed.

AfterIlefttheroom,Ibegantosiftmyimpressions.Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror.Ihadtoadmitthatmostofthethingshaddonecouldhavebeentricks.Forinstance,snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror.ButhowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?Andifthatfeatwasduetogenuinetelepathicpower,theotherdemonstrationscouldalsobegenuine.

1.Inline11,“derives”mostnearlymeans（

）.

2.Itbeinferredfromline19-25thatthetelepathist’sdemonstrationswouldappearmostconvincingtoacriticalobserverifthetelepathistwereto

（

）.

3.The“acquaintance”mentionedinline19canbestbedescribedasa

（

）.

4.Whichphrasebestcharacterizestheauthor’sgeneralattitudeinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obtains

B.infers

C.connects

D.traces

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providemoreinformationabouthisbackground

B.critiquetheperformancesofothertelepathist

C.performinarigorouslycontrolledenvironment

D.talkaboutwhatheisdoingasheperforms

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.skeptic

B.hypocrite

C.hoaxer

D.confidant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Completeindifferent

B.righteousindignation

C.Cynicalamusement

D.guardedacceptance

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在第二段第二句Hemadethehandsofmywatchturnbacktwohoursandthedategoforwardtwodaysbystrokingacoinplacedoveritsface,explainingafterwardthathederivespowerfrommetal（通過撫摸放在臉上的硬幣，他把我的手表指針調(diào)慢了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，日期也調(diào)回到了兩天前，他解釋說這是為了從金屬那里……力量）。可以推測(cè)“他解釋這種力量是從金屬那里得到的”，derive在這里是“獲得，得到”的意思。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章最后一段提到作者對(duì)于心靈感應(yīng)者其他一些手段他能夠識(shí)破，比如snappingthekeyswithhisfingersandalteringthehandsanddateonmywatchwiththewinderwouldhavebeenwellwithintheabilityofaskilledconjuror，但是作者對(duì)如何偽造畫這一過程不明白，因?yàn)檫@是他重構(gòu)的畫（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?），這件事也是作者正在做的一件事。因此可以推測(cè)，如果當(dāng)表演的時(shí)候，談?wù)摰氖钦谧龅氖虑?，那么心靈感應(yīng)者的表演會(huì)更有說服力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.題干中的單詞出現(xiàn)在文章最后一段第二句話Onlythedaybefore,anacquaintancehadwarnedmetowatchcarefullyforsleight-of-handtricks,especiallyasthemanhadearlierbeenastageconjuror（就在前兩天，我的一個(gè)……還警告我要小心戲法，特別是當(dāng)那個(gè)人以前是個(gè)舞臺(tái)魔術(shù)師的時(shí)候。）警告者要作者當(dāng)心舞臺(tái)上的一些小把戲，證明他對(duì)魔術(shù)師的花招比較了解。選項(xiàng)A符合題意，這個(gè)警告者是一個(gè)懷疑者。

4.作者在最后一段提到他承認(rèn)很多舞臺(tái)上的表演其實(shí)是戲法，但是作者對(duì)如何偽造畫這一過程不明白，因?yàn)檫@是他重構(gòu)的畫（buthowcouldhehavefakedthedrawingofwhatIhaddrawn?）。證明作者對(duì)有些部分還是有疑問的。所以選項(xiàng)D“有保留的接受”符合題意。

8.單選題

Weneedtobemore（

）totheneedsoftheyoungstudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensitive

B.sensational

C.sensory

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；sensational“轟動(dòng)的，聳人聽聞的”；sensory“感知的，知覺的”；sensible“明智的，通情達(dá)理的”。句意：我們需要對(duì)青年學(xué)生的需求更加敏感。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Notlongagosocialmediaheldoutthepromiseofamoreenlightenedpolitics,asaccurateinformationandeffortlesscommunicationhelpedgoodpeopledriveoutcorruption,bigotry(偏執(zhí))andlies.YetFacebookacknowledgedthatbeforeandafter2016Americanpresidentialelection,146millionusersmayhaveseenRussianmisinformationonitsplatform.Farfrombringingenlightenment,socialmediahavebeenspreadingpoison.And,becauseofhowtheywork,theywieldextraordinaryinfluence.Theymaketheirmoneybyputtingphotos,personalposts,newsstoriesandadsinfrontofyou.Theycollectdataaboutyouinordertohavealgorithms(計(jì)算程序)todeterminewhatwillcatchyoureye,inan“attentioneconomy”thatkeepsusersscrolling,clickingandsharingagainandagainandagain.EveryonewhohasscrolledthroughFacebookknowsthat,insteadofimpartingwisdom,thesystemdishesoutcompulsivestuffthattendstoreinforcepeople’sbiases.

【答案】不久前，隨著精準(zhǔn)的信息和毫不費(fèi)力的交流幫助好人挖出了腐敗、趕走了偏執(zhí)，擊敗了謊言，社會(huì)媒體展示了一個(gè)更加開明的政治的前景。然而，F(xiàn)acebook承認(rèn)，在2016年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選前后，1.46億用戶可能在其平臺(tái)上看到了俄羅斯的虛假信息。社交媒體非但沒有帶來啟迪，反而在傳播毒藥。而且，由于他們的工作方式，他們具有非凡的影響力。他們通過在你面前放照片、個(gè)人帖子、新聞故事和廣告來賺錢。他們收集關(guān)于你的數(shù)據(jù)，以便在一個(gè)讓用戶不斷滾動(dòng)、點(diǎn)擊和分享的“注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)”中，有算法來決定什么會(huì)吸引你的眼球。每個(gè)瀏覽過Facebook的人都知道，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)并沒有傳授智慧，而是發(fā)布一些強(qiáng)迫性的東西，這些東西往往會(huì)強(qiáng)化人們的偏見。

10.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對(duì)她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Chadperformshis24-footaluminumboatpastyoungwillowtreesthatstickoutofthewatersoftheMississippiRiver.Sunshinedancesoffmaples,theirbranchesheavywith（1）springleaves.Buta

（2）inspectiondisclosestroublebehindthebeautifulsight.Rubbishis

（3）inalogjamandhangsfromthetrees’branches.

ForthenextthreehoursChasandhisteampullplasticbags,tanks,bottlesandevenbowlingpinsoutofthewater.Thenthey（4）forapicnictablecaughtinthetrees.

TheMississippiRiverBeautification&RestorationProjectbeganin1997（5）Chad’sone-manefforttopickuprubbishalonga400-milestretchofthe2340-mileriverstarted.Thatyear,oftenworking

（6）,the22-year-oldcleaned150milesofshoreline.

Atfirsttheprojectappearedimpossibleanduseless.ButChadtriedhisbesttofindsupporters,andwiththeirsupporting,hesoonhadanew

（7）andafive-manteam—theBoomCraneCrew.Lastyearalonethecrewpulledfromthewater44051gallondrums,1104tyresandenoughplasticbagstocoverafootballfield.Muchofthewastewillbe（8）.

“Chad’soperationistheonlyone（9）

inprogressontheriver,”saysMarkoftheMississippiRiverBasinAlliance,a（10）ofenvironmentalgroups.“It’sthebiggestI’veeverseenin20years,andheisinspiringotherstodothesame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ripe

B.brown

C.falling

D.fresh

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.slower

B.quicker

C.closer

D.stricter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.placed

B.piled

C.trapped

D.thrown

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.come

B.give

C.head

D.arrive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.by

C.for

D.as

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.alone

B.hard

C.quietly

D.happily

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.car

B.boat

C.plan

D.crew

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.burned

B.buried

C.used

D.recycled

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.eagerly

B.actually

C.strongly

D.generally

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.lab

B.market

C.union

D.meeting

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】（1）考查上下文語義。空格處修飾的詞語是leaves“樹葉”，其前面還有一個(gè)spring“春天的”修飾，春天的樹葉應(yīng)是D選項(xiàng)fresh“新鮮的”。

（2）考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)slower“較慢的”；B選項(xiàng)quicker“快一些”；C選項(xiàng)closer“更近些”；D選項(xiàng)stricter“更嚴(yán)格一點(diǎn)”。句意：但是……的檢查揭示了美麗景象背后的問題。只有更仔細(xì)些觀看才能發(fā)現(xiàn)美景后的問題，而仔細(xì)看的第一步是“靠近些看”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處為be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。A選項(xiàng)place“放置；任命；寄予”；B選項(xiàng)pile“累積；堆積”；C選項(xiàng)trap“使……陷入困境；捕捉”；D選項(xiàng)throw“投擲；拋”。句意：垃圾被漂浮阻塞的木頭……，或掛在樹枝上。河道上的木頭會(huì)把垃圾圈起來，一起漂浮在河面，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）考查固定搭配。本句表示：接著他們駛向卡在樹中間的野餐桌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)head才可與空格后的for搭配，headfor表示“向……進(jìn)發(fā)”。

（5）考查時(shí)間狀語從句的用法。空格前后是兩個(gè)完整句子，因此空格處應(yīng)填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞，先排除B和C。句中說到的“密西西比河美化和還原項(xiàng)目”開始于Chad的“收集垃圾”行動(dòng)。因此主句與從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，排除A選項(xiàng)when，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）考查副詞辨析?？崭裉幵~語修飾前面的working因此為副詞詞性。A選項(xiàng)alone“獨(dú)自地”；B選項(xiàng)hard“努力地；困難地”；C選項(xiàng)quietly“安靜地；秘密地；平穩(wěn)地”；D選項(xiàng)happily“快樂地；幸福地”。句意：那一年，22歲的他經(jīng)常……工作，清理了150英里長(zhǎng)的海岸線。上一句說到“one-maneffort一個(gè)人的努力”，因此A選項(xiàng)workingalone更符合文意。

（7）考查上下文語義。文章開頭提到了交通工具“24-footaluminumboat24英尺鋁船”，這里對(duì)應(yīng)的交通工具也應(yīng)是船，指Chad獲得支持后，有了新的船和一個(gè)五人團(tuán)隊(duì)、B選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）上下文語義。上一句說到，收集的垃圾是“gallondrum加侖桶、tyre輪胎和plasticbag塑料袋”，因此這些垃圾應(yīng)該被recycled“回收利用”，而不是焚燒或掩埋，自然也無法再使用。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eagerly“急切地；渴望地”；B選項(xiàng)actually“實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)strongly“鑒定地；強(qiáng)有力地”；D選項(xiàng)generally“通常；普遍地”。句意：……查德是唯一一個(gè)在河上開展此活動(dòng)的人。綜合句意及選項(xiàng)可知，此處B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上”符合邏輯與語境。

（10）考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lab“實(shí)驗(yàn)室”；B選項(xiàng)market“市場(chǎng)；行情”；C選項(xiàng)union“聯(lián)盟；工會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)meeting“會(huì)議；集合”?？崭裉幉糠质怯脕硌a(bǔ)充說明逗號(hào)前的“theMississippiRiverBasinAlliance密西西比河流域聯(lián)盟”，因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorecrazy,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科技和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步正在使我們能夠去了解宇宙最遠(yuǎn)的地方、物質(zhì)最基本的成分和生命的奇跡。

與此同時(shí)，人類今天的作為和不作為，不僅危及地球上的生命，且還危害地球本身的壽命。

全球化正在讓世界變得更小、更快速地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和更富裕。但是，9/11事件和禽流感卻提醒我們一個(gè)更小、更快速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的世界不一定是一個(gè)更安全的世界。

我們的世界正充滿知識(shí)，但其迫切需要智慧。現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出正變得更短、即時(shí)信息排擠短文和和個(gè)人生活變得更瘋狂時(shí)，能夠深思的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是我們這個(gè)世界所需要的。

由于這些原因，我相信，并且我今天甚至更堅(jiān)定地相信，大學(xué)有著獨(dú)特的且無可取代的使命。

13.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對(duì)于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項(xiàng)D他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因?yàn)樘幱谝粋€(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì),才會(huì)有真正幸福的生活。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會(huì)制度形式，……在這種社會(huì)安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會(huì)安排的目的。”由此可知，作者提出了充分發(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對(duì)待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof（

）,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegance

B.resolution

C.sympathy

D.originality

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)elegance“典雅；高雅”；B選項(xiàng)resolution“分辨率；解決；決心”；C選項(xiàng)sympathy“同情；贊同”；D選項(xiàng)originality“創(chuàng)意；獨(dú)創(chuàng)性；原始”。句意：許多藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為，成功的模仿遠(yuǎn)不是缺乏······的表現(xiàn)，而是學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)造的第一步。句中出現(xiàn)的“模仿”、“學(xué)會(huì)創(chuàng)造”表明，此處應(yīng)表示“模仿成功不是缺乏創(chuàng)造力的表現(xiàn)”。D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

I.(本題3段，每段10分)

Afterweseeanobjectseveraltimes,webegintorecognizeit.Theobjectisinfrontofusandweknowaboutit,butwedonotseeit—hence,wecannotsayanythingsignificantaboutit.Artremovesobjectsfromtheautomatismofperceptioninseveralways.HereIwanttoillustrateawayusedrepeatedlybyLeoTolstoy,thatwriterwho,forMerezhkovskyatleast,seemstopresentthingsasifhehimselfsawthem,andsawthemintheirentirety,anddidnotalterthem.

—VictorShklovsky,ArtasTechniqueMaywereallyattempttocomparetheimaginativewriterwiththe“dreamerinbroaddaylight,”andhiscreationswithdaydreams?…Onefeatureaboveallcannotfailtostrikeusaboutthecreationsofthesestory-writers:eachofthemhasaherowhoisthecenterofinterest,forwhomthewritertriestowinoursympathybyeverypossiblemeansandwhomheseemstoplaceundertheprotectionofaspecialprovidence.…ThefeelingofsecuritywithwhichIfollowtheherothroughhisperilousadventuresisthesameasthefeelingwithwhichaheroinreallifethrowshimselfintothewatertosaveadrowningmanorexposeshimselftotheenemy’sfireinordertostormabattery.Itisthetrueheroicfeeling,whichoneofourbestwritershasexpressedinaninimitablephrase:“Nothingcanhappentome!”Itseemstome,however,thatthroughthisrevealingcharacteristicofinvulnerabilitywecanimmediatelyrecognizeHisMajestytheEgo,theheroalikeofeverydaydreamandofeverystory.

—SigmundFreud,CreativeWritersandDaydreamingIcallthecombinationofaconceptandasound-imageasign,butincurrentusagethetermgenerallydesignatesonlyasound-image,aword,forexample(arbor,etc.)Onetendstoforgetthatarboriscalledasignonlybecauseitcarriestheconcept“tree,”withtheresultthattheideaofthesensorypartimpliestheideaofthewhole.

Ambiguitywoulddisappearifthethreenotionsinvolvedhereweredesignatedbythreenames,eachsuggestingandopposingtheothers.Iproposetoretainthewordsigntodesignatethewholeandtoreplaceconceptandsound-imagerespectivelybysignifiedandsignifier;thelasttwotermshavetheadvantageofindicatingtheoppositionthatseparatesthemfromeachotherandfromthewholeofwhichtheyareparts.

—FerdinanddeSaussure,CourseinGeneralLinguistics

【答案】當(dāng)我們多次看到一個(gè)物體后，我們就開始辨別出它。物體就在我們面前，我們知道它，但我們看不到它。因此，我們不能說任何關(guān)于這個(gè)物體的有意義的事情。藝術(shù)通過幾種方式將物體從無意識(shí)行為的感知中移除。在這里，我想說明列夫?托爾斯泰反復(fù)使用的一種方法，至少在