考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Asoneoftheworld’shighestpaidmodels,shehadherface______forfivemilliondollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.posited

B.assured

C.measured

D.insured

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.posited假設(shè)；認(rèn)定B.assured使確信

C.measured測量；度量D.insured投保

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句的句意“作為世界上收入最高的模特之一”，結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞face可推知，她為自己的臉投保，空格處表示“投?！狈暇湟?，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】作為世界上收入最高的模特之一，她為自己的臉投保了500萬美元。

2.單選題

Whileafullunderstandingofwhatcausesthediseasemaybeseveralyearsaway,（

）leadingtoasuccessfultreatmentcouldcomesooner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adistinction

B.aninterpretation

C.abreakthrough

D.anidentification

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管要完全了解這種病的病因可能還需要幾年時(shí)間，但成功治療此病的突破性的進(jìn)展卻可能來得更快。

考查名詞辨析。Distinction榮譽(yù),差別,優(yōu)秀;interpretation解釋,闡釋;breakthrough突破,突破性進(jìn)展;identification鑒定,辨認(rèn),確認(rèn)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞while可知句子前后形成對(duì)比關(guān)系。C項(xiàng)與前面句意形成對(duì)比關(guān)系。故選C。

3.單選題

Thedoctorenjoyedbothhisworkandhislife.Hehadneverfeltany______betweenthesetwothings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conflict

B.constrict

C.construct

D.constraint

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)conflict“矛盾心態(tài)；（信念、觀點(diǎn)、利益之間的）沖突”；B選項(xiàng)constrict“約束；收縮”；C選項(xiàng)construct“建造；構(gòu)造”；D選項(xiàng)constraint“限制；約束”。句意：這位醫(yī)生熱愛他的工作和生活。在這兩件事之間，他從未感覺到任何______。根據(jù)語境，同時(shí)熱愛工作和生活，表明這兩者沒有矛盾，conflict“矛盾心態(tài)；（信念、觀點(diǎn)、利益之間的）沖突”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)savings“積蓄；節(jié)省物”；B選項(xiàng)storage“貯存”是不可數(shù)名詞；C選項(xiàng)stocks“存貨；股份”；D選項(xiàng)reserves“儲(chǔ)備”。填一個(gè)名詞做主語，Grain做其定語，由不定式的內(nèi)容可知reserves“儲(chǔ)備”符合題意，句意為：糧食儲(chǔ)備是用來保證非農(nóng)業(yè)人口消費(fèi)和應(yīng)對(duì)嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的。故答案選D。

5.翻譯題

面對(duì)多變的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢，我們主張要大力推動(dòng)開放創(chuàng)新。國際金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)7年來的實(shí)踐證明，唯有同舟共濟(jì)，才能渡過難關(guān)。在相互依存的世界里，各國有權(quán)根據(jù)自己的國情制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，但是也應(yīng)加強(qiáng)同其他國家的宏觀政策協(xié)調(diào)，擴(kuò)大利益匯合點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展。歐洲有諺語講：“面對(duì)變革之風(fēng)，有人砌圍墻，有人轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)車?！蔽覀兂珜?dǎo)順勢而為，堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)自由貿(mào)易，旗幟鮮明反對(duì)保護(hù)主義，積極擴(kuò)大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，打造全球價(jià)值鏈，迎接新科技革命的到來。宏觀政策固然重要，但結(jié)構(gòu)性改革勢在必行，這是國際社會(huì)的共識(shí)。盡管難度很大，但也應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持去做，這樣才能形成全球創(chuàng)新合力，增強(qiáng)世界發(fā)展的新動(dòng)能。

【答案】Inaworldfacingvolatileeconomicsituation,weshouldallworktopromoteopening-upandinnovation.Whathashappenedsincetheoutbreakoftheinternationalfinancialcrisissevenyearsagoprovesthattoworkinunityisthesurestwayforcountriestogetoverthedifficulties.Weareallinterdependentinthisworld.Whileweeachhavetherighttoadopteconomicpoliciesinlinewithnationalconditions,weneedtostrengthenmacro-policycoordinationtoexpandtheconvergenceofinterestsandachievecommondevelopment.AnEuropeanproverbsays,“whenthewindofchangeblows,somebuildwalls,whileothersbuildwindmills.”Weneedtoactalongthetrendofourtime,firmlyadvancefreetrade,resolutelyrejectprotectionism,andactivelyexpandregionaleconomiccooperation.Weneedtobuildglobalvaluechains,andseizetheopportunityofanewtechnologicalrevolution.Whiletheinternationalcommunityagreeontheimportanceofmacro-policiestotheeconomy,theyalsorecognizetheurgencytogoaheadwithstructuralreform.Structuralreformmustbecarriedthroughnomatterhowdifficultitis,asitisaneffectivewaytofosterconditionsconducivetoglobalinnovationandbringaboutnewmomentumforglobaldevelopment.

6.單選題

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“頌詞”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“頂點(diǎn)”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他們的全盛時(shí)期，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量是本國其他所有團(tuán)隊(duì)的銷售量總和。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Themountaintopwas（）visibleinthemistysummermorning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dimly

B.blankly

C.obscurely

D.blurredly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這個(gè)山頂在有霧的夏日清晨里朦朧可見。

考查副詞辨析。Dimly昏暗地,朦朧地,模糊地;blankly茫然地,茫然若失地,呆呆地;obscurely費(fèi)解地,晦澀地;blurredly模糊地。由題干關(guān)鍵信息“mistysummermorning(有霧的夏日清晨)”可知A項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Youcan’thelpbuthearcommercials;everyfewminutestheprogramisinterruptedtogiveyouoneadvertising（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soonandsoforth

B.moreorless

C.somethingorother

D.soonerorlater

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)soonandsoforth“等等”；B選項(xiàng)moreorless“或多或少”；C選項(xiàng)somethingorother“什么的（表示模糊概念），常用于口語”；D選項(xiàng)soonerorlater“遲早”。句意：你不由得去聽一些廣告，因?yàn)槊扛魩追昼姽?jié)目就會(huì)被打斷，給你一個(gè)廣告什么的。C選項(xiàng)符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.AnecdotalreportssupportthisPabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach,”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.NonconforinityandstubbornnessarelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLyunGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrossbadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（

）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers

（

）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho

（

）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess

（

）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.Lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theirnonconformitybroughtlliemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherwereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天賦的學(xué)生與學(xué)?；ハ嗖贿m應(yīng)，也就不奇怪他們對(duì)讀書經(jīng)歷沒什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），選項(xiàng)B“它們經(jīng)常滿足不了有天賦的學(xué)生的要求”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith這類有天賦的學(xué)生不喜歡學(xué)校，接下來列舉了他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷來作證，因此作者引用Oliver老師中的一位的話是為了給自己的論證提供事實(shí)支持，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句提到“這些具有天賦的學(xué)生中的一些人在學(xué)?？赡芤?yàn)樘熨x不在學(xué)業(yè)方面，因此表現(xiàn)很差，比如畢加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此選項(xiàng)C“無法應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)校里的學(xué)習(xí)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第一句提到“當(dāng)談到能力培養(yǎng)的重要影響因素時(shí)，這些天賦極高的人談?wù)摰酶嗟氖撬麄兊募彝ザ皇菍W(xué)?；蛘呃蠋煛保╓henhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），選項(xiàng)A“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，并不是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈δ芰?，而是因?yàn)樗麄冇X得學(xué)校沒有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），選項(xiàng)C“學(xué)校課程不能鼓勵(lì)和激發(fā)他們的興趣”符合題意。

10.單選題

Whentheenginedidnotstart,themechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】atfault為固定搭配，意為“出毛病,有故障”。句意：當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)不啟動(dòng)時(shí)，機(jī)修工檢查了所有的部件以找出故障所在。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Mr.Smith（

）withthegovernmentforthirty-sevenyearsbythetimeheretires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willwork

B.willhaveworked

C.willbeworking

D.willhavebeenworked

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中“by+thetime”可知，這里應(yīng)為完成時(shí)，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和C；Mr.Smith和work之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.翻譯題

Craftymencondemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatthereisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.

【答案】有實(shí)際才干的人鄙薄書本；頭腦簡單的人羨慕書本；只有聰明人才會(huì)運(yùn)用書本。因?yàn)闀旧聿⒉唤倘巳绾芜\(yùn)用，運(yùn)用之道，乃在書外，且高于書本，唯有通過觀察才能學(xué)到。讀書時(shí)不可存心與作者辯難，不可以輕信盲從，也不可尋章摘句，作為談資，而須權(quán)衡與琢磨。

13.單選題

Therearetoomanycomplaintsaboutsocietyhavingtomovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thathaveto

B.haveto

C.havingto

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。空格前是一個(gè)完整的therebe句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞形式。如選擇A選項(xiàng)，無法確認(rèn)先行詞會(huì)造成語意混亂，因此排除A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)的havingto是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式作為后置定語修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個(gè)社會(huì)為了跟上機(jī)器而發(fā)展得太快。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe（）us.Ithinkit’shightimewe（）strongactionsagainsthim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.betrayed…take

B.hadbetrayed…took

C.hasbetrayed…took

D.hasbetrayed…take

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和虛擬語氣。當(dāng)句子里有序數(shù)詞first/second/third...、副詞only或最高級(jí)best/worst/most的時(shí)候，后面的定語從句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：ItisoneofthemostinterestingbooksI’veeverread．(這是我看過的最有趣的書之一。)，因?yàn)閠hatwasnot句子是過去時(shí)，這里應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)：hadbetrayed。It’s(high)time（是做……的時(shí)候了），后面的句子要用謂語要用過去時(shí)或者should+動(dòng)詞原形，表示虛擬語氣，所以這里要用took。句意：這已經(jīng)不是他第一次背叛我們了，是我們采取強(qiáng)有力的行動(dòng)對(duì)抗他的時(shí)候了。所以本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

15.填空題

We’ve（1）indeterminingthenatureofthesoilpollutioninthisarea.We（2）labtestsonsoilsamplesanddetectedthepresenceofthreeheavymetalsinharmfulquantities.Nowweneedtofindoutwhatthe（3）oftheheavymetalsis:Wherearetheycomingfrom?

【答案】controversies;performed;origin

【解析】句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭議。我們做了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試，從大量有害物質(zhì)中檢測出三種重金屬的存在?，F(xiàn)在我們需要找出這些重金屬的來源：它們是從哪里來的？

1.語義題。句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭議。

2.固定搭配。Performtestson做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

3.語義題。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容Wherearetheycomingfrom?“它們是從哪里來的”可知此處是問“起源，來源”，故填origin。

16.單選題

Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decision

B.sentence

C.prosecution

D.mandate

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decisionn.決心，決定；B選項(xiàng)sentencen.句子，命題，宣判；C選項(xiàng)prosecutionn.起訴，檢舉；D選項(xiàng)mandaten.授權(quán)，命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團(tuán)的成員們?cè)诼犎∽C詞后宣布了判決，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Ifailedinmynewjob.IfonlyI（）myparents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.listenedto

B.hadlistenedto

C.havelistenedto

D.wouldlistento

【答案】B

【解析】虛擬語氣語法知識(shí)。If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句，對(duì)過去事情的虛擬用“haddone”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Thespeakerwasregardedasatroublemakerbecauseshe（

）thegrantingofequalitytoallregardlessofrace,colororsex.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verified

B.developed

C.adopted

D.advocated

【答案】D

【解析】句意:這個(gè)發(fā)言人被當(dāng)作是一個(gè)制造麻煩的人，因?yàn)樗拇等巳似降鹊睦砟钜粺o論種族、膚色或者性別。

動(dòng)詞辨析。Verified核實(shí)，證實(shí);developed發(fā)展;adopted采用;advocated鼓吹某種道德、理念或者思想。根據(jù)題目空白處后面所接的賓語“人人平等的理念”可以推斷出答案為D。

19.單選題

Manyoftheinventionsthatmadepeople（

）andhavedeterminedthedirectionofAmericanindustrywererelatedtoagricultureandfoodproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affluent

B.abundant

C.sufficient

D.bankrupt

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。affluent富裕的，豐富的；abundant充裕的，豐富的；用來形容物。sufficient足夠的，充足的；bankrupt破產(chǎn)的。句意：許多使人民生活富足并且決定了美國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展方向的發(fā)明都與農(nóng)業(yè)和食品生產(chǎn)有關(guān)。由inventions可知發(fā)明都是為了讓人類的生活更好，故可推知這些發(fā)明使人民生活富足。答案A

20.單選題

Youareaccident________becauseyou’reabitcarelessinwhatyoudo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proof

B.oriented

C.inclined

D.prone

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.proof能抵御的，可防護(hù)的B.oriented以……為方向的，重視……的

C.inclined有傾向的，有可能的D.prone有做……傾向的，易于遭受……的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和上文的“accident（事故）”共同構(gòu)成形容詞作表語，because引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)原因狀語從句，表示“你做事有點(diǎn)粗心大意（careless）”，所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果應(yīng)該是容易出事故。prone指容易遭受某事，有做某事的傾向，因此D選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的；易于遭受……的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)proof“能抵御的，可防護(hù)的”指能抵抗某物的破壞性或有害影響的，與題干語義相矛盾，應(yīng)該是“容易出事故”而不是“能抵御事故”；

B選項(xiàng)oriented“以……為方向的，重視……的”指關(guān)心、面向某個(gè)特定的事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)inclined“有傾向的，有可能的”指主觀意愿上傾向于做某事，想要做某事，不能和“accident（事故）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】你很容易出事故，因?yàn)槟阕鍪掠悬c(diǎn)粗心大意。

21.單選題

AbrahamLincolninsistedthat（

）notjustonmereopinionbutonmoralpurpose.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobasedemocracy

B.democracybebased

C.fordemocracytobebasedon

D.wheneverdemocracyisbased

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。當(dāng)句中謂語動(dòng)詞為表示命令、建議、要求等詞匯時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：奧巴馬林肯堅(jiān)稱民主不能僅僅建立在意念上，而應(yīng)該建立在道德目的上。

22.單選題

GrandmaMosesisamongthemostcelebratedtwentiethcenturypaintersoftheUnitedStates,yetshehadbarelystartedpaintingbeforeshewasinherlateseventies.Assheoncesaidofherself:“Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme.”Noonecouldhavehadamoreproductiveage.

ShewasbornAnnaMaryRobertsononafarminNewYorkState,oneoffiveboysandfivegirls.(“Wecameinbunches,likeradishes.’’)Attwelveshelefthomeandwasindomesticserviceuntil,attwentyseven,shemarriedTomasMoses,thehiredhandofoneofheremployers.Theyfarmedmostoftheirlives,firstinVirginiaandtheninNewYorkState,atEagleBridge.Shehadtenchildren,ofwhomfivesurvived;herhusbanddiedin1927.GrandmaMosespaintedalittleasachildandmadeembroiderypicturesasahobby,butonlyswitchedtooilsinoldagebecauseherhandshadbecometoostifftosewandshewantedtokeepbusyandpassthetime.Herpictureswerefirstsoldatthelocaldrugstoreandatafair,andweresoonspottedbyadealerwhoboughteverythingshepainted.ThreeofthepictureswereexhibitedintheMuseumofModernArt,andin1940shehadherfirstexhibitioninNewYork.Betweenthe1930'sandherdeathsheproducedsome2,000pictures:detailedandlivelyportrayalsoftherurallifeshehadknownforsolong,withamarveloussenseofcolorandform.'"IthinkreallyhardtillIthinkofsomethingreallypretty,andthenIpaintit”shesaid.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,GrandmaMosesbegantopaintbecauseshewantedto（

）.

3.FromGrandmaMoses’descriptionofherselfinthefirstparagraph,itcanbeinferredthatshewas

（

）.

4.GrandmaMosesspentmostofherlife

（

）.

5.Inline14,theword“spotted”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GrandmaMoses:ABiographicalSketch.

B.TheChildrenofGrandmaMoses.

C.GrandmaMoses:HerBestExhibition.

D.GrandmaMosesandOtherOlderArtists.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.decorateherhome

B.keepactive

C.improvehersalary

D.gainaninternationalreputation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.independent

B.pretty

C.wealthy

D.timid

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.nursing

B.painting

C.embroideries

D.farming

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.speckled

B.featured

C.noticed

D.damaged

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最適合做文章標(biāo)題的是……”。文章全文講述了GrandmaMoses的個(gè)人及藝術(shù)生涯，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“GrandmaMoses開始畫畫是為了……”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在搖椅上等別人來幫助我”（Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme），第二段提到“想讓自己把持忙碌來打發(fā)時(shí)間”（shewantedtokeepbusyandpassthetime），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“保持活躍”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。題目問的是“從第一段中GrandmaMoses對(duì)于自己的描述可以得知……”。文章第一段提到“我不想坐在搖椅上等別人來幫助我”（Iwouldneversitbackinarockingchair,waitingforsomeonetohelpme），可以看出她是一個(gè)非常獨(dú)立的人，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“GrandmaMoses大部分時(shí)間花在了……”。文章第二段提到“他們大半生時(shí)間是在農(nóng)場度過的”（Theyfarmedmostoftheirlives），由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問的是“spotted可以由哪個(gè)詞代替”。文章第二段中提到“（她的畫作）很快被一個(gè)經(jīng)銷商……，買走了她畫的所有東西”（andweresoonspottedbyadealerwhoboughteverythingshepainted），可以推測畫作很快被發(fā)現(xiàn)，接著被買走，因此，spotted在這里的意思應(yīng)該是“被發(fā)現(xiàn)，被注意到”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

23.翻譯題

HanDynasty,foundedin202BC,wasoneofthelongestdynastiesinChinesehistory.Itwasdividedintotwoperiods:theWesternHanDynastyandtheEasternHanDynasty.Consideredagoldenage,HanDynastycreatedagloriouscivilizationinvariousaspects,includingeconomy,culture,artaswellasscienceandtechnology,etc.HanDynastylaidafoundationfortheethniccultureoftheHanNationality,andConfucianismrespectedbytheWesternHanDynastybecamethemainstreamideologyofChina.

【答案】漢朝建于公元前202年，是中國歷史上存在時(shí)間最長的朝代之一，分為西漢與東漢兩個(gè)階段。漢朝被稱為黃金時(shí)代，在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、藝術(shù)和科技等各個(gè)方面均創(chuàng)造了輝煌的文明。漢朝奠定了漢民族的民族文化，西漢所尊崇的儒家思想成為中國的主流思想。

24.問答題

Asimpleideaunderpinsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbesubjecttochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimplebutpowerfulideahasgeneratedavastbodyofknowledge.Sinceitsbirthinthe17thcentury,modernsciencehaschangedtheworldbeyondrecognition,andoverwhelminglyforthebetter.

Butsuccesscanbreedcomplacency.Modernscientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying—tothedetrimentofthewholeofscience,andofhumanity.

Toomanyofthefindingsthatfilltheacademicetheraretheresultofshoddyexperimentsorpooranalysis(seearticle).Aruleofthumbamongbiotechnologyventure-capitalistsisthathalfofpublishedresearchcannotbereplicated.Eventhatmaybeoptimistic.Lastyearresearchersatonebiotechfirm,Amgen,foundtheycouldreproducejustsixof53"landmark"studiesincancerresearch.Earlier,agroupatBayer,adrugcompany,managedtorepeatjustaquarterof67similarlyimportantpapers.A

leadingcomputerscientistfretsthatthree-quartersofpapersinhissubfieldarebunk.In2000―2010roughly80,000patientstookpartinclinicaltrialsbasedonresearchthatwaslaterretractedbecauseofmistakesorimproprieties.

Evenwhenflawedresearchdoesnotputpeople'slivesatrisk—andmuchofitistoofarfromthemarkettodoso—itsquandersmoneyandtheeffortsofsomeoftheworld'sbestminds.Theopportunitycostsofstymiedprogressarehardtoquantify,buttheyarelikelytobevast.Andtheycouldberising.

Onereasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Inthe1950s,whenmodernacademicresearchtookshapeafteritssuccessesintheSecondWorldWar,itwasstillararefiedpastime.Theentireclubofscientistsnumberedafewhundredthousand.Astheirrankshaveswelled,to6m—7mactiveresearchersonthelatestreckoning,scientistshavelosttheirtasteforself-policingandqualitycontrol.Theobligationto"publishorperish"hascometoruleoveracademiclife.Competitionforjobsiscutthroat.FullprofessorsinAmericaearnedonaverage$135,000in2012—morethanjudgesdid.EveryyearsixfreshlymintedPhDsvieforeveryacademicpost.Nowadaysverification(thereplicationofotherpeople'sresults)doeslittletoadvancearesearcher'scareer.Andwithoutverification,dubiousfindingsliveontomislead.

Careerismalsoencouragesexaggerationandthecherry-pickingofresults.Inordertosafeguardtheirexclusivity,theleadingjournalsimposehighrejectionrates:inexcessof90%ofsubmittedmanuscripts.Themoststrikingfindingshavethegreatestchanceofmakingitontothepage.Littlewonderthatoneinthreeresearchersknowsofacolleaguewhohaspeppedupapaperby,say,excludinginconvenientdatafromresults"basedonagutfeeling".Andasmoreresearchteamsaroundtheworldworkonaproblem,theoddsshortenthatatleastonewillfallpreytoanhonestconfusionbetweenthesweetsignalofagenuinediscoveryandafreakofthestatisticalnoise.Suchspuriouscorrelationsareoftenrecordedinjournalseagerforstartlingpapers.Iftheytouchondrinkingwine,goingsenileorlettingchildrenplayvideogames,theymaywellcommandthefrontpagesofnewspapers,too.

Conversely,failurestoproveahypothesisarerarelyevenofferedforpublication,letaloneaccepted."Negativeresults"nowaccountforonly14%ofpublishedpapers,downfrom30%in1990.Yetknowingwhatisfalseisasimportanttoscienceasknowingwhatistrue.Thefailuretoreportfailuresmeansthatresearcherswastemoneyandeffortexploringblindalleysalreadyinvestigatedbyotherscientists.

Thehallowedprocessofpeerreviewisnotallitiscrackeduptobe,either.Whenaprominentmedicaljournalranresearchpastotherexpertsinthefield,itfoundthatmostofthereviewersfailedtospotmistakesithaddeliberatelyinsertedintopapers,evenafterbeingtoldtheywerebeingtested.

Allthismakesashakyfoundationforanenterprisededicatedtodiscoveringthetruthabouttheworld.Whatmightbedonetoshoreitup?Onepriorityshouldbeforalldisciplinestofollowtheexampleofthosethathavedonemosttotightenstandards.Astartwouldbegettingtogripswithstatistics,especiallyinthegrowingnumberoffieldsthatsiftthroughuntoldoodlesofdatalookingforpatterns.Geneticistshavedonethis,andturnedanearlytorrentofspeciousresultsfromgenomesequencingintoatrickleoftrulysignificantones.

Ideally,researchprotocolsshouldberegisteredinadvanceandmonitoredinvirtualnotebooks.Thiswouldcurbthetemptationtofiddlewiththeexperiment'sdesignmidstreamsoastomaketheresultslookmoresubstantialthantheyare.(Itisalreadymeanttohappeninclinicaltrialsofdrugs,butcomplianceispatchy.)Wherepossible,trialdataalsoshouldbeopenforotherresearcherstoinspectandtest.

Themostenlightenedjournalsarealreadybecominglessaversetohumdrumpapers.Somegovernmentfundingagencies,includingAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth,whichdishout$30billiononresearcheachyear,areworkingouthowbesttoencouragereplication.Andgrowingnumbersofscientists,especiallyyoungones,understandstatistics.Butthesetrendsneedtogomuchfurther.Journalsshouldallocatespacefor"uninteresting"work,andgrant-giversshouldsetasidemoneytopayforit.Peerreviewshouldbetightened—orperhapsdispensedwithaltogether,infavourofpost-publicationevaluationintheformofappendedcomments.Thatsystemhasworkedwellinrecentyearsinphysicsandmathematics.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Sciencestillcommandsenormous—ifsometimesbemused—respect.Butitsprivilegedstatusisfoundedonthecapacitytoberightmostofthetimeandtocorrectitsmistakeswhenitgetsthingswrong.Anditisnotasiftheuniverseisshortofgenuinemysteriestokeepgenerationsofscientistshardatwork.Thefalsetrailslaiddownbyshoddyresearchareanunforgivablebarriertounderstanding.

【答案】Inthispassage,theauthorpointsoutaseriousproblemexistinginmodernscience,thatis,scientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying,whichhasdeterioratedthewholescienceandhumanity.

Inthelatterpassage,theauthoranalyzedthereasonswiththedetailedexamplesasproofs.Thefirstreasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Thegreatlyincreasingpopulationofthescientistsimposedfiercecompetitionandforcedthemtopublishtheirarticlesregardlessoftheacademicquality.What'smore,highrejectionratesoftheleadingjournalsencouragenegativelyresearcherstoexcludeinconvenientdatafromresultsbasedonlyonsensationstooptimizetheirresearchandwintheopportunitytobepublished.

Lateron,theauthorofferssomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem.Onepriorityistomakedisciplinestightenstandards.Journalsshouldsparespacefor"uninteresting"workandacceptthosepapersconcernedwiththe"negativeresults".Governmentfundingagenciesshouldsetasidemoneytosupportandencouragereplication.Peerreviewshouldbetightened.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Atlast,theauthorrestatesandemphasizestheimportanceforsciencetoberightanditscapacitytobecorrected.Thefalseresearchescanonlyhindertheprocessofunderstanding.

25.單選題

WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethat1mightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.Alateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthough,inthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentminister,Icoveredmyexitbyclaiming“1wantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.

Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslater,myexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazine,intoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.

Ihavediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuildupofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.

InAmerica,themoveawayfromjugglingtoasimpler,lessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting-alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”-has,ironically,evenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanticonsumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives.Therearenewsletters,suchasTheTightwadGazette,thatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap.Thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewh