考研考博-英語-上海政法學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海政法學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建沒性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初級(jí)的"。句意：她批評(píng)了我的寫作，但批評(píng)的方式很有建設(shè)性。我從她身上學(xué)到了很多。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETaletterofabout150wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:

SupposeyouareinterestedinbeingavisitingscholaratNewYorkUniversity,theUnitedStates.Writeanapplicationletter,statingyourpersonalqualities,accomplishmentsandotherreasonswhyyouareamongthosebestsuitedtolearnatthatuniversity.

【答案】略

3.單選題

1.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.About12pints.

B.About3pints.

C.About4pints.

D.About7pints.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Itwouldhelpmeifyoucouldgooverlastweekandgivemeanideahowmuchbeerdrankeachevening.

M:Well,letmesee,Iwentuptothepub4timeslastweek,anddrankabout3pintseachevening.

Q:Howmuchbeerdidthemandrinklastweek?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說：Iwentuptothepub4timeslastweek,anddrankabout3pintseachevening（我上周一共去酒吧4次，每晚喝3品脫啤酒），因此男士上周共喝了12品脫啤酒。

4.單選題

Puttinginanewwindowwill（）cuttingawaypartoftheroof.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.include

B.involve

C.contain

D.comprise

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。include包括,包含；involve卷入,涉及；contain容納,牽制；comprise構(gòu)成。句意:安裝一個(gè)新窗戶需要把屋頂?shù)囊徊糠智械簟nclude一般用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),比如sth.includedin...某物包含于其中,所以選項(xiàng)B更符合句意。

5.單選題

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污點(diǎn);flurry騷動(dòng),慌張,aflurryof—陣……；particle顆粒;stain污點(diǎn),瑕疵。句意：小泉每年都要參拜臭名昭著的神社，引發(fā)了中韓人民的譴責(zé)和抗議，因?yàn)樯裆绻┓钪?4名甲級(jí)戰(zhàn)犯。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.翻譯題

PartI.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese（25分）

WhenIemphasizethedifferencebetweenlawandmoralsIdosowithreferencetoasingleend,thatoflearningandunderstandingthelaw.Forthatpurposeyoumustdefinitelymasteritsspecificmarks,anditisforthatthatIaskyouforthemomenttoimagineyourselvesindifferenttootherandgreaterthings.

【答案】在我強(qiáng)調(diào)法律與道德之區(qū)別的時(shí)候，我只有一個(gè)目的，那就是學(xué)習(xí)并領(lǐng)會(huì)法律。為了這個(gè)目的，你們必須明確地掌握法律特定的標(biāo)識(shí)，也為了同樣的目的，我請(qǐng)你們暫時(shí)想象你們自己并不關(guān)心其他更重要的事情。

7.單選題

Wewantto（）thelatesttechnologyintoschools.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.announce

B.operate

C.introduce

D.cast

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)announce“宣布，述說”，announce…to“通知某人，向……宣布”；B選項(xiàng)operate“操作，經(jīng)營(yíng)”；C選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹，引進(jìn)”，introduce…to“向……介紹”；D選項(xiàng)cast“投，拋，計(jì)算”。句意：我們想向?qū)W校推薦最新的技術(shù)。由選項(xiàng)意思和固定搭配可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Awell-fundednationalorganizationwouldbeableto___moreinfluenceinParliament.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evaluate

B.perform

C.recommend

D.exert

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.evaluate評(píng)價(jià)；估價(jià)B.perform執(zhí)行；完成；演奏

C.recommend推薦，介紹D.exert運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是組織對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)有影響。選D.exert施以影響，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】一個(gè)資金充足的全國(guó)性組織將能夠在議會(huì)中發(fā)揮更大的影響力。

9.單選題

Themanagerlosthis

whenhefoundthathissecretarywashalfhourlateforwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manner

B.mood

C.temper

D.passion

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。loseone’stemper“發(fā)脾氣”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)他的秘書上班遲到半小時(shí)，經(jīng)理發(fā)了脾氣。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

“IsGeorgereallyleavingtheuniversity?”

“Yes,butwouldyoumind______toanyone?”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nottomentionit

B.notmentionit

C.notmentioningit

D.nottomentioningit

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。動(dòng)詞mind后面要求跟動(dòng)名詞，構(gòu)成minddoingsomething“介意做某事”。否定句式為wouldyoumindnotdoingsth“請(qǐng)你不要做……好嗎？”。句意：“喬治真的要退學(xué)了嗎?”“是的，但你能不能別告訴別人?”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace（

）broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言，紐約是一個(gè)有痛苦記憶的地方。

語法題?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為Place,在主句中作表語,所以定語從句中關(guān)系詞用that。

12.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項(xiàng)excessively“過度地”；C選項(xiàng)extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項(xiàng)exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)，表示“非常有價(jià)值”。句意：你的建議對(duì)他非常有價(jià)值，因?yàn)樗F(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

13.單選題

Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfoundthatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded-andcancomebacktohaunt（困擾）you—appearstobethekeytothefinding.

JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.

Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachmentofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.

ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldberereadandwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone.

Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime-inaninstantmessageorphonecall,say-thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneousresponsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:“Doyoulikemydress?”

Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.

1.Hancock’sstudyfocuseson（

）.

2.Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication?

4.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause（

）

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmedia.

B.Thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas

C.Peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

D.People’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages

B.Peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions

C.Peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunication

D.Peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies.

B.Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy.

C.Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia

D.Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers

B.salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate

C.salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy

D.salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunications

B.moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployees

C.suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposes

D.emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句：Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationforeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.漢考克從而計(jì)算出各種媒介下每次談話中的說謊數(shù)量。他發(fā)現(xiàn)電子郵件中謊話的比例占14%,即時(shí)消息中占21%,面對(duì)面交談時(shí)占27%,令人驚訝的是電話交談中說謊的比例竟高達(dá)37%。確定漢考克的研究關(guān)注的是人們?cè)诓煌浇橄碌恼\(chéng)實(shí)度，D選項(xiàng)‘使用不同通訊媒介時(shí)人們的誠(chéng)實(shí)度‘正確。A選項(xiàng)’各種媒介撒謊的后果‘，文章沒有提到，C選項(xiàng)‘人們?cè)谶x擇通訊技術(shù)方面的偏好’，文章沒有提到，B選項(xiàng)‘現(xiàn)代通訊技術(shù)在表達(dá)思想方面所取得的成功’，文章只提到通訊技術(shù)，沒有提及其在表達(dá)方面的成功信息，所以排除，

2.根據(jù)第五段第一句話：Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime-inaninstantmessageorphonecall...：人們?cè)诎l(fā)送即時(shí)消息或是打電話等實(shí)時(shí)交流時(shí)更容易說謊。A選項(xiàng)‘人們很少在實(shí)時(shí)交流中說謊’錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三段第三句：Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchanges：另外一些專家認(rèn)為人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)面交流時(shí)，更易于說謊，B選項(xiàng)‘人們不太可能在面對(duì)面交流中說謊’錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)電話交談時(shí)說謊的幾率是兩倍。這是漢考克教授的研究結(jié)果，與題目所問不符，錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第二段最后一句告訴讀者漢考克教授發(fā)現(xiàn)用電子郵件交流時(shí)說謊的比例最低，而用電話交流時(shí)比例最高。根據(jù)第三段：Hisresults...havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars...：一些專家認(rèn)為人們?cè)陔娮余]件中最易于說謊，因此漢考克教授的研究結(jié)果令他們吃驚，所以C選項(xiàng)‘人們最有可能在電子郵件中說謊‘符合題意。

3.根據(jù)第四段第二句：Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount：當(dāng)人們知道交流內(nèi)容日后可能被拿來與他們對(duì)證時(shí)，就不太敢說謊了。這說明人們害怕留下撒謊的記錄，所以A選項(xiàng)‘人們害怕留下撒謊的記錄‘正確。B選項(xiàng)‘他們相信誠(chéng)實(shí)是最好的策略’、C選項(xiàng)‘運(yùn)用那些媒介時(shí)人們往往很輕松’文中都沒有提及，排除。根據(jù)第三段最后一句：peopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpracticedatthatformofcommunication.人們?cè)谶M(jìn)行面對(duì)面的交流時(shí)說的謊話會(huì)多一些，因?yàn)槲覀冏钌瞄L(zhǎng)于這種形式的交流，確定D選項(xiàng)‘在使用那些媒介時(shí)，人們更老練?！c題目的意思相反，排除。

4.A選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以直接與顧客交談’。C選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以給顧客留下值得信任的印象’。D選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以有效地傳遞即時(shí)信息’。這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)文章未提及。排除。根據(jù)第六段第二句：...thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.電話可以作為銷售的最好媒介，因?yàn)樵诖螂娫挄r(shí)，雇員們有勇氣夸大其詞，確定B選項(xiàng)‘銷售人員可以放松地夸大其詞?！_。

5.根據(jù)最后一段：...thephonemightbethebestmediumforsaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail.電話可以作為銷售的最好媒介。因?yàn)榇螂娫挄r(shí)，雇員們有勇氣夸大其詞。但考慮到結(jié)果，注重誠(chéng)信的工作業(yè)績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定最好還是通過電子郵件開展。確定C選項(xiàng)‘為了不同的交際目的，可以選擇不同的媒介形式’正確。A選項(xiàng)‘人際交流中應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)誠(chéng)實(shí)’、B選項(xiàng)‘更多的雇主會(huì)使用電子郵件與員工交流’、D選項(xiàng)‘現(xiàn)在電子郵件是公司內(nèi)主要的交流媒介’與原文不符，排除。

14.單選題

13.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandmeasles.

B.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandmeasles.

C.Whoopingcough,smallpoxandGermanmeasles.

D.Whoopingcough,chickenpoxandGermanmeasles.

【答案】B

【解析】M:I’dliketoaskyouaboutyourpastmedicalhistory.Canyoutellmeifyouhadanychildhooddiseases?

W:WhenIwassmall,Ihadmeasles(麻疹),chickenpox(水痘)andwhoopingcough(百日咳).ButIdon’tthinkIeverhadGermanmeasles(風(fēng)疹).

Q:Whatdiseasesdidthewomanhavewhenshewassmall?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。女士小時(shí)候得過麻疹、水痘和百日咳。但沒得過風(fēng)疹。

15.單選題

（）hehasenoughmoneytobuyahouse,itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodo,asisoftenthecasewithhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Seeingthat

B.Providedthat

C.Grantedthat

D.Consideringthat

【答案】C

【解析】辨析題。Seeingthat鑒于,

由于因?yàn)?；Providedthat如果,

倘若,

條件是；Grantedthat即使；Consideringthat考慮到,

就...而論。句意：即使他有足夠的錢來買這棟房子,

這也不意味著他就要去買,

這對(duì)他來說是常事。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

16.單選題

BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we___inEuropefortwoweeks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallstay

B.havestayed

C.willhavestayed

D.havebeenstaying

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中使用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，主句應(yīng)用將來時(shí)，因此排除A，B，D選項(xiàng)。句意：當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦時(shí)，我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲___兩周了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

“Congratulations,Mr.Jones,it’sagirl.”

Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaningandbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbegoodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehadconsiderableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspendlittletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforwardtochildrenforsometime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.

Whateverthereactiontothebirthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisadifficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmericanmothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleoffathers.

Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather’srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemother’srole.Themother’sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation.Ontheotherhand,thefather’sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,eventhoughwementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,thefatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatfatherhood（

）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffather?

3.Thepassageindicatesthat

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablydisagreewith?

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bringsafeelingofexcitementtomostmen

B.makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

C.hasadifferentmeaningformenwhohavedaughters

D.meansaresponsibilitythatmenacceptunwillingly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Numerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutit

B.Notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtoit

C.Theshiftisharderformenthanforwomen

D.Theshiftisadifficultbutincompleteone

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mothersgetmoreattentionandrecognitionfromsociety

B.mothersareinnovativeanddemandingaccordingtosomewriters

C.mothersgenerallystayathometotakecareofthechildren

D.mothersshouldhelpfathersintheirreconciliationprocess

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.It’sasdifficulttobeafatherasitistobeamother

B.Morebooksshouldfocusontheroleoffathers

C.Thefatherisstillthebreadwinnerinthehousehold

D.Fathersareasimportanttochildrenasmothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhytherearefewbooksontheroleoffathers.

B.praisemothersfortheirgreatcontributionstothehome.

C.criticizefathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilityinbringingupthechildren.

D.complainaboutthelackofsocialprogramstohelpfathersintheirroleshift.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。當(dāng)不同的男性聽到“父親”這個(gè)詞時(shí)，都會(huì)有不同的反應(yīng)。有些人覺得驕倣，有些人擔(dān)憂。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:很多書籍寫到相關(guān)內(nèi)容。實(shí)際上第三段提及大量書籍寫到關(guān)于母親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變,而非父親，故排除。B:不太關(guān)注。文章倒數(shù)第二段指出:Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthisreconciliationprocess(然而，人們往往不太關(guān)注在這個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)過程當(dāng)中教育父親)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:角色轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)于男性而言更難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(—些作家認(rèn)為父親角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，盡管困難，但是不會(huì)有妻子的的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。因此C錯(cuò)誤。D:角色轉(zhuǎn)變是困難，且不完全的。文章未提及。

3.判斷推理題。A:母親能得到社會(huì)更多的關(guān)注和認(rèn)可。B:一些作者認(rèn)為，母親有創(chuàng)造性且髙要求。最后一段指出:Themother'sroleseemstorequireacompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation(母親的角色似乎需要在日常生活中完全轉(zhuǎn)變，且有高度革新的適應(yīng)性),B項(xiàng)和原文有出入。C:母親一般待在家里照顧孩子。最后一段指出:wementionedthefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome(我們提及越來越多的女性在外工作),故C錯(cuò)誤。D:母親應(yīng)該在這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變過程當(dāng)中幫助父親,文章并未提及。結(jié)合全文可知,A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:成為母親和成為父親一樣難。第四段指出:Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthechangetothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthechangethewifemusttaketothemothersrole(一些作家認(rèn)為，父親角色的改變雖然困難，但是不會(huì)有妻子的角色轉(zhuǎn)變困難，妻子必須承接母親這一角色)。故本題選A。

5.作者意圖題。A:解釋為什么那么少的書籍寫關(guān)于父親的角色。B:贊揚(yáng)母親對(duì)于家的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。C:批評(píng)父親在養(yǎng)育孩子上沒有承擔(dān)足夠的責(zé)任。D:抱怨社會(huì)項(xiàng)目在在幫助父親角色轉(zhuǎn)變上的缺乏。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本題選D。

18.單選題

Iadmirehercourage,compassionand（

）tothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.devotion

B.determination

C.opposition

D.realism

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。devotion奉獻(xiàn)，忠誠(chéng)，熱愛；determination決心，果斷；opposition反對(duì)；realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。句意：我欽佩她為了人道，正義與和平所表現(xiàn)出來的勇氣、同情心和奉獻(xiàn)精神。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

19.單選題

Ifearlyhumans（

）asmuchastheydid,theyprobably（

）toevolveintodifferentspecies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotmoveandintermingle...wouldcontinue

B.wouldnotmoveandintermingle...hadcontinued

C.hadnotmovedandintermingled...wouldhavecontinued

D.werenottomoveandintermingle...couldhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】由題干句末“進(jìn)化成不同物種可知”，本題考查虛擬條件句。題干中的主語是earlyhumans“早期的人類”，說明這是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬。因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture（

）.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transformedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.可知過去男女的分工明確，角色相對(duì)固定，因此選D。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第二段主要講述了反主流文化對(duì)男女分工角色的影響，再根據(jù)第一段最后一句中Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.（但是到了本世紀(jì)中葉，男性和女性的角色越來越不固定）可知C選項(xiàng)最符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“在20世紀(jì)50年代，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的成功是典型的美國(guó)人的目標(biāo)”；B選項(xiàng)“但是在20世紀(jì)60年代，一支新的力量被稱為反文化。參與這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的人并不重視美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“反主流文化為男性和女性提供了新的角色選擇”；D選項(xiàng)“一些年輕男性拒絕應(yīng)征當(dāng)兵參加越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety（但它的影響卻蔓延到美國(guó)社會(huì)的許多方面）可推測(cè)反主流文化改變了美國(guó)的一些價(jià)值觀，因此選B。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.（由于對(duì)育兒更感興趣，男人們開始和妻子分擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)孩子的任務(wù)。事實(shí)上，一些年輕男女搬進(jìn)了公共住宅或農(nóng)場(chǎng)，在那兒雙方共同承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)和撫養(yǎng)孩子的責(zé)任）可推測(cè)C選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)男人都很樂意和妻子分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了過去社會(huì)男女分工明確，角色固定；第二三段講述了反主流文化以及它的影響；第四段講述了女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)給美國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的變化；最后一段簡(jiǎn)單概括男女地位的變化與轉(zhuǎn)變中的困難。因此B選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)生活的新影響”符合題意。

21.單選題

Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimessubtle,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandderivenutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates—orcreatureslackingaspinalcolumn(includingcrustaceans,insects,andmanydifferenttypesofworms)—maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisonslaught,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms.

Certainfungiandevensomekindsofbacteriasecretesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorinhibitingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,therebyeliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptowardofftheinvaders.

Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof“foreign”cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,fromspongestocertaintypesofworms,shellfish,andallvertebrates(creaturespossessingaspinalcolumn),thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorfragmentsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromgeneticallycompatibleorcloselyrelatedindividuals.

Theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”,whilepresentinallanimals,isroostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howparasitesreproduce.

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.difficult

B.widespread

C.critical

D.complex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.preventdiseaseinhumans

B.aiddigestion

C.fightoffotherorganisms

D.createnewtypesofnutrients

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomingaparasite

B.beingtreatedasaninvader

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeup

D.developinganewimmunesystem

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.accepttransplantedcells

B.detectandreacttoinvasion

C.weakentheirimmunesystem

D.getridofantibiotics

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?31.這篇文章主要討論什么？

A.Howparasitesreproduce.A.寄生蟲如何繁殖。

B.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.B.生物體如何對(duì)入侵者做出反應(yīng)。

C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.C.抗生素是如何治療疾病的。

D.Howtheimmunesystemofvertebratesdeveloped.D.脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)是如何發(fā)展的。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)首段最后一句“生物進(jìn)化出了各種各樣的防御機(jī)制來保護(hù)自己的身體免受其他生物的入侵”，和末段第一句“區(qū)分‘自我’和‘非自我’的能力，雖然存在于所有動(dòng)物中，但在脊椎動(dòng)物中是非常有效的，它們已經(jīng)發(fā)展出一種免疫系統(tǒng)作為它們的防御機(jī)制”；從中可知文章首段和尾段討論的都是生物體的防御機(jī)制；然后看到文章行為結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，開頭介紹引發(fā)生物進(jìn)化出防御機(jī)制的原因，后面三段分別討論這種防御機(jī)制的作用。綜上所述，可以得知這篇文章主要討論的是生物體如何對(duì)入侵者做出反應(yīng)。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“寄生蟲如何繁殖”和D選項(xiàng)“脊椎動(dòng)物的免疫系統(tǒng)是如何發(fā)展的”屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“抗生素是如何治療疾病的”沒提及，無中生有。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.Theword“intricate”inline1isclosestinmeaningto______.32.第一行中的“intricate”一詞的意思最接近______。

A.difficultA.困難的

B.widespreadB.廣泛的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.complexD.復(fù)雜的

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第一句“在這個(gè)龐大而intricate的生物群落中（inthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthings），每個(gè)物種的生存都依賴于其他生物的存在”，由所修飾的assemblage（群落），以及并列的定語vast（龐大的）可推測(cè)，intricate應(yīng)該表示“復(fù)雜”的意思，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“困難的”、B選項(xiàng)“廣泛的”和C選項(xiàng)“批判的”不符合原文意思，曲解原文。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto______.33.根據(jù)這篇文章，一些生物產(chǎn)生抗生素是為了______。

A.preventdiseaseinhumansA.預(yù)防人類疾病

B.aiddigestionB.有助消化

C.fightoffotherorganismsC.抵抗其他生物

D.createnewtypesofnutrientsD.創(chuàng)造新的營(yíng)養(yǎng)類型

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位原文第二段前兩句“某些真菌，甚至是某些種類的細(xì)菌會(huì)向環(huán)境中分泌抗生素。這些物質(zhì)能夠殺死或抑制同樣占據(jù)該區(qū)域的各種細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)，從而消除或減少對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)（eliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients）?！保瑥闹锌芍?，一些生物產(chǎn)生抗生素是為了消除或減少其他生物對(duì)自身營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，故C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“預(yù)防人類疾病”、B選項(xiàng)“有助消化”和D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造新的營(yíng)養(yǎng)類型”沒有提到，無中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Accordingtothepassage,atransplantoftissuebetweengeneticallyincompatibleorganismswillresultinthetransplantedtissue______.34.根據(jù)這篇文章，在基因不相容的生物體之間移植組織將導(dǎo)致移植的組織______。

A.becomingaparasiteA.成為寄生蟲

B.beingtreatedasaninvaderB.被視為入侵者

C.alteringitsgeneticmakeupC.改變其基因組成

D.developinganewimmunesystemD.發(fā)展出新的免疫系統(tǒng)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先定位第三段最后一句，文章對(duì)此有描述：“事實(shí)上，在整個(gè)動(dòng)物界，從海綿動(dòng)物到某些種類的蠕蟲、貝類和所有的脊椎動(dòng)物，只有來自基因相容或親緣關(guān)系密切的個(gè)體的細(xì)胞或組織碎片移植到動(dòng)物體內(nèi)，才會(huì)被接受”，從中可知在基因不相容的生物體之間移植組織將導(dǎo)致移植的組織不被接受；而該段前面提到“動(dòng)物王國(guó)的成員已經(jīng)發(fā)展出了對(duì)付寄生蟲的各種防御機(jī)制。盡管這些機(jī)制差別很大，但所有主要的動(dòng)物群體都能夠檢測(cè)到外來細(xì)胞的存在并做出反應(yīng)。”，綜合理解可推斷，不相容的組織會(huì)被認(rèn)為是外來入侵細(xì)胞，使得生物體對(duì)該組織做出防御機(jī)制。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“成為寄生蟲”表述錯(cuò)誤，不是成為寄生蟲，而是會(huì)被生物體視為寄生蟲一樣的外來組織，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“改變其基因組成”和D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展出新的免疫系統(tǒng)”沒提到，無中生有。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween“self”and“non-self”enablesvertebratesto______.35.根據(jù)這篇文章，區(qū)分“自我”和“非自我”的能力使脊椎動(dòng)物能夠______。

A.accepttransplantedcellsA.接受移植的細(xì)胞

B.detectandreacttoi