考研考博-英語(yǔ)-川北幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-川北幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Sometimearound621BC,alegislatornamedDracoappearedontheAtheniansceneandmadethelawsthatsubstitutedpublicjusticeforpersonalrevenge.Hislawsweresoseverethatthelegislatorhasbeenimmortalizedbytheword“draconian”.TheselawsheldforonlyaquarterofacenturyuntilSolon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy,abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder.Solonalsocarriedoutconstitutionalreformsthatsetupfreeelectionandbroughtallclasses,exceptslaves,intotheprocessofgovernment.Andsodemocracybegan.

AhundredyearslaterdemocracyandeverythingelseGreecehadbuiltupwerethreatenedbyPersia.ThefirstofPersia’sexpeditionstookplacein490BCwhenitsarmyarrivedatMarathon,nearAthens.ThiswastheeventwhereaGreeksoldierranthe27milesbacktoAthens,managedtocryout,“Wehavewon”,thencollapsedanddied.

IntheirsecondexpeditionthePersianswerematchedbythegeniusofThemistocles,anAthenianleaderwhomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy.However,heturnedouttoberight.ThePersianswereblastedofftheseaatthebattleofSalamis,offthecoastnearAthens.

Athens,nowanavalpower,washeadedforitsgoldenage.Itsruleratthistime,aroundthemiddleofthefifthcenturyBC,wasPericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.Oneofhisnot-so-smartdecisionswastorestrictAtheniancitizenshiptopeoplewhosemotherandfatherwerebothAthenians.

ItwasPericleswhobuilttheParthenon.ThiswasquiteatimeforAthens.WhilePericleswasbuildinghisParthenon,Aeschylus,SophoclesandEuripideswerewritingtheirplaysandSocratesandPlatowereteaching.

AthenswastheninvolvedinthePeloponnesianWarwithSpartaand27yearsoffightingledtoAthens’defeatin404BC.ButvictoriousSparta’sinfluencelastedonly30yearsafter,itwasthenruledbyMacedonia,akingdominthenorthofGreece.

PhilipofMacedon’sambitionwastounifyallofGreece,restoreGreekculturetoMacedon,andeliminatePersiaasalingeringthreat.Nextinlineinthethronewashisfirstwife’sson,AlexandertheGreats,whohadstudiedunderAristotle.Alexander’sdeathmarkedtheendofthegreatclassicalperiodofGreece,inliterature,philosophyandart.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“draconian”(L.3,Para.1)?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,weleanthat（）

4.SolonandPericlesshareonesimilarity,whichisthattheyboth（）

5.Thebesttitleforthistextmaybe（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Democratic.

B.Revenge.

C.Harsh.

D.Dramatic.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.UnlikeDraco,Solonfirstestablisheddeathpenaltyforthecrimeofmurder.

B.AthensmarchedtoitsgoldenageafterPersia’sfirstexpedition.

C.Periclesisfamousforhisabilityofwritingplaysandteaching.

D.PeoplemisunderstoodThemistocleswhenhebuiltnavy.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.MacedoniaisthenameofamanwhocontrolledAthensafterwar.

B.PeloponnesianWaristhetransitionalpointforAthensfromprosperitytodecline.

C.GreecewassplitundertheruleofMacedonia.

D.AlexandergaveAristotleAthenscitizenshipbecauseAristotlewashisteacher.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.carriedoutconstitutionalreforms.

B.excelledatgivingspeech.

C.implementedstrictlaws.

D.valueddemocracy.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheHistoryofAthens.

B.TheWarthatSplitsAthens.

C.TheunificationofGreek.

D.Alexander,theGreatRulerofAthens.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:詞義推斷題。draconian的原意是“嚴(yán)酷”，而題干前的“Hislawsweresoseverethat”提示了我們答案，文章說(shuō)他的法律太過(guò)于嚴(yán)厲以至于……，因此答案為C項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)酷的，嚴(yán)厲的”。

第2題:文章大意題。我們需要根據(jù)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)定位到相應(yīng)的部分。A項(xiàng)在第一段有提示，“abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder”，可以得出Solon并不是首創(chuàng)，而是沿用了之前的Draco的這一法例；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，是第二次，不是第一次；C項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤，Preicles是一個(gè)演講家，以演說(shuō)出名；D項(xiàng)正確，“whomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy”以及“However,heturnedouttoberight.”這兩句可以看出一開始民眾確實(shí)是誤解他的。

第3題:段落細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到最后兩段，A項(xiàng)不對(duì)，Macedonia是一個(gè)希臘北部的國(guó)家，并不是人；B項(xiàng)并沒有提及，錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)正確，正因?yàn)槭窃隈R其頓的統(tǒng)治下分裂，因此菲利普的心愿就是統(tǒng)一希臘；D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，并未提及。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。解題關(guān)鍵在第一段“Solon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy”以及“Pericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.”可以看出他們兩位都對(duì)民主很重視，答案選D。

第5題:文章標(biāo)題題。從全文多處我們可以看到，文章講述的主要就是雅典的歷史，法律也好，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)也好，都是圍繞雅典在敘述，因此A正確。

2.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C.Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway.

D.Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C.Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays.

D.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.

B.Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.

C.Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.

D.SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B.Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren.

C.Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.

D.Viewthingsfromtheirchildren’sperspective.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】RecordingThree

Iwouldlikeparticularlytotalkabouttheneedtodevelopanewstyleofaginginourownsociety.[22]Youngpeopleinthiscountryhavebeenaccusedofnotcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry.Andthisistrue.[23]ButitisalsotruethatoldpeoplehavebeeninfluencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy.So,welivealone,perhapsonthevergeofstarvationintimewithoutfriends.Butweareindependent.ThisstandardAmericanstylehasbeenforcedoneveryethnicgroup,althoughtherearemanygroupsforwhomtheidealisnotpractical.Itisapooridealandpursuingitdoesagreatdealofharm.Thisidealofindependencealsocontainsatremendousamountofunselfishness.

Intalkingtotoday’syoungmothers,Ihaveaskedthemwhatkindofgrandmotherstheythinktheyaregoingtobe.Iheardevotedlovingmotherssaythatwhentheyarethroughraisingtheirchildren,theyhavenointentionofbecominggrandmothers.[24]They’reastonishedtohearthatinmostoftheworld,throughoutmostofitshistory,familieshavebeenthree-orfour-generationfamilies,livingunderthesameroof.Wehaveoveremphasizedthesmallfamilyunit—father,mother,smallchildren.Wethinkitiswonderfulifgrandmaandgrandpa,ifthey’restillalive,canlivealone.Wehavereachedthepointwherewethinktheonlythingwecandoforourchildrenistostayoutoftheirway.Andtheonlythingwecandoforourdaughter-in-lawistoseeaslittleofheraspossible.Oldpeople’snursinghomes,eventhebestone,arefilledwitholderpeoplewhobelievetheonlythingtheycandofortheirchildrenistolookcheerfulwhentheycometovisit.[25]Sointheend,olderpeoplehavetodevotealltheirenergiestonotbeingaburden.

Wearebeginningtoseewhatatremendouspricewe’vepaidforouremphasisonindependenceandautonomy.We’veisolatedoldpeopleandwe’vecutoffthechildrenfromtheirgrandparents.Oneofthereasonswehaveasbadagenerationgaptodayaswedoisthatgrandparentshavesteppedout.Youngpeoplearebeingdeprivedofthethingtheyneedmost—perspective—toknowwhytheirparentsbehavesopeculiarlyandwhytheirgrandparentssaythethingstheydo.

22.WhathaveyoungAmericansbeenaccusedof?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)美國(guó)的年輕人被指責(zé)什么？錄音開頭提到，美國(guó)的年輕人被指責(zé)沒有像過(guò)去一樣照顧他們的父母（notcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry），C選項(xiàng)“沒有按照以往的傳統(tǒng)來(lái)照顧父母”是錄音原文的同義表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“沉溺于追求休閑和物質(zhì)上的舒適”在錄音中并未提及；B選項(xiàng)“過(guò)分注重獨(dú)立”，利用錄音中的independence設(shè)置干擾，錄音中說(shuō)的是美國(guó)的老年人深受獨(dú)立自主的理想的影響，并沒有提及年輕人過(guò)分注重獨(dú)立，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“讓他們的父母食不果腹”，利用錄音中的onthevergeofstarvation設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是老年人因深受獨(dú)立思想的影響，選擇自己獨(dú)自生活，以致可能挨餓，生病時(shí)身邊沒有朋友。父母食不果腹并不是年輕人造成的，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutoldpeopleintheUnitedStates?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是說(shuō)話人對(duì)美國(guó)的老年人的看法。錄音中提到，美國(guó)的老年人確實(shí)深受獨(dú)立自主的理想的影響（influencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy），D選項(xiàng)“他們有獨(dú)立和自主的意識(shí)”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們獨(dú)自生活有很大的困難”，錄音中只是提及他們（老年人）可能會(huì)挨餓，生病時(shí)身邊沒有朋友，但并沒有說(shuō)這是很大的困難，因此可排除；B選項(xiàng)“他們幾乎沒有希望得到任何家人的照顧”和C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)過(guò)去的日子有著美好的回憶”在錄音中沒有信息提及，因此不選。

24.Whatisastonishingtotheyoungmothersinterviewedbythespeaker?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話人采訪的年輕媽媽們對(duì)什么感到驚訝？錄音中提到，她們驚訝的是，世界上大多數(shù)地方的人們，在歷史上多數(shù)時(shí)期里都是三、四代人生活在同一個(gè)屋檐下，B選項(xiàng)“世界上大多數(shù)地方都有大家庭”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“世界上許多地方的人都更喜歡小家庭”很明顯與錄音原文表述相反，所以不正確；C選項(xiàng)“許多老人不愿意照顧他們的子孫”和D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)太多的年輕人拒絕和他們的父母生活在一起”在錄音中沒有信息提及，所以排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakersayolderpeopletrytheirbesttodo?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)老年人盡力做什么？錄音中提到，老年人相信他們能為孩子做的唯一的事情就是當(dāng)孩子來(lái)看望他們時(shí)，盡量表現(xiàn)得快樂，把所有的精力都用來(lái)避免成為一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)（notbeingaburden），因此B選項(xiàng)“避免成為子女的負(fù)擔(dān)”符合錄音原文表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“不打擾他們的年輕一代”；C選項(xiàng)“參與快樂的活動(dòng)以維持身體健康”和D項(xiàng)“站在孩子們的角度看待事情”在錄音中均沒有提及，因此排除。

3.單選題

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:與英國(guó)和西印度群島的貿(mào)易使諸如波士頓這樣的殖民海港得以繁榮發(fā)展。故選D。

4.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.

B.Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.

C.Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.

D.Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.

B.Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.

C.Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.

D.Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.

B.Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.

C.Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.

D.Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.

B.Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.

C.Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.

D.Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】PassageTwo

IworkinadvertisingandIliketokeepupwithcurrenttrends,mainlybecauseI’mawarethatweliveinanimage-obsessedworld.[12]However,whenIfirststartedmyjob,occasionallyI’dcatchaglimpseofmyselfintheliftsandfindmyselfthinkingthatIlookedatotalmess.WasIbeingheldbackbymychoiceofclothing?Theshortanswerisyes,especiallywhenclientsarequicktojudgeyouonyourstyleratherthanyourwork.[13]Butnoonecanbeuniquewiththeiroutfiteveryday.Imeanthat’swhyuniformswereinvented.Sohere’swhatIdid.Icreatedmyownuniform.Todothis,Ichoseanappropriateoutfit.ThenIboughtmultipleitemsofthesamestyleindifferentshades.NowIneverworryaboutwhatI’mwearinginthemorning,evenifIdogetabittiredofjustwearingthesameclassicpieces.Overall,whenitcomestowork,youhavetoaskyourself:willlookingsmarterenhancemyabilitytodomyjob?Forsome,thisquestionmaynotbeanissueatall,especiallyifyouworkremotelyandrarelyseeyourcolleaguesorclientsfacetoface.[14]Butifyourjobinvolvesinteractingwithotherpeople,theanswertothisisoftenyes.Soratherthanfightingthesystem,[15]Ithinkweshouldjustdowhateverhelpsustoachieveourgoalsatwork.Ifthatmeansplayingitsafewithyourimage,thenlet’sfaceit.It’sprobablyworthit.

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerwhenshefirststartedherjob?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者剛開始工作的時(shí)候，我們可以了解到什么？錄音開頭提到，當(dāng)說(shuō)話者剛開始工作的時(shí)候，偶爾會(huì)在電梯里瞥一眼自己，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己看起來(lái)一團(tuán)糟（Ilookedatotalmess）。后面指出，之所以一團(tuán)糟是因?yàn)榉b的原因，因此B選項(xiàng)“她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的服裝很不合適”正確。A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)廣告不感興趣”利用錄音開頭的“advertising”設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是說(shuō)話人從事的是廣告業(yè)，并未提及她對(duì)廣告業(yè)不感興趣，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“她對(duì)時(shí)尚潮流不滿意”，錄音開頭說(shuō)的是，說(shuō)話者喜歡跟隨當(dāng)下的潮流，因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“她經(jīng)常照鏡子檢查自己”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

13.Whywereuniformsinvented,accordingtothespeaker?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者談及的制服被發(fā)明的原因。錄音中提到，沒有人可以每天穿著獨(dú)一無(wú)二的衣服，這就是制服被發(fā)明的原因。A選項(xiàng)“為了省去每天選不同衣服的煩惱”與原文意思表述相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“滿足有時(shí)尚意識(shí)的客戶的期望”和D選項(xiàng)“節(jié)省服裝開支”在錄音中均未提及，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“跟上當(dāng)前的潮流”，利用錄音開頭的keepupwithcurrenttrends設(shè)置干擾，但這并不是發(fā)明制服的原因，因此不正確。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlookingsmarter?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是說(shuō)話者關(guān)于“看起來(lái)更時(shí)尚”的看法。在錄音后半部分，說(shuō)話者提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即看起來(lái)更時(shí)尚是否會(huì)提升我們的工作能力，接下來(lái)隨即對(duì)此進(jìn)行了回答，如果你的工作需要與其他人進(jìn)行面對(duì)面交談，則答案是肯定的，C選項(xiàng)“這在需要與他人接洽的工作中很重要”與原文意思表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“這能提高人們獨(dú)立工作的能力”和D選項(xiàng)“這能增強(qiáng)求職者的信心”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。B選項(xiàng)“這幫助人們?cè)谒麄兯龅娜魏问虑樯先〉贸晒Α闭f(shuō)法過(guò)于絕對(duì)，不符合題意。

15.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodoinanimage-obsessedworld?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)在這個(gè)看重外貌形象的世界里，說(shuō)話者建議人們?cè)趺醋?？錄音結(jié)尾提到，說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該竭盡所能去做能實(shí)現(xiàn)工作目標(biāo)的事情，包括謹(jǐn)慎塑造自己的形象，這都是值得的。D選項(xiàng)“做任何能（使我們的形象）看起來(lái)時(shí)尚的事情”與原文意思符合，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)他們自己的制服，使其看起來(lái)獨(dú)一無(wú)二”；B選項(xiàng)“穿經(jīng)典的衣服給客戶留下深刻印象”和C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)抗不斷變化的時(shí)尚潮流”均不正確，在原文找不到相關(guān)依據(jù)，因此排除。

5.單選題

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，主句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（禮貌問(wèn)語(yǔ)）您喜歡，您愿意”，是一種委婉征求意見的方式。因此，排除其他選項(xiàng)，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

UndertherulesoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,JimThorpeforfeitedhisamateurstatuswhenheplayedsemiprofessionalbaseballin1911.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.testedt

B.exploitedt

C.announcedt

D.lost

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。forfeit表示“喪失權(quán)利、名譽(yù)、生命等”；A項(xiàng)test“測(cè)試”，B項(xiàng)exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”，C項(xiàng)announce“宣布”，D項(xiàng)lost“丟失，喪失”。句意：根據(jù)國(guó)際奧委會(huì)的規(guī)定，當(dāng)吉姆索普在1911年參加半職業(yè)棒球比賽時(shí)，他就喪失了業(yè)余棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身份。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，器官移植的法律定義很不明確，因?yàn)樯形粗贫ǔ鲠槍?duì)外科手術(shù)進(jìn)步的立法）可知A選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)國(guó)家沒有關(guān)于器官移植的有效法律”正確；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（習(xí)慣上要征得親屬的允許，但由于器官的摘除必須在死亡后立即進(jìn)行，可能無(wú)法及時(shí)聯(lián)系到親屬）可知B選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的器官摘除請(qǐng)求親屬許可的方法并不總是可行的”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一種辦法是通過(guò)法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可。丹麥、法國(guó)、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通過(guò)了這樣的法律）可知D選項(xiàng)“在一些國(guó)家，這些法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中拒絕摘除，否則摘除器官的許可是理所當(dāng)然的”正確。通過(guò)排除法排除A、B、D，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建議，應(yīng)開展廣泛的宣傳，鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谄溥z囑中規(guī)定將其器官用于移植）可知A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)谒篮缶璜I(xiàn)器官”和C選項(xiàng)“器官移植應(yīng)該提倡，因?yàn)樗欣谌祟惿鐣?huì)”正確；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一種辦法是通過(guò)法律規(guī)定，除非個(gè)人在一生中禁止摘除，否則必須獲得許可）可知D選項(xiàng)“移植器官的摘除可被視為合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有說(shuō)明”符合題意。通過(guò)排除法排除A、C、D，因此選B。

3.詞義題。neglect意為“忽視，疏忽”；weaken意為“減弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意為“和……一起”；besuperiorto意為“優(yōu)越于，不受誘惑”。“impair”出現(xiàn)文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保證，考慮移植不會(huì)……潛在供者的正常復(fù)蘇努力）”中，由此可知B選項(xiàng)最符合邏輯關(guān)系。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心臟按摩以及復(fù)蘇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法一直持續(xù)到腦死亡。大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為除此之外，努力復(fù)蘇是無(wú)用的）可知選D。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了器官移植法律和倫理方面的問(wèn)題，因此選A。

8.單選題

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意為分離，隔離。coalition聯(lián)合，合并；separation分離，間隔；succession連續(xù)，繼位；interchangeability可交換性。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement實(shí)施,執(zhí)行；complement補(bǔ)充；supplement增補(bǔ)；compliment恭維,稱贊。句意：政府承諾實(shí)施新的制度來(lái)控制金融貸款機(jī)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已經(jīng)投入,為了使這個(gè)大教堂恢復(fù)到其以前的華麗。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。refresh更新，使精力恢復(fù)，使得到補(bǔ)充；restore恢復(fù)，修復(fù)；restoreto使恢復(fù)到…；renovate更新，修復(fù)，革新，刷新；renew使更新，續(xù)借，復(fù)興。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的華麗”可知B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾結(jié);displace轉(zhuǎn)移,取代。句意：自由意志使我們能盡情釋放自己的激情;自由引領(lǐng)我們走向更高的道路，去開啟生命的奧秘。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Theargumentwassimultaneouslyapolicydebateandanextendedexegesisofacrucialphraseina1986federallawthatregulatesthehiringprocedures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exportation

B.expulsion

C.explication

D.expiation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exportation“出口；輸出；出口貨”；B選項(xiàng)expulsion“逐出；開除；除籍”；C選項(xiàng)explication“說(shuō)明；闡明；展開”；D選項(xiàng)expiation“補(bǔ)償；贖罪；抵罪”。句意：這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論同時(shí)是一場(chǎng)政策辯論，也是對(duì)1986年一項(xiàng)管理招聘程序的聯(lián)邦法律中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)的延伸注釋。exegesis“注釋，解釋”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandaction,thatweneverrecognizetheassumptionsonwhichtheirlivesandtheirsanityrest.Asoneobserverputit,ifbirdsweresuddenlyendowedwithscientificcuriositytheymightexaminemanythings,buttheskyitselfwouldbeoverlookedasasuitablesubject;iffishweretobecomecuriousabouttheworld,itwouldneveroccurtothemtobeginbyinvestigatingwater.Forbirdsandfishwouldtaketheskyandseaforgranted,unawareoftheirprofoundinfluencebecausetheycomprisethemediumforeveryfact.Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.Somuchsothattheyrarelynoticethatthewaystheyinterpretandtalkabouteventsaredistinctivelydifferentfromthewayspeopleconducttheiraffairsinothercultures.

Aslongaspeopleremainblindtothesourcesoftheirmeanings,theyareimprisonedwithinthem.Theseculturalframesofreferencearenolessconfiningsimplybecausetheycannotbeseenortouched.Whetheritisanindividualneurosisthatkeepsanindividualoutofcontactwithhisneighbors,oracollectiveneurosisthatseparatesneighborsofdifferentcultures,bothareformsofblindnessthatlimitwhatcanbeexperiencedandwhatcanbelearnedfromothers.

Itwouldseemthateverywherepeoplewoulddesiretobreakoutoftheboundariesoftheirownexperientialworlds.Theirabilitytoreactsensitivelytoawiderspectrumofeventsandpeoplesrequiresanovercomingofsuchculturalparochialism.But,infact,fewattainthisbroadervision.Some,ofcourse,havelittleopportunityforwiderculturalexperience,thoughthisconditionshouldchangeasthemovementofpeopleaccelerates.Othersdonottrytowidentheirexperiencebecausetheyprefertheoldandfamiliar,seekfromtheiraffairsonlyfurtherconfirmationofthecorrectnessoftheirownvalues.Stillothersrecoilfromsuchexperiencesbecausetheyfeelitdangeroustoprobetoodeeplyintothepersonalorculturalunconscious.Exposuremayrevealhowtenuousandarbitrarymanyculturalnormsare;suchexposuremightforcepeopletoacquirenewbasesforinterpretingevents.Andevenforthemanywhodoseekactivelytoenlargethevarietyofhumanbeingswithwhomtheyarecapableofcommunicatingtherearestilldifficulties.

Culturalmyopiapersistsnotmerelybecauseofinertiaandhabit,butchieflybecauseitissodifficulttoovercome.Oneacquiresapersonalityandacultureinchildhood,longbeforeheiscapableofcomprehendingeitherofthem.Tosurvive,eachpersonmasterstheperceptualorientations,cognitivebiases,andcommunicativehabitsofhisownculture.Butoncemastered,objectiveassessmentofthesesameprocessesisawkwardsincethesamemechanismsthatarebeingevaluatedmustbeusedinmakingtheevaluations.

1.Theexamplesofbirdsandfishareusedto（）

2.Theterm"parochialism"(Line3,Para.3)mostpossiblymeans（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thepassagemightbeentitled“（）''

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.showthatthey,too,havetheirrespectivecultures

B.explainhumansoccupyasymbolicuniverseasbirdsandfishoccupytheskyandthesea

C.illustratethathumanbeingsareunawareoftheculturalcodesgoverningthem

D.demonstratethesimilaritybetweenman,birds,andfishintheirwaysofthinking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.open-mindedness

B.provincialism

C.superiority

D.discrimination

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.everyonewouldliketowidentheirculturalscopeiftheycan

B.theobstaclestoovercomingculturalparochialismliemainlyinpeople'shabitofthinking

C.providedone'sbroughtupinaculture,hemaybewithbiasinmakingculturalevaluations

D.childhoodisanimportantstageincomprehendingculture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Individualandcollectiveneurosismightpreventcommunicationswithothers.

B.Peopleindifferentculturesmaybegovernedbythesameculturalnorms.

C.People'svisionswillbeenlargedifonlytheyknewthatculturaldifferencesexist.

D.Ifculturalnormsaresomethingtangible,theywon'tbesoconfining.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.HowtoOvercomeCulturalMyopia

B.BehavioralPatternsandCulturalBackground

C.HarmsofCulturalMyopia

D.CulturalMyopia-ADeep-rootedCollectiveNeurosis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.”，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)第三段的一、二句，似乎在任何地方，人們都渴望打破自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)世界的界限。他們對(duì)更廣泛的事件和人民作出敏感反應(yīng)的能力需要克服這種文化狹隘主義。“culturalparochialism”是指文化的狹隘主義，選項(xiàng)B更符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容以及關(guān)鍵詞“culturalparochialism”、“culturalmyopia”可以推測(cè)，如果一個(gè)人長(zhǎng)期生活在一種文化環(huán)境中，在做文化評(píng)論的時(shí)候會(huì)有偏見。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Whetheritis...fromothers.”，它限制了我們所能體驗(yàn)到的，也限制了我們從他人身上學(xué)到的東西，也就是阻礙了與他人的溝通交流，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第5題:根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，主要是講文化局限的定義和背景，所以選項(xiàng)D更貼切。

14.單選題

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。initiate“開始，創(chuàng)造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共謀，協(xié)力”；negotiate“談判，交涉”。句意：政府決定對(duì)毒品致死人數(shù)的增加進(jìn)行調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdo