考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津渤海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津渤海職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.填空題

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprisewhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Awhich改為where或forwhich

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】從句。

【解題思路】itisdifficulttolaydownrules是修飾enterprise的定語(yǔ)從句，enterprise表示地點(diǎn)，所以可以用where引導(dǎo)。結(jié)合固定句型Itisdifficultforsb.todosth.，此題為forenterprise，在這里forwhich相當(dāng)于where。

【句意】家庭是合作式企業(yè)，很難制定規(guī)則，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)家庭都需要找到適合自己的辦法來(lái)解決屬于自己的問(wèn)題。

2.單選題

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。geton“上車；進(jìn)展”；getthrough“通過(guò)；度過(guò)”；getover“克服；恢復(fù)”；getby“獲得認(rèn)可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的話，大多數(shù)人都不能度過(guò)一天。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thepresident'sspeechwasso

thatmanypeoplewerepersuadedtoaccepttheneedforchange.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expressive

B.inherent

C.eloquent

D.frequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。expressive“表現(xiàn)的”；inherent“固有的，內(nèi)在的”；eloquent“雄辯的，有口才的”；frequent“頻繁的”。句意：總統(tǒng)的演講非常有說(shuō)服力，以至于許多人都被說(shuō)服接受了變革的必要性。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

I（

）withtheBrownsduringmystayinNewYorkCity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putin

B.putdown

C.puton

D.putup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我在紐約市逗留期間和布朗一家人過(guò)了一夜。

短語(yǔ)辨析。Putin度過(guò)，消磨（時(shí)間等）;putdown寫(xiě)下，記錄;puton上演，演出;putup供給……住宿。因此D符合句意。

5.單選題

Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas（

）methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocated

B.implied

C.convinced

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】convincesb.that“使某人相信...”。句意:我與各行各業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的共事讓我相信,他們不是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,而是后天形成的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.單選題

Thecrowdcheeredin（

）whentheplayerscaughttheball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.interaction

D.participation

【答案】B

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識(shí)別；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)出；”;appreciation“欣賞，鑒別;感謝”;interaction“相互作用”；participation“參與;分享;參股”。根據(jù)cheer與caughttheball可知觀眾是因?yàn)榍虮唤幼g呼，對(duì)球員表示贊賞，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：當(dāng)球員接住球時(shí)，觀眾歡呼表示贊賞。

7.單選題

AllEskimoslivemostoftheirlivesclosetosaltorfreshwater.Theymayfollowgameinlandforseveralhundredmiles,buttheyalwaysreturntotheshoresofrivers,lakesorseas.Eskimolandhasabarelook.Largerocks,pebbles,andsandcovermuchofthesurface.Plantscalledlichengrowrightonrocks.Andwherethereisenoughsoil,evergrass,flowersandsmallbushesmanagetolive.NotreescangrowontheEskimoland,sogeographerssometimescallthiscountrytheArcticplains.Someanimals,suchasrabbitsandcaribou,eattheplants.Others,likethewhitefoxandgreywolf,eattherabbitsandcaribou.TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.

TheEskimoyearhastwomainparts:along,coldwinterandashort,coolsummer.SpringandfallalmosttooshorttobenoticeD.Summeristhegoodtime,whenfoodisusuallyplentiful.ButitisalsothetimewhentheEskimosareverybusy.Winterisneverfaraway,andthemenmustbringhomeextrameatforthewomentoprepareandstore.Forseldomcanenoughanimalsbekilledinwintertofeedafamily.

TheFarNorthissometimescalledthelandofthemidnightsun.Thisistrueinthemiddleofsummer,forbetweenApril21standAugust21st,thesunneversetsinNorthernGreenlanD.ButinmidwintertheFarNorthisalandwithnosunshiningatall.AroundOct.21sttheEskimosofNorthernGreenlandseethesunsettingstraightsouthofthem,andtheydon'tseeitagainuntilFebruary22nD.Allplacesonearthgetaboutthesameamountofdaylightduringayear.Asaresult,ifsummerislighter,winterhastobedarker.WinternightsintheFarNorthareseldompitch-black.Asintherestoftheworld,thestarsandthemoonprovidealittlelight.ThenorthernlightsalsohelptheEskimostosee.Andwiththegroundcoveredwithsnow,evenalittlelightisreflectedbacktotheEskimo'seyes.

1.OntheEskimoland,（）.

2.IntheEskimoyear,（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferallthefollowingexceptthat（）

4.InmidwinterthereisnosunshiningintheFarNorthbecause（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rabbitsliveontheplants

B.soilisrichandplentiful

C.grassgrowsmoreeasilythanlichen

D.lichenisfoundonlyrocks

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.therearenospringandfall

B.winteriscoldandsummerishot

C.summerisatimeforgrowingfood

D.wintercomesearlyandgoeslate

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Eskimosaremorelikelytoeatwolvesinsummer

B.Eskimowomenareresponsibleforhousework

C.animalmeatisEskimo'smainsourceoffood

D.huntingisanimportantpartofEskimolife

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theFarNorthistoofarawayfromthesun

B.thesunisnotseenagainforsixmonths

C.thesunneversetsinmidsummer

D.peopleseethesunsettingstraightsoughtofthem

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AStoryoftheEskimo

B.TheBareFarNorth

C.EskimoLandandClimate

D.TheEskimoYear

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，愛(ài)斯基摩人的土地貧瘠,地衣比草的生命力強(qiáng),所以選項(xiàng)B和C錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D表述太絕對(duì)，在文中也沒(méi)有提及，所以排除。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，愛(ài)斯基摩人的春天和秋天很短，并不是沒(méi)有，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；冬季寒冷夏季涼爽，而不是炎熱，所以選項(xiàng)B也錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D冬季來(lái)得早去得遲，說(shuō)明冬季很漫長(zhǎng)，符合原文，所以本題選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“TheEskimoisameat-eater,too,andmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarce.”愛(ài)斯基摩人只在食物匱乏時(shí)才吃狼,在夏天食物充足的情況下是不會(huì)吃狼的。所以選項(xiàng)A與原文不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thisistrueinthemiddleofsummer,forbetweenApril21standAugust21st,thesunneversetsinNorthernGreenland.”因?yàn)閺?月21日到8月21日，格陵蘭島北部的太陽(yáng)從不落下。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.全文主旨題。本文主要介紹了愛(ài)斯基摩人居住地區(qū)的環(huán)境、季節(jié)及天氣狀況等。所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

8.單選題

Proteinsynthesisbeginswhenthegeneencodingaproteinisactivated.Thegene’ssequenceofnucleotidesistranscribedintoamoleculeofmessengerRNA(mRNA),whichreproducestheinformationcontainedinthatsequence.Transportedoutsidethenucleustothecytoplasm,themRNAistranslatedintotheproteinitencodesbyanorganelleknownasaribosome,whichstringstogetheraminoacidsintheorderspecifiedbythesequenceofelementsinthemRNAmolecule.SincetheamountofmRNAinacelldeterminestheamountofthecorrespondingprotein,factorsaffectingtheabundanceofmRNA’splayamajorpartinthenormalfunctioningofacellbyappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis.Forexample,anexcessofcertainproteinscancausecellstoproliferateabnormallyandbecomecancerous;alackoftheproteininsulinresultsindiabetes.

BiologistsonceassumedthatthevariableratesatwhichcellssynthesizedifferentmRNA’sdeterminesthequantitiesofmRNA’sandtheircorrespondingproteinsinacell.However,recentinvestigationshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofmostmRNA’scorrelatebest,notwiththeirsynthesisrate,butratherwiththeequallyvariableratesatwhichcellsdegradethedifferentmRNA’sintheircytoplasm.IfacelldegradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNAslowly,bothmRNA’swillaccumulatetohighlevels.

Animportantexampleofthisphenomenonisthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsfromtheirunspecializedparentcellsinbonemarrow.Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin(whichtransportsoxygen)tocarryouttheirmainfunction,thecells’parentcellsmustsimultaneouslyproducemoreoftheconstituentproteinsofhemoglobinandlessofmostotherproteins.Todothis,theparentcellshaltsynthesisofnon-hemoglobinmRNA’sinthenucleusandrapidlydegradecopiesofthenon-hemoglobinmRNA’sremaininginthecytoplasm.HaltingsynthesisofmRNAalonewouldnotaffectthequantitiesofproteinssynthesizedbythemRNA’sstillexistinginthecytoplasm.BiologistsnowbelievethatmostcellscanregulateproteinproductionmostefficientlybyvaryingbothmRNAsynthesisanddegradation,asdevelopingredcellsdo,ratherthanbyjustvaryingoneortheother.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?

3.Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcells

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioning

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNA

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasm

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussingthe________.本文主要討論了________。

A.influenceofmRNAconcentrationsonthedevelopmentofredbloodcellsA.信使核糖核苷酸濃度對(duì)紅細(xì)胞發(fā)育的影響

B.roleofthesynthesisanddegradationofmRNAincellfunctioningB.信使核糖核苷酸的合成和降解在細(xì)胞功能中的作用

C.mechanismbywhichgenesaretranscribedintomRNAC.基因被轉(zhuǎn)換成信使核糖核苷酸的機(jī)制

D.differencesinmRNAconcentrationsincellnucleiandinthecytoplasmD.細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中信使核糖核苷酸濃度的差異

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章在第一段在第一句“當(dāng)編碼蛋白質(zhì)的基因被激活時(shí)，蛋白質(zhì)合成就開(kāi)始了（Proteinsynthesisbegins）?！币鲈掝}，然后講述信使核糖核苷酸的合成；第二段講述信使核糖核苷酸的降解，在第二段最后一句總結(jié)“如果一個(gè)細(xì)胞同時(shí)降解（degrades）快速合成和緩慢合成的信使核糖核酸，這兩種信使核糖核酸的濃度都會(huì)累積到很高的水平。”；第三段在最后一句總結(jié)“大多數(shù)細(xì)胞可以通過(guò)改變信使核糖核酸的合成和降解來(lái)最有效地調(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生（regulateproteinproductionmostefficiently）”，點(diǎn)出信使核糖核酸的合成和降解對(duì)細(xì)胞的作用。綜上所述，本文分別講述了信使核糖核酸的合成和降解及其在細(xì)胞中的作用，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“信使核糖核苷酸濃度對(duì)紅細(xì)胞發(fā)育的影響”：這是第三段的內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“基因被轉(zhuǎn)換成信使核糖核苷酸的機(jī)制”：這是第一段的內(nèi)容，不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)“細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)中信使核糖核苷酸濃度的差異”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanhappenwhen,proteinisnotappropriatelyregulated?根據(jù)這篇文章，當(dāng)?shù)鞍踪|(zhì)沒(méi)有得到適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)節(jié)時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生下列哪一種情況？

A.DiabetescanresultfromerrorsthatoccurwhentheribosomestranslatemRNAintoprotein.A.糖尿病可能是由于核糖體將信使核糖核酸轉(zhuǎn)換成蛋白質(zhì)時(shí)發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤。

B.Adeficiencyofredbloodcellscanoccurifbonemarrowcellsproducetoomuchmechanism.B.如果骨髓細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)多的機(jī)制，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)紅細(xì)胞不足。

C.Cancercanresultfromanexcessofcertainproteinsanddiabetescanresultfromaninsulindeficiency.C.某些蛋白質(zhì)過(guò)量可能導(dǎo)致癌癥，胰島素缺乏可能導(dǎo)致糖尿病。

D.ExcessivesynthesisofoneproteincantriggerincreaseddegradationofmRNA’sforotherproteinsandcreatesevereproteinimbalances.D.過(guò)量合成一種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)其他蛋白質(zhì)信使核糖核酸的降解，并造成嚴(yán)重的蛋白質(zhì)失衡。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞appropriatelyregulated定位到第一段倒數(shù)二句，該處講到“因子通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)卣{(diào)節(jié)蛋白質(zhì)的合成（byappropriatelyregulatingproteinsynthesis），在細(xì)胞的正常功能中起著重要作用?！?，結(jié)合該段最后一句“例如（Forexample），某些蛋白質(zhì)過(guò)量（excessofcertainproteins）會(huì)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞異常增殖并癌變（cancerous），缺乏胰島素蛋白（alackoftheproteininsulin）會(huì)導(dǎo)致糖尿?。╠iabetes）?！?，可知蛋白質(zhì)沒(méi)有得到適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整，其結(jié)果是某些蛋白質(zhì)過(guò)量可能導(dǎo)致癌癥，胰島素缺乏可能導(dǎo)致糖尿病，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“糖尿病可能是由于核糖體將信使核糖核酸轉(zhuǎn)換成蛋白質(zhì)時(shí)發(fā)生了錯(cuò)誤”：糖尿病的病因不是這個(gè)，屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“如果骨髓細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)多的機(jī)制，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)紅細(xì)胞不足”：文中沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“過(guò)量合成一種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)其他蛋白質(zhì)信使核糖核酸的降解，并造成嚴(yán)重的蛋白質(zhì)失衡”：文中沒(méi)有提到過(guò)量合成一種蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)引發(fā)其他蛋白質(zhì)信使核糖核酸的降解，屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theaccumulationofconcentrationsofhemoglobininredbloodcellsismentionedinthepassageasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?紅細(xì)胞中血紅蛋白濃度的積累是作為下列哪一選項(xiàng)的例子？

A.TheeffectivenessofsimultaneousvariationoftheratesofsynthesisanddegradationofmRNA.A.信使核糖核酸合成和降解同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換的速率有效性。

B.Theroleoftheribosomeinenablingaparentcelltodevelopproperlyintoamorespecializedform.B.核糖體在使母細(xì)胞發(fā)育成更特殊形式中的作用。

C.Theimportanceofactivatingthegenesforparticularproteinsatthecorrectmoment.C.在正確時(shí)刻激活特定蛋白質(zhì)基因的重要性。

D.ThekindofevidenceforsupportofaviewofmRNAsynthesisthatisnowconsideredobsolete.D.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞concentrationsofhemoglobin定位到第三段第二句，該處講到“為了使紅細(xì)胞積累足夠濃度的血紅蛋白（Forredbloodcellstoaccumulatesufficientconcentrationsofhemoglobin）”，該段第一句“這一現(xiàn)象（thisphenomenon）的重要例子（example）是……”起承上啟下的作用，這里的example指的是題干中的例子，phenomenon指的是第二段最后兩句“大多數(shù)信使核糖核酸的濃度與細(xì)胞降解細(xì)胞質(zhì)中不同信使核糖核酸的相同轉(zhuǎn)換速率（equallyvariablerates）最為相關(guān)。如果一個(gè)細(xì)胞同時(shí)降解快速合成和緩慢合成的信使核糖核酸（degradesbotharapidlyandaslowlysynthesizedmRNA），這兩種信使核糖核酸的濃度都會(huì)累積到很高的水平?！?，可知舉例是為了說(shuō)明信使核糖核酸可以同時(shí)進(jìn)行合成和降解的轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“核糖體在使母細(xì)胞發(fā)育成更特殊形式中的作用”：文中沒(méi)有提到母細(xì)胞發(fā)育成更特殊形式，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“在正確時(shí)刻激活特定蛋白質(zhì)基因的重要性”：文中沒(méi)有提到應(yīng)該在什么時(shí)候激活特定蛋白質(zhì)基因，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)”：這個(gè)例子不是為了證明已經(jīng)淘汰的信使核糖核酸合成觀點(diǎn)，而是證明屬于最新研究的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthepassage?下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最恰當(dāng)?shù)孛枋隽宋恼碌诙魏偷谌沃g的關(guān)系？

A.Thesecondparagraphpresentsargumentsinsupportofanewtheoryandthethirdparagraphpresentsargumentsagainstthattheory.A.第二段提出支持一個(gè)新理論的論點(diǎn)，第三段提出反對(duì)那個(gè)理論的論點(diǎn)。

B.Thesecondparagraphdescribesatraditionalviewandthethirdparagraphdescribestheviewthathasreplaceditonthebasisofrecentinvestigations.B.第二段描述了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，第三段描述了根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查而取代它的觀點(diǎn)。

C.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaninvestigationthatwasundertakentoresolveproblemsdescribedinthesecondparagraph.C.第三段敘述了為解決第二段所述問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的研究。

D.Thethirdparagraphdescribesaspecificcaseofaphenomenonthatisdescribedgenerallyinthesecondparagraph.D.第三段列舉第二段大致描述的現(xiàn)象的具體例子。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中出處提示詞secondandthirdparagraphs定位到第三段第一句，該處講到“這一現(xiàn)象的重要例子是（Animportantexampleofthisphenomenon）紅細(xì)胞從非特化骨髓母細(xì)胞發(fā)育而來(lái)?！保鴗hisphenomenon指的是第二段最后兩句“最近的研究表明……”，可知第三段是第二段觀點(diǎn)的例子，對(duì)其進(jìn)行佐證，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“第二段提出支持某個(gè)新理論的論點(diǎn)，第三段提出反對(duì)那個(gè)理論的論點(diǎn)”：對(duì)應(yīng)第二段第一句“生物學(xué)家曾經(jīng)假定（onceassumed）……”以及該段第二句“然而（However），最近的研究（recentinvestigations）表明……”，第二段已經(jīng)提出了兩個(gè)論點(diǎn)，第三段舉例論證，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“第二段描述了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)，第三段描述了根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查而取代它的觀點(diǎn)”：這兩種觀點(diǎn)都是第二段的內(nèi)容，本選項(xiàng)只講到第二段的內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“第三段敘述了為解決第二段所述問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的研究”：第三段不是在講述研究人員進(jìn)行的科學(xué)研究，而是通過(guò)闡述事實(shí)舉例子，屬于偷換概念。

9.單選題

TheAmericanstudentscametoourschoolinNovember,andwethenmadea（）visittotheirs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bilateral

B.reciprocal

C.considerate

D.rewarding

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。Bilateral“雙邊的、雙方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相應(yīng)的”，considerate“體貼的，考慮周到的”，rewarding“有益的”。句意：11月份美國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)我校參觀，我們也要參觀他們的學(xué)校。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Tohim,NewYorkwasaplace（

）broughtbacktomindpainfulmemories.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.inwhich

C.that

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】句意:于他而言，紐約是一個(gè)有痛苦記憶的地方。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞為Place,在主句中作表語(yǔ),所以定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞用that。

11.單選題

TheStoicsandtheEpicureans,however（

）intherestoftheirsystems,agreedinholdingthemselvesboundtoprovethattheirrespectivemaximsofconductwerethedictatesofnature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.irresponsible

B.irreconcilable

C.irreproachable

D.irremediable

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。irresponsible“不可靠的”；irreconcilable“矛盾的”；irreproachable“無(wú)可指責(zé)的”；irremediable“不能挽回的”。句意：斯多葛學(xué)派和伊壁鳩魯派在其余的體系中是矛盾的，但是他們一致認(rèn)為必須證明他們各自的行為準(zhǔn)則是符合自然要求的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

12.單選題

Foranyonewhohasexperiencedanearthquake,theexperiencecanbefrighteningandtraumatic.Inadditiontothemovementoftheground,peopleneedtobeconcernedwithcollapsingbuildingsandfallingdebris,suchasflyingglass.Themajorityoftheinjuriesanddeathsthatoccurfromtheearthquakesareduetofallingobjectsandstructures.Theeffectofanearthquakecanalsocausedangerouslandslides,fires,gaslineexplosionsandflood-watersfromcollapsingdam.ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.Thisinformation,whensharedwithpeopleinearthquake-proneareas,canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.

Oneofthemostdestructiveeffectsofearthquakeistsunami.Tsunami,giantoceanwaves,fromafteranearthquakehasoccurredontheoceanfloor.Ifthetsunamicrashesintoland,itmaycausedestruction.Thedifficultywithprotectingpeoplefromtsunamiisthattheymaycomewithoutwarningandatanextremelyhighspeed.Onceunderseaearthquakesoccur,theoceanfloorrisesandsinks.Thisiswhentsunamimaybegintoform.Alongwiththisshiftingoftheoceanfloor,thereisalsoalargemassofseawaterthatmaydroporrise.Toadjustthesuddenchangeinsealevel,themassofwatermovesupwardanddownward.Asitismoving,aseriesofreactionscomelong.Lowwavesbegintomovefromthepointoftheepicenteroutward.Thesewaveswillincreaseinheightastheycomeclosertotheshore.Underwaterlandslidescausedbyearthquakesmayalsoformtsunamis.

Onland,thefocusofanearthquake’sdestructionisusuallybuildingsandproperty.Mostofthebuildingstodayarebuiltusingstrictbuildingcodes.Thesecodesrequirethatthebuildingcanwithstandtheswayingmotionofthegroundduringanearthquake.However,therebuildings,likeskyscrapers,mayswaysoviolentlythattheymaytipoverandcausedamagetolowerstructuresnearby.Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.Thetypeoflandthatbeneaththebuildingscandeterminethewaythebuildingsrespondtoanearthquake.Buildingsareconstructedonloosesoilandrock.Likelysoilandrockvibrateasiftheywerejelly.Whenbuildingsareconstructedonthistypeofland,theytendtohaveanexaggeratedmotionandtoswayviolently.

1.Thisarticleisconcernedwith（）.

2.Theword“seismologists”(Line5,Paragraph1)refersto（）.

3.Theterm“earthquake-pronearea”(Line6,Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,tsunamisarecausedby（）.

5.Fromthelastparagraphofthearticle,wecaninferthattheintensityofanearthquakeiscloselyrelatedto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.earthquakesonly

B.tsunamisonly

C.bothearthquakesandtsunamis

D.variousnaturaldisasters

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.expertswhoareinterestedinbuildings

B.peoplewhoactasrescueswhenearthquakesoccur

C.peoplewhohaveabilitytopredicttsunamis

D.expertswhostudyearthquakesandrelatedphenomena

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.aplacewhereearthquakesaremorelikelytohappen

B.aregionthattsunamisaremorelikelytooccur

C.anareathatismoresuitablefortheconstructionofskyscrapers

D.azoneinwhichearthquakesareverylikelytohappen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.extremeclimaticchangeduetoglobalwarming

B.destructionofthebalanceoftheecology

C.earthquakes

D.risingsealeveloftheoceanaswellascarbondioxideemission

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.structuresofthebuilding

B.solidityofthebuilding

C.theheightofthebuilding

D.thelocalgeology

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨思想題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是地震及其影響，并著重介紹了其最具破壞性的影響之一——海嘯。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“ThegoalofseismologistsistounderstandtheearthquakeandotherseismicactivityonEarth.”可知，seismologists的目標(biāo)是了解地球上的地震及其引發(fā)的其他活動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.信息推斷題。結(jié)合上下文“...canhelpdecreasethenumberofdeathsandinjuriesthatmayoccur.”分享這些信息能夠幫助減少可能發(fā)生的死亡和受傷人數(shù)。由此可以推斷，“earthquake-pronearea”指容易發(fā)生地震的地方，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句可知，地震最具破壞性的影響之一是海嘯。海嘯是巨大的海浪，發(fā)生在海底地震后。由此可知，海嘯是由地震導(dǎo)致的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句“Onefactorthataffectstheintensityofanearthquakeisthelocalgeology.”影響地震強(qiáng)度的一個(gè)因素是當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)條件。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

Publicdebatearoundclimatechangeanditseffectsonagriculturetendstofocusonthelarge-scaleindustrialfarmsoftheNorth.Farmerswhoworkonasmallscaleandusetraditionalmethodshavelargelybeenignored.However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,Nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.

Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.Forexample,ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction.Whentheseglobalcropsarenolongersuitedtotheenvironmentinwhichtheyaregrown,whentheirresistancetodiseaseandpestsbeginstofail,ortheclimateitselfchanges,thebestwaytorejuvenatethebreedingstockwillbetointroducenewgeneticmaterialfromthevastdiversityofcropvarietiesstillmaintainedbyindigenouspeoples.

Incontrasttotheindustrialmodel,AndeanpotatoesandotherAndeancropssuchassquashandbeansgrownbyQuechuanfarmersexhibitextraordinarygeneticdiversity,drivenbytheneedtoadaptcropstotheextraordinaryclimaticdiversityoftheregion.Alongthetwoaxesoflatitudeandaltitude,theAndesencompassesfullytwo-thirdsofallpossiblecombinationsofclimateandgeographyfoundonEarth.TheAndeanpotatohasbeenadaptedtoeveryenvironmentexceptthedepthoftherainforestorthefrozenpeaksofthemountains.Today,facingthelikelihoodofmajordisruptionstotheclimaticconditionsforagricultureworldwide,indigenousfarmersprovideadramaticexampleofcropadaptationinanincreasinglyextremeenvironment.Moreimportantly,Nativefarmershavealsosafeguardedthecropdiversityessentialforthefutureadaptations.

1.Inthesecondparagraph,theinformationaboutpotato-growingpracticesintheindustrialmodelofagricultureservesto（

）.

2.ThepassagestatesthatwhichofthefollowingistrueofthesmallnumberofpotatovarietiesthataccountformostofthepotatoesproducedonEarthcurrently?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.giveanexampleofapotentialproblemthatNativefarmingpracticescouldhelptoalleviate.

B.showthelikelyglobalconsequencesofapossiblefoodshortagecausedbyindustrialfarmingpractices.

C.showhowpestsanddiseasearelesseffectivelyresistedbycropsgrownintheindustrialfarmingmodel.

D.giveanexampleofhowpublicdebatehashadlittleeffectontheagriculturalpracticesoftheNorth.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyaregrownintheAndeanregion.

B.Theyallrequireverysimilarsoilandclimateconditions.

C.Theymakeoptimaluseofavailablesoilandwaterresources.

D.Theyarebasedongeneticmaterialfromcropsdevelopedbyindigenouspeoples.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AttentiontoNativefarmingpracticeswillleadtogreaterawarenessofthethreatofclimatechange.

B.Popularityofsmall-scalefarmingintheNorthwillleadtogreaterattentiontoNativefanningpractices.

C.Despitepotentialclimatechange,publicdebatewillhavelittleeffectonindustrialfarmingpractices.

D.ItwillbeworthwhiletoincludeagreaterfocusonNativefarmingpracticesinpublicdiscussionsconcerningthethreatofclimatechange.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。在舉例之前，文中提到“Intheindustrialmodelofagriculture,oneortwocropvarietiesaregrownovervastareas.Insteadoftryingtouselocalresourcesofsoilandwateroptimallyandsustainably,thenaturalenvironmentisallbutignoredanduniformgrowingconditionsarefabricatedthroughlarge-scaleirrigationandtheintensiveuseofartificialfertilizersandpesticides.在農(nóng)業(yè)的工業(yè)模式中，一到兩種作物品種生長(zhǎng)在廣闊的地區(qū)。不是試圖以最佳和可持續(xù)的方式利用當(dāng)?shù)氐耐寥篮退Y源，自然環(huán)境幾乎被忽視，通過(guò)大規(guī)模灌溉和大量使用人工化肥和殺蟲(chóng)劑來(lái)創(chuàng)造統(tǒng)一的生長(zhǎng)條件。”可知農(nóng)民忽略自然條件，應(yīng)該重視自然條件來(lái)解決潛在問(wèn)題。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)例子，說(shuō)明當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐可能有助于緩解的一個(gè)潛在問(wèn)題。”故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段中“ahandfulofbasicallysimilarpotatovarieties,allofwhichrequirenearlyidenticalsoilconditions,temperature,rainfall,andgrowingseasons,accountforalmostallglobalproduction少數(shù)幾個(gè)基本相似的馬鈴薯品種都需要幾乎相同的土壤條件、溫度、降雨和生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)，幾乎占全球產(chǎn)量的全部”。可以看出，土豆生長(zhǎng)都需要相同的土壤條件和氣候條件，通過(guò)排除法，可知答案選擇B。

3.主旨大意題。定位到第一段末尾“However,astheworldslowlycomestotermswiththethreatofclimatechange,nativefarmingtraditionswillwarrantgreaterattention.然而，隨著世界逐漸接受氣候變化的威脅，當(dāng)?shù)氐霓r(nóng)業(yè)傳統(tǒng)將值得更多的關(guān)注?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“在有關(guān)氣候變化威脅的公開(kāi)討論中，更關(guān)注本土農(nóng)業(yè)做法將是值得的。”正確。

14.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)experiment“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)expertise“要求”；C選項(xiàng)witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項(xiàng)cleverness“詢問(wèn)”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實(shí)用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Itisourfirm（）thatastepforwardhasbeentakenandwillbringthecountrybacktoeconomicprosperity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conviction

B.empowerment

C.imperative

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。conviction確信，證明；empowerment許可，授權(quán)；imperative命令，需要，勢(shì)在必行；proposition提議，命題。句意：我們堅(jiān)信，已經(jīng)向前邁出了一步，并將使國(guó)家恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

16.翻譯題

大多數(shù)中國(guó)人十分看重自己的工作，覺(jué)得工作會(huì)使自己成為團(tuán)體的一部分。他們相信，工作可以讓他們產(chǎn)生歸屬感。換言之，要得到社會(huì)的承認(rèn)，就必須工作。許多中國(guó)經(jīng)理和員工努力工作，力求保住在公司的職位，原因就是這個(gè)。

【答案】

MostChinesevaluetheirjobsverymuch,andfeelthatitmakesthempartofacommunityandtheybelievethatworkgivesthemasenseofbelonging.Inotherwords,inordertoberecognizedbysociety,theyhavetowork.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeshavetoworkhardandstrivetokeeptheirpositionsinthecompany.

17.單選題

PassageOne

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Robotswilltakeovertheworld.

B.Robotswillrenderthemjobless.

C.Robotscanbeoverusedinhomes.

D.Robotscanbecontrollingtheirlives.22.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.

B.Itstillhastechnicalobstaclestoovercome.

C.Itcanworkindangerousplacesorsituations.

D.Ithasthepotentialtobebuiltwithalaserdevice.23.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Risingcostoflabor.

B.Increasingamountofwealth.

C.Growingnumberofagedpeople.

D.Pressingneedsformodernization.24.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Indifferent.

C.Doubtful.

D.Resentful.25.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.People’saffordability.

B.People’sacceptance.

C.Technicaladvances.

D.Marketpromotion.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】Robotshavebeeninthenewsalotlately.Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotswilltakeovertheirjobs.Butwhataboutrobotsinthehome?Oneofthemostpopularrobotsforthehomeisarobotvacuumcleaner,whichcanalsomassivelycleanyourhomewith