考研考博-英語-北京勞動保障職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京勞動保障職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapsupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleaneconomicalsourceofpowerandthatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.

Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofmarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thusifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogrammesareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentson.

Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisadoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatunclearenergyisessentialbecause（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

5.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceis（

）.

問題1選項

A.indifferent

B.tolerant

C.favorable

D.negative

問題2選項

A.Primitive

B.Cheap

C.Exhaustible

D.Unsafe

問題3選項

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff

問題4選項

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

C.Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.

D.Gratersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprogrammes.

問題5選項

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter’sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度方向。作者在第一段引出了大眾觀點,后面再否定。而且最后一段指出:Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower(權(quán)衡利弊后我們有理由認(rèn)為應(yīng)該選擇使用核能以外的其他能源)。因此作者對于核能的態(tài)度是否定的。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞opponentsofnuclearenergy定位至第一段倒數(shù)第三句:但是，核能的反對者們指出，核電站不僅僅給環(huán)境，而且是給全民的自由帶來了直接的威脅。因此,核能反對者認(rèn)為核能不安全。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段,第一句就指出:有人認(rèn)為核能必不可少，緊接著給出了原因:工業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的社會對便宜的能源有不斷增長的需求，而核能可以滿足這一需求。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二句表明:Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue(這種擴張表現(xiàn)為工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和消費者需求正在不斷的增長。但是，這種增長會不會，或者說能不能持續(xù)，是值得懷疑的)。即作者認(rèn)為它不一定會增長。

5.態(tài)度方向題。最后一句是表明了作者對核能的態(tài)度。

2.寫作題

Writealetterofinvitationofabout100wordstoyourclosefriendTom,askinghimtocomeandstayforaweek-endwithyourfamilyatyourriversidecottage:

(a)youhavenotseenhimforalongtime;

(b)thecountryairwilldohimgood;

(c)hecancatchatrainafterworkonFriday;

(d)youaskhimtoletyouknowthetimeofhisarrival;

(e)youwillmeethimatthestation.

【答案】DearTom,

IthasbeenalongtimesinceIlastseeyou!Howareyou,mydearfriend!

Recently,Iheardthatyouhavebeenthoughaterribletimeoflosingyourwife,allmyfamilyisverysadaboutthisgrievousnews.Weareallworryingaboutyou!

WerecentlyboughtariversidecottageatXXX,andbecauseitisspringnowandtheflowersarebloominghere,wesincerelyinviteyoutocomeheretohaveawonderfulweekend,wearesurethatthecountryairwillbegoodforyou.

YoucancatchatrainafterworkonFridayifyouwillcomehereandpleaseletmeknowtheexacttimeofyourarrival,Iwouldbeexpectingyouatthetrainstation.

Sincerely,yours3.單選題

ManypeopleinvestinthestockmarkethopingtofindthenextMicrosoftandDell.However,Iknow（1）personalexperiencehowdifficultthisreallyis.Formorethanayear,Iwas

（2）

hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollarsadayininvestinginthemarket.Itseemedsoeasy,Idreamedof

（3）myjobattheendoftheyear,ofbuyingasmallapartmentinParis,oftravelingaroundtheworld.Butthesedreams

（4）toasuddenanddramaticendwhenastockI

（5）,Texascellularponewholesaler,fellbymorethan75percent

（6）aoneyearperiod.Onthe（7）day,itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.Therewasarumorthecompanywas

（8）salesfigures.ThatwaswhenIlearnedhowquicklyWallstreet

（9）companiesthat,inonewayoranother,misrepresentthe（10）

.

Ina

（11）,Isoldallmystocksinthecompany,paying

（12）margindebtwithcashadvancesfrommy

（13）card.BecauseIownedsomanyshares,I

（14）asmallfortune,halfofitfrommoneyIborrowedfromthebrokeragecompany.Onemonth,Iama

（15）,thenext,aloser.Thisonebiglosswasmyfirstlessoninthemarket.

Myfatherwasastockbroker,aswaymygrandfather

（16）him(Infact,hefoundedoneofChicago'searliestbrokeragefirms.)Butlikesomanythingsinlife,wedon’tlearnanything,untilwe

（17）forourselves.Theonlywaytoreallyunderstandtheinner（18）ofthestockmarketistoinvestyourownhard-earnedmoney.Whenallyourstocksaredoing

（19）andyoufeellikeawinner,youlearnverylittle.It’swhenallyourstocksarelosingandeveryoneisquestioningyourstockpicking

（20）thatyoufindoutifyouhavewhatittakestoinvestinthemarket.

問題1選項

A.at

B.in

C.from

D.by

問題2選項

A.making

B.spending

C.selling

D.buying

問題3選項

A.losing

B.retiring

C.getting

D.quitting

問題4選項

A.turned

B.came

C.went

D.seemed

問題5選項

A.owned

B.owed

C.rented

D.sold

問題6選項

A.over

B.by

C.from

D.with

問題7選項

A.busy

B.slow

C.worst

D.fast

問題8選項

A.cheating

B.exaggerating

C.announcing

D.beating

問題9選項

A.punishes

B.defeats

C.tells

D.shows

問題10選項

A.trade

B.truth

C.lie

D.lies

問題11選項

A.despair

B.worry

C.panic

D.moment

問題12選項

A.all

B.off

C.over

D.up

問題13選項

A.credit

B.identity

C.identification

D.loan

問題14選項

A.won

B.lost

C.gained

D.Found

問題15選項

A.winner

B.champagne

C.genius

D.mentor

問題16選項

A.after

B.before

C.for

D.and

問題17選項

A.remember

B.live

C.imagine

D.experience

問題18選項

A.workings

B.innings

C.price

D.shares

問題19選項

A.more

B.great

C.much

D.up

問題20選項

A.facility

B.faculty

C.ability

D.power

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:C

【解析】（1）固定搭配。謂語動詞是know，賓語是howdifficultthisreallyis，所以“personalexperience”是動作實施的途徑，作方式狀語。其中，固定表達“knowfrom/through...從……中明白”符合語境和句意‘許多人投資股市，希望找到下一個微軟和戴爾。然而，從我的個人經(jīng)歷中，我知道這有多么困難?！?，所以C選項正確。

（2）固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語“hundredsandsometimesthousandsofdollars幾百，有時是幾千美元”和介詞in可知，B選項構(gòu)成固定搭配“spend時間/金錢+in+doingsth.花時間/金錢做某事”正確。

（3）固定搭配。根據(jù)賓語“myjob我的工作”可知，D選項構(gòu)成“quitone’sjob辭職”符合語境和句意‘在一年多的時間里，我每天都要花費數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千美元來投資股市。這似乎很容易，我夢想在年底辭掉工作，在巴黎買一套小公寓，環(huán)游世界?！?。

（4）詞組。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but確定這一句是說‘夢想破滅’，B選項“cometoanend”表示“結(jié)束；終止”，正確。

（5）詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者的一支名為“Texascellularponewholesaler”的股票大跌，因此，此處表示“擁有”之意，A選項正確。

（6）固定搭配。句意‘但當(dāng)我持有的一只股票Texascellularponewholesale)在一年時間里下跌逾75%時，這些夢想突然戲劇性地終結(jié)了?！痮veraoneyearperiod表示“在短短一年之間”，A選項正確。

（7）詞義辨析。根據(jù)空格后下一句“itplungedbymorethan$15ashare.股票日跌幅高達15美金?！笨芍?，C選項“最壞的一天"符合語境，正確。

（8）詞義辨析。cheating‘欺騙’；exaggerating‘夸大，夸張’；announcing‘宣告，發(fā)表’；beating‘敲打，擊打’；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“rumor謠言”以及后文“misrepresent誤傳”可知，B選項“夸大”修飾賓語“銷售數(shù)字”符合語境，正確。

（9）詞義辨析。punish‘懲罰’；defeat‘擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝’；tell‘告訴，講述’；show‘展示，演示’；根據(jù)定語從句中動詞“misrepresent誤傳；不如實地說明”可知，A項“懲罰（這類公司）”符合語境‘有謠言說公司夸大了銷售數(shù)字。就在那時，我了解到華爾街是多么迅速地懲罰那些以這樣或那樣的方式歪曲…….的公司?！?，正確。

（10）詞義辨析。trade‘貿(mào)易，交易’；truth‘真相，真理’；lie‘謊言’；根據(jù)前文語境可知，此處表達“懲罰那些……的公司”，B選項構(gòu)成“（誤傳）真相”符合語境搭配，正確。

（11）固定搭配。indespair“絕望”，inapanic“驚恐萬分”，inamoment“此刻”，沒有inaworry這個搭配，根據(jù)后文“Isoldallmystocksinthecompany我賣掉了公司所有的股票”可知，前文表示的狀態(tài)應(yīng)備是C選項“inapanic驚恐萬分”。

（12）詞組辨析。payoff“還清（債務(wù)等）”，payup“全部付清”。根據(jù)空格后關(guān)鍵詞“margindebt債務(wù)”可知B選項正確。

（13）固定搭配。此處表示用‘信用卡creditcard’償還債務(wù)，A選項正確。

（14）詞義辨析。won‘贏得’；lost‘丟失，損失’；gained‘獲得’；Found‘發(fā)現(xiàn)’；此處句意是“因為我有很多股票，所以，我……了一小筆?！备鶕?jù)前文可知，此話是處于股票跌值的語境中，所以B項“損失”符合語境，正確。

（15）詞義辨析。winner‘贏家，獲勝者’；champagne‘香檳’；genius‘天才’；mentor‘指導(dǎo)者’；根據(jù)后文關(guān)鍵詞“thenext,aloser之后，是個失敗者”可知，A選項“勝者”符合對比語境。

（16）介詞辨析。此處的“him他”是指“myfather我的父親”，表示“父親和祖父是一樣的身份”。因此，祖父在父親之前也是個股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人，則B項‘在……之前’正確。

（17）詞義辨析。remember‘記得，記住’；live‘居住’；imagine‘想象，猜想’；experience‘經(jīng)歷’；“wedon'tlearnanything我什么都沒有學(xué)到”，而且后文關(guān)鍵詞“ourselves我們自己”可知，此處表示“直到我們親身經(jīng)歷此事”，D想象正確。

（18）詞義辨析。workings‘工作方式’；innings‘局’；price‘價格’；shares‘股份’；根據(jù)語境，A選項構(gòu)成“innerworkings內(nèi)部狀況”符合語境，正確。

（19）詞義辨析。句意“如果你全部股票長勢很好，你自己也覺得是贏家，那你學(xué)到的其實很少。”此處修飾動詞do，需要副詞進行修飾，同時表示‘很好’之意，C選項正確。

（20）詞義辨析。A選項“天資；才能”；B項更強調(diào)生命體本身所具有的能力；C項“本領(lǐng)；能力”，是指人運用腦力或體力完成特定任務(wù)的能力(側(cè)重于能還是不能)，是各種能力的總稱。D項“動力；力量”。此處表示“挑選股票的能力”，C選項符合語境，正確。

4.單選題

Doctorssaythatmoderatedrinkingcanhaveabeneficial（）onyourhealth.

問題1選項

A.impact

B.generation

C.disposition

D.dependence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。impact“影響”;generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”;disposition“性情，處置”;dependence“獨立”。句意：醫(yī)生說適當(dāng)喝酒對你的健康有有利影響。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Graphenemustsurelybeoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinmodernscience.Indeed,thesubstanceissoextraordinarythatitsoundstoogoodtobetrue—asuperflexiblesheetofcarbon,justasingleatomthick,whichisnotonlythethinnestandstrongestmaterialyetknownbutalsoconductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.

WehavetwoscientistsattheUniversityofManchestertothankforgraphene.WhatbeganwithAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovplayingaroundwithScotchtapeandablockofcarbongraphiteturnedintothediscoveryoftheso-called“miraclematerial”(andajointNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2010).

Now,ofcourse,theraceisontoputgraphenetouse.Eventhemoresoberpredictionsreadlikesciencefiction.Fromcheapdesalinationfilterstosolvetheworld’screepingwatercrisis,tonext-generationelectronicswithfoldabletouch-screensandultra-speedybiodegradableprocessors,tosuperstrongbutsuperlightweightcarsandairplanes,ifjustafractionofgraphene’spotentialisfulfilleditwillchangetheworld.Andthatiswithoutevenconsideringeitherthebiomedicalorthemilitarypossibilities.Norareresearchershangingback;in2012alone,some10,000paperswerepublishedonthesubject.

Britainmaybethebirthplaceofgraphene,butwewillstillhavetoworkhardtohangontoourgloballeadasscientistsandentrepreneursacrosstheworlddashforcompetitiveadvantage.Thegoodnewsisthatrealeffortsarebeingmadetobridgethelong-standinggapbetweenuniversityresearchandcommercialproductsthatsooftenleavestheUKlaggingbehind,forexample,theUS.TheGovernmenthasgivenmorethan￡60m,andgrapheneresearchcentersareunderconstructioninbothManchesterandCambridge.

Buttherearealreadysignsofprogress.Yesterday,AppliedGrapheneMaterials一aspin-offfromDurhamUniversity—becamethesecondmanufacturerofthematerialtolistsuccessfullyonthestockmarketthisyear.Bothitsfounders’ambitionsandbeliefsinthemarewhollyjustified.Graphene’spotentialislimitedonlybyourimaginations.

1.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto（）.

2.WhichisNOTapropertyofgrapheneaccordingtothepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatthepastgrapheneresearchintheUKwas（）.

4.Therearegoodreasonsforinvestorstobelieveinthefounders’ambitionsforgraphenebecause（）.

問題1選項

A.urgeBritonstoholdtheleadingraphene

B.introducethenewmaterialgraphenetoreaders

C.informreadersofthelimitlesspotentialsofgraphene

D.reporttheconstructionofUK’sgrapheneresearchcenters

問題2選項

A.Itisthethinnestandstrongestsubstance.

B.Itisasuperbconductorofgas.

C.Itisoneofthemoststretchablematerials.

D.Itisaspecialkindofcarbon.

問題3選項

A.puttodashforacompetitiveadvantage

B.faraheadoftheUSinmarketing

C.turnedintoalotofsciencefiction

D.isolatedinuniversityexperimentlabs

問題4選項

A.humanimaginationscangoasfarastheycan

B.thereisnogapbetweenresearchandproducts

C.thestockmarketintheUKissuccessful

D.thenewmaterialhashugeroomforprofit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段簡單介紹了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的競爭優(yōu)勢,最后一段提到,石墨烯的潛力僅受我們想象力的限制。潛在意思就是石墨烯的潛力是無限的,所以作者的目的也是想讓讀者了解石墨烯的無限潛力。選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段后半部分對石墨烯的描述可知選項A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有選項B錯誤?！癱onductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.”石墨烯可以傳導(dǎo)熱,光,電,但是無法傳導(dǎo)氣體。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Britainmaybethebirthplace...dashforcompetitiveadvantage.”英國可能是石墨烯的誕生地,但是我們?nèi)匀恍枰^續(xù)努力保持全球領(lǐng)先地位,因為全世界的科學(xué)家和企業(yè)家都在爭取競爭優(yōu)勢。選擇A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這里已經(jīng)有發(fā)展的跡象。昨天,石墨烯材料應(yīng)用公司(杜倫大學(xué)的附屬品牌)成為本年度第二個成功上市的石墨烯生產(chǎn)商,而石墨烯的潛力也是無限的。綜上,也就是說這種新物質(zhì)有很大的利潤空間。選項D正確。

6.單選題

JustimaginetheshockofthePrimeMinisterwhenthreeofhisseniorcabinetcolleagues（

）andresignedinprotestonFridaynight.

問題1選項

A.revolved

B.resolved

C.revived

D.revolted

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘試想一下，當(dāng)他的三個高級內(nèi)閣同僚都在周五晚上向他遞交了辭呈并進行抗議，這對這位首相的打擊有多大?！芍@里應(yīng)選與resignedinprotest“辭職抗議”為并列關(guān)系的動詞。A選項revolve“旋轉(zhuǎn)”;B選項resolve“解決”；C選項revive“使復(fù)活，使恢復(fù)”;D選項revolt“反叛，起義”。D選項的revolted與protest相對應(yīng)，D選項正確。

7.單選題

Whenyouarecamping,therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe（）.

問題1選項

A.putupwith

B.caughtupwith

C.comeupwith

D.keptupwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；caughtupwith“給…迷住，入迷”；comeupwith“提出，想出，趕上”；keptupwith“趕得上，和…保持聯(lián)系”。句意：當(dāng)你露營時，你不得不忍受許多不便。A項符合題意。

8.單選題

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

問題1選項

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。

9.問答題

AStheplanetwarms,floods,storms,risingseasanddroughtwilluprootmillionsofpeopleandwithdirewiderconsequences.BarackObama,collectinghisNobelpeaceprize,saidthatclimaticchange“willfuelmoreconflictfordecades”.HetooktheanalysisnotfromenvironmentalscaremongersbutfromagroupofAmericangenerals.

Theforecastisclose（1）becomingreceivedwisdom.Aflurryofnewbookswithtitlessuchas“GlobalWarring”and“ClimaticConflict”offernear-apocalypticvisions.CleoPascal,attheRoyalInstituteofInternationalAffairsinLondon,predictsthosefloods,storms,thefailureoftheIndianmonsoonandagriculturalcollapsewillbring“enormousmadspecificgeopolitical,economicandsecurityconsequencesforallofus...theworldoftomorrowlookschaoticandviolent”.JeffreyMazooftheInternationalInstituteforStrategicStudies,alsoinLondon,callsclimaticchangean“existentialthreat”andfearsitcouldusher（2）“statefailureandinternalconflict”inexposedplaces,notablyAfrica.

Yetsurprisinglyfewfactssupportthesealarmingassertions.Widelytoutedforecastssuchas

for200mclimaticrefugeesinfirenextfewdecadesseemtohavebeenplucked（3）theair.

LittleornoacademicresearchhaslookedatquestionssuchaswhetherBangladeshisdisplacedbyarisingseawouldmoveaseriesofshortdistancesoveralongperiod,or(moredisruptively)agreaterdistanceimmediately.

SoscientistspreparingthefifthreportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,duein2013,areforthefirsttimeincludingachapteronthreatstohumansecurity.Anearlyeffort

cameataconferencelastmonthinNorway,

（4）

theauspicesofthePeaceResearchInstituteinOslo.

Oneideaistofindpreviousoccasionswhenbigenvironmentalchangescame

（5）

social,

politicalandmilitaryshifts.DroughtsintheCentralAsiansteppe,forexample,ledtomasswestwardmigrationandthe“barbarian”invasionsthathelpedtoppletheRomanEmpire.HungeranddroughtledtothecollapseofMayancivilizationamillenniumago.SuddencoolingwipedoutanearlyEuropeansettlementonGreenland.TheDustBowlofthe1930sforcedover2mpeopletomigratewithintheUnitedStates.

ThoseexamplesmayberelevantinAfrica,whereinmanycountriesaroundthree-quartersofthepopulationsurvivebycultivatingafewvarietiesofcropswatereddirectlybyrain,theformof

farmingmostvulnerable

（6）

climaticchange.Africahaswarmedby0.5°Conaverageinthe

pasthalfcentury,andmayheatby1.5-4°Cmorethiscentury.Heathitscerealyields(speciallymaize),perhapsby10-20%fora1*Crise.Rainfallpatternswillalsoshift.

ThehardestevidenceforalinksofarcomesfromateamledbyMarshallBurkeoftheUniversityofCalifornia,whichstudiedAfricanwarsfrom1980to2002andfoundthatrisingtemperaturesarcindeedassociatedwithcropfailure,economicdeclineandasharpriseinthelikelihoodofwar.Itpredicteda“50%increase”inthechanceofcivilwarinAfricaby2030.

Butthatclaimisnowheavilyrevised,sinceresearchersredidtheirsumstotakeaccountofthemorepeacefulperiodof2002-08.Otherssaythatpoliticalandotherfactorssuchasethnicconflictandoutsideinterventionarefarbetterindicatorsofthelikelihoodoffighting.

TakethewidelycitedcaseofthewarinDarfur,thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,

theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis,arisingatleast（7）partfrom

climatechange”.EnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight,offeringgristtothosewhocallclimatechangea“threatmultiplier5，.Averagerainfallintheregionfellabruptly(byathirdormore)intheearly1970sandDarfurrepeatedlysuffereddroughts.Clashesovergrazingandthendisplacementofvillagerswerefollowed,from2003,byhorrificwar.

Yettheconnectioniselusive.Roughlythreedecadeselapsedbetweentherainstoppingandwarstarting.Manyotherfactorspolitical,ethnic,demographicandeconomicconspiredtostokeviolence.ThosewerespecifictoDarfur,whereasthesharpdropinrainfallhitthewholeSahel,withoutintensifyingconflictelsewhere.

AnothercommonlycitedexampleisviolentcompetitionforscarcegrazingbetweennomadicherdsmenintheHomofAfrica.YetastudyoffightingamongpastoralistsontheborderbetweenKenyaandSomaliainthepast60years(presentedattheconference)showedinsteadthatconflictworsenedwhengrazingwasabundantandfell

（

8）

droughts.Hungrypeoplewaretoobusystayingalive,ortooexhausted,tofight.Bycontrast,whenrainsmadeherdsmen’sliveseasier,theycouldreleasesurplusyounglaborfortheviolentsportofraidingothergroups.

Otherresearcherslookatthepoliticalormilitaryconsequencesofphenomenaunrelatedtoweather,suchasrapidurbanization,migrationorearthquakes.Yettheevidenceheretooismixed（9）

best.Wherenaturaldisastersdoshowpredictablepoliticaloutcomes,theyareveryslight.

Astudyoftheshort-termimpactofhurricanesonHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfrom1850-2007,forexample,suggeststhatthestormshavegrownmoreintense(ifnotmorefrequent),buttheirarrivalisnotassociatedwithmompoliticalviolence.Anotherstudyshowedthatnaturaldisastersusuallyproducedshort-termeconomicpainbutnosignofincreasedpoliticalviolence.Earthquakes,too,tendtoproducemixedoutcomes.AMexicanquakein1985mayhavestokedaninsui^ency.Butthetsunamiof2005offeredamomentforsecessionistsinAcehandthecentralIndonesiangovernmenttoco-operateClimatechangecouldindeedcausewoesaplenty.Thatisallthemorereasontobeprecise

（10）

them.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

tout(inparagraph3)

topple(inparagraph5)

intervention(inparagraph8)

elapse(inparagraph10)

stoke(inparagraph10)

intensify(inparagraph10)

grazing(inparagraph11)

woe(inparagraph13)

TheabovearticlementionedthewidelycitedeaseofthewarinDarfur,(thewesternregionofSudan.BanKi-moon,theUNsecretary-general,describeditas“anecologicalcrisis...”Why?Somepeoplecallclimaticchangea“threatmultiplier”.Whatdoesthatmean?

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。此處表示這個預(yù)言幾乎被視為至理名言。becloseto意為“接近，靠近”。

試題答案：to

2.考查介詞搭配。此處表示氣候變化引來的影響。usherin意為“引入，引領(lǐng)”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。pluckfromtheair意為“空穴來風(fēng)，無中生有”。

試題答案：from

4.考查介詞搭配。undertheauspices意為“在……的贊助下”。

試題答案：under

5.考查介詞搭配。此句意為：觀點之一是尋求歷史上環(huán)境改變與伴隨之的政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事變革的聯(lián)系。comealongside意為“隨之而來”。

試題答案：alongside

6.考查介詞搭配。vulnerableto意為“易受……，易于……”。

試題答案：to

7.考查介詞搭配。inpart意為“在某種程度上，部分地”。

試題答案：in

8.考查介詞搭配。during意為“在……期間”。

試題答案：during

9.考查介詞搭配。atbest意為“至多，充其量”。

試題答案：at

10.考查介詞搭配。about意為“關(guān)于……”。

試題答案：about

scaremonger(inparagraph1)

1.試題答案：危言聳聽的人，制造恐慌的人

apocalyptic(inparagraph2)

2.試題答案：世界末日的

tout(inparagraph3)

3.試題答案：吹捧，吹噓

topple(inparagraph5)

4.試題答案：推翻，打倒

intervention(inparagraph8)

5.試題答案：介入，干涉

elapse(inparagraph10)

6.試題答案：消逝

stoke(inparagraph10)

7.試題答案：煽動，激起

intensify(inparagraph10)

8.試題答案：增強，加劇

grazing(inparagraph11)

9.試題答案：牧場，草場

woe(inparagraph13)

10.試題答案：災(zāi)難

Becausetheclimatechange,tosomedegree,resultedinthewarinDarfur.TheaveragerainfallinDarfurfellsharply,whichcausedtheclashesovergrazing,displacementofvillagesandeventuallyresultedinthehorrificwar.

ItmeansthatclimatechangehasintensifiedthethreatenofDarfur,becauseEnvironmentalproblemshaveprobablyworsenedtheDarfur’sdreadfulplight.

10.翻譯題

但是，對于所有的正在進行的激動人心的工作而言，科學(xué)遠(yuǎn)沒有達到一個能塑造完美的人或者甚至一個完美的番茄的美好新世界的境地。在基因治療普及之前，仍然需要做大量研究。如果許多疾病真的可以治療的話，那將花上數(shù)十年的時間。

就短期而言，基因篩選將是運用新技術(shù)的最可行的辦法。醫(yī)生們能在治療各種DNA缺陷之前檢測到它們。在某些情況下，這些信息可以延緩疾病的發(fā)作或是減輕它的病癥。例如，一個有著遺傳性易患心臟病體質(zhì)的人可以進行低脂肪的飲食。如果科學(xué)家由于制造一種重要蛋白質(zhì)的基因存在缺陷從而導(dǎo)致這種蛋白質(zhì)失去的話，也許科學(xué)家就可以給這位病人提供人工蛋白質(zhì)。然而，在其他的情況下，對于阻止由于基因突變而導(dǎo)致的不幸?guī)缀鯚o能為力。

【答案】Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthumanorevenaperfecttomato.Muchmoreresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.

Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissingbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethepatientanartificialversionoftheprotein.Butinotherinstances,almostnothingcanbedonetostoptheravagesbroughtonbygeneticmutations.

11.單選題

CrowdcontrolcouldsoonbecomeacrucialskillforclimbersonMountEverest,asimportantasphysicalstrengthorwatchingtheweather.Inasingledaylastweek,nearly40peoplereachedthetopoftheworld—arecord.Reportssentbysatellitetelephonefrombasecampspokeofqueuesatdangerousridgesandcrowdedaspeoplepassedeachotherinthefinaldashforthe8,848meters(29,129ft)summit.

Moretraditionalmountaineerssneer(嘲笑)atthecircusatmospheresurroundingEverestinrecentyears,andtherearewarningsthatthecrowdsaremakingthemountainmoredangerous.Overcrowdinghasalreadytakenitstoll.In1996,14diedonthemountainwhenthemembersofseveralexpeditionsweretrappedathighaltitudesbysuddensnowstorm.BadweatherinearlyMayledtothisyear’sjamonthesummitridge,butthetoll,luckily,waslight.Justfourclimbersdied,includingaNepaliSherpawhohadmade11previoussuccessfulclimbing.

Traditionalistsarealsoworriedaboutthegrowingtendencyofexpeditionstosetrecordsandachieve“firsts”,ratherthansimplyclimbthemountain.Thisyear’scropofsummiteersincludedtheoldestman,64-year-oIdShermanBullfromConnecticut,andtheyoungest:16-year-oldTembaTsheriSherpaofNepal.AnAmericanwithonlyonearmwasonthemountainthisyear;anIndianwithnolegsalsotriedbuttonoavail.Inthemostspectacularfeat,ErikWeihenmeyer,anAmerican,becamethefirstblindpersontoreachthetopoftheworld.Hisfellowclimbersstayedinfrontofhimonthewayup,describingtheterrainandringingbells.

NepalviewsMountEverestassomethingofacashcow;thegovernmentchargesexpeditionsaminimumof$70,000.ThatisprobablywhyofficialsinKatmanduareignoringconcernsaboutovercrowdingandtalkingaboutevenmoreclimberscomingnextyear.Butacelebrationofthe48thanniversaryofthefirstconquestofEverest,bySirEdmundHillaryandSherpaTenzingNorgay,wascancelledafterviolentstrikes,calledbytheCommunistopposition.Retuningclimberswhothoughttheirchallengewasoverhadtowalkfromhoteltoairportsotheycouldflyhometotheusualtriumphalwelcome.TumultuousNepalipolitics,itseems,couldbejustthecrowd-controlmeasurethatEverestneeds.

1.WhatisimportanttoclimbersonMountEverest?

2.Moreaccidentshavehappenedinrecentyearsdueto（

）.

3.Severalsummiteersaremen