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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-昌吉職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto()themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。remedy補(bǔ)救,治療;reproach責(zé)備;revive使復(fù)興,使蘇醒;revenge報(bào)仇,雪恥。句意:西班牙隊(duì)雖然狀態(tài)不佳,但下周他們將竭盡全力為去年的失利向德國(guó)隊(duì)一雪前恥。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。第一句是虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=過(guò)去時(shí)),但第二句thehousingproblemsnow,關(guān)鍵是now,表示現(xiàn)在,時(shí)態(tài)發(fā)生改變。變?yōu)殄e(cuò)綜虛擬條件句,即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致,如從句指過(guò)去,而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái),此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語(yǔ)境情調(diào)整。句意:如果美國(guó)在1995年為窮人建造更多的住房,現(xiàn)在美國(guó)一些地區(qū)的住房問(wèn)題就不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重。本句表示如果以前怎樣,那現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題就不會(huì)那么嚴(yán)重,主句時(shí)態(tài)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.

(1)theproblemsthatmeeting

(2)hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment(3)tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutehasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand(4)reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas

(5)

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits(6)IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe

(7)forconflictandamajorbarrierto(8)theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.

“It’softenbeensaidthatwater

(9)oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime

(10)thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople

(11)bywatershortageswillincreaseten

(12)overthenext30years,itsays,

(13)couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.

Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga

(14)resourceisagriculture,whichnow

(15)

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome

(16)countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe

(17)markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which

(18)

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity

(19)

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis(20)tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.But

B.So

C.And

D.For

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.overcome

B.highlighted

C.motivated

D.confronted

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtful

B.thought

C.thinking

D.think

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.whose

C.its

D.their

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.decreased

B.increased

C.expanded

D.dwindled

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.initials

B.capitals

C.beginnings

D.letters

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.trigger

B.effect

C.initiation

D.consequence

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.feed

B.raise

C.feeding

D.raising

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.inresponseto

C.inplaceof

D.ratherthan

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.how

C.why

D.when

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.affecting

B.affected

C.isaffected

D.isaffecting

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.double

B.multiple

C.fold

D.time

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.that

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.natural

B.scarce

C.plentiful

D.dormant

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.accountsfor

B.runsfor

C.speaksfor

D.countsfor

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.developed

B.developing

C.advanced

D.industrialized

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.home

B.export

C.exchange

D.foreign

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.remarkably

B.formidably

C.inevitably

D.consumedly

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.so

C.however

D.also

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.appraised

C.rated

D.estimated

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】(1)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞,句意:自從五年前在巴西里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的地球峰會(huì)以來(lái),環(huán)境問(wèn)題在政治上一直處于次要地位,而且遇到的問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有克服。表示句意順承用and。

(2)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘克服,解決’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘是突出,顯著’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘激發(fā)……的積極性’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘面對(duì),面臨’。句意:而且遇到的問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有克服。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

(3)根據(jù)空格后的名詞tank確定這里需要填寫一個(gè)形容詞,只有A選項(xiàng)是形容詞,所以A正確。

(4)根據(jù)空格后的動(dòng)詞reflects用的是三單形式,確定主語(yǔ)是單數(shù),選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

(5)句意:在世界上的一些地方,用水量已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)了五倍。A選項(xiàng)意思是‘減少’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘增加’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘?dāng)U大’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘縮減’。B選項(xiàng)正確。

(6)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘英文縮寫’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘大寫字母’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘開(kāi)始’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘字母’。句意:這個(gè)因?yàn)樗目s寫IFPKE而聞名的機(jī)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)正確。

(7)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘觸發(fā)器’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘影響’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘啟蒙’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘結(jié)果’。句意:短缺可能很快會(huì)觸發(fā)沖突,A選項(xiàng)正確。

(8)feed意思是‘喂養(yǎng)’,raise意思是‘提高’,to表目的,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,排除CD選項(xiàng)。句意:也是阻礙世界人口增長(zhǎng)的主要障礙,B選項(xiàng)正確。

(9)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替,而不是’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘響應(yīng)’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘代替’,通常與be動(dòng)詞搭配使用,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘而不是’,通常不做主語(yǔ)。句意:人們常說(shuō)水將代替石油將成為下個(gè)世紀(jì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的原因。A選項(xiàng)正確。

(10)定語(yǔ)從句,不缺成分,表示時(shí)間用when。

(11)空格后面有動(dòng)詞willincrease,所以空格里的詞不能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意‘被水資源短缺影響的人’,表示被動(dòng),用過(guò)去分詞,B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

(12)十倍,tentimes/fold/multiple,C選項(xiàng)正確。

(13)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。用which引導(dǎo)。A選項(xiàng)正確

(14)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘自然的’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘稀有的,缺乏的’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘豐富的’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘休眠的,靜止的’。句意:水成為一種稀缺的資源的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)。B選項(xiàng)正確。

(15)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘占……比例’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘運(yùn)行’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘說(shuō)明’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘計(jì)數(shù)’。句意:農(nóng)業(yè)用水占比全世界70%的水。B選項(xiàng)正確。

(16)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的,發(fā)達(dá)的’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘發(fā)展中的’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘先進(jìn)的,發(fā)達(dá)的’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘工業(yè)化的’。句意:尤其是發(fā)展中國(guó)家。B選項(xiàng)正確。

(17)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘家,本地的’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘出口’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘交換,交易所’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘外國(guó)的’。句意:無(wú)數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種,A選項(xiàng)正確。

(18)A選項(xiàng)意思是‘顯著地,非常地’,B選項(xiàng)意思是‘可怕地,強(qiáng)大地’,C選項(xiàng)意思是‘不可避免地,必然地’,D選項(xiàng)意思是‘格外地,大大地’。句意:無(wú)數(shù)的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)從種植本地農(nóng)作物轉(zhuǎn)向了高產(chǎn)的出口品種,這需要格外多的水。D選項(xiàng)正確。

(19)根據(jù)選項(xiàng)確定考察連詞,句意:在一些地區(qū),水資源短缺現(xiàn)在是養(yǎng)活人口的最大障礙。缺水還會(huì)導(dǎo)致水污染。Also表示‘也,還’,符合題意。

(20)A,B,C選項(xiàng)都表示‘評(píng)估’的意思,只有D選項(xiàng)是‘預(yù)估’的意思,所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thefactthattheyreactedsodifferentlywasareflectionoftheirdifferent().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.performances

B.personalities

C.qualities

D.debut

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”,B項(xiàng)personality“人格,個(gè)性”,C項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量”,D項(xiàng)debut“初次登臺(tái),開(kāi)張”。句意:他們的反應(yīng)如此不同,反映了他們不同的個(gè)性。根據(jù)句意,該題選B正確。

5.單選題

Don’tloseheart!Youshould______yourcourageandovercomethedifficult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullup

B.pluckup

C.holdup

D.setup

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)pullup“停車;停下;(將椅子)挪近然后坐下”;B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作;鼓起勇氣;發(fā)動(dòng)”,pluckupthecourage(todosth.);C選項(xiàng)holdup“舉起;耽擱;(在逆境中)保持良好狀況”;D選項(xiàng)setup“設(shè)置;成立;創(chuàng)建”。句意:別灰心!你應(yīng)該______勇氣克服困難。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,這里指要勇敢面對(duì)困難,B選項(xiàng)pluckup“振作;鼓起勇氣;發(fā)動(dòng)”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerican,hecanspeak()Chinese.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fluid

B.smooth

C.fluent

D.flowing

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然他出生并成長(zhǎng)于美國(guó),但是他的漢語(yǔ)很流利。

考查形容詞辨析。fluid流動(dòng)的;液體的;smooth平滑的;fluent流利的;flowing流動(dòng)的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Themonumentwas______outofthesideofamountain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perforated

B.masterminded

C.bustled

D.hewn

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.perforated穿孔B.masterminded策劃,組織;操縱

C.bustled四下忙碌;催促(某人向某方向)D.hewn砍;劈

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵詞monument(紀(jì)念碑)和thesideofamountain(山的一側(cè))可知,空格處表示“鑿”符合句意,且hewnoutof為固定搭配,表示“從……鑿出,開(kāi)辟出”。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】這座紀(jì)念碑是從山的側(cè)面鑿出來(lái)的。

8.單選題

ThecommissionpresenteditsreportinJanuaryandthiswasbroadly______inJulyofthatyear.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.encased

B.encored

C.endued

D.endorsed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)encase“包住,圍繞”,B項(xiàng)encore“要求再演或唱”,C項(xiàng)endue“授予,賦予”,D項(xiàng)endorse“背書(shū),認(rèn)可,簽署”。根據(jù)句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是report,由此可推斷endorse“認(rèn)可”符合語(yǔ)境。句意:該委員會(huì)在1月份提交了報(bào)告,并在當(dāng)年7月得到了廣泛認(rèn)可。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Itisnoneofyourbusiness;youhavenorightto().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturb

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞解析。disturb“打擾,妨礙”;interfere“干涉”;interrupt“打斷”;obtain“獲得”。句意:不關(guān)你的事,你沒(méi)有權(quán)利干涉。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Antarcticahasactuallybecomeakindofspacestationauniqueobservationpostfordetectingimportantchangesintheworld'senvironment.Remotefrommajorsourcesofpollutionandthecomplexgeologicalandecologicalsystemsthatprevailelsewhere,Antarcticamakespossiblescientificmeasurementsthatareoftensharperandeasiertointerpretthanthosemadeinotherpartsoftheworld.

GrowingnumbersofscientiststhereforeseeAntarcticaasauniqueobservationdistant-early-warningsensor,wherepotentiallydangerousglobaltrendsmaybespottedbeforetheyshowuptothenorth.Onepromisingfieldofinvestigationisglaciology.ScholarsfromtheUnitedStates,Switzerland,andFrancearepursuingsevenseparatebutrelatedprojectsthatreflecttheirconcernforthehealthoftheWestAntarcticIceSheet,aconcerntheybelievetheworldatlargeshouldshare.

TheTransantarcticMountain,someofthemmorethan14,000feethigh,dividethecontinentintotwoverydifferentregions.Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east”ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.

Whileiceandsnowareobviouslycentraltomanyenvironmentalexperiments,othersfocusonthemysterious"dryvalley"ofAntarctica,valleysthatcontainlittleiceorsnoweveninthedepthsofwinter.SlashedthroughthemountainsofsouthernVictoriaLand,thesevalleysonceheldenormousglaciersthatdescended9,000feetfromthepolarplateautotheRossSea.Nowtheglaciersaregone,perhapsacasualtyoftheglobalwarmingtrendduringthe10,000yearssincetheiceage.Eventhesnowthatfallsinthedryvalleysisblastedoutbyviciouswindsthatroardownfromthepolarplateautothesea.Leftbarearespectaculargorges,rippledfieldsofsanddunes,clustersofboulderssculpturedintofantasticshapesby100-mile-an-hourwinds,andanauraofextraterrestrialdesolation.

Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.Somescientistsbelievethatinsomecasesthedryvalleysmaysoakuppollutantsfasterthanpollutantsenterthem.

1.WhatisthepointtheauthormadeinParagraphOne?

2.HowareeastandwestofTransantarcticMountaindifferentfromeachother?

3.WhatwouldtheresultbeiftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared?

4.Whichofthefollowingaboutdryvalleysistrue?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AntarcticaisaspacestationestablishedbyUSA.

B.Antarcticaimitatesworldenvironment.

C.Antarcticahasseriouspollutions.

D.Antarcticaisabetterplacetodocertainscientificresearch.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Eastsideiswarmerthanwestside.

B.Eastsideismorethan14000feethigh.

C.Iceineastsideisabovesealevel.

D.Iceinwestsideisabovesealevel.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbedisappeared.

B.Thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereduced.

C.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbecomescatteredIslands.

D.ThewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoaclusterofIslands.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavenothingleftinsideandbecomesdiscarded.

B.theymaybethehopeofenvironmentalproblemsinourplanet.

C.theyneverheldglaciersinitslonghistory.

D.Theyareuselesstoscientistsasnothingisleftbehind.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Antarctica:Earth'sEarly-Warningstation..

B.AntarcticaandenvironmentalProblems.

C.Antarctica:aUniqueObservationPost.

D.Antarctica:aMysteriousPlace.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者在第1段中提出了什么要點(diǎn)?’文章第一段大意是“南極洲實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為一種太空站:一個(gè)獨(dú)特的觀測(cè)站,用來(lái)探測(cè)世界環(huán)境的變化。南極洲遠(yuǎn)離污染,又不同于其它任何地方,普遍存在著復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境,所以,這里可以得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學(xué)測(cè)量結(jié)果?!彼宰髡咛岢龅囊c(diǎn)是D選項(xiàng)“南極洲是進(jìn)行某些科學(xué)研究的更好之地”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘跨南極山脈的東西有何不同?’根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句和第三句“Thepartofthecontinenttothe"east"ofthemountainsisahighplateaucoveredbyanicesheetnearlytwomilesthick."West"ofthemountain,thehalfofthecontinentsouthoftheAmericasisalsocoveredbyanicesheet,buttheretheicerestsonrockthatismostlywellbelowsealevel.山脈“東部”的大陸部分是一個(gè)被近兩英里厚的冰原覆蓋的高原。在山脈的“西部”,美洲南部大陸的一半也被冰原覆蓋,但是那里的冰主要是在低于海平面的巖石上?!贝_定C選項(xiàng)“東部的冰高于海平面”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘如果南極西部冰盾消失,結(jié)果會(huì)是什么?’根據(jù)文章第三段中最后一句“IftheWestAntarcticIceSheetdisappeared,thewesternpartofthecontinentwouldbereducedtoasparseclusterofisland.如果南極西部冰蓋消失,大陸西部將會(huì)變成一個(gè)稀疏的島嶼群?!贝_定D選項(xiàng)“大陸西部成為一群島嶼”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘關(guān)于干河谷,下列哪個(gè)是真的?’根據(jù)文章第五段第一句“Despitetheunearthlyaspectofthedryvalleys,somescientistsbelievetheymaycarryamessageofhopeoftheverdantpartsoftheearth.盡管這些干谷看上去不像地球,但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,它們可能為地球上青翠的地方帶來(lái)了希望?!贝_定B選項(xiàng)“他們可能為地球上綠色地區(qū)帶來(lái)了希望的信息”正確。

5.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章最適合的標(biāo)題是?’文章談?wù)撃蠘O洲科研考察的重要性,以及介紹其相關(guān)的環(huán)境特色和問(wèn)題,所以B選項(xiàng)“南極洲和環(huán)境問(wèn)題”是最適合的標(biāo)題。

11.單選題

Itwasn'tuntilthelate19thcenturythatphysiciansrealizedthatits_______symptomswereallpartofthesamedisease.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfunctory

B.peremptory

C.perplexing

D.perambulatory

【答案】C

【解析】perfunctory敷衍的;peremptory強(qiáng)制的,專橫的;perplexing復(fù)雜的,令人困惑的;perambulatory巡視的。句意:直到19世紀(jì)末,醫(yī)生們才意識(shí)到,這些令人費(fèi)解的癥狀都是同一種疾病的一部分。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Lindawas_______theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)。betodo表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事,其完成時(shí)的形式為be+to+have+done。根據(jù)was與changed可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在過(guò)去,“start”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“changed”的之前,故用過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí),因此選B。句意:琳達(dá)本打算一個(gè)月前開(kāi)始做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),但她在最后一刻改變了主意。

13.單選題

Clarkfeltthathis(

)ononeofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apprehension

B.appreciation

C.presentation

D.participation

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apprehension“理解;拘捕;憂慮”;B選項(xiàng)appreciation“評(píng)價(jià),鑒賞”;C選項(xiàng)presentation“贈(zèng)送,授予;提供,顯示;外觀”;D選項(xiàng)participation“參加,參與”。四個(gè)單詞形狀相似??崭癫糠质琴e語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),on引導(dǎo)介詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ),根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“beworth是值得的”,可知空格部分單詞意思是“參加”,句意為:克拉克認(rèn)為他能參加一直以來(lái)最受人矚目的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),吃點(diǎn)苦也值得。選項(xiàng)D符合句子意思,為最佳答案。

14.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally(

)oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”;demonstration“示范”;illumination“照明”;reproduction“繁殖”。句意:許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō),都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon(蠶繭)—intoalargercocoon.

Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.

Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.

1.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageistotell______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,but,infact,mostofthem______.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas______.

5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearound

B.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselves

C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren

D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachother

B.lackconfidence

C.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handed

D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.

B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.

C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.

D.Mostteenagersclaimthattheywanttodowhattheyliketo,buttheyareactuallydoingthesame.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.convincing

B.influential

C.instructive

D.authoritative

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible

B.getintotherightseasonandbecomepopular

C.findone’srealself

D.rebelagainstparentsandthepopularitywave

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知,本文對(duì)當(dāng)前青少年的心理及行為加以剖析,認(rèn)為他們雖然向標(biāo)榜自己特立獨(dú)行,卻還是順應(yīng)大流,和其他人做一樣的事,最后提出建議:青少年應(yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn)自己,做你自己。因此B選項(xiàng)“青少年如何學(xué)會(huì)為自己決定事情”正確。A選項(xiàng)“讀者如何受到周圍人的歡迎”,C選項(xiàng)“父母如何控制和引導(dǎo)他們的孩子”,D選項(xiàng)“人們?nèi)绾卫斫夂妥鹬貙?duì)方”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.(他們中的大多數(shù)人都緊緊抓住彼此的手尋求安慰,而不是大膽地獨(dú)來(lái)獨(dú)往。),說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為大部分青少年不敢大膽做自己,這是缺乏自信的表現(xiàn)。因此B選項(xiàng)“缺乏自信”正確。A選項(xiàng)“互相理解有很大困難”,C選項(xiàng)“不敢單槍匹馬地處理問(wèn)題”,D選項(xiàng)“非常害怕迷路”在文中均沒(méi)有提及,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。B選項(xiàng)“許多父母所做的實(shí)際上是在阻礙他們的孩子找到自己的道路”,由原文Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreatbarrierfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.(如今許多父母都對(duì)自己孩子的受歡迎程度給予了高分。所有這些對(duì)想要找到自己道路的青少年來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)巨大的障礙。)可知,B選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除B。C選項(xiàng)“青少年與同學(xué)意見(jiàn)相左并不一定是壞事”,由原文Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.(你可能想聽(tīng)古典音樂(lè),而不是去參加聚會(huì)。當(dāng)其他人都在收集唱片時(shí),你可能想要收集石頭。你可能有一些想法不愿意立即與你的同學(xué)分享。那就去做吧。)可知,作者支持青少年和同學(xué)有不同的想法,C選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除C。D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)青少年聲稱他們想做自己喜歡的事,但實(shí)際上他們也在做同樣的事”,由原文Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.(他們聲稱自己想穿什么就穿什么。但他們都穿了一樣的衣服。他們想聽(tīng)新的音樂(lè)。但不知為何,他們最后都擠在一起聽(tīng)同一張唱片。)可知,D選項(xiàng)表述正確,排除D。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有真正意義上的受歡迎”,由原文Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.(你會(huì)受歡迎的,因?yàn)槿藗冏鹬啬愕臑槿?。這是唯一一種真正重要的受歡迎程度。)可知,作者認(rèn)為有真正意義上的受歡迎,A選項(xiàng)不符合原文,所以本題選A。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementswhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.(現(xiàn)在每個(gè)青少年都可以從廣告中學(xué)到青少年應(yīng)該擁有什么和成為什么樣的人。),說(shuō)明青少年會(huì)受廣告宣傳的影響。因此B選項(xiàng)“有影響力的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“有說(shuō)服力的”,C選項(xiàng)“指導(dǎo)性的”,D選項(xiàng)“權(quán)威性的”均不符合題意,所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句Findyourself.Beyourself.(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己。做你自己。),說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為青少年應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)真正的自己。因此C選項(xiàng)“找到真正的自我”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在盡可能多的方面與他人不同”,B選項(xiàng)“融入合適的時(shí)期,成為受歡迎的人”,D選項(xiàng)“反抗父母和流行的浪潮”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

16.單選題

Thequalitiesofmyhometown,()onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingimpressed

B.impressed

C.impressing

D.tobeimpressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。填空處句子為插入語(yǔ),句子結(jié)構(gòu)需完整,所以要用分詞或者動(dòng)名詞形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D。impress和me之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用分詞,選項(xiàng)B正確。句意:家鄉(xiāng)的文化特色給童年時(shí)代的我留下了深刻的印象,對(duì)指導(dǎo)我職業(yè)生涯的哲學(xué)思想產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

17.翻譯題

Onaverage,kidsfarebetterintwo-parentfamilies.Butasizablepercentageofchildreninsingle-parentfamiliesthrive,andmanyintwo-parentfamiliesdonot.Whatmattersmost—regardlessoffamilystructure—iswhathappenswithinthefamily.

Particularlyimportantisthefamily’sabilitytosupportandnurture,minimizeconflict,practicedemocraticdecisionmaking,setandenforceboundaries,provideconsistentandpositiveformsofdisciplineandmodel,andencouragevaluesofcaringandresponsibility.

Familiesshouldalsoprovideaccesstostructuredactivities(e.g.,clubs,organizations,lessons)andastimulatingenvironmentforlearning(includingparentalinvolvementinschooling).

Whileitissomewhateasiertodelivertheseintwo-parentfamilies,somesingle-parentfamiliesdosucceedbydrawingoninformalandformalsupportsystemsfromneighborhoods,schools,andchurches.Ourchallengeistodiscoverwaystomaximizethenumberofstrongtwo-parentfamiliesandsupportallfamilyeffortstoraisehealthychildren,includingeffortsbysingle-parentfamilies.

【答案】參考譯文:

一般來(lái)說(shuō),在雙親家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子成長(zhǎng)得更好。但是也有相當(dāng)大的一部分單親家庭的孩子得到健康成長(zhǎng),而許多雙親家庭的孩子卻沒(méi)有。不管家庭結(jié)構(gòu)如何,最重要的是家庭內(nèi)部所發(fā)生的事情。

家庭的這些能力是極為重要的:撫養(yǎng)、避免沖突、踐行家庭民主抉擇、制定和實(shí)施家法、樹(shù)立典范以及鼓勵(lì)富有愛(ài)心和責(zé)任心。

每個(gè)家庭還應(yīng)該組織結(jié)構(gòu)性活動(dòng)(如參加俱樂(lè)部、社團(tuán)以及輔導(dǎo)班)并且營(yíng)造良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境(包括父母參與學(xué)校教育)。

雙親家庭做到這些顯得更加容易,但是單親家庭卻得靠鄰居、學(xué)校和教堂的正式和非正式的幫助。我們現(xiàn)在面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是如何盡量增加幸福家庭的數(shù)量,幫助所有單親和雙親家庭的孩子健康成長(zhǎng)。

18.翻譯題

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和物質(zhì)生活的豐富,廣告在日常生活中變得越來(lái)越重要了。廣告提供產(chǎn)品的最新信息。沒(méi)有廣告,消費(fèi)者就不能盡快地了解附近的商店里都有什么新商品。廣告有助于市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展,因?yàn)樨涃u得越多,價(jià)格就越便宜。廣告還為報(bào)紙、雜志、廣播電臺(tái)和電視臺(tái)等單位帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

【答案】Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandtheenrichmentofmateriallife,advertisementsaregettingmoreandmoreimportantinourdailylife.Advertisementsofferthelatestinformationconcerningnewproducts.Withoutthem,consumerswouldbeunabletoknowassoonaspossiblewhatnewcommoditiesareavailableinthestoresnearby.Advertisementsareconducivetothedevelopmentofmarketsbecausethemoregoodsaresold,thecheapertheywillbe.Advertisementscanalsobringabouteconomicbenefitsforsuchunitsasnewspapers,magazines,radioandtelevisionstations.

19.單選題

Directions:Readingthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorD.

Afour-yearcollegedegree,seenforgenerationsasatickettoabetterlife,is(11)enoughtoguaranteeasteadilyrisingpaycheck.

JustaskBeaDewing.Aftersheearnedabachelor’sdegree—hissecond—incomputersciencefromMaryland’sFrostburgStateUniversityin1986,sheenjoyedalmostunbrokenadvancein(12),eventuallyearning$89,000ayearasadatamodelerforSprintCorpinLawrence,Ken.Then,in2002,Sprintlaidheroff.

“IthoughtImightbelookingafewweeksormonthsatmost,”saysMs.Dewing,now56yearsold.(13)shespentthenextsixyearsinacareerwilderness,startingininternetcafethatdidn’tsucceed,working(14)jobandlow-endpositionsindataprocessing,andfruitlessly(15)hundredsofjobpostings.Thelowpointcamearound2004whenarecruiterforSprint—nowknownasSprintNextelCorp.—calledseekingtofillajobsimilartotheoneshe(16)twoyearsearlier,butpayingbarelyathirdofheroldsalary.

InApril,Ms.Dewingfinallylandedajob(17)heroldoneintheinformationtechnologydepartmentofWal-MartStoreInc.’sheadquartersinBentonville,Ark,wheresherelocated.She(18)about20%lessthanshedidin2002,adjustedforinflation,butconsidersherselffortunate,andwiser.

Adegree,shesays,“isn’tanybigguaranteeofemployment,it’sabasic(19),astepyouhavetotaketo(20)beconsideredformanyprofessionaljobs.”Acollegedegreemaynottakeyouasfarasyou’dexpect,althoughtheremaystillbeafewfieldswhereabachelor’sdegreestillremainsaworthyinvestment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definitely

B.nolonger

C.rarely

D.impossible

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.security

B.promotion

C.benefits

D.wages

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore

B.Despite

C.Instead

D.And

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.temporary

B.various

C.similar

D.technical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.respondedto

B.respondingfor

C.respondingto

D.respondthrough

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.got

B.gaveup

C.lost

D.secured

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.relatedto

B.similarto

C.comparedwith

D.incontrastwith

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.earns

B.contributes

C.offers

D.pays

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.quality

B.requirement

C.promise

D.possibility

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.just

B.though

C.yet

D.even

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)definitely“清楚地,當(dāng)然;明確地,肯定地”;B選項(xiàng)nolonger“不再”;C選項(xiàng)rarely“很少地;難得;罕有地”;D選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的;不可能存在的”。句意:四年制本科學(xué)位在多少代人的眼中都被看作是通往美好生活的門票,而現(xiàn)在,它已不再能保證薪水的穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)了。根據(jù)句意,此處有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

12.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義與詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)security“安全,安全性;保證;證券;抵押品”;B選項(xiàng)promotion“提升,晉升;促銷;促進(jìn)”;C選項(xiàng)benefit“利益,好處”;D選項(xiàng)wage“工資;報(bào)酬”。句意:她幾乎不間斷地享受加薪。由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞“earning$89,000ayear年薪89000美元”可知“工資”符合句意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)furthermore“此外;而且”;B選項(xiàng)despite“即使,盡管”;C選項(xiàng)instead“反而;相反”;D選項(xiàng)and“和;然后”。句意:但恰恰相反,接下來(lái)的六年中她在求職道路上處處碰壁。由上文“IthoughtImightbelookingafewweeksormonthsatmost我覺(jué)得自己最多只要幾周或幾個(gè)月時(shí)間就能找到工作”,可推知此處表轉(zhuǎn)折,instead“反而;相反”符合句意,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義與詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)temporary“暫時(shí)的,臨時(shí)的”;B選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的;多方面的”;C選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”;D選項(xiàng)technical“工藝的,科技的”。句意:從事數(shù)據(jù)處理方面的臨時(shí)工作和低端職位?!皶簳r(shí)的”符合句意,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法和詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)respondto“響應(yīng);回答;對(duì)……反應(yīng)”;B選項(xiàng)respondfor“作出……反應(yīng)/響應(yīng)”;C選項(xiàng)與A選項(xiàng)相同;D選項(xiàng)respondthrough“通過(guò)……反應(yīng)/響應(yīng)”。句意:也曾經(jīng)回復(fù)過(guò)數(shù)百個(gè)職位招聘廣告,但都無(wú)功而返。這里要表達(dá)的意思是“respondingtohundredsofjobpostings曾經(jīng)回復(fù)過(guò)數(shù)百個(gè)職位招聘廣告”,且“respondingto”和前文的“starting”“working”為并列結(jié)構(gòu),因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義和詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)get“獲得;受到;變成”;B選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄;交出”;C選項(xiàng)lose“浪費(fèi);使沉溺于;使迷路;遺失;錯(cuò)過(guò)”;D選項(xiàng)secure“保護(hù)”。句意:最低潮的時(shí)候是在2004年左右,斯普林特──現(xiàn)在的SprintNextelCorp.──的一個(gè)招聘人員打來(lái)電話,職位與她兩年前失去的工作類似,但薪水只有她原先的三分之一。根據(jù)上文可知,杜因兩年前曾經(jīng)失去過(guò)一份工作,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義和詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)relateto“與……有關(guān)”;B選項(xiàng)similarto“與……相似;和……相同”;C選項(xiàng)comparewith“與……相比較”;D選項(xiàng)incontrastwith“與……形成對(duì)比;與……相比”。句意:杜因終于在阿肯色州本頓維爾的沃爾瑪連鎖公司(Wal-MartStoresInc.)總部的信息技術(shù)部門找到了一份與老本行差不多的工作。句子要表達(dá)的是“一份與之前工作相似的工作”,“similarto與……相似”符合句意,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義和詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺;獲得;掙得”;B選項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn);有助于”;C選項(xiàng)offer“提供;出價(jià)”;D選項(xiàng)pay“支付;給予”。句意:她現(xiàn)在的薪水經(jīng)通脹因素調(diào)整后比2002年的薪水低了20%左右。根據(jù)上下文可知“earn賺;獲得;掙得”符合句意,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)quality“質(zhì)量,品質(zhì);特性;才能”;B選項(xiàng)requirement“要求;必要條件;必需品”;C選項(xiàng)promise“許諾,允諾;希望”;D選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性”。句意:學(xué)位并不是找到工作的大保證,它是一項(xiàng)基本要求,甚至是許多專業(yè)職位考慮聘用你時(shí)必須采取的一步。“requirement要求”符合句意,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)just“只是,僅僅”;B選項(xiàng)though“雖然,盡管”;C選項(xiàng)yet“還;但是;已經(jīng)”;D選項(xiàng)even“甚至,即使”。句意:學(xué)位并不是找到工作的大保證,它是一項(xiàng)基本要求,甚至是許多專業(yè)職位考慮聘用你時(shí)必須采取的一步。根據(jù)句意可知even“甚至”正確,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

NodoubtyouknowseveralfolkswithperfectlyrespectableIQswhorepeatedlymakepoordecisions.Thebehaviorofsuchpeopletellsusthatwearemissingsomethingimportantbytreatingintelligenceasifitencompassedallcognitiveabilities.Icoinedtheterm“dysrationalia”,meaningtheinabilitytothinkandbehaverationallydespitehavingadequateintelligence,todrawattentiontoalargedomainofcognitivelifethatintelligencetestsfailtoassess.AlthoughmostpeoplerecognizethatIQtestsdonotmeasureeveryimportantmentalfaculty,webehaveasiftheydo.Wehaveanimplicitassumptionthatintelligenceandrationalitygotogether—orelsewhywouldwebesosurprisedwhensmartpeopledofoolishthings?

IQtestsdonotmeasuredysrationalia,buttherearewaystomeasuredysrationaliaandwaystocorrectit.Decadesofresearchincognitivepsychologyhavesuggestedtwocausesofdysrationalia.Oneisaprocessingproblem,theotheracontentproblem.Muchisknownaboutbothofthem.

Theprocessingproblemcomesaboutbecausewetendtobecognitivemisers.Whenapproachingaproblem,wecanchoosefromanyofseveralco

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