考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆天山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆天山職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Onceanemployeewantstoworkabroadhemusthaveaclearmindthathissuccessandexpertisehomedonotmeanhecancontinuehisexcellenceathisoverseasbranchbecauseoftheculturalenvironmentaswellashisadaptability.ThinkingdifferenceinsteadofprofessionalexperienceplaysanimportantroleforU.S.businesspeoplesuccessatforeignmarket.Values,attitude,andbuyingpreferenceandtheirrelatedinformationhavetobeadaptedandalteredfromtopmanagementtoaverageworkersinthecourseoftappingforeignmarkets.Forinternationalbusiness,thefirmsinU.S.havetoredeterminetheirmarketingstrategyandtacticswhichgenerallycontrarytowhattheyhavedoneattheirhomemarketsbasedontheirknowledgeofthetargetingcountries’culturecontext.Americanbusinesspersonshavetounderstandthatculturalvariableinfluenceinternationalbusinessenterprisessotheyarerequiredtoplacehighlyprioritytocommunicatewiththeforeignpeopleformutualunderstandingbesidestheirbusinessactivities.

【答案】如果一名員工想出國(guó)工作，他必須要弄清楚的是，由于文化環(huán)境的差異和他自身適應(yīng)能力的影響，他在國(guó)內(nèi)的成功和專業(yè)并不能保證他能在國(guó)外的分公司也一樣的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀。在國(guó)外市場(chǎng)上，美國(guó)商務(wù)人員的成功取決于思維差異而不是專業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在開(kāi)發(fā)國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的進(jìn)程中，價(jià)值觀、態(tài)度和購(gòu)買偏好以及與這些相關(guān)的信息從高層主管到普通職工之間不盡相同，需要我們?nèi)ミm應(yīng)。在國(guó)際商務(wù)中，美國(guó)的企業(yè)需要根據(jù)他們對(duì)目標(biāo)國(guó)文化的了解來(lái)重新調(diào)整他們的市場(chǎng)策略與戰(zhàn)術(shù)，這些戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)常會(huì)與他們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)采用的相反。美國(guó)的商人必須了解文化差異對(duì)國(guó)際企業(yè)的影響，所以他們需要高度重視與外國(guó)朋友在商業(yè)活動(dòng)外的交流，以促進(jìn)相互理解。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiquesofthejust-releasedinternationalassessmentoftheevidenceonclimatechange,amovethatpromptedsomeacademicsandenvironmentaliststoaccusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.

AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroupquestionedwhytheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute(AEI)hasoffered$10,000toacademicswillingtocontributetoabookonclimate—changepolicy,anoverturethatwasfirstreportedFridayinLondon’sGuardiannewspaper.

GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger,whonotedthatAEIhasreceivedfundingfromExxonMobilinrecentyears,saidyesterdaythatthethinktank“hasclearlyhitanewlow…whenit’sthrowingoutcashawardsundertherubricof‘reason’tocreateconfusiononthestatusofclimatescience.AmericansarestillsufferingtheimpactsofHurricaneKatrina,andit’sclearlytimeforpolicymakersonbothsidesoftheaisletotakesubstantiveactiononglobalwarmingandignoreExxonMobil’sdisinformationcampaignviaclimateskeptics.”

AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques—saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming,notthescience.

“It’scompletelypolicy-oriented,”saidGreen,addingthatathirdoftheacademicsAEIsolicitedfortheprojectareinterestedinparticipating.“Somebodywantstodistortthis.”

InJuly2006,GreenandAEIresidentscholarStevenF.Hayward—bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming—startedsolicitingessaysfromacademicsonthethen-upcomingreportonglobalwarmingbytheU.N.—sponsoredIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Thesurvey’sauthors,whohailfrommorethan100countries,saidintheirreportFridaythattheyareatleast90percentcertainthathumanactivityaccountedforclimatechangeoverthepast50years.

“ThepurposeoftheprojectistohighlightthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheIPCCprocess,especiallyasitbearsonpolicyresponsestoclimatechange,”thetwomenwrote.“Aswithanylarge-scale‘consensus’process,theIPCCissusceptibletoself-selectionbiasinitspersonnel,resistanttoreasonablecriticismanddissent,andlikelytohavesummaryconclusionsthatarepoorlysupportedbytheanalyticalworkofthecompleteWorkingGroupreports.”

Atleasttwoacademics—TexasA&MUniversityatmosphericsciencesprofessorGeraldNorthandTexasA&MclimateresearcherStevenSchroeder—turneddownAEI’sofferbecausetheyfearedtheirworkwouldbepoliticized.

Schroeder,whohasworkedwithGreeninthepastandhasquestionedsomeaspectsoftraditionalclimatemodeling,saidinaninterviewthathedidnotthinkAEIwouldhaveskewedhisresults.Butheaddedthatheworriedhiscontributionmighthavebeenpublishedalongside“off-the-wallideas”questioningtheexistenceofglobalwarming.

“Weworriedourworkcouldbemisusedevenifweproducedareasonablereport,”Schroedersaid.“Whileanyhumanendeavorcanbecriticized,theIPCCsystemgreatlyexceedsthecooperation,opennessandscientificrigorousnessoftheprocessappliedtoanyotherproblemareathathassignificanteffectsonsociety.”

41.Theword“commission”inthefourthparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

42.Someacademicsandenvironmentalistsaccuse（）ofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceofglobalwarming.

43.Advocacygroupsinclude（）.

44.JaneKocherspergeris（）.

45.KennethGreenbelieves（）.

46.Thebesttitleforthisarticleis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.callingthegrouptogethertodothejob

B.separatingthegroupfromdoingthejob

C.committee

D.settingupacommitteetotacklethisissue

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aWashington—basedthinktank

B.asolicitor

C.anassessment

D.anassessmentgroup

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanEnterpriseinstituteandthePublicInstituteResearchGroup

B.GreenpeaceandAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

C.GreenpeacePublicInterestResearchGroupandAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

D.PublicInterestResearchGroupandGreenpeace

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.anemployerofExxonMobil

B.aU.S.congressperson

C.avictimofHurricaneKatrina

D.aspokespersonforGreenpeace

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereisaneedtocapemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming

B.thereisnoneedtocapemissionofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming

C.globalwarmingisabigprobleminmorethan100countries

D.globalwarmingisnotabigprobleminmorethan100countries

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.OurEnvironmentalConcerns

B.TheThreatofGlobalWarming

C.TheDebateoverGlobalWarming

D.TheBuildUpofCarbonDioxideWeFaceToday

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。commission出現(xiàn)在文章第四段AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques（美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所訪問(wèn)學(xué)者肯尼斯?格林——兩名尋求委托發(fā)表評(píng)論的研究人員之一），根據(jù)第四“commission”一詞的后面一句saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming.（他的團(tuán)體正在研究全球變暖的政治辯論）。A選項(xiàng)“召集大家來(lái)做這件事”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“把團(tuán)隊(duì)和工作分開(kāi)”，不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“委員會(huì)”，commission這里作為動(dòng)詞，C選項(xiàng)詞性不符合，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估小組”，不符合題意，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句、第二句AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiques（一家總部設(shè)在華盛頓的智庫(kù)一直在征求批評(píng)意見(jiàn)），可知accusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.（指責(zé)該組織試圖歪曲全球變暖的最新證據(jù)）中的“thegroup”指的是前面的“華盛頓智庫(kù)”。A選項(xiàng)“華盛頓智庫(kù)”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)客”，不符合題意，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估小組”，不符合題意，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroup（倡導(dǎo)組織如綠色和平組織和公共利益研究組織），說(shuō)明倡導(dǎo)組織就是綠色和平組織和公共利益研究組織。D選項(xiàng)“公共利益研究小組和綠色和平組織”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所和公共研究所研究小組”，在文中沒(méi)有提及，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“綠色和平組織和美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所”、C選項(xiàng)“綠色和平公共利益研究小組和美國(guó)企業(yè)研究所”在文中沒(méi)有提及美國(guó)，C可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger（綠色和平組織發(fā)言人JaneKochersperger）。選項(xiàng)D“綠色和平組織發(fā)言人”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項(xiàng)“?？松梨诠镜墓椭鳌保环衔恼聝?nèi)容，可排除。選項(xiàng)B“美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。選項(xiàng)C“卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的受害者”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming（兩人都對(duì)限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體排放的必要性質(zhì)疑），二者皆懷疑限制二氧化碳和其它與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的釋放的需要，根據(jù)此意可知KennethGreen認(rèn)為沒(méi)有必要限制這些氣體的釋放。選項(xiàng)B“沒(méi)有必要限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的排放”，符合文章內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A“有必要限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的排放”，A選項(xiàng)正好與文章內(nèi)容相反。選項(xiàng)C“全球變暖是100多個(gè)國(guó)家的一個(gè)大問(wèn)題”是文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“全球變暖在100多個(gè)國(guó)家都不是大問(wèn)題”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。從文章的第一段我們便可知道文章的主題，第一段講到華盛頓的一群智囊團(tuán)質(zhì)疑新近發(fā)布的有關(guān)全球變暖的證據(jù)報(bào)告，這導(dǎo)致了一些學(xué)術(shù)家和環(huán)境主義者對(duì)此的反駁和與智囊團(tuán)的爭(zhēng)辯。所以文章就是圍繞有關(guān)全球變暖的爭(zhēng)論開(kāi)始的。C選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于全球變暖的爭(zhēng)論”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan(泥蓋木屋).Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singers”totheirstudents.ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit;brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverized（替……弄碎）bybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_____.

2.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin_____.

3.The“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause_____.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Whichofthefollowingtitleswillbebesttosuitthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope

B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart

C.considerhowNavaho“singers”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings

D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.pleasingtheghosts

B.attractingsupernaturalpowers

C.attractingghosts

D.creatingasandpainting

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithaspharmaceuticalvalue

C.itdecoratesthepatient

D.noneoftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Paint

B.Beachsand

C.Rushedsandstone

D.Flour

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearch

B.TheNavahoIndians’SandPaintings

C.TheProcessofSandPaintingCreation

D.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步關(guān)注首段核心句，首段核心句是第一段最后一句SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.“美國(guó)西南部納瓦霍族印第安人的沙畫就是這樣；這些具有醫(yī)學(xué)和藝術(shù)目的”。第二步，分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章的行文是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，先通過(guò)藝術(shù)也可以有其實(shí)際功能性這個(gè)話題引出美國(guó)印第安人的一種沙畫，第二段講述沙畫的用途，第三段講述“沙畫”這種儀式的具體過(guò)程，最后一段講沙畫的傳承。第三步，提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，第一段thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose（這些具有醫(yī)學(xué)和藝術(shù)目的）指的是沙畫兼具藝術(shù)性和目的性；第二段Tocounteractthisevilcontact...（為了對(duì)抗這種邪惡的接觸……）這里講述了沙畫的醫(yī)療目的；第三段倒數(shù)第二句Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeing（通過(guò)這種方式，病人吸收了那個(gè)特殊的超自然生物的力量）這里是講述的沙畫如何實(shí)現(xiàn)它的醫(yī)療目的；第四段downfrom，preserve這里可知這段講述的是沙畫的傳承。綜上可知文章的目的是為了講述納瓦霍印第安人如何將沙畫用于醫(yī)療目的，所以答案選D“描述納瓦霍印第安人如何將沙畫用于醫(yī)學(xué)目的”。

A選項(xiàng)“討論中世紀(jì)歐洲的沙畫的醫(yī)學(xué)用途”，定位到第一段最后一句話SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest...，從這里可知位置應(yīng)該定位到美國(guó)而不是歐洲，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“研究納瓦霍印第安人傳承他們繪畫藝術(shù)的方式”，文章只是在第四段提到沙畫的傳承方式，不是文章的目的，這里屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“考慮納瓦霍‘歌手’如何用沙畫來(lái)治療他們的疾病”，文章在第三段談到“歌手”是如何用沙畫來(lái)治愈患者的，不是文章的目的，這里屬于以偏概全。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第二段第二句話Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.（為了對(duì)抗這種邪惡的接觸，病人或他的一個(gè)親戚會(huì)雇傭一個(gè)被稱為“歌手”的藥師來(lái)執(zhí)行一個(gè)治療儀式，這將吸引一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的超自然的存在），從這里可知答案選B。

A選項(xiàng)“取悅鬼魂”，定位到第二段第一句話AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.從這里可知因?yàn)槿吮怀匀荒芰φ勰ニ圆派?，這種超自然能力可能是動(dòng)物、鬼魂或者逝者，而做儀式的目的是抵抗這個(gè)超自然能力，不是為了取悅鬼魂，所以這里屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“吸引鬼魂”與A選項(xiàng)相同，做儀式的目的是抵抗這個(gè)超自然能力，不是為了吸引鬼魂，這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造沙畫”與A選項(xiàng)相同，做儀式的目的是抵抗這個(gè)超自然能力，不是為了創(chuàng)造沙畫，這里屬于反向干擾。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第一段最后一句話thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose“這些具有醫(yī)學(xué)和藝術(shù)目的”，第二步尋找上下文線索，從這里可知沙畫有醫(yī)療作用，用沙子摩擦背部是醫(yī)療的一部分，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)

“這有醫(yī)療價(jià)值”。

A選項(xiàng)“病人從沙子中獲得力量”根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句話Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.“通過(guò)這種方式，病人吸收了那個(gè)特殊的超自然的力量，并變得像它一樣強(qiáng)大”，由這里可知用沙子摩擦病人是為了趕走疾病。從前文可知，“歌手”畫沙畫的目的是為了吸引超自然存在，因此用沙子摩擦病人不是為了從沙子里獲取力量，而是為了獲取被沙畫吸引過(guò)來(lái)的超自然存在的力量從而達(dá)到趕走疾病的目的，這里屬于偷換概念。

C選項(xiàng)“這用來(lái)裝飾病人”文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“以上都不是”，因?yàn)锽選項(xiàng)正確，所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第二句話ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit;brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornisgroundintoflour.“使用的材料很容易在納瓦霍人居住的地區(qū)找到；棕色、紅色、黃色和白色的砂巖，它們被兩塊石頭壓碎，就像玉米被磨成面粉一樣”。第二步，綜合理解，從這里可知沙畫選材來(lái)自于sandstone“砂石”，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)“砂石”。

A選項(xiàng)“油畫”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“海灘上的沙子”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“面粉”，定位到文章第四段第二句（見(jiàn)A選項(xiàng)），這里只是把砂石碾碎的過(guò)程比作玉米碾成面粉的過(guò)程，與沙畫選材沒(méi)有關(guān)系，這里屬于曲解原文。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一步關(guān)注首段核心句，首段核心句是第一段最后一句SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.“美國(guó)西南部納瓦霍族印第安人的沙畫就是這樣；這些具有醫(yī)學(xué)和藝術(shù)目的”。第二步，分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章的行文是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，先通過(guò)藝術(shù)也可以有其實(shí)際功能性這個(gè)話題引出美國(guó)印第安人的一種沙畫，第二段講述沙畫的用途，第三段講述“沙畫”這種儀式的具體過(guò)程，最后一段講沙畫的傳承。第三步，提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，第一段thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose“這些具有醫(yī)學(xué)和藝術(shù)目的”，指的是沙畫兼具藝術(shù)性和目的性；第二段Tocounteractthisevilcontact...（為了對(duì)抗這種邪惡的接觸……）這里講述了沙畫的醫(yī)療目的；第三段倒數(shù)第二句Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeing（通過(guò)這種方式，病人吸收了那個(gè)特殊的超自然生物的力量）這里是講述沙畫如何實(shí)現(xiàn)它的醫(yī)療目的；第四段downfrom，preserve這段講述的是沙畫的傳承。綜上可知整篇文章都是圍繞著納瓦霍族印第安人的沙畫來(lái)展開(kāi)的，所以B選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍印第安人的沙畫”作為題目最為合適。

A選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)學(xué)研究的新方向”，文章只是提到沙畫的醫(yī)療作用，但是沒(méi)有說(shuō)明這對(duì)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)有什么影響，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“沙畫創(chuàng)作過(guò)程”，這只是文章第三段提到，不是整篇文章的中心，所以不能選，這里屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“納瓦霍印第安人的醫(yī)療歷史”，文章只是提到沙畫的醫(yī)療作用，沒(méi)有講到印第安人的醫(yī)療史，這里屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.單選題

（）Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eventhough

B.Unless

C.Aslongas

D.However

【答案】C

【解析】句意：只要我知道錢是安全的,我就不會(huì)擔(dān)心。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Theseleathershoesareallmade（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.athand

B.inhand

C.onhand

D.byband

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)athand“在手邊，即將到來(lái)”，B選項(xiàng)inhand“在手頭，在進(jìn)行中”，C選項(xiàng)onhand“在手邊，在場(chǎng)，即將發(fā)生”，D選項(xiàng)byhand“用手，手工的，定做的”，句意：這些皮鞋都是定做的。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Helicobacterpyloriisoneofhumanity’soldestandclosestcompanions,andyetittookscientistsmorethanacenturytorecognizeit.Asearlyas1875,Germananatomistsfoundspiralbacteriacolonizingthemucuslayerofthehumanstomach,butbecausetheorganismscouldnotbegrowninapureculture,theresultswereignoredandthenforgotten.Itwasnotuntil1982thatAustraliandoctorsBarryJ.MarshallandJ.RobinWarrenisolatedthebacteria,allowinginvestigationsofHpylori’sroleinthestomachtobegininearnest.Overthenextdecaderesearchersdiscoveredthatpeoplecarryingtheorganismshadanincreasedriskofdevelopingpepticulcers—breaksintheliningofthestomachorduodenum—andthatHpyloricouldalsotriggertheonsetofthemostcommonformofstomachcancer.

JustasscientistswerelearningtheimportanceofHpylori,however,theydiscoveredthatthebacteriaarelosingtheirfootholdinthehumandigestivetract.Whereasnearlyalladultsinthedevelopingwouldstillcarrytheorganism,itsprevalenceismuchlowerindevelopedcountriessuchastheU.S.EpidemiologistsbelievethatHpylorihasbeendisappearingfromdevelopednationsforthepast100yearsthankstoimprovedhygiene,whichblocksthetransmissionofthebacteria,andtothewidespreaduseofantibiotics.AsHpylorihasretreated,theratesofpepticulcersandstomachcancerhavedropped.Butatthesametime,diseasesoftheesophagus—includingacidrefluxdiseaseandaparticularlydeadlytypeofesophagealcancer—haveincreaseddramatically,andawidebodyofevidenceindicatesthattheriseoftheseillnessesisalsorelatedtothedisappearanceofHpylori.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageisto().

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyfollowthelastsentenceofthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alterpeopletotheharmofHpyloricolonizationofthestomach

B.makepeopleawareoftheharmoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomach

C.suggestthatthebenefitsoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomacharenotoutweighedbythepotentialharm.

D.callattentiontotheconsequencesoferadicatingHpylorifromthestomach.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Improvementsinsanitationareavitalelementinhelpingwardoffpepticulcers.

B.Peopleinthedevelopingcountriesarenotlikelytocontractesophagealdiseases.

C.Nowadaysfewpeopleinthedevelopedcountriessufferfromstomachcancer.

D.ScientistshavelongrecognizedHpylori’simportantroleinthestomach,butcoulddonothingabout.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Furthermore,thedisappearanceofHpylorimaybeasentinelindicatingthepossibilityofothermicrobialextinctionsaswell.

B.Thepossibilitythatthisbacteriummayactuallyprotectpeopleagainstdiseaseoftheesophagushassignificantimplications.

C.However,therehasbeenanunexpectedriseintheincidenceofanewclassofdiseasesinvolvingtheesophagus.

D.TheriseofthesediseaseshasoccurredjustasHpylorihasbeendisappearing,anditistemptingtoassociatethetwophenomena.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.主旨題。題干：作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是為了______。文章第一段主要介紹了幽門螺旋桿菌的發(fā)現(xiàn)以及幽門螺旋桿菌與消化性潰瘍的關(guān)系。第二段介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)食道疾病的增加與幽門螺旋桿菌的小時(shí)有關(guān)。作者旨在喚起人們對(duì)這種細(xì)菌的認(rèn)識(shí)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：從文章中可以推斷出下列哪個(gè)陳述？第二段第二句中提到“Hpylorihasbeendisappearingfromdevelopednationsforthepast100yearsthankstoimprovedhygiene,whichblocksthetransmissionofthebacteria”，說(shuō)明由于衛(wèi)生條件改善，幽門螺旋桿菌已從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家消失，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意；在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，幽門螺旋桿菌的攜帶率低，導(dǎo)致發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的食道癌患病率增加，但并沒(méi)有提到發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人是否會(huì)患食道癌，因此排除B選項(xiàng)；第二段中說(shuō)到“theratesofpepticulcersandstomachcancerdropped”，下降不等于消失，因此排除C選項(xiàng)；科學(xué)家在研究幽門螺旋桿菌的重要性的同時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這種細(xì)菌逐漸喪失其在消化道中的位置，因此排除D選項(xiàng)。

3.推理題。題干：下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能跟在這篇文章的最后一句話后面？本文的主旨是喚起人們對(duì)幽門螺旋桿菌的關(guān)注。因此接下來(lái)作者可能會(huì)想要著重說(shuō)明這種細(xì)菌的作用，它可能致病，也可能有抵御疾病作用。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback，意為“追溯”，而且后面兩段提到了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵復(fù)現(xiàn)詞sleep，所以第一段開(kāi)頭填D項(xiàng)“睡眠是非常古老的”正確。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless，第三句講了dreamless，所以這里是對(duì)dreaming和dreamless分別敘述，第二句肯定是和dream相關(guān)的，故A項(xiàng)“在有夢(mèng)睡眠中，動(dòng)物被有力地固定住，對(duì)外界刺激明顯沒(méi)有反應(yīng)”正確。

43.第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到“與聰明的動(dòng)物相比，愚蠢的動(dòng)物在深度睡眠時(shí)不太會(huì)動(dòng)彈”，然后就提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?（但他們?yōu)槭裁匆蒙钅?？），并且第二段提到了一個(gè)highlyevolved，所以結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，該題選擇E項(xiàng)“為什么會(huì)進(jìn)化出這樣一種深度靜止的狀態(tài)？”正確。

44.最后一段開(kāi)頭提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle（海豚、鯨魚以及水生哺乳動(dòng)物睡眠都很少），所以后面要解釋其原因。而第二段有提到“在自然選擇中，聰明的動(dòng)物都不會(huì)讓自己進(jìn)行深度睡眠”，故選B項(xiàng)“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，海洋里沒(méi)有藏身之處”正確。

45.最后一段提到Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefact（關(guān)于睡眠的原始功能，也許可以從這一事實(shí)中找到有用的線索），所以這一段是回答第二段后面的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后作者論述了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，最后一句肯定是總結(jié)，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)有趣的觀點(diǎn)，可能至少部分是正確的”正確。

8.單選題

Masstransitsystemsrelievetrafficcongestionwhentheserviceisconvenient,（）andaffordable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comfort

B.comforting

C.comfortable

D.comforted

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞性選擇。句意：當(dāng)服務(wù)方便、舒適和負(fù)擔(dān)得起時(shí)，公共交通系統(tǒng)可以緩解交通擁堵。上下文用and連接并列的convenient和affordable都是形容詞，此處應(yīng)用形容詞形式。A，B，D都是動(dòng)詞形式。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

AlanPattonfoundthatinsuchaquick-fixedsociety,somepeopleevendon’tbothertoreadamasterpiece（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthedetail

B.inthedetails

C.indetail

D.indetails

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。C選項(xiàng)indetail“詳細(xì)地”，介詞短語(yǔ)能做狀語(yǔ)；D選項(xiàng)indetails“逐個(gè)地”，一般和動(dòng)詞搭配使用，表示一部分一部分地處理。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bothertoreadamasterpiece辛苦地去讀著作”，可知空格部分indetail符合題意，句意為：阿蘭?帕頓發(fā)現(xiàn)在這樣一個(gè)快節(jié)奏的社會(huì)，一些人甚至懶得詳細(xì)地去讀某部著作。故正確答案選C。

10.單選題

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makingout“理解；證明；填寫完”；B選項(xiàng)sortingout“整理；挑選”；C選項(xiàng)figuringout“解決；算出”；D選項(xiàng)turningout“原來(lái)是”。句意：她______她的硬幣和郵票，度過(guò)了一個(gè)快樂(lè)的下午。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，sortingout“整理；挑選”搭配coinsandstamps“硬幣和郵票”比較合適。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)hairgrip“發(fā)夾”；B選項(xiàng)hairpiece“假發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)hairline“發(fā)際線，極細(xì)的線，細(xì)縫”；D選項(xiàng)hairstyle“發(fā)型”。hairlinefracture是一醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，“骨裂”，即一種如頭發(fā)般的單處骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。disheartening“使沮喪”；disheartened“沮喪的”；enlightening“使人領(lǐng)悟的”；enlightened“被啟發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題意，空格中的形容詞用來(lái)形容news，形容物體用-ing形式的形容詞，選項(xiàng)A，D可排除。句意：希望是有幫助的。在暗淡的時(shí)光和令人沮喪的消息中，能夠保持繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。但是希望更讓人信服，當(dāng)我們有理由去相信的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

As（）Chinaandotheremergingexportpowers,effortstostrengthenanti-corruptionactivitiesaregainingmomentum.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthecaseof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inthelightof“根據(jù)，鑒于”，B項(xiàng)intheeventof“萬(wàn)一，如果”，C項(xiàng)inthecaseof“在……情況下，在……方面”，D項(xiàng)inthecourseof“在……過(guò)程中”；根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)意“就……中國(guó)和其他新興出口大國(guó)，加強(qiáng)反腐敗活動(dòng)的努力正在獲得勢(shì)頭”可知，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：就中國(guó)和其他新興出口大國(guó)方面來(lái)說(shuō)，加強(qiáng)反腐敗活動(dòng)的努力正在獲得勢(shì)頭。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyKofiAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFridayanalyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomicstrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangeswasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohumandrivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerableregions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed（有瑕疵的）”.

However,SorenAnderasen,asocialscientistatDahlbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazards,whilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheattrappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.