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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三門峽職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題
Thoughitisinmid-May,()tosomepartsofAppalachianTrailisstillverydifficultastheyarecoveredbythicksnow.
問題1選項
A.orientation
B.access
C.assess
D.voyage
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項orientation表示“n.方向;定位;情況介紹,培訓(xùn)”,B選項access表示“n.入口,機會;接近”,C選項assess表示“v.評定;估價”,D選項voyage表示“n.航行;航程”。由句意前后邏輯關(guān)系可知,盡管是五月中旬,但是阿巴拉契亞山徑的某些區(qū)域因厚雪覆蓋仍然難以進(jìn)入??杖碧幮枧c介詞to構(gòu)成搭配,因此,本題正確答案為B選項。固定搭配accessto表示“通向……的入口/通道”。
2.單選題
Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade().
問題1選項
A.onthelocation
B.onthesite
C.onthespot
D.ontheground
【答案】C
【解析】短語辨析。句意:火災(zāi)的新聞之后是一份詳細(xì)的現(xiàn)場報告。因此選C。
3.翻譯題
Thefactthatourcomputernetworkissoadvancedwillalsosoongiveustheopportunitytoshareourteachingexpertisewithlocalcompaniesandevenotheruniversities;adedicatedcenterfordistancelearningisalreadyunderdiscussion.Wewillincreasinglyuseinternet-basedcomputercourses,toenhanceourownteachingandalsotoreachstudentsoutsidetheuniversity.Thatdoesn’tmeancomputerterminalswilldisplacepeople;studentsarealwaysgoingtoneedadviceandhigh-qualitytuitiononthespot.Butitdoesmeanwecanrefineourteachingcoursesovertimeandmakethemavailableinthemanneroftextbooks.Inaddition,withintheuniversityitself,accessisgoingtoremainourkeypriority.
【答案】事實上,我們的計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)非常先進(jìn),很快我們就能夠與當(dāng)?shù)氐墓旧踔疗渌髮W(xué)分享我們的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗;人們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在開始討論遠(yuǎn)程教育中心。我們將提供越來越多的建立在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的課程,提高教學(xué)效果,教授校外的學(xué)生。這樣說并不意味著計算機終端將取代人,學(xué)生總是需要高水平的現(xiàn)場指導(dǎo)和幫助。但是,這意味著我們可以不斷改進(jìn)我們的課程,然后把它們變成教材。此外,就大學(xué)本身而言,易獲得性始終是我們的重點。
4.單選題
ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof(
),theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.
問題1選項
A.incongruity
B.disagreement
C.discrepancy
D.disharmony
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項incongruity“不協(xié)調(diào);不適宜”;B選項disagreement“不一致;爭論”;C選項discrepancy“不符;矛盾”;D選項disharmony“不一致;不融洽”。句意:本英文文件由中華人民共和國國務(wù)院法制局編譯,中國法制出版社出版。當(dāng)發(fā)生……時,以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。此處應(yīng)指正式場合出現(xiàn)歧義時,以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。C選項符合題意。
5.單選題
Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.
Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.
Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.
Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.
Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.
Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.
Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.
Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.
1.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”.
2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness______.
3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness______.
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften______.
5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.
問題1選項
A.misfortune
B.instability
C.disadvantage
D.burden
問題2選項
A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired
B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable
C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen
D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly
問題3選項
A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen
B.affectsmenandwomenalike
C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen
D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen
問題4選項
A.practical
B.prejudiced
C.old-fashioned
D.radical
問題5選項
A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive
B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive
C.demandequalrightsforwomen
D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.【選項釋義】
1.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”.
1.單詞“l(fā)iability”(第1段第5行)最有可能是“______”的意思。
A.misfortuneA.不幸
B.instabilityB.不穩(wěn)定
C.disadvantageC.缺點
D.burdenD.負(fù)擔(dān)
【考查點】詞匯推斷題
【解題思路】第一步:句中前后信息銜接,第一段“文章開頭講了許多漂亮在工作,生活中的優(yōu)點,但最后發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折:Butintheexecutive(主管的)circle,beautycanbecomealiability.“在管理圈內(nèi),漂亮有可能變?yōu)椴焕?,前面的?nèi)容是說美能夠帶來的好處,比如讓咨詢師給出更好的建議,讓法官輕判,后面單詞與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折,所以可以排除A、B選項。第二步,上下文語義銜接,下文第三段中有提到“他們的成功不是歸功于能力,而是運氣等因素(nottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.)”,就是因為美麗所以導(dǎo)致人們帶有色眼鏡看自己,這使自己無形之中形成了缺點,所以答案選C選項。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“不幸”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
B選項“不穩(wěn)定”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
D選項“負(fù)擔(dān)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。
2.【選項釋義】
2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness______.2.在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中,吸引力______。
A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredA.鞏固了帶有女性特征的品質(zhì)
B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableB.讓女人看起來更誠實、更有能力
C.isofprimaryimportancetowomenC.對婦女至關(guān)重要
D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquicklyD.常使婦女迅速成功
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第六段第二句:“有魅力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的屬于女性的工作中具有優(yōu)勢,但是一個漂亮的女人在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作中似乎缺乏所需的‘男性’素質(zhì)”;第二步,綜合理解,這里可知D選項“常使婦女迅速成功”正確。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“鞏固了帶有女性特征的品質(zhì)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;
B選項“讓女人看起來更誠實、更有能力”,定位到第五段第一句“讓女人看起來更誠實、更有能力”,所有不漂亮的女性高管都被認(rèn)為比漂亮的女性高管更正直,更有能力,所以B選項錯誤,這里屬于反向干擾;
C選項“對婦女至關(guān)重要”,文章沒有提及吸引力對女性很重要,反而暗含著漂亮對女性是個阻礙,C選項屬于無中生有。
3.【選項釋義】
3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness______.
3.鮑曼的實驗表明,當(dāng)涉及到政治時,吸引力______。
A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomenA.對男人來說是阻礙
B.affectsmenandwomenalikeB.對男人和女人都有同樣的影響
C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenC.對男人和女人的影響一樣小
D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomenD.對女性來說,更多的是一個障礙而不是一個好處
【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題思路】第一步,尋找精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到最后一段第一句“結(jié)果顯示,有魅力的男性完全擊?。╱tterlydefeated)了沒有魅力的男性,但被評為最有魅力的女性得到的選票總是最少的(thefewestvotes)”,第二步,綜合理解,從這句可知魅力對男性有積極影響,對女性有消極影響,所以答案選D選項“對女性來說,更多的是一個障礙而不是一個好處”。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“對男人來說是阻礙”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;
B選項“對男人和女人都有同樣的影響”見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;
C選項“對男人和女人的影響一樣小”見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾。
4.【選項釋義】
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften______.
4.從文章中可以推斷出,人們對美的看法通常是______。
A.practical
A.實用的
B.prejudicedB.偏見的
C.old-fashionedC.老套的
D.radicalD.激進(jìn)的
【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題
【解題思路】第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第五段第二句話“然而,有趣的是,相比于漂亮的女人,長相平平的女人一夜之間獲得成功更多地歸功于人際關(guān)系,而不是能力”和第六段第一句“為什么人們認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力(notbeable)?”第二步,概括理解,從這句可知在大眾眼里漂亮的女人更可能是個花瓶,她們的成功是靠自己的外貌,但其實事實恰恰相反,所以答案選B選項。
【干擾項排除】
A選項“實用的”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;
C選項“老套的”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;
D選項“激進(jìn)的”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾。
5.【選項釋義】
5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.
5.作者寫這篇文章是為了______。
A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveA.討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素
B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveB.給有吸引力的求職者建議
C.demandequalrightsforwomenC.要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利
D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearanceD.強調(diào)外觀的重要性
【考查點】主旨大意題
【解題思路】梳理各段核心句
第一段:最后一句“但在行政圈子里,美貌可能成為一種負(fù)擔(dān)(liability)?!?,這句是轉(zhuǎn)折句,引出下文;
第二、三、四段:只有一句話,都是講在行政圈里,魅力對男性的好處,對女性的壞處;
第五段:第一句“所有不漂亮的女性高管都被認(rèn)為比漂亮的女性高管更正直,更有能力?!保@段講有魅力的女性所受到的歧視;
第六段:第一句,“為什么人們認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力?”,這段解釋了為什么人們會認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力;
第七段:第一句,“即使在政治領(lǐng)域也是如此”,這段講述了一個關(guān)于男女性魅力的實驗;
第八段:只有一句話,講述的是實驗結(jié)果,實驗結(jié)果進(jìn)一步印證了魅力對男性的好處,對女性的壞處。
綜上所述,作者寫文章的主要目的是A選項“討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素”。
【干擾項排除】
B選項“給有吸引力的求職者建議”,文章沒有給出建議,這里屬于無中生有;
C選項“要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利”,文章沒有提到平等,這里屬于無中生有;
D選項“強調(diào)外觀的重要性”,文章第一段有提到外觀的重要,但不是文章的重點,這里屬于以偏概全。
6.單選題
Heistooyoungtobeableto________betweenrightandwrong.
問題1選項
A.discard
B.discern
C.disperse
D.disregard
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“拋棄”;B選項“辨別,察覺”;C選項“分散”;D選項“不理睬”。句意:他太年輕了不能()對與錯。對錯之間是需要判斷的,所以答案選B。
7.單選題
Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly()familiarity
withtechnology.
問題1選項
A.inquestof
B.bymeansof
C.intermsof
D.byvirtueof
【答案】C
【解析】句意:不能僅從熟悉技術(shù)的角度來解釋年輕人對立體音響的喜愛。
考查短語辨析。inquestof為了尋求…;bymeansof借助…手段;intermsof根據(jù)…;從……方面來說:byvirtueof憑借…的力量,由于。因此C項符合句意。
8.單選題
()thatitmightbeeasiertoprepareabettermapofthemoonthanoftheearth.
問題1選項
A.Tosay
B.Theysay
C.Thesaying
D.Itissaid
【答案】D
【解析】考查形式主語從句。it+be+形容詞、名詞或者過去分詞+從句,it指代的具體內(nèi)容是從句。A,C選項代入題干不能構(gòu)成一個完整的句子;B選項they的內(nèi)容指代不明,因此D選項正確。
9.單選題
Thismedicinewill()thepaininthestomach.
問題1選項
A.ascertain
B.agitate
C.alleviate
D.allocate
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項ascertain“確定,查明”,B項agitate“搖動,騷動”,C項alleviate“減輕,緩和”,D項allocate“分配”。句意:這種藥會減輕胃痛。根據(jù)句意,該題選C正確。
10.單選題
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Buttheoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarhasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.
ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChrtienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Alien,EllisonandAlbrecht).
Canthismerelybycoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.
Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.
1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?
2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?
3.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat(
).
4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Para.5)?
5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
問題1選項
A.Akindofoverlookinequality.
B.Atypeofconspicuousbias.
C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice.
D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.
問題2選項
A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.
B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.
C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.
D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.
問題3選項
A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents
B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass
C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents
D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight
問題4選項
A.Theyaregettingimpatient.
B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.
C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated.
D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.
問題5選項
A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.
B.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.
C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabtismstillhasalongwaytogo.
D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamebeginningwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.(對于那些尚未意識到這一劣勢的人來說,這是指對那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母開頭的人的歧視)可知A選項“一種被忽視的不公平”符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。文章第一段提出字母排序是一種隱藏的歧視;第二三段舉例說明字母排序的歧視,因此D選項“某種形式的歧視太微妙以至于無法識別”符合題意。
3.推理判斷題。文章第四段介紹了從入學(xué)開始,老師們就按姓氏首字母排序安排學(xué)生的座位,很少關(guān)注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而經(jīng)常被安排在教室的后面,也很少向他們提問,因此C選項“老師們應(yīng)該關(guān)注所有的學(xué)生”符合題意。
4.詞義題。由文章最后一段中的Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.(羞辱還在繼續(xù)。在大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上,ABC們自豪地獲得了他們的獎項;等輪到Zysman們的時候,大多數(shù)人實際上已經(jīng)ZZZ了)可在推測等輪到Zysman們領(lǐng)獎時,其他人由于等的時間太長,差不多都會睡著了。ZZZ表示“(擬聲)打鼾聲”,dozingoff表示“打瞌睡”,因此選B。
5.推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了字母排序所帶來的歧視,這種歧視是隱蔽的,是無意中導(dǎo)致的,因此D選項“按字母順序排列可能會導(dǎo)致無意的偏見”符合題意。
11.翻譯題
中國有關(guān)管理部門規(guī)定,現(xiàn)役運動員在備戰(zhàn)北京奧運會期間,不得參加任何形式的社會活動。
“生活質(zhì)量”這個詞不好下定義。它包含很廣的范圍,例如生活環(huán)境、健康、就業(yè)、食品、家庭生活、教育、物質(zhì)財富、休閑和娛樂,等等。
亞運會,是一個在來自亞洲各地的運動員中舉辦的多項目體育賽事,每4年一屆。該運動會受亞洲奧林匹克理事會(OCA)根據(jù)國際奧委會(IOC)的監(jiān)督。
父母、老師、工作同伴和大眾媒體的傳播者都能激發(fā)我們潛在的興趣。例如,學(xué)校對于做游戲、參加體育活動和文化追求的鼓勵的程度和方式很可能對學(xué)生休閑態(tài)度的形成產(chǎn)生影響。
一場球賽由兩個各出五人的球隊組成,籃球運動既可在室內(nèi)也可在室外的長方形場地上進(jìn)行。運動員可以通過運球在場地上移動,或者是邊跑邊傳球,把球投進(jìn)橘黃色的籃筐得分。
【答案】Chineseauthoritieshasbanneditsactiveathletesfromtakingpartinanyformofsocialactivitiesintherun-uptoBeijingOlympics.
Theterm“qualityoflife”ishardtodefine.Itcoversaverywiderangesuchaslivingenvironment,health,employment,food,familylife,education,materialwealth,leisureandentertainment,andsoon.
TheAsianGamesisamulti-sporteventwhichholdseveryfouryearsamongathletesfromalloverAsia.ThegamesaresupervisedbytheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA)undertheregulationoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC).
Parents,teachersinschools,fellowworkersandmassmediacommunicatorsareallcapableofstimulatingourpotentialinterests.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytohaveanimpactontheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.
Abasketballgame,whichcanbeholdinanoblongfieldeitherindoororoutdoor,usuallyconsistsoftwoteamsof5playersineach.Whenrunninginthefield,playerscancarryorpasstheball.Whentheballisthrewintotheorangebasket,playerscangetpoints.
12.單選題
WhentheopposingplayerfouledJohn,Johnlethisanger(
)hisgoodsenseandhittheboyback.
問題1選項
A.gotthefeelof
B.gotthehangof
C.gotthebetterof
D.gottheworstof
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。getthefeelof“開始熟諳;習(xí)慣于”;getthehangof“得知……的竅門”;getthebetterof“打?。粦?zhàn)勝”;gettheworstof“失利;遭到失敗”。句意:當(dāng)對方球員對約翰犯規(guī)時,約翰讓自己的憤怒戰(zhàn)勝了自己的理智,他回?fù)袅四莻€男孩。選項C符合題意。
13.單選題
Inspiteofthe(),itseemedthatmanyoftheinvitedguestswouldstillshowup.
問題1選項
A.deviation
B.distinction
C.controversy
D.comparison
【答案】C
【解析】句意:盡管有爭議,但看來很多被邀請的客人還是會出席的。
考查名詞辨析。deviation背離;distinction區(qū)別,優(yōu)秀,榮譽,優(yōu)待;controversy爭論,辯論,論戰(zhàn);comparison比較,比喻。inspiteof表示“盡管”,因此前后句子為讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。因此C項“爭議”符合句意。
14.寫作題
Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionwithnolessthan50words.RemembertowriteyouranswerclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(5%)
WhoisConfucius(孔子)?
【答案】略
15.單選題
Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項
A.Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.
B.Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.
C.Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.
D.Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.
問題2選項
A.Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.
B.Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.
C.Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.
D.Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.15.
問題3選項
A.Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.
B.Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.
C.Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.
D.Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:D
【解析】PassageTwo
MostAmericansdon’teatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains.[13]Researchernowsaysaddingfibertotheteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.
Conversationsaboutthebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalongcomesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing,adietspecialistatTexasChildren’sHospital,findsithardtogetteenagepatients’attentionabouthealthyeating.Buttellingthemthateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage.That’sapowerfulmessage.
Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.Theyweresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschool,[14]andtheireatinghabitsweretrackedfortwodecades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehadalowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.Thisimportantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,theloweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlaterlife.
[15]Thefindingpointstolongstandingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplainthereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelofhormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High-fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.That’swhywomenaretoldtoeat25gramsoffiberaday—menevenmore.
13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet?
【試題答案】D
【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于在青少年飲食中添加纖維,這項新研究告訴了我們什么?錄音開頭提及,研究人員表示在青少年的膳食中添加纖維食物可能有助于降低患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險。D選項“它能幫助人們避免患上乳腺癌”是對錄音原文的轉(zhuǎn)述,因此正確。A選項“它使糖尿病患者早日康復(fù)”利用diabetes設(shè)置干擾,錄音中并沒有提及相關(guān)的信息;B選項“它的健康效益被高估了”和C選項“其長期的影響尚待證明”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此排除。
14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women?
【試題答案】A
【試題解析】題目問我們從對44000名女性的調(diào)查中了解到什么?錄音中提到這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)是基于一項對44,000位女性進(jìn)行的調(diào)查。這些女性在中學(xué)時期就接受了該調(diào)查,而且她們的飲食習(xí)慣被持續(xù)追蹤了20年。因此,A選項“它從青少年時期就開始追蹤她們的飲食習(xí)慣”正確。B選項“它著重研究她們在纖維攝入量方面與男性的差別”,錄音中并沒有將男性與女性進(jìn)行對比,因此不正確;C項“跟蹤她們20年來對食品偏好的變化”,錄音只是提及追蹤她們的飲食習(xí)慣,并不是飲食偏好的變化,因此不正確;D選項“它專注于研究她們年輕時的生活方式”在錄音中沒有信息提及,因此可排除。
15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding?
【試題答案】D
【試題解析】題目問說話者對這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了什么解釋?錄音提到,這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)指向長期存在的證據(jù),即纖維食物可能會降低女性體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙循環(huán)水平,這就可以解釋為什么高纖維膳食能讓患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險降低。D選項“纖維可能會幫助降低人體的荷爾蒙水平”與原文內(nèi)容表述一致,因此正確。A選項“纖維給女性帶來的好處比男性要多”;B選項“纖維可改善心肌功能”和C選項“纖維可以使血液循環(huán)更加順暢”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。
16.單選題
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.
Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback—aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.
Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent—andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance—havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.
Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.
1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat(
).
2.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave(
).
3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill(
).
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat(
).
5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?
問題1選項
A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared
B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased
C.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics
D.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance
問題2選項
A.ahighersenseofsecurity
B.lesssecuredpayments
C.lesschancetoinvest
D.aguaranteedfuture
問題3選項
A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare
B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass
C.compensateforthereducedpensions
D.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk
問題4選項
A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks
B.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges
C.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems
D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus
問題5選項
A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert
B.TheMiddleClassontheCliff
C.TheMiddleClassinConflict
D.TheMiddleClassinRuins
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.現(xiàn)在,一份解雇通知書、一個糟糕的診斷,或者配偶的消失,都可能在幾個月內(nèi)把一個穩(wěn)定的中產(chǎn)階級家庭變成一個新的貧困家庭。”由此可知C選項“他們更容易受家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)情況變化的影響”正確。
2.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.在過去一年的大部分時間里,布什總統(tǒng)致力于將社會保障轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閮π钯~戶模式,即退休人員將他們的大部分或所有有保障的收入用于根據(jù)投資回報進(jìn)行交易。”由此可知B選項“不安全的薪酬”正確。
3.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen―andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.醫(yī)療保健的絕對成本和家庭承擔(dān)的份額都上升了,而且新流行的醫(yī)療儲蓄計劃正從立法機構(gòu)蔓延到沃爾瑪員工,免賠額大大提高,家庭未來醫(yī)療保健的投資風(fēng)險也增加了。”由此可知D選項“增加家庭的投資風(fēng)險”正確。
4.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.金融方面的影響已經(jīng)開始,政治方面的影響可能也不遠(yuǎn)了?!庇纱丝芍狢選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)問題可能會帶來政治問題”正確。
5.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章講述美國中產(chǎn)階級家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險和新的現(xiàn)實所改變,面臨著一系列危機,由此可判斷B項“中產(chǎn)階級在懸崖上”符合題意。
17.單選題
Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.
DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce—proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.
Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.
Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoonaccountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.
Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityofpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffective,thatinternalrestrainssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.
Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaims:“Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone.
Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.
Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance
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