考研考博-英語(yǔ)-公安消防部隊(duì)高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-公安消防部隊(duì)高等專科學(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越”；B選項(xiàng)resolution“分辨率，決心”；C選項(xiàng)summit“頂點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)procedure“程序，步驟”。句意：到目前為止，他已經(jīng)達(dá)到了他抱負(fù)的頂峰。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,whileothers（）atartorvolleyball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.work

B.excel

C.aim

D.gaze

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)workat“從事于，致力于”；B選項(xiàng)excelat“突出，擅長(zhǎng)于”；C選項(xiàng)aimat“目的在于”；D選項(xiàng)gazeat“盯住，凝視”。根據(jù)句意可知，填空處填入的詞應(yīng)和at搭配，并且和goodat意思相近。句意“為什么有些人擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)，而有些人擅長(zhǎng)藝術(shù)或排球?”選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%"ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytobebusiness.

1.Thewritermentionstheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalstosuggestthat（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat（）.

3.Dr.Worm’scommentof“thesefiguresareconservative”（Line1,Paragraph3）means（）.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersmaintainthat（）.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

B.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly\20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsago

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

B.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

C.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

D.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation.

B.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan'tworkforalongertime

C.fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

D.theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.technologicalapplication

B.managementefficiency

C.catch-sizelimits

D.biomasslevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第一段。文章通過(guò)講述史前人類到達(dá)新地方時(shí)，大型動(dòng)物會(huì)突然滅絕，進(jìn)而引出討論的話題，即海洋生物也會(huì)在人類來(lái)臨之后面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“…thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.”可知，一個(gè)新的漁場(chǎng)在被開(kāi)發(fā)后的15年中大型捕食類魚(yú)種的生物量平均減少了80%。在有些長(zhǎng)期捕撈的地區(qū)，自那以后，這個(gè)數(shù)量又減少了一半（剩余20%的一半），因此一共下降了90%；故B選項(xiàng)表述正確，其余選項(xiàng)均不能由他們的論文得出。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第三段。沃姆博士承認(rèn)論文中的數(shù)據(jù)是保守的，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在捕魚(yú)的技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高，已經(jīng)用上了衛(wèi)星和聲納定位，這些設(shè)備50年前是無(wú)法使用的。這就意味著現(xiàn)在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕撈了。以前一些抓不住的海洋生物現(xiàn)在都可以抓住了，以前被鯊魚(yú)搶走的，現(xiàn)在由于鯊魚(yú)都不見(jiàn)了，自然被捕撈的就更多了。由此可知，之前的那些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段可知，兩位博士認(rèn)為，他們的工作給出了正確的基準(zhǔn)線，因?yàn)槿藗冎詻](méi)有察覺(jué)到海洋中發(fā)生的巨大變化是因?yàn)樗麄冎换仡櫫诉^(guò)去相對(duì)較短的一段時(shí)間，所以在未來(lái)的管理工作中要明確“移動(dòng)基準(zhǔn)線”的意義。因此，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)“人們要根據(jù)變化情況調(diào)整基準(zhǔn)線”。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知，當(dāng)目標(biāo)魚(yú)種的生物量約為其原始水平的50%時(shí)，漁場(chǎng)就可以收獲最大的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量。而大多數(shù)漁場(chǎng)都遠(yuǎn)低于這一水平，這是一種糟糕的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式。由此可知，作者最關(guān)心的是漁場(chǎng)的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量，也就是關(guān)心biomasslevel（生態(tài)量）。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted-andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon'thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909,thatyear,Lincoln'slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfiilnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenLong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI'mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-fellyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as“nonjudgmental.”“Unmoralistic.”“Comfortablewithambiguity”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall’

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,

Compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

HishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We'vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincolntheemancipatorandtheracistthestoicphilosopher,theChristian.Theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What'softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializesfromacenturyago—andthroughthem.Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahintofwheretofindhim.

TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe'veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

1.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyear's?

3.Intheauthor'sopinionthecounter-conference（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.conformstotraditionalimages.

B.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship.

C.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln.

D.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

B.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段,接下來(lái)一段將今年的慶祝活動(dòng)與1909年100年紀(jì)念的時(shí)候相比較”。也就是200周年的紀(jì)念一點(diǎn)都比不上1909年的。A和B項(xiàng)都含在了D項(xiàng)中，C項(xiàng)不客觀。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。今年和1909年紀(jì)念活動(dòng)的區(qū)別深層次的原因，出現(xiàn)在第四、第五段中：第4段第一句：thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday;第5段第一句：ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore.可以看出現(xiàn)今的人所缺少的inspirations和somethingmore即A選項(xiàng)中提到的“對(duì)偉人和他們的影響的尊敬”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第8段:令作者更加失望的是隨后針對(duì)該批判會(huì)展開(kāi)的學(xué)者會(huì)議。這一會(huì)議把林肯描述成了“不急于下判斷、不道德、模棱兩可”。

4.推斷題。倒數(shù)第二段中指出:writershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage(各路作家們呈現(xiàn)出了以他們的想法創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的林肯),因此D項(xiàng)(林肯在人們心目中各不相同)正確。

5.推斷題。在倒數(shù)第二段中列出了林肯在世人的各種形象后，作者說(shuō)缺少一個(gè)timelessLincoln（永恒的林肯）,因此推測(cè)A項(xiàng)Lincoln'sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime(林肯的偉大不隨著時(shí)間的消逝而消失)比較符合作者暗含的意思。

5.單選題

I_______myexcitementabouttheupcomingholiday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crush

B.subdue

C.conquer

D.tranquilize

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。crush“壓碎，鎮(zhèn)壓”；subdue“壓制，征服”；conquer“征服”；tranquilize“使鎮(zhèn)靜，使安靜”。句意：我壓制住我對(duì)即將到來(lái)的假期的興奮。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thisisanidealsiteforauniversity

itisfarfromthedowntownarea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providedthat

B.nowthat

C.inthat

D.sothat

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。providedthat“如果；條件是”；nowthat“既然，由于”；inthat“因?yàn)?，由于”；sothat“以便，所以”。句意：這里是建大學(xué)的理想場(chǎng)所，因?yàn)樗x市中心很遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

TourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystemsliketheAlps,thewinterskiingplaygroundofEurope,andthetrekkingareasoftheHimalayas.Worldwide,itposesaseriousthreattocoastalhabitatslikedunes,mangroveforestsandcoralreefs.Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife,fromtortoiseshellandcoraltoivory.Its“consumers”inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.IntheHimalayas,showersfortrekkersoftenmeanfirewood,whichmeansdeforestation.InHawaiiandBarbados,itwasfoundthateachtouristusedbetweensixandtentimesasmuchwaterandelectricityasalocal.InGoa,villagersforcedtowalktowellsfortheirwaterhadtowatchasapipelinetoanewluxuryhotelwasbuiltthroughtheirland.Overthepastdecade,golf,becauseofitsappetiteforland,waterandherbicides,hasemergedasoneofthebiggestculprits,somuchsothat“golfwars”havebrokenoutinpartsofSoutheastAsia:campaignersinJapan,oneofthechiefexponentsofgolftourism,havelaunchedanannualWorldNoGolfDay.

Someobserversnowarguethattourismcanstrengthenlocalculturesbyencouraginganawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.Butwhat’sthevalueoftraditionifit’skeptaliveself-consciously,forprofit,andbearslittlerelationtoreallife—which,today,acrosstheworld,growsevermoreuniform?Hencethedismissivereferencesto“humanzoos,”“airportart”andthetrinketizationofcultures.ThesearequestionsthatapplyasmuchtofoxhuntinginBritainandCarnivalinRiodeJaneiroastoso-calledcannibaltoursinThailand.What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.

Partoftheproblemisthattourismiscolonialisminanotherguise—economicratherthanpolitical.Henceitrubshardagainstthegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.Buttherearealsosomeprofoundandoftenirreconcilabledifferencesinperception.

Whatmakespeoplewanttotravel?Theshortanswercentersontheconceptofescape.AccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause“theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive.Theyfeelthemonotonyofthedailyroutine,thecoldrationalityoffactories,offices,apartmentblocksandtransport,shrinkinghumancontact...thelossofnatureandnaturalness.”MacCannellarguesthatmasstourismisaproductofthe“mostdepersonalized”epochinhistory.Well,maybe.It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.It’sprobablyalsotruethatwhatwecasuallyrefertoasthe“pressuresofdailylife”―work,family,commuting—aremoreintense,insomerespects,thaneverbefore.Yetpeoplehavealwaysfeltadesireforsomethingmorethantheirliferoutinelyofferthem—something,well,different.It’spartlybecausehumansarenaturallyinquisitiveandexploratorybutalso,andmoresignificant,becauseweneedtheunknown,whathistoriansofreligioncall“otherness,”tolendourlivessignificance.Soweconceiveofidealworlds—Paradise,theGoldenAge,Heaven,Atlantis,andShangri-La—anddream,sometimes,ofattainingthem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,（）

3.Peopletravelbecause（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems

B.tourismposesaseriousthreattopeople’smentalsystem

C.tourismblocksaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife

D.tourisminevitablybringsitshabitsandexpectationstoits“consumers”

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tourismcanstrengthenlocalcultures.

B.tourismcanencourageanawarenessoftraditionandtheceremoniesandfestivalsthatgowithit.

C.tourisminonewayoranother,changestradition,particularlyintheThirdWorld.

D.tourismcanpromotethegrowingworldwidemovementforlocalornationalself-determination.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

B.theydonotfeelhappyforwhattheyalreadyhave

C.theyfeelsickofthepeopleinthecommunity

D.theywanttoescapefromtheplacewheretheyliveandworkduetounhappiness

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

B.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavefewerholidaysthanthosewholiveinbigcities.

C.Peoplelivinginbigcitieshavemuchmorepressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinsmalltowns.

D.Peoplelivinginsmalltownshavelesspressureofdailylifethanthosewholiveinbigcities.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Tourismhasseriouslydamagedfragileecosystems...”，中文翻譯為：旅游業(yè)已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?？芍狝選項(xiàng)正確；文章中沒(méi)有涉及B選項(xiàng)；由C選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)阻礙了瀕危野生動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品的繁榮和非法貿(mào)易”可以定位到文章中“Itfuelsaboomingandusuallyillegaltradeintheproductsofthreatenedwildlife...”，中文翻譯為旅游業(yè)助長(zhǎng)了貿(mào)易蓬勃發(fā)展，而通常是非法的貿(mào)易，可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，與文章意思相反；根據(jù)原文“Its‘consumers’inevitablybringtheirhabitsandexpectationswiththem—whetherit’shotshowersandflushtoiletsorwell-wateredgreensforgolfers.”，中文翻譯為：“消費(fèi)者”不可避免地帶來(lái)他們的習(xí)慣和期望——無(wú)論是熱水淋浴和沖洗廁所或?yàn)楦郀柗蚯蚴痔峁补嗟木G地?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“旅游不可避免地給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)其習(xí)慣和期望”是錯(cuò)誤的。因此答案為A。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章“What’sundeniableisthattourism,inonewayoranother,changestradition,andformanypeople,particularlyintheThirdWorld,thatchangelooksandfeelslikedegradation.”，中文翻譯為：不可否認(rèn)的是，旅游業(yè)以這樣或那樣的方式改變傳統(tǒng)，而且對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，尤其是在第三世界，這種改變看起來(lái)、感覺(jué)是退化。因此C選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)以這樣或那樣的方式改變傳統(tǒng)，尤其是在第三世界”符合題意。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題?？梢远ㄎ坏轿恼碌谒亩沃小癆ccordingtoJostKrippendorf,theSwissacademicwhoisoneoftheleadingauthoritiesonmoderntourism,peopletravelbecause‘theynolongerfeelhappywheretheyare—wheretheywork,wheretheylive…’”，中文翻譯為：現(xiàn)代旅游的主要權(quán)威者之一的瑞士學(xué)者JostKrippendorf稱，人們旅行，因?yàn)椤八麄儾辉俑械礁吲d——他們工作的地方，他們住的地方……”。可知D選項(xiàng)“由于不滿，他們想逃離他們的生活和工作的地方”是正確的。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段中“It’struethatpeoplewithgardens,orthosewholiveinsmalltowns,takefewerholidaysthanapartment-blockresidentsorcitydwellers.”，中文翻譯為：的確，住在帶花園的地方或那些生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人們，比公寓的居民和城市居民更少去度假?？梢酝茰y(cè)出B選項(xiàng)“生活在小城鎮(zhèn)的人比那些生活在大城市的人有更少的假期”正確。

8.單選題

Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.

Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.

1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat（

）.

2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wehaverelativehumidity

B.theairissaturated

C.thethermometerisinefficient

D.thetemperatureisabouttorise

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dewwillform

B.itwillrain

C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%

D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.（相對(duì)濕度是給定體積空氣中實(shí)際存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量與飽和時(shí)存在的水蒸氣質(zhì)量之比）和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.（當(dāng)相對(duì)濕度較低時(shí)，濕球溫度計(jì)的蒸發(fā)率將很高，因此在這一天，濕球溫度計(jì)的讀數(shù)將大大低于干球溫度計(jì)）可推測(cè)當(dāng)干濕球溫度中的度數(shù)相近時(shí)，則說(shuō)明相對(duì)濕度高，故相對(duì)濕度越高說(shuō)明空氣中實(shí)際水蒸氣含量越接近飽和，因此選B。

2.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.（如果空氣溫度下降到足夠的程度，就會(huì)達(dá)到飽和，多余的水分就會(huì)沉淀出來(lái)。露點(diǎn)是指空氣必須冷卻到的溫度，以達(dá)到飽和，然后才會(huì)形成冷凝）可推測(cè)當(dāng)空氣中的溫度上升到高于露點(diǎn)溫度時(shí)，空氣中水汽將不會(huì)達(dá)到飽和，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生蒸發(fā)，因此選D。

9.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（

）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“（變動(dòng)或浮動(dòng)的）范圍”；B選項(xiàng)level“水平，水準(zhǔn)”；C選項(xiàng)extent“程度”；D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)量，品質(zhì)”。根據(jù)damage可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯，表示“損失程度”。句意：報(bào)紙沒(méi)有提到火災(zāi)造成的損失程度。

10.單選題

Sometimes,themessagesareconveyedthroughdeliberate,consciousgestures;othertimes,ourbodiestalkwithoutourevenknowing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definite

B.intentional

C.delicate

D.interactive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。deliberate“故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的”；A選項(xiàng)definite“一定的；確切的”；B選項(xiàng)intentional“故意的；蓄意的；策劃的”；C選項(xiàng)delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D選項(xiàng)interactive“交互式的；相互作用的”。句意：有時(shí)，信息是通過(guò)故意的、有意識(shí)的手勢(shì)來(lái)傳達(dá)的；其他時(shí)候，我們的身體在不知不覺(jué)中說(shuō)話。根據(jù)句中“withoutourevenknowing在我們甚至不知曉的情況下”可知deliberate在這里的意思應(yīng)為“故意的”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Hedecidedtotake______golftoprovidehimselfwithsomerelaxation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.over

C.up

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……之上B.over關(guān)于，在……上方

C.up向上D.with和……在一起

【考查點(diǎn)】介詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“他決定______高爾夫球來(lái)放松一下”可知，空格處表示“打”，分析句子可知，空格處是填入一個(gè)介詞與take搭配，而takeup表示“開(kāi)始從事”，在這里可以表示“開(kāi)始打高爾夫”，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)takeon表示“承擔(dān)，呈現(xiàn)”；

B項(xiàng)takeover表示“接管，接收”；

D項(xiàng)takewith表示“將……戴上”；

都不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】他決定開(kāi)始打高爾夫球來(lái)放松一下。

12.單選題

Aswemoveintothe21stcenturytheconceptofreadingwasrecognizedbymostasinvolvingamuchmorecomplexsetofskillsthanhadbeenunderstoodinthepast.Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.

ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.

Readingandtheteachingofreadinghavebecomemorecomplexandreachoutacrossawiderandwideraudience,sothatwenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy.Weacceptthatwewilllearnnewskillsinnewcontexts.ItisaK-adultcurriculumnow.

However,itisanagewhenpoliticsandpoliticianshavetakencontroloftheliteracyagenda.Thisisnotsurprising,asthosewhodon'thavehighlevelsofliteracyaremorelikelytoendup’onsomesortofsocialsupportandthusareviewedasa“burden”tosociety.So,inordertosavemoneyinthelong-term,”itseemspoliticianshaveagreedthatliteracybeginsintheearlyyears.Andtheyarefinallypreparedtosupportthisconcept.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acriticalreadershouldbeableto（

）.

2.Fromthecontextofthepassagewecaninferthepossiblemeaningof“K-adultcurriculum(Paragraph3)”as

（

）.

3.Inthediagramwecaninferthatthefeaturesoftextanalystpracticesmainlyinvolves（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appreciateandinterpretthereadingsholisticallyinvariousdimensionsandapproaches

B.evaluatethepassagewithculturalbackgroundandcontext

C.readandapprehendtheinformationofthepassageswithvariousandcomprehensivetechniquesofreading

D.deductthethemeofpassagewithneutralandcriticalview

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acurriculumofreadingcoursewithcomprehensiveskillsforadultlearners

B.acourseplanwithcombinationskillsofbothcultureandcontextinterpretationinreading

C.alifelongreadingteachingschedulefromchildhood(Kindergarten)toadulthood

D.areadingcourseplanwithvariousknowledgeforadultreader

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.clearseparationfromcodebreakerpracticesbutcloserelationwithtextuserpractices

B.thegraphophonic,semanticandsyntacticcuesandrelatedtothetextuserpracticesandotherreadingpracticesatfoundationportions

C.thestudyofsemanticandsyntacticcharactersbutlessofgraphicandphoneticelementsaboutthepassages

D.mainlysyntacticcueswhichseemsnottoberelatedtocodebreakerpractices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段：“Today'sculturerequiresreaderstobeablenotonlytoreadforpleasureandinformationbuttoaskquestionsofthetext,torecognizehowthewritertriestopositionthereader,andtobecomewhatiscalleda“critical”reader.今天的文化要求讀者不僅能夠閱讀快樂(lè)和信息，而且能夠?qū)ξ谋咎岢鰡?wèn)題，認(rèn)識(shí)到作者試圖給讀者定位的方式，并成為所謂的“批判性”讀者?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用多種多樣的綜合閱讀技巧，閱讀和理解文章中的信息”正確，A項(xiàng)“從不同的角度和方法全面理解閱讀材料”；B項(xiàng)“用文化背景和語(yǔ)境來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)文章；C項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用多種多樣的綜合閱讀技巧，閱讀和理解文章中的信息”；D項(xiàng)“以中立和批判的觀點(diǎn)演繹文章的主題”。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第三段:wenowacceptthatwearelifelonglearnersofreading—or,tobemoreprecise,ofliteracy…我們現(xiàn)在承認(rèn)，我們是閱讀的終生學(xué)習(xí)者，或者更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，是讀寫能力的終生學(xué)習(xí)者?？芍狢項(xiàng)“從兒童(幼兒園)到成人的終身閱讀教學(xué)計(jì)劃”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“ThesimpleVenndiagramthathadbeenusedtodepictthelanguagecueingsystemsintheageofmakingmeaning(Figurebelow)hasevolvedtoamorecomplexdiagramthatincludestheimpactofcultureandcontextonareaderaswellastherolesthatthereadermusttakeoninordertobeeffective.