考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ifastarseemstobemovinginawavyline,（）ofbeingadoublestar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wesuspect

B.thatwesuspect

C.wesuspectit

D.thesuspicion

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。分析題干可知，空格前面是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，空格這句為主句，因此排除B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)。suspect懷疑，猜想（懷疑某事是否存在/某人有錯(cuò)/某事物的真實(shí)性或可靠程度，但對(duì)所疑心的事情往往又缺乏或沒有證據(jù)；其后除用名詞、代詞外，還用不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、從句，有時(shí)可用of短語作復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)），因此C項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果一顆恒星似乎在波浪線中移動(dòng)，我們懷疑它是一顆雙星。

2.單選題

Thepresidentialcandidate（）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enforced

B.enriched

C.intensified

D.consolidated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)制”，B項(xiàng)enrich“使充實(shí)，使肥沃”，C項(xiàng)intensify“增加，強(qiáng)化”，D項(xiàng)consolidate“鞏固，加強(qiáng)”。根據(jù)后面的hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections（通過贏得幾次初選而獲得職位）可知，空格部分表示“鞏固”。句意：這位總統(tǒng)候選人通過贏得幾次初選鞏固了自己的地位。故該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.

It’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.

ItdoesthisyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Thereseemtobetwoseasonshere.Duringtherainyseason,sometimesthestormsdrenchtheareanonstopfordays.Sometimesthestormscomeandgo.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.It’shardtopredicttheintensityofthepatternsfromyeartoyear.Thenthereisthefireseason.Thattakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge,againdisruptinglives.Thedaysconnectingtheseseasonsaremonotonous,withsomesun,somesmogandsomemoresun.ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado.

【答案】又下雨了。我醒著躺在床上，聽著那些犀利的的雨點(diǎn)掉落在人行道上的聲音。我的思緒陷入了黑暗的走廊，充滿了痛苦的回憶，內(nèi)心的寒意讓我充滿恐懼。又在下雨了

加利福尼亞南部，今年也如此。當(dāng)我對(duì)雨無情地下個(gè)不停感到驚奇時(shí)，至少，去年他們是這樣告訴我的。這里似乎只有兩個(gè)季節(jié)。在雨季，有時(shí)暴風(fēng)雨連續(xù)幾天不停地浸透這個(gè)地區(qū)。有時(shí)暴風(fēng)雨來去不定。往往造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和生活混亂，每年都很難預(yù)測(cè)這種模式的強(qiáng)度。然后是火災(zāi)季節(jié)，從洪水中幸存下來的財(cái)物就落到它手里了，再一次擾亂人們的生活。連著這些季節(jié)的日子是單調(diào)的，僅有一些太陽，一些霧和一些更多的太陽。這和回科羅拉多的家完全不同。

4.單選題

ThejokesBilltoldinanefforttocheerusupdidn'tquite（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeoff

B.takeoff

C.gooff

D.getthrough

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeoff成功,奏效;takeoff脫下,離開;gooff變質(zhì);getthrough通過。句意：比爾為了使我們高興而講的笑話沒有完全奏效。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthattruefriendshipislikehealth,（）isseldomknowntillitislost.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thevalueofwhich

B.itsvalue

C.thevalueofit

D.it'svalue

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。thevalueofwhich在句中充當(dāng)主語,

選項(xiàng)A正確。其他選項(xiàng)都有自己的主語,

但缺少連詞,

所以不選。

6.翻譯題

Muchofthediscussionofenvironmentalproblemsinthepopularpressleavesthereaderwiththeimpressionthatmattershavebeengrowingsteadilyworse,andthatpollutionislargelyaproductoftheprofitsystemandmodernindustrialization.Thereareenvironmentalproblemstodaythatarebothenormousandpressing,butinfactpollutionisnothingnew.Medievalcitieswerepestholes—thestreetsandriverswerelitteredwithgarbageandtheairstankofrottingwastes.Atthebeginningoftheeighteenthcentury,aGermantravelerreportedthattogetaviewofLondonfromthetowerofSt.Paul’sCathedral,onehadtogetthereveryearlyinthemorningbeforetheairwasfullofcoalsmoke.Thepotentialdamagethatweareinflictingonourselvesandonoursurroundingsisveryrealandsubstantial.

【答案】大眾報(bào)紙上關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的許多討論給讀者留下這樣的印象：情況一直在不斷惡化，污染很大程度上是利潤(rùn)制度和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化的產(chǎn)物。今天的環(huán)境問題是巨大的和緊迫的，但事實(shí)上污染不是什么新鮮事。中世紀(jì)的城市就像瘟疫區(qū)——街道和河流上到處都是垃圾，空氣中彌漫著腐爛廢物的臭味。18世紀(jì)初，一位德國(guó)旅行者報(bào)告說，要想從圣保羅大教堂的塔上一覽倫敦的風(fēng)光，必須一大早趕到那里，趕在空氣中彌漫著煤煙之前。我們對(duì)自己和周圍環(huán)境造成的潛在傷害是非常真實(shí)和實(shí)質(zhì)性的。

7.案例題

Thisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllookin2056,fromgas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld'sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.

Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesityisaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.

Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightatlastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.

Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexhaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewillhavekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-ourdependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.

Willwereally,astoday'sscientist'sclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothattheaveragepersonlivesto150?

Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays:“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuumcleanersthatweremade50yearago.”

Livinglonger

AnthonyAttala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,believesfailingorganswillberepairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.Asystemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune”cells.

BruceLehn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilitytoproduce”unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchaskidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient'simmune-logicalprofileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.

Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,andallowingthemtodevelopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal'sown.ButProf.Lehnbelievesthatfarmedbrainswouldbe“offlimits”.Hesays:“Veryfewpeoplewouldwanttohavetheirbrainsreplacedbysomeoneelse'sandweprobablydon'twanttoputahumanbrainingananimalbody.”

RichardMiller,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan,thinksscientistcoulddevelop”authenticanti-ageingdrugs”byworkingouthowcellsinlargeranimalssuchaswhalesandhumanresistmanyformsofinjuries.Hesays:”It'sisnowroutine,inlaboratorymammals,toextendlifespanbyabout40%.Turningonthesameprotectivesystemsinpeopleshould,by2056,createthefirstclassof100-year-oldswhoareasvigorousandproductiveastoday'speopleintheir60s”

Aliens

ConlinPillinger,professorofplanetarysciencesattheOpenUniversity,says:”IfancythatatleastwewillbeabletoshowthatlifedidstarttoevolveonMarswellasEarth.”Within50yearshehopesscientistswillprovethatalienlifecamehereinMartianmeteorites（隕石）.

ChrisMcKay,aplanetaryscientistatNASA'sAmesResearchCenter.Believesthatin50yearswemayfindevidenceofalienlifeinancientpermanentfortsofMarsoronotherplaners.

Headds:”ThereisevenachancewewillfindalienlifeformshereonEarth.ItmightbeasdifferentasEnglishistoChinese.

PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksit“l(fā)ikely”thatlifeformouterspacewillbediscovereddeform2056becausethetoolsforfindingit,suchasopticalandradiodetectionanddataprocessing,areimproving.

Hesays:”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesislikelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.

Coloniesinspace

RichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,whichwouldbea“l(fā)ifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth.

“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniesoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespaceprogrammedrunsout.”

Spinalinjuries

EllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinjuriescausingparalysissuchastheonethatafflictedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.

Shesays:''Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprescribedrugsthatcausesevered（斷裂的）spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregroup.''

‘‘Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuchthesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobile:byreplacingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-certifiednewpart.”Shepredictsthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegroundandlimbswillstarttoberegroundafewyearslater.Repairstothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,intime,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,''Prof.HeberKatzadds.

Obesity

SydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002NobelPrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolutionwillfavorsmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrainpower.”O(jiān)besity，”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”

Robots

RodneyBrooks,professorofroboticatMitosestheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenupimmensely”

Energy

BillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifornia,says:"Themostsignificantbreakthroughwouldbetohaveaninexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”

Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmakehazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarning.

Society

GeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says^"TheUSwillfollowtheUKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite（前提）forordinaryhumandecency.

“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”

Healsopredictsthat“absurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeunfashionablewhiletheimportanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.

Thisthreechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusallbrighter,wiser,happierandkinder”.

1.WhatisJohnLingam'sreportabout?

A.Asolutiontotheglobalenergycrisis.

B.Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.

C.Thelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscience.

D.Scientists'visionoftheworldinhalfcentury.

2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture（）.

A.Mayinvitetrouble

B.Maynotcometrue

C.Willfoolthepublic

D.Domoreharmthangood

3.ProfessorBruceLehnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat（）.

A.Humanswon'thavetodonateorgansfortransplantation

B.Morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantation

C.Animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodies

D.Organtransplantationwon'tbeasscaryasitistoday

4.AccordingtoProfessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMishear,propelwill（）.

A.Lifeforaslongastheywish

B.Berelievedfromallsufferings

C.Lifeto100andmorewithvitality

D.Beabletolivelongerthanwhales

5.PrincetonprofessorFreemanDysonthinksthat（）.

A.Scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartoours

B.HumanswillbeabletosettleonMars

C.Alienlifewilllikelybediscovered

D.LifewillstarttoevolveonMars

6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans（）.

A.Mightsurviveallcatastrophesonearth

B.Mightacquireamplenaturalresources

C.WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreely

D.Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife

7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstituteinPhiladelphia,predictsthat（）.

A.Humanorganscanbutmanufacturedlikeappliances

B.Peoplewillbeasstronganddynamicassupermen

C.Humannervescanbereplacedbyopticfibers

D.Lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregroup

8.RodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencefor（）.

9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethatcan'tbeusedtomake（）.

10.AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkinplaceof（）.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.C

6.A

7.D

8.artificialintelligence

9.weapons

10.religion

【解析】1.

根據(jù)第一段的最后一句"JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld'sfinestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe."以及文章的首句可推斷出，"theworld'sfinestminds"指的是前面提到的頂尖科學(xué)家們,他們對(duì)2056年，也就是半個(gè)世紀(jì)后的世界做出了一些預(yù)測(cè)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“StevenPinker”定位到第六段。"Thisisaninvitation...made50yearsago."也就是說，這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)可能實(shí)現(xiàn)不了，選項(xiàng)B正確。"invitation"在這里指"vision"，而非"邀請(qǐng)"，所以選項(xiàng)A和C錯(cuò)誤。

3.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“BruceLehn”定位到Livinglonger這一部分的第二段"BruceLahn...anticipatestheabilitytoproduce'unlimitedsupplies'oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneedforhumandonors."題干中的predict和句中的anticipate同義，而"withouttheneedforhumandonors"和A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.

根據(jù)Livinglonger這一部分的第四段的最后一句"Their60s."選項(xiàng)C符合原文。選項(xiàng)B文中沒有提及，選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)D與原文含義不符，可以排除。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“FreemanDyson”定位到Aliens這一部分的第四段的內(nèi)容。"lifefromouterspacewillbediscoveredbefore2056..."所以選項(xiàng)C與原文相符。

6.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“RichardGott”定位到Coloniesinspace這一部分的第一段。"...whichwouldbea'lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,mightoccuronEarth'."Lifeinsurancepolicy為比喻用法，意為"可以保護(hù)人類免于地球上災(zāi)難的侵襲"，選項(xiàng)A與原文一致。

7.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“EllenHeber-Katz”定位到Spinalinjuries這一部分的第二段的首句"Ibelievethat...regenerateandlostlimbstoregroup"，選項(xiàng)D與原文含義相符。

8.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“RodneyBrooks”定位到Robots這一部分的內(nèi)容“theproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobotswillbeatleastpartlyovercome.”。

9.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“BillJoy”定位到Energy這一部分第二段的內(nèi)容“suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweapons.”動(dòng)詞make后面要接名詞或名詞短語。

10.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“GeoffreyMiller”定位到Society這一部分第二段的內(nèi)容"Thus,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction."介詞短語inplaceof后面需接名詞，在這里inplaceof與kill意義相近，故答案為religion。

8.單選題

Hesaidthatveryclearlysothatnobodywasinany（）aboutwhatwasmeant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wonder

B.doubt

C.question

D.consideration

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞組辨析。inquestion討論中的，考慮中的；indoubt感到懷疑，不能肯定的；wonder想知道，inconsideration考慮到，鑒于。句意：他說得很清楚，所以沒有人對(duì)他的意思感到懷疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.翻譯題

Passage1

Physiciansusuallyrelyonsurgeryordrugstobustbloodclotsinthebrainthatmightotherwisecauseastroke,thethirdmostcommoncauseofdeathintheU.S.,butfewerthan10percentofpatientsusuallyfittherequirementstoundergothoseprocedures.However,soundwavesmightprovideathirdnoninvasivechoice.U.S.researchershavebeguntestingan.Israeliultrasounddevicetoseewhetheritmayproveaccurateenoughtobreakupactorwithoutcausingcollateraldamagein*&ebrain.Thisnewfocusedultrasounddevicelookslikeahelmet,studdedwithover1,000ultrasoundtransducers.Eachtransducercanfocusanindividualbeamintothebrainofthehelmet-wearerandconvergeonaspotjustfourmillimeterswide—enoughaccuracytodissolveabloodclotwithinlessthanaminute.

Passage2

Dumpingallourradioactivenuclearwasteinavolcanodoesseemlikeaneatsolutionfordestroyingtheroughly29,000tonsofspenturaniumfuelrodsstockpiledaroundtheworld.Butthere'sacriticalstandardthatavolcanowouldhavetomeettoproperlydisposeofthestuff,andthatstandardisheat.Thelavawouldhavetonetonlymeltthefuelrodsbutalsostriptheuraniumofitsradioactivity.Unfortunately,volcanoesjustaren'tveryhot.Lavainthehottestvolcanoestopsoutataround2,400'F.But,ittakestemperaturesthataretensofthousandsofdegreeshotterthanthattosplituranium'satomicnucleiandalteritsradioactivitytomakeitinert.Whatyouneedisathermonuclearreaction,likeanatomicbomb—notagreatway——todisposeofnuclearwaste.

Passage3

Inwesterncountries,managementteachersandresearchersseemtobeincreasinglydissatisfiedwiththewaymanagersareusuallyeducated.Inacomplexandopenworld,managersoftenbumpintothelimitsofthede-contextualizedtoolsassociatedwithmainstreammanagementknowledgeandpractice.Managershavetonavigateinaworldthatisnotonlyeconomicbutalsopolitical,cultural,shapedbyhistoryandethicaltraditionsandpreoccupations——notonlyasamarkofsocialcapitalbutreallyasawaytoenhancetheirmanagerialskillsandefficiency.Theroteofmanagementeducationshouldbetopreparethemforthatodyssey.Humanitiescanbeapowerfultoolinthatsense.Managementschoolscouldfindnewinspirationsforcurriculumfromthehumanities.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

醫(yī)生通常依靠手術(shù)或藥物去除大腦中的血凝塊,這些血凝塊可能導(dǎo)致患者中風(fēng)。在美國(guó),這是第三大常見的致死病因。但是少于10%的患者符合接受那些程序的要求。然而,聲波可能提供一個(gè)無創(chuàng)性的第三選擇。美國(guó)研究人員己經(jīng)開始測(cè)試一個(gè)以色列超聲波設(shè)備,證實(shí)它是否足夠精準(zhǔn)足以在不對(duì)大腦造成間接傷害的前提下粉碎作用物。這個(gè)新的聚焦超聲設(shè)備看起來就像一個(gè)頭盔,鑲有1000個(gè)超聲波換能器。每個(gè)傳感器可以聚焦于一段聲波進(jìn)入戴著這個(gè)設(shè)備的患者的大腦,聚集在一個(gè)精準(zhǔn)到只有4毫米寬的點(diǎn),然后在一分鐘之內(nèi)溶解血凝塊。

Passage2

把我們所有的放射性核廢料傾倒于一座火山看起來確實(shí)是一個(gè)很好的解決方案,毀掉了全世界約2900噸的乏鈾燃料棒。但是一座火山要妥善地處理這些材料,就面臨著一個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是熱。熔巖不僅要融化燃料棒,而且要消除鈾的放射性。不幸的是,火山偏偏不是很熱,最熱的火山的熔巖最高溫在2400華氏度。但是,它需要比這更高成千上萬倍的溫度來分裂鈾原子核和改變它的放射性物質(zhì)。你需要的是一個(gè)熱核反應(yīng)堆,就像原子彈（不是一種好方法）,來處理核廢料。

Passage3

在西方國(guó)家,管理學(xué)老師和研究者似乎越來越不滿意于經(jīng)理的培養(yǎng)方式。在一個(gè)復(fù)雜和開放的世界,經(jīng)理經(jīng)常會(huì)受到一些跟主流管理知識(shí)和實(shí)踐有關(guān)的脫離語境的相關(guān)工具的限制。經(jīng)理必須在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化等方面跟上時(shí)代的步伐,這是在歷史進(jìn)程中形成的廣文推崇的一種倫理傳統(tǒng)不僅是社會(huì)資本的一種標(biāo)志,而且實(shí)際上是一種提高自身的管理技能和效率的方法。這種生硬死板的管理學(xué)的教育方式將會(huì)把他們培養(yǎng)成奧德賽史詩(shī)式的人物。在這個(gè)意義上,人文可以成為一種強(qiáng)大的工具。管理學(xué)?？梢詮娜宋恼n程中找到新的靈感。

10.單選題

Atfirst,shewasn’tused（

）andwouldfindexcuseforhermedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobecriticized

B.tocriticizing

C.tobeingcriticized

D.tocriticize

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語。句意：開始的時(shí)候她并不習(xí)慣（）會(huì)為了自己的藥找借口。這里批評(píng)是“她”被批評(píng)，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以B、D排除；根據(jù)固定搭配beusedtodoingsth“習(xí)慣于做某事”，這里A選項(xiàng)排除；所以這里答案選C。

11.翻譯題

Feedbackplaysanimportantroleinalmostallelectroniccircuits.Itsstudyisintroducedheretoprovideaviewoftheamplifierasagainelement.

【答案】反饋幾乎在所有電子電路中都有重要的作用。本文介紹了放大器作為增益元件的研究情況。

12.單選題

Thecontentsofcumbersometextsmaybeconvenientlystoredonmicrofilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ancient

B.technical

C.bulky

D.handsome

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumbersome表示“笨重的，累贅的”。A項(xiàng)ancient“古老的”，B項(xiàng)technical“工藝的，藝術(shù)的”，C項(xiàng)bulky“體積大的，笨重的”，D項(xiàng)handsome“帥氣的”。句意：繁瑣的文字內(nèi)容可以很方便地存儲(chǔ)在縮微膠片上。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

13.單選題

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨認(rèn)的”;radical“激進(jìn)的,根本的,徹底的”;medieval“中世紀(jì)的,老式的,原始的”;laden“負(fù)載的,裝滿的”。句意:理論和實(shí)踐之間有著根本的區(qū)別。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Thepersonheinterviewedwas（）hisformerschoolmate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nootherthan

B.nomorethan

C.noneotherthan

D.nonetheless

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)nootherthan“不是別的…；正是…”；B選項(xiàng)nomorethan“不過；僅僅”；C選項(xiàng)noneotherthan“不是別的…；正是…”；D選項(xiàng)nonetheless“仍然，還是”。句意：他采訪的人正是他以前的同學(xué)。因此A和C都符合句意，但在現(xiàn)代英語中nootherthan不太常用，且多用于指物，而常用noneotherthan來指人，故本題選C。

15.單選題

Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst（16）,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis（17）tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture（18）andculturalgrowthincreased.

Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis（19）forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They（20）thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus（21）aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlow（22）.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour（23）forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,（24）afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical（25）timesforlanguagedevelopment.

Current（26）ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.（27）,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin（28）grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing（29）tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe（30）oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.

（31）someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen（32）fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat（33）withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage（34）thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.（35）childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.generated

B.evolved

C.born

D.originated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.appropriate

C.convenient

D.favorite

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.attainments

B.feasibility

C.entertainments

D.evolution

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.essential

B.available

C.reliable

D.responsible

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.confirm

B.inform

C.claim

D.convince

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.from

C.of

D.with

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.organizations

B.organisms

C.humans

D.children

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.performance

C.preference

D.passion

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.justas

C.like

D.unlike

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.ideological

B.biological

C.social

D.psychological

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.reviews

B.reference

C.reaction

D.recommendation

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.Inaword

B.Inasense

C.Indeed

D.Inotherwords

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.different

C.thehigher

D.thelower

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.revealed

B.exposed

C.engaged

D.involved

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.regulations

B.formations

C.rules

D.constitutions

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.Though

B.Whether

C.Since

D.When

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.distinguished

B.different

C.protected

D.isolated

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.acquisition

B.appreciation

C.requirement

D.alternative

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.Asaresult

B.Afterall

C.Inotherwords

D.Aboveall

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:C

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】16.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)generated“產(chǎn)生，引發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)evolved“進(jìn)化”；C選項(xiàng)born“出生”；D選項(xiàng)originated“起源，發(fā)起”。句意：當(dāng)人類剛剛開始_____，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語言這種工具。此處表達(dá)的意思是“人類剛開始進(jìn)化”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)valuable“有價(jià)值的”；B選項(xiàng)appropriate“適當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)convenient“便利的”；D選項(xiàng)favorite“喜愛的”。句意：語言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的，對(duì)人類來說，應(yīng)當(dāng)是_____。而語言對(duì)于人類來說應(yīng)該是相當(dāng)珍貴的，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attainments“造詣，成就”；B選項(xiàng)feasibility“可行性”；C選項(xiàng)entertainments“休閑，娛樂”；D選項(xiàng)evolution“演變，進(jìn)化”。句意：語言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來的_____和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。這里表達(dá)的意思是“人類未來的成就”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)essential“重要的，基本的”；B選項(xiàng)available“可利用的，可獲得的”；C選項(xiàng)reliable“可靠的，可信賴的”；D選項(xiàng)responsible“負(fù)責(zé)的，盡責(zé)的”。句意：許多語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。這里考查了短語beresponsiblefor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原由?！逼渌x項(xiàng)不與for搭配。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confirm“確認(rèn)，確定”；B選項(xiàng)inform“通知，告訴”；C選項(xiàng)claim“宣稱”；D選項(xiàng)convince“說服，使信服”。句意：他們聲稱我們高度進(jìn)化的大腦為我們提供了……?？崭窈笫且粋€(gè)賓語從句，而A選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)以及D選項(xiàng)三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)for“為了”；B選項(xiàng)from“從……來”；C選項(xiàng)of“……的”；D選項(xiàng)with“和……一起”。句意：他們聲稱，我們高度進(jìn)化的大腦為我們提供了一種天生的語言能力，而這種能力在低等動(dòng)物中是找不到的。這里考查了固定搭配providesb.withsth.“向(人)提供(物)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)organizations“組織，構(gòu)造”；B選項(xiàng)organisms“生物體，有機(jī)體”；C選項(xiàng)humans“人類”；D選項(xiàng)children“孩子，兒童”。句意：我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語言能力。題干這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)potential“潛能”；B選項(xiàng)performance“表現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)preference“偏愛”；D選項(xiàng)passion“熱情，激情”。句意：人類的語言能力是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應(yīng)該是_____。這里表達(dá)的是“這種能力是潛在的”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)as“作為，當(dāng)作”；B選項(xiàng)justas“正像是”；C選項(xiàng)like“像……一樣”；D選項(xiàng)unlike“不像”。句意：語言本身_____童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。此處表達(dá)的意思“作為一種功能”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意，其余選項(xiàng)均不合適。

25.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ideological“思想的，意識(shí)形態(tài)的”；B選項(xiàng)biological“生物的”；C選項(xiàng)social“社會(huì)的”；D選項(xiàng)psychological“心理的”。句意：語言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長(zhǎng)是_____變化的過程。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，人的生長(zhǎng)是生物過程的生長(zhǎng)，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

26.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reviews“評(píng)論，回顧，復(fù)習(xí)”；B選項(xiàng)reference“參考，參照”；C選項(xiàng)reaction“反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)”；D選項(xiàng)recommendation“建議，推薦”。句意：目前人們對(duì)“先天論”_____觀點(diǎn)不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。本句表達(dá)的是“對(duì)于這個(gè)理論的評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

27.A選項(xiàng)Inaword“總之，簡(jiǎn)言之”；B選項(xiàng)Inasense“在某種意義上”；C選項(xiàng)Indeed“的確，確實(shí)，甚至，真正的”；D選項(xiàng)Inotherwords“換句話說”。句意：_____，越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)外語最好在低年級(jí)的時(shí)候進(jìn)行教學(xué)。而作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說明，因此這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

28.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”；B選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；C選項(xiàng)thehigher“更高的”；D選項(xiàng)thelower“更低的”。句意：越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在_____年級(jí)學(xué)外語較容易。后面一句Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing...（小孩子經(jīng)?？梢詫W(xué)習(xí)幾種語言通過……）可以看出，應(yīng)該是在低年級(jí)教學(xué)效果最好，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

29.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)revealed“揭示，揭露”；B選項(xiàng)exposed“暴露”；C選項(xiàng)engaged“參加，訂婚”；D選項(xiàng)involved“涉及，包含”。句意：小孩子經(jīng)?？梢酝ㄟ^_____幾種語言來學(xué)習(xí)。固定搭配exposeto“接觸……”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

30.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regulations“條例，章程”；B選項(xiàng)formations“形成，形態(tài)”；C選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則”；D選項(xiàng)constitutions“構(gòu)成”。句意：一旦母語的_____被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語言。一般語法的規(guī)則會(huì)用rule，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

31.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Though“雖然，盡管”；B選項(xiàng)Whether“是否”；C選項(xiàng)Since“因此，由于”；D選項(xiàng)When“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。句意：不可否認(rèn)，語言的某些方面是天生的，_____語言并不是在真空中自動(dòng)發(fā)展的。兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是轉(zhuǎn)折，只有A選項(xiàng)可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

32.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distinguished“有區(qū)別的”；B選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；C選項(xiàng)protected“受保護(hù)的”；D選項(xiàng)isolated“偏遠(yuǎn)的，孤立的”。句意：語言不是在真空中自動(dòng)發(fā)展起來的。與他人_____的兒童無法掌握語言。根據(jù)前文說的“不是在真空中發(fā)展起來的”，可以得知，這里表達(dá)的是“與他人隔離的兒童無法掌握語言”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

33.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposition“闡述，博覽會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)comparison“比較，比喻”，著重“相似之處”；C選項(xiàng)contrast“明顯的差異，對(duì)比”，著重“相異處”；D選項(xiàng)interaction“交流，互相作用”。句意：這表明，與他人的_____對(duì)適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言發(fā)展是必要的。根據(jù)對(duì)前幾句的總結(jié)可以得出，應(yīng)該是和他人互動(dòng)才能促進(jìn)語言的發(fā)展，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

34.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquisition“獲得物，習(xí)得”；B選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”；C選項(xiàng)requirement“要求，必要條件”；D選項(xiàng)alternative“二中擇一”。句意：一些語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，在人類語言_____中，這甚至比任何先天能力都更基本。languageacquisition“語言習(xí)得”是固定短語，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

35.考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)Asaresult“結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)Afterall“畢竟”；C選項(xiàng)Inotherwords“換句話說”；D選項(xiàng)Aboveall“綜上所述”。句意：_____，孩子通過模仿父母來學(xué)習(xí)語言。本句是以另一種方式解釋前文中的imitative,learnedbehavior.（模仿性的后天行為。）因此是講上句話換句話說，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe（

）duringtheday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shouldhavedone

B.mayhavedone

C.wouldhavedone

D.musthavedone

【答案】B

【解析】句意:研究表明，無論白天做了什么，我們每晚睡覺時(shí)都會(huì)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間在做夢(mèng)。

語法題?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone。shouldhavedone表示“本該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生”；mayhavedone表示“對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的一種推測(cè)”；wouldhavedone表示“本來會(huì)做某事，但實(shí)際沒有做成”；musthavedone表示“對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測(cè)”。故選B。

17.單選題

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’relookingfor.

Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.“Businessesneedtofeel