考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱工程大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Beforethegeneralelectionmanyseniorcitizenssignedthe（）againstthespreadingofnucleararms.

問題1選項

A.contract

B.petition

C.supplication

D.potential

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。contract合同，契約；petition請愿書，指許多人簽名的向當權(quán)者提出某種要求；supplication祈愿，祈求，懇求；potential潛力，潛勢。句意:好多老年人簽訂反對核武器的擴散。故B項符合句意。

2.單選題

Savingmoneyregularlyduringone’sworkingyearswillhelpto（）one’soldagefromwant.

問題1選項

A.safeguard

B.assure

C.guard

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】safeguard保護，保衛(wèi)；assure保證，確保；guard防衛(wèi)；guarantee保證，擔保。safeguard...from...為固定搭配，表示“保護...使免于...”，句意：工作的時候定期存錢，有助于老年時期免受貧困之苦。選項A符合句意。

3.單選題

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

問題1選項

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。shedlighton“解釋；闡明”；makelightof“輕視；對……不在乎”；bringlightto“為……帶來光明”；setlightto“點火；引火燒”。句意：我請馬里奧看看這個引擎，希望他可以解決這個問題。選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

SinceJohnhassuchan（

）toflying,IamcertainthathewillnotwanttogotoBritainwithus.

問題1選項

A.aviation

B.aviator

C.aversion

D.avocation

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。aviation“航空，飛行術(shù)”；aviator“飛行員”；aversion“厭惡，反感”；avocation“副業(yè)，業(yè)余愛好”。句意：既然約翰那么討厭乘飛機，那我可以肯定他將不會愿意和我們一起去英國。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知答案C

5.單選題

MarywasashyWomanandtook______behindaratherforbiddingbluntnessofmanner.

問題1選項

A.refuge

B.kindness

C.fright

D.appearance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。refuge“避難”；kindness“好意”；fright“驚嚇”；appearance“外貌”。句意：瑪麗是一個害羞的女人，遇到令人害怕的直率行為就趕緊躲避。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas（）totheissueathand.

問題1選項

A.irrational

B.unreasonable

C.invalid

D.irrelevant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項irrational“不合理的，無理性的”；B選項unreasonable“不合理的，不切實際的”；C選項invalid“無效的，有病的”；D選項irrelevant“不相干的，不切題的”。句意：法官裁定該證據(jù)不可采信，因為它與手頭的問題無關(guān)。由選項意思和句意可知，D選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Shealwayshandledtheproblems（）herownexperienceandprinciples.

問題1選項

A.inthelightof

B.intheeventof

C.inthefaceof

D.inthecourseof

【答案】A

【解析】介詞詞組辨析。inthelightof根據(jù)，按照；intheeventof如果……發(fā)生；inthefaceof面臨，面對；inthecourseof在……過程中。句意：她總是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗和原則來處理問題。選項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Nowordswill（）toconveymygrief.

問題1選項

A.serve

B.supply

C.suffice

D.support

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項serve“招待，供應(yīng)，為……服務(wù)”；B選項supply“供給，提供，補充”；C選項suffice“使?jié)M足，足夠，有能力”，sufficeto“足以”，例如：Oneexamplewillsufficetoillustratethepoint.舉一個例子就足以說明這一點，D選項support“支持，幫助，支撐”，句意：沒有言語能夠表達我的悲傷。由選項意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

9.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

Beginninginthelate1960s,agrowingnumberofwomenexpressedastrongdissatisfactionwithanymarriagearrangementwherethehusbandandhiscareerweretheprimaryconsiderationsinthemarriage.

（1）Bytheendofthe1970s,forexample,considerablylessthanhalfofthewomeninoursocietystillbelievedthattheyshouldputtheirhusbandsandchildrenaheadoftheirowncareers.Inthe2000s,mostwomenintheUnitedStatesbelievethattheyshouldbeequalpartnersintheirmarriagesandthattheirhusbandsshouldhaveequalresponsibilityforchildcareandhouseholdchores.

（2）Inanequal-partnershipmarriage,thewifepursuesa

full-timejoborcareerwhichhasequalorgreaterimportancetoherhusband’s,whilethelong-standingdivisionoflaborbetweenhusbandandwifecomestoanend.Thehusbandisnolongerthemainprovideroffamilyincome,andthewifenolongerhasthemainresponsibilitiesforhouseholddutiesandraisingchildren.Husbandandwifeshareallthesedutiesequally.Poweroverfamilydecisionsisalsosharedequally.

（3）TherealityoflifeinthepresentworldisthatalthoughmostAmericanwomennowhaveanequalsayinthedecisionaffectingthefamily,theysometimesearnlessthanmenforsamework.Also,mostwomenarestillspendingmoretimetakingcareofthechildren,cooking,andcleaningthantheirhusbandsare.Manywomenareresentfulbecausetheyfeelliketheyhavetwofull-timejobs-theoneatworkandtheoneathome.Inthe1980swomenweretoldtheycould“haveitall”--fast-trackcareer,husband,children,andacleanhouse.Now,somewomenarefindingthatlifestyleexhaustingandunrewarding.（4）

Someyoungwomenarenowchoosingtostayathomeuntiltheirchildrenstartschool,butmanyotherswhowouldliketocannotaffordtodoso.Jugglingtwocareersandfamilyresponsibilitiescanbeasdifficultformenasitisforwomen,especiallyifthereistrulyanequaldivisionofduties.Americanfathersareoftenseendroppingthekidsoffatthebabysitter’sortakingasickchildtothedoctor.（5）

Somebusinessesarerecognizingtheneedtoaccommodatefamilieswherebothparentswork，thustheymayopenadaycarecenterintheofficebuilding,offerfatherspaternityleavetostayhomewiththeirnewbabiesorhaveflexibleworkinghours.Unfortunately,thesebenefitsarenotyetavailabletoall.Whileyoungcouplesstrivetoachieveequalityintheircareers,theirmarriages,andtheirparenting,societyatlargestilllacksmanyofthestructuresthatareneededtosupportthem.

【答案】1.例如，到20世紀70年代末，我們社會中仍有相當少的婦女認為她們應(yīng)該把丈夫和孩子放在自己事業(yè)的前面。

2.在一個平等伙伴關(guān)系的婚姻中，妻子所從事的全職工作或事業(yè)與丈夫的工作或事業(yè)是同等或更重要的，而丈夫與妻子之間的勞動分配也結(jié)束了。

3.當今世界的現(xiàn)實生活是，盡管大多數(shù)美國婦女現(xiàn)在在影響家庭的決定上有平等的發(fā)言權(quán)，但她們有時因同樣的工作而掙得比男人少。

4.如今，一些年輕女性選擇待在家里，直到孩子上學(xué)，但許多其他愿意這樣做的人卻負擔不起。

5.一些企業(yè)認識到需要去幫助那些父母都上班的家庭，因此，他們可能在辦公大樓里開設(shè)日托中心，為父親們提供陪產(chǎn)假以便在家里陪伴其新出生的嬰兒或有彈性工作時間。

10.單選題

Inspiteoftheattractions,Guidehasnotadoptedthisuniformapproach,mainlybecauseunifyingratherdifferenttypesofobjectsdoesnot（

）simplicity.

問題1選項

A.makefor

B.makeup

C.makeoff

D.makeout

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞組辨析。makefor“有助于；造就”；makeup“構(gòu)成；編造”；makeoff“匆忙離開”；makeout“理解；辨認”。句意：...原因在于將不同類型的對象統(tǒng)一起來并不能夠有助于簡化。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thecollegewasfirst（

）in1872,lateritwastemporarilyclosedforafewyears,andthenin1879itwasestablishedagain.

問題1選項

A.found

B.founded

C.organized

D.formed

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這所大學(xué)最初建立于1872年，隨后被臨時關(guān)閉了幾年，然后在1879年再次被建立。

考查動詞辨析。Found創(chuàng)立,建立,創(chuàng)辦;founded（found的過去分詞）;organized（organize的過去分詞）被組織，被整理;formed（form的過去分詞）被形成。由后半句wasestablished對應(yīng)可知B符合句意。

12.單選題

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Dinbox27ontheAnswerSheet.

問題1選項

A.Bullying:whatparentscando

B.Bullying:arethemediatoblame?

C.Bullying:thelinkwithacademicfailure

D.Bullying:fromcrisismanagementtoprevention

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意題。縱觀全文，文章的SectionA-C部分首先對欺凌問題進行了總體介紹和概括，下文對學(xué)校欺凌現(xiàn)象進行了討論，主要提到了欺凌對學(xué)生帶來的影響，以及學(xué)校對欺凌事件的反應(yīng)。SectionD部分對學(xué)校的管控和措施進行了介紹。SectionE-F提出了控制欺凌的有效措施和影響。可判斷出整篇文章主要圍繞對學(xué)校欺凌現(xiàn)象的管理和防止展開。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Ourfamilydoctor'sclinic（）atthejunctionoftwobusyroads.

問題1選項

A.rests

B.stands

C.stays

D.seats

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們家庭醫(yī)生的診所位于兩條繁忙馬路的交叉口。

考查動詞辨析。rest休息，放松，(被)支撐；stand站立，位于，停滯；stay停留，堅持，暫住，停下；seat使坐下。故B符合句意。

14.單選題

Thefarmeroutupironfencesaroundtheflower（）gardenneighbor’ssheepshouldbreakin.

問題1選項

A.onconditionthat

B.nowthat

C.lest

D.but

【答案】C

【解析】onconditionthat如果；nowthat既然,由于；lest唯恐,以免。句意：為了防止鄰居家的羊搞破壞,農(nóng)民在花園周圍搭起了鐵柵欄。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

Hedidnotfeelobligedto（）totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.

問題1選項

A.confront

B.conform

C.confine

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】confront面對,遭遇；conform遵守,符合；confine限制；console安慰。句意：他覺得沒有義務(wù)遵守適用于普通人的規(guī)則。選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace,（

）thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.

問題1選項

A.Therefore

B.Furthermore

C.Accordingly

D.Nevertheless

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。therefore“因此，所以”；furthermore“此外，而且”；accordingly“因此，于是”；nevertheless“然而”。句意：倫敦馬拉松賽是一場艱難的比賽，然而每年有數(shù)千人參加。根據(jù)前后句關(guān)系可知D項正確，答案D

17.單選題

Teachingchildrentobe（

）inbothtechnologyandbasicskillslikewritingbyhandisabalancingactthatisasmuchataskforparentsasforteachers.

問題1選項

A.proficient

B.adept

C.capable

D.suitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。proficient意為“精通的，熟練的”，beproficientin意為“精通于，熟練掌握”；adept意為“擅長于……的”，一般指有技巧的事情；capable意為“有能力的”，常與of連用；suitable意為“合適的”，常用for連用。句意：教孩子們熟練掌握技術(shù)和基本技能，比如手寫，是一種平衡行為，對家長和教師來說都是一項任務(wù)。

18.單選題

Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,（

）somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.

問題1選項

A.unless

B.until

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查時間狀語從句。根據(jù)句意可知發(fā)生的事，是在我打算離開的時候，故空格處需要一個連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，排除A、B選項，occurred為短暫性動詞，而while引導(dǎo)的從句動詞必須是持續(xù)性動詞，因此選C。句意：我有些失望且正要離開時，突然發(fā)生了一件事引起了我的注意。

19.翻譯題

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【參考譯文】

控制血壓的最佳鍛煉方式是什么？任何鍛煉都好，幾乎所有運動對控制血壓都非常有效，比如步行、騎車或是輕的負重練習(xí)，全天式的鍛煉會讓減壓效果更好。

亞利桑那州立大學(xué)健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林?蓋瑟爾是位鍛煉與高血壓方面的專家，他認為“哪怕站著也會有幫助?！卞憻捊档脱獕旱脑?，主要是因為運動可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通暢。這樣的效果在鍛煉中和鍛煉后都會馬上顯現(xiàn)，因而在剛剛運動完其降壓效果尤其明顯。結(jié)論就是最好的對抗高血壓的方式，是類似少食多餐那樣進行少量多次的運動。

在蓋瑟爾2012年發(fā)表的一篇報告中，他建議將一天運動量均分為3個時長為10分鐘的步行，這樣比一次步行30分鐘相比可以更好預(yù)防血壓出現(xiàn)峰值，血壓峰值出現(xiàn)往往意味著控壓惡化。甚至說如果10分鐘步行聽著都有些嚇人的話，那就多站站。蓋瑟爾博士主導(dǎo)過另一項研究并將成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血壓問題的志愿者在8小時的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同時監(jiān)測其血壓，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)血壓讀數(shù)如預(yù)料的一樣非常不健康。

但在另一個工作日，當要求這些志愿者每小時至少站立10分鐘后，他們的血壓讀數(shù)顯著改善。接著在另外一個工作日，這些志愿者需要每小時用帶跑步機的書桌慢速走10分鐘（配速為每小時1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬車器每小時練習(xí)10分鐘，鍛煉后的血壓讀數(shù)改善得更為顯著。

蓋瑟爾博士稱就輔助人們控制血壓方面來說，“鍛煉強度起不到什么作用?！边\動起來才是關(guān)鍵。所以每天多走幾步或多站幾次來打造健康血壓吧。

20.單選題

Afterdeliberatingforsevenhours,thejuryreachedamajority________of10to3infavorofthedefendant.

問題1選項

A.declaration

B.conclusion

C.opinion

D.verdict

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“declaration”，意為“公告；宣告；申報（單）”；B選項“conclusion”，意為“結(jié)論；結(jié)局；推論”；C選項“opinion”，意為“意見；想法；（群體的）觀點，信仰”；D選項“verdict”，意為“（陪審團的）裁定，裁決，裁斷”。句意：經(jīng)過7個小時的商議，陪審團以10比3的多數(shù)__裁定__被告勝訴。本句表示“由陪審員經(jīng)過商議后得出的結(jié)論，所以應(yīng)該是裁定、裁決”。因此D選項符合題意。

21.單選題

Certainlynoonecouldhavepredictedthatatinywormwouldmakepossiblesuchfar-reaching（）intotheverynatureoflife.

問題1選項

A.understanding

B.perception

C.insights

D.inquiry

【答案】C

【解析】understanding理解；perception洞察力；insights深刻見解；inquiry探究，調(diào)查。句意：當然，沒有人能預(yù)料到，一條微小的蠕蟲能讓我們對生命的本質(zhì)有如此深遠的了解。insightinto為固定搭配。選項C正確。

22.單選題

Theteacherdidn’tbelievethatTedwasannoyingmeuntilshesawhiminthe____actofpullingmyhair.

問題1選項

A.public

B.opponent

C.overt

D.oblique

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.public公開的；大庭廣眾的B.opponent反對者n.

C.overt公開的；公然的D.oblique隱晦的

【答案】C

【考查點】語義銜接與形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格處前后語義為“老師一直不相信Ted在煩我，直到她看見他____扯我的頭發(fā)?！备鶕?jù)語義銜接可知，此處應(yīng)該為C選項overt“公開的；公然的”符合語義要求，側(cè)重于指行為不是偷偷做的。

【干擾項排除】

A選項public“公開的；大庭廣眾的”，側(cè)重于指面向公眾的；

B選項opponent“反對者”，不符合原文語義銜接；

D選項oblique“隱晦的”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】直到老師看見Ted公然扯我的頭發(fā)時，她才相信他在煩我。

23.問答題

(1)AstudypresentedlastweekattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetingsuggeststhatmentalrelaxationproducedbymeditationmayhavephysiologicalbenefits,atleastinthecaseofpeoplewithestablishedcoronaryarterydisease.Researchersfollowedabout200high-riskpatientsforanaverageoffiveyears.Amongthe100whomeditated,therewere20heartattacks,strokesanddeaths；inthecomparisongroup,therewere32.(2)Themeditatorstendedtoremaindisease-freelongerandalsoreducedtheirbloodpressure.“Wefoundreducedbloodpressurethatwassignificant一thatwasprobablyoneimportantmediator，”saidDr.RobertSchneider,directoroftheInstituteforNaturalMedicineandPreventioninFairfield,Iowa,whopresentedthefindings.ThestudywasconductedattheMedicalCollegeofWisconsininMilwaukee,incollaborationwiththeinstitute.Dr.Schneidersuggestedthat(3)thestressreductionproducedbythemeditationcouldcausechangesinthebrainthatcutstresshormonesanddeceleratetheprocessesassociatedwithatherosclerosis(動脈硬化).

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：AccordingtoastudyattheAmericanHeartAssociationmeetinglastweek,thinkingdeeplyinsilencecangeneratespiritualrecreation,whichmaybegoodtoone’sphysiology,atleastitistrueforthosewhosufferfromcoronaryarterydisease.

2：Thosewhoremaininasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftimeareinclinedtodiseaseinalongertime,andtheirbloodpressurebecomelower.

3：Slientlythinkingcanreleasepressure,whichcouldleadtosomechangesinthebrain,anditcanreducethepressurehormonesandcontrolthedeteriorationofatherosclerosis.

24.單選題

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisnowatalossastowhattodofirst.

問題1選項

A.exceedingly

B.excessively

C.extensively

D.exclusively

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項exceedingly“非常，極其”；B選項excessively“過度地”；C選項extensively“廣大地，廣泛地”；D選項exclusively“唯一地”。根據(jù)valuable（很重要的，寶貴的）可知A選項最為恰當，表示“非常有價值”。句意：你的建議對他非常有價值，因為他現(xiàn)在不知道該先做什么。

25.單選題

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

問題1選項

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓勵”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能夠阻止腫脹和發(fā)炎。選項B符合句意。

26.單選題

Mamapracticed______bydressingthekidsinhand-me-downsratherthaninnewclothes.

問題1選項

A.avarice

B.thrift

C.benevolence

D.luxury

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項avarice表示“貪婪，貪財”，B項thrift表示“節(jié)儉，節(jié)約”，C項benevolence表示“仁慈，善行”，D項luxury表示“奢侈，奢華，奢侈品”。根據(jù)dressingthekidsinhand-me–downs（給孩子們穿舊衣服）可知，“節(jié)儉”符合語境。句意：媽媽節(jié)儉，給孩子們穿舊衣服，而不是新衣服。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

27.單選題

TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalSystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualjudicialsystems;therearebothstateandfederal-courts.Eachstatehasitsownsystemofcourts,composedofcivilandcriminaltrialcourts,sometimesintermediatecourtsofappeal,andastateSupremeCourt.Thefederalcourtsystem,consistsofseriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)servingrelativelysmallgeographicregions(thereisatleastoneforeverystate),atierofcircuitcourtsofappealthathearappealsfrommanydistrictcourtsinaparticulargeographicregion,andtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.Thetwocourtsystemsaretosomeextentoverlapping,inthatcertainkindsofdisputesmaybeinitiatedineithersystem.Theyarealsotosomeextenthierarchical(等級制度的),forthefederalsystemstandsabovethestatesysteminthatlitigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.

Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.Mostcasesgonofurtherthanthetrialcourt;forexample,thecriminaldefendantisconvictedbyatrialandsentencedbythecourtandthecaseend;thepersonalinjurysuitresultsinajudgmentbyatrialcourt(oranout-of-courtsettlementbythepartieswhilethecourtsuitispending)andthepartiesleavethecourtsystem.Butsometimesthelosingpartyatthetrialcourtcaresenoughaboutthecausethatthematterdoesnotendthere.Inthesecases,the“l(fā)oser”atthetrialcourtmayappealtothenexthighercourt.

21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

22.Accordingtothepassage,districtcourtsarealsoknownas________.

23.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,“engagedin”means________.

24.Thepassageindicatedthatlitigantswholosetheircasesinthestatetrialcourtmaytakethemtoa________.

25.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattypicalcourtcasesare________.

問題1選項

A.Civilandcriminaltrialcourts.

B.Typicalcourtcases.

C.ThecourtsystemintheUnitedStates.

D.Theappealcourtprocess.

問題2選項

A.circuitcourts

B.intermediatecourts

C.supremecourts

D.trialcourts

問題3選項

A.committedto

B.attentiveto

C.involvedin

D.absorbedin

問題4選項

A.differentcourtinthesamestate

B.Federaltrialcourt

C.StateSupremeCourt

D.Courtinanotherstate

問題5選項

A.alwaysappealed

B.usuallyresolvedinthedistrictcourts

C.alwaysoverlapping

D.usuallysettledbytheSupremeCourt

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】21.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句TheUnitedStatescourtsystem,aspartofthefederalSystemofgovernment,ischaracterizedbydualjudicialsystems;therearebothstateandfederal-courts.（美國法院制度作為聯(lián)邦政府制度的一部分，其特點是雙重司法制度；州法院和聯(lián)邦法院同時存在。），后文以此展開，所以C選項“美國的法院系統(tǒng)”正確，A選項“民事和刑事審判法庭”，B選項“典型的法庭案例”和D選項“上訴法院程序”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

22.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句seriesoftrialcourts(calleddistrictcourts)（一系列的初審法院，也就是地方法院），可知D選項“初審法院”正確。A選項“巡回法院”，B選項“中級法院”和C選項“最高法院”不符合題意。因此D選項正確。

23.語義推測題。engagedin的意思是“從事，參加，參與”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句litigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.（在州最高法院敗訴的當事人（參與訴訟的人）可以向美國最高法院上訴。），當事人參與訴訟，所以C選項“牽涉進，參與”正確。A選項“決心從事……；致力于”，B選項“留意”和D選項“全神貫注于”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

24.義推測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句litigant(personengagedinlawsuits)wholosetheircasesinthestatesupremecourtmayappealtheireasestotheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates.（在州最高法院敗訴的當事人（參與訴訟的人）可以向美國最高法院上訴。），可知C選項“國家最高法院”正確。A選項“同一個州的不同法院”，B選項“聯(lián)邦初審法院”和D選項“另一個州的法院”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

25.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thus,thetypicalcourtcasebeginsinatrialcourt—acourtofgeneraljurisdiction—inthestateorfederalsystem.（因此，典型的法院案件始于州或聯(lián)邦體系的初審法院——具有一般管轄權(quán)的法院。），可知B選項“通常在地區(qū)法院解決”正確，D選項“通常由最高法院解決”錯誤。A選項“常常提起上訴”和C選項“總是重疊”沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

28.單選題

Nobodylikestakingexams;examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyou__51__somesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite__52__.Itwon’texactlybefun,butitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesorsleeplessnights.

Ifyouareplanningto__53__oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificate,youwillprobablyfindthatthere’sapreparationcourse__54__ataschoolnearyou.Checkthattheschoolhasagood__55__ofexamsuccessandthattheteacheris__56__.Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand__57__yourwrittenworkwillbemarkedbyateacherwhoknowsthelevelofEnglish__58__bytheexam.

Ifyoutakeanexampreparationcourse,yourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat__59__inaclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto__60__inalotofworkyourself(afterall,theteachercan’ttaketheexamforyou!).

問題1選項

A.mind

B.walk

C.follow

D.keep

問題2選項

A.fascinating

B.painless

C.enjoyable

D.marvelous

問題3選項

A.have

B.prepare

C.participate

D.take

問題4選項

A.possible

B.available

C.offering

D.existing

問題5選項

A.management

B.foundation

C.expectation

D.record

問題6選項

A.experience

B.experiencing

C.experienced

D.experiences

問題7選項

A.how

B.that

C.what

D.whether

問題8選項

A.required

B.determined

C.corresponded

D.accorded

問題9選項

A.going

B.coming

C.being

D.getting

問題10選項

A.put

B.act

C.sit

D.give

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:A

【解析】51.考查動賓搭配?？崭癯鰹楸揪渲^語動詞，與其搭配的賓語為somesimplesteps“一些簡單的步驟”。句意：如果你____一些簡單的步驟……。A選項mind“介意；專心于”；B選項walk“走路”；C選項follow“跟隨；遵循”；D選項keep“保持”。在這四個選項中，C選項follow“跟隨；遵循”常與步驟搭配。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

52.考查句間邏輯中的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系與語義銜接。前文examsinyourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemtocausemoreworryandanxiety.（用母語考試可能已經(jīng)夠有壓力了，但不知怎么的，用外語考試似乎總是會引起更多的擔憂和焦慮。）根據(jù)句意，參加外語考試令人擔憂和焦慮，是不好的一點；而本題所在句Well,thegoodnewsisthat,ifyoufollowsomesimplesteps,takingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite__52__.（好消息是，如果你遵循一些簡單的步驟，參加英語語言考試真的很____。）根據(jù)句意，這一句講的是好消息，兩句句意之間存在明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此推斷空格處應(yīng)該填一個積極意義的詞，其詞義應(yīng)與上文“擔憂和焦慮”相反，由此可排除A選項fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”、D選項marvelous“非凡的”。C選項enjoyable“快樂的”，雖然意義也與“擔憂和焦慮”相反，但是太過了，“遵循一定的步驟”會減少擔憂和焦慮，但還不至于說讓人快樂和享受，相比之下，B選項painless“無痛的，不痛苦的”更符合語境。因此，本題最佳選項為B。

53.考查動賓搭配。原文空格處動詞，其賓語為exam“考試”，句意：如果你打算____一個知名的考試的話……。A選項have“有”；B選項prepare“（~for）準備”；C選項participate“（~in）參加”；D選項take“參加（考試）”。參加考試的固定搭配是takeanexam，D選項符合題意。A選項“有一個考試”，強調(diào)的是客觀上存在一個考試要參加，而本句要表達的是主觀上要去參加一個考試，該選項不符合語境，排除；B、C選項缺少必要的介詞，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

54.考查修飾語與被修飾語之間的搭配。原文空格處為修飾語，其被修飾語為apreparationcourse，句意：在附近的學(xué)校有____準備考試的課程。A選項possible“可能的”；B選項available“可獲得的”；C選項offerin