考研考博-英語-天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Canyouexplainthis（）oftenyearsinyourjobhistorywhichyouhavenotaccountedfor?

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.gap

C.split

D.paring

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。interruption"中斷,干擾";gap"缺口,差距,間隔";split"劈裂,裂縫;paring"削皮"。選項中只有g(shù)ap可以表示時間的間隔。句意：你能解釋一下在你的工作經(jīng)歷中你沒有解釋的十年空白期嗎?選項B正確。

2.單選題

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

問題1選項

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。enthralling迷人的；impenetrable不能通過的；費解的；lucid明晰的；透明的；易懂的；deliberate故意的；深思熟慮的；從容的。句意：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)開始于行話和精致言語的環(huán)境中，然后像語言和文學(xué)在巧妙地使用的情況下可以做到的那樣繼續(xù)于費解的委婉語的陰云中。從continuedinacloudofeuphemism（委婉語的陰云中）可知B項“費解的”符合題意。

3.單選題

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

問題1選項

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項warranty“（商品）保用單”；B選項license“執(zhí)照，許可證”；C選項market“市場，交易”；D選項necessity“必然，必要”。根據(jù)repairorreplacement（修理或更換）可知A選項符合語境。句意：我公司在本保證項下的義務(wù)僅限于修理或更換。

4.單選題

Theactresswasvery（）attheinsultingquestionraisedbyheropponentatthe

conference.

問題1選項

A.extraterrestrial

B.explicit

C.indignant

D.innovative

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。extraterrestrial地球外的，宇宙的；explicit外在的，清楚的；indignant憤怒的，憤慨的；innovative創(chuàng)新的，革新的。根據(jù)句中insultingquestionraisedbyheropponent(對手提出的侮辱性問題)可知，她應(yīng)該是非常憤怒。選項C符合句意。

5.翻譯題

ThegreatworkofGibbonisindispensabletothestudentofhistory.TheliteratureofEuropeoffersnosubstitutefor"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire."Ithasobtainedundisputedpossession,asrightfuloccupant,ofthevastperiodwhichitcomprehends.Howeversomesubjects,whichitembraces,mayhaveundergonemorecompleteinvestigate,on,onthegeneralviewofthewholeperiod,thishistoryisthesoleundisputedauthoritytowhichalldefer,andfromwhichfewappealtotheoriginalwriters,ortomoremoderncompilers.Theinherentinterestofthesubject,theinexhaustiblelaboremployeduponit;theimmensecondensationofmatter;theluminousarrangement;thegeneralaccuracy;thestyle,whichisthroughoutvigorous,animated,often,picturesquealwayscommandsattention-describeswithsingularbreadthandfidelity,andgeneralizeswithunrivalledfelicityofexpression:allthesehighqualificationshavesecured,andseemlikelytosecure,itspermanentplaceinhistoricliterature.ThisvastdesignofGibbon,themagnificentwholeintowhichhehascastthedecayandruinoftheancientcivilization,theformationandbirthoftheneworderofthings,willofitself,independentofthelaboriousexecutionofhisimmenseplanrender"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire"anunapproachablesubjecttothefuturehistorian.ThisextentandharmonyofdesignisunquestionablythatwhichdistinguishestheworkofGibbonfromallothergreathistoricalcompositions.Hehasfirstbridgedtheabyssbetweenancientandmodemtimes,andconnectedtogetherthetwogreatworldsofhistory.Thegreatadvantagewhichtheclassicalhistorianspossessoverthoseofmoderntimesisinunity,ofplan,ofcoursegreatlyfacilitatedbythenarrowerspheretowhichtheirresearcheswereconfined.

ExceptHerodotus,thegreathistoriansofGreece—weexcludethemoremodemcompilers,likeDiodorusSiculus—limitedthemselvestoasingleperiod,oratleasttothecontractedsphereofGrecianaffairs.

Naturalunityconfinedtheirnarrativealmosttochronologicalorder,theepisodeswereofrareoccurrenceandextremelybrief.

TotheRomanhistoriansthecoursewasequallyclearanddefined.Romewastheircentreofunity;andtheuniformitywithwhichthecircleoftheRomandominionspreadaround,theregularitywithwhichtheircivilpolityexpanded,forced,asitwere,upontheRomanhistorianthatplanwhichPolybiusannouncesasthesubjectofhishistory,themeansandthemannerbywhichthewholeworldbecamesubjecttotheRomansway.HowdifferentthecomplicatedpoliticsoftheEuropeankingdoms!

Everynationalhistory,tobecomplete,must,inacertainsense,bethehistoryofEurope;thereisnoknowingtohowremoteaquarteritmaybenecessarytotraceourmostdomesticevents;fromacountry,howeverapparentlydisconnected,mayoriginatetheimpulsewhichgivesitsdirectiontothewholecourseofaffairs.

【答案】歐洲的文獻無法替代《羅馬帝國衰亡史》的作品。在過去的很長時間里。它都處于主導(dǎo)地位。然而，它所包含的一些主題還需要經(jīng)歷更加完善的研究調(diào)查。從整體上來看，該書具有無可爭議的權(quán)威性，無論是對于隨后的歷史編寫者還是現(xiàn)代的編寫者。

這種風(fēng)格充滿活力、生氣勃勃并且極具吸引力。這種風(fēng)格用獨特的視覺和保真度進行描述，并以無與倫比的表達來進行歸納概括。

這部偉大的著作對羅馬古文明的腐化、衰亡及新秩序的誕生的描寫體現(xiàn)了這本著作的偉大思想精華。從它的構(gòu)思來看，《羅馬帝國衰亡史》使以后的歷史學(xué)家望塵莫及的，更不用說以后實行撰寫計劃的創(chuàng)作了。

那個曾經(jīng)侵略和壓迫過整個世界的最非凡的統(tǒng)治逐漸衰弱必須引起人們的注意和興趣，人們不能漠然地看待那些難以忘懷的時代。

這種設(shè)計的廣度和協(xié)調(diào)性是值得肯定的，這將吉本的作品與其他偉大的歷史作品區(qū)分開來。

古典歷史學(xué)家與現(xiàn)代歷史學(xué)家相比，最大的優(yōu)勢在于整體性，當(dāng)然，由于他們的研究范圍較窄，這有利于促進研究。

順乎自然的統(tǒng)一性把他們都傾向于用時間順序記錄歷史，情節(jié)很少，而且極其簡短。

每一部完整的民族史，在某種意義上，就是歐洲的歷史。我們無從知道要追溯我們國內(nèi)的歷史事件有多遙遠。

6.單選題

Honestynolongerseemstobethebestpolicywithtellingofliesbecomingacommonpartofourdailylives.Anewresearchbyapsychologisthasrevealedthatmostpeoplelieineverydayconversationwhentheyaretryingtoappearlikableandcompetent.

（1）“Peopletellaconsiderablenumberofliesineverydayconversation.Itwasaverysurprisingresult.Wedidn’texpectlyingtobesuchapartofdailyconversation,”saidRobertFeldman.

Thestudyalsofoundthatliestoldbymenandwomendifferincontent,thoughnotinquantity.（2）“Womenweremorelikelytolietomakethepersontheyweretalkingtofeelgood,whilemenliedmostoftentomakethemselveslookbetter,”Feldmannoted.

Aspartofthestudy,agroupof121pairsofundergraduatestudentswererecruitedtoparticipate.（3）Participantswereunawarethatthesessionwasbeingvideotaped.Attheendofthesession,thestudentswerethenaskedtowatchthevideoofthemandidentifyanyinaccuraciesinwhattheyhadsaidduringtheconversation.Theywereencouragedtoidentifyalllies,nomatterhowbigorsmall.

Feldmansaidthestudentswhoparticipatedinthestudyweresurprisedattheirownresults.“Whentheywerewatchingthemselvesonvideotape,peoplefoundthemselveslyingmuchmorethantheythoughttheyhad,”Feldmansaid.Theliesthestudentstoldvariedconsiderably.（4）Othersweremoreextreme,suchasfalselyclaimingtobethestarofarockband.

“It’ssoeasytolie,”Feldmansaid.“Weteachourchildrentobehonest,butwealsotellthemit’spolitetopretendtheylikeabirthdaygiftthey’vebeengiven.（5）.”

問題1選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題2選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題3選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題4選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題5選項

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“Thestudyalsofoundthat...”可推測,填空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該也是描述這項研究的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)。所以選項F正確。

2.根據(jù)上句,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),男性和女性說謊的內(nèi)容不同,但數(shù)量沒什么不同。而填空處下文描述的是男性和女性撒謊的不同方式。結(jié)合上下文,選項A能起到連接上下文的作用,所以正確。

3.上句提到,作為研究的一部分,研究人員招募了121對本科生參與其中。下文也都是和研究相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,而剩下的選項中和研究相關(guān)的只有選項D。

4.根據(jù)下文的“Othersweremoreextreme,...”可推測,這里是研究結(jié)果進行比較,所以前面應(yīng)該是“Somewere...”,選項C符合原文語境。

5.根據(jù)上文,我們教孩子們要誠實,但我們也告訴他們,假裝他們喜歡別人送給他們的生日禮物是有禮貌的。由此可知,孩子們得到的關(guān)于說謊的實際方面的信息非常復(fù)雜,這對他們成年后的行為是有影響的。所以選項B符合原文語境。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中國發(fā)展已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成就，但我們清楚地認識到，中國還是最大的發(fā)展中國家，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(percapitaGDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平與發(fā)達國家有較大差距。經(jīng)濟正在進行提質(zhì)增效，但仍然存在著很多制約發(fā)展的體制和機制(systemicandinstitutional)障礙。中國要實現(xiàn)更大更好的發(fā)展，到21世紀中葉進入中等發(fā)達國家行列，關(guān)鍵是堅持走改革創(chuàng)新之路，進一步解放思想，把人民群眾的創(chuàng)造潛能充分激發(fā)出來，使整個社會充滿生機活力，形成支撐發(fā)展源源不斷的動力。

【答案】Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinitsdevelopment.ButwearefullyawarethatChinaisstillthelargestdevelopingcountry.ItspercapitaGDPisnothighintheworldranking,anditslevelofscienceandtechnologylagsfarbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.Theeconomyisimprovinginqualityandefficiency,buttherearestillsystemicandinstitutionalobstaclestodevelopment.Toachievegreaterandbetterdevelopmentandjointheranksofmedium-developedcountriesbythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thekeyforChinaistostayonthepathofreformandinnovation,furtheremancipatethemind,fullyunleashthecreativepotentialofthepeople,invigoratethewholesociety,andcreateasteadystreamofdrivingforcefordevelopment.

8.單選題

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

問題2選項

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

問題3選項

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

問題4選項

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

問題5選項

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(為了盡可能簡化該定義，假設(shè)科學(xué)被定義為分類知識（事實）)。因此D項“分類知識”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些發(fā)現(xiàn)似乎如此簡單，以至于人們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們在多年前沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)；然而，人們應(yīng)該記住，顯微鏡的構(gòu)造必須先于細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn))。由此可知，B項“一定先于導(dǎo)致細胞的發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)”正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一種是為了滿足好奇心，被稱為純科學(xué)。另一個是為了將知識用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或創(chuàng)造新的消費品。在這種情況下，知識被用于經(jīng)濟用途，這種方法被稱為應(yīng)用科學(xué))，因此C項“純科學(xué)”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:做理論研究的科學(xué)家不必為忽視其發(fā)現(xiàn)的應(yīng)用方面而受到指責(zé)。最后一段最后一句指出:Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries(許多致力于純科學(xué)的科學(xué)家并不為忽視他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的實際一面而感到抱歉)，由此可知A項正確。B:現(xiàn)在很少有人對科學(xué)的含義有任何概念。第一段第一句指出:Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning(科學(xué)這個詞在現(xiàn)代是經(jīng)常聽到的，幾乎每個人都對它的含義有一些概念)，由此可知B項錯誤。C:在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，不難辨別虛實。第二段第一句指出:Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy(即使在真正的科學(xué)中，區(qū)分事實和虛構(gòu)并不總是容易的)，因此C項錯誤。D:有實踐頭腦的人能理解純科學(xué)的定義和目標(biāo)。第五段第一句指出:Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards(有時，有實踐頭腦的人忽視了純科學(xué)的意義，而只考慮即時的經(jīng)濟回報)，由此可知D項錯誤。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段探討科學(xué)的本質(zhì)，最后一段探討科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)，因此A項“科學(xué)和科學(xué)家的本質(zhì)”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。

9.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

問題1選項

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明顯她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他。

考查形容詞辨析。insolvable不能解決（答）的;insensible昏迷的，無知覺的；inseparable不可分離的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根據(jù)后半句“她希望自己從來沒有嫁給他”可知D符合句意。

10.單選題

Sinceitsinception,Pakistanhasstriveddesperatelyto_____India,cultivatingtieswithanystatewillingtohelpit.

問題1選項

A.counteract

B.counterfeited

C.counterchange

D.counterbalance

【答案】A

【解析】counteract對抗,阻礙,中和;counterfeit偽造,假冒;counterchange交換,調(diào)換;counterbalance抵消,平衡。句意：從一開始,巴基斯坦就拼命對抗印度,與任何愿意幫助它的國家建立聯(lián)系。選項A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

問題1選項

A.hasfound

B.wasfinding

C.hadfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。主句為一般過去時，因此從句也要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，故此處用過去完成時。

句意：學(xué)生說他發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇文章中里有幾個很難理解的點。

12.單選題

Itbeganasjustanotherresearchproject,inthiscasetoexaminetheeffectsofvariousdrugsonpatientswithaseveremooddisorder.Usinganadvancedbrainscanningtechnology—theclumsilynamedecho-planarmagneticresonancespectroscopicimaging(磁共振光譜成像)procedure,orEP–MRSI—researchersatBoston’sMcLeanHospitalscannedthemedicatedandun-medicatedbrainsof30peoplewithbipolardisorderinordertodetectpossiblenewtreatmentsforthemorethan2millionAmericanadultswhosufferfromthedisease.

Butsomethingunexpectedhappened.Apatientwhohadbeensodepressedthatshecouldbarelyspeakbecameebullientafterthe45-minutebrainscan.Thenasecondpatient,whoseemedincapableofevenasmile,emergedactuallytellingjokes.Thenanotherandanother.Wasthissomecoincidence?AimeeParow,thetechnicianwhomadetheseobservationsdidn’tthinkso.Shementionedthepatients’strikingmoodshiftstoherbossandtogethertheycompletelyrefocusedthestudy:toseeiftheelectromagneticfieldsmightactuallyhaveacurativeeffectondepressivemood.

Asitturnsout,theydid.AsreportedlastmonthintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry,23ofthe30peoplewhowerepartofthestudyreportedfeelingsignificantlylessdepressedafterthescan.Themostdramaticimprovementswereamongthosewhoweretakingnomedication.Theresearchersarecautious.SaysBruceCohen,McLean’spresidentandpsychiatristinchief:“Iwanttoemphasizethatwearenotsayingthisistheanswerbutthisisacompletelydifferentapproachintryingtohelpthebrainthananythingthatwasdonebefore.

It’sacompletelydifferentapproachbecauseofthewaythemagnetismisappliedtothebrain.Butit’sanexampleofnewresearchonanoldidea:thatthebrainisanelectromagneticorganandthatbraindisordersmightresultfromdisorderinmagneticfunction.Theideahashugeappealtopsychiatristsandpatientsalike,sinceformanypeoplethesideeffectsofpsychiatric(精神的)drugsarealmostasdifficulttomanageasthediseaseitself.And30percentofthenearly18.8millionpeoplewhosufferfromdepressiondonotrespondtoanyoftheantidepressantsavailablenow.Peoplewithotherseverementaldisordersmightbenefitaswell.Andwhilenoonefullyunderstandsexactlywhyorhowthebrainrespondsasitdoestoelectricalcurrentsandmagneticwaves,fascinatingnewresearchisofferingsomepossibleexplanations.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaprojectaimedatfinding（）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutbipolardisorder?

3.Theword“ebullient”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.

4.Theresearchers’attitudetowardthenewfindingcanbedescribedas（）.

5.Thenewfindingissignificantbecauseitshowsthatelectromagneticfieldsmay（）.

問題1選項

A.whohasbipolardisorder

B.whatimprovespeople’smoods

C.whethermagneticscanningisatreatment

D.howsomepatientsrespondtosomedrugs

問題2選項

A.Itmainlyaffectsmales.

B.Itmaycausedrugaddiction.

C.Itisamentalproblem.

D.Itishardtodetect.

問題3選項

A.considerate

B.quiet

C.excited

D.sorrowful

問題4選項

A.confused

B.amused

C.careful

D.skeptical

問題5選項

A.treatmentaldisorders

B.causementaldisorders

C.increasetheeffectivenessofsomedrugs

D.reducetheeffectivenessofsomedrugs

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“第一段描述了一個旨在尋找……的項目”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段第一句Itbeganasjustanotherresearchproject,inthiscasetoexaminetheeffortsofvariousdrugsonpatientswithaseveremooddisorder.（它一開始只是另一個研究項目，在這個案例中，研究各種藥物對嚴重情緒障礙患者的影響），由此可知D項“有些病人對某些藥物的反應(yīng)如何”符合。A項“誰是雙相障礙患者”，內(nèi)容不符合題干；B項“什么改善了人們的情緒”，這個項目研究的是藥物對情緒的影響，該項比較片面；C項“磁掃描是否是一種治療手段”，磁掃描的目的是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)可能的新的治療方法，不是這個項目的目的。故該題選D正確。

第2題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“關(guān)于雙相障礙，這篇文章說了什么？”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句researchersatBoston’sMcLeanHospitalscannedthemedicatedandun-medicatedbrainsof30peoplewithbipolardisorderinordertodetectpossiblenewtreatmentsforthemorethan2millionAmericanadultswhosufferfromthedisease.（波士頓麥克萊恩醫(yī)院的研究人員掃描了30名雙相情感障礙患者服用藥物和未服用藥物的大腦，以便為超過200萬的美國成年人發(fā)現(xiàn)可能的新治療方法），由此可以推斷，雙相情感障礙是一種精神疾病，所以C項“這是一個精神問題”正確。A項“它主要影響男性”文章沒有提到；B項“它可能會導(dǎo)致藥物成癮”，文中只提到服用藥物和未服用藥物的對比，沒有提到會導(dǎo)致藥物成癮；D項“它很難察覺”文章也未提及。故該題選C正確。

第3題:語義推測題。題干意思是“第2段中的‘ebullient’一詞可以被……替代”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章的第二段第二句Apatientwhohadbeensodepressedthatshecouldbarelyspeakbecameebullientafterthe45-minutebrainscan.（一位抑郁到幾乎說不出話的病人在45分鐘的腦部掃描后變得ebullient），第二段第三句提到Thenasecondpatient,whoseemedincapableofevenasmile,emergedactuallytellingjokes.（第二位病人，開始看起來臉上一絲笑容都沒有，經(jīng)過掃描后變得可以講笑話了），由此可以推測，抑郁到幾乎說不出話的病人在經(jīng)過腦掃描后變得興奮，所以ebullient表示“興奮”，故C項“興奮的”正確。A項“考慮周到的”、B項“安靜的”和D項“悲傷的”都錯誤。故該題選C。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“研究人員對新發(fā)現(xiàn)的態(tài)度可以描述為……”。文章第三段第四句提到Theresearchersarecautious.（研究人員對此持謹慎態(tài)度），由此可知C項“小心仔細的”正確。A項“困惑的”、B項“覺得好笑的”、D項“懷疑的”都不符合原文。故該題選C正確。

第5題:細節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大，因為它表明電磁場可能……”。最后一段第二句提到thebrainisanelectromagneticorganandthatbraindisordersmightresultfromdisorderinmagneticfunction.Theideahashugeappealtopsychiatristsandpatientsalike…（大腦是一個電磁器官，大腦的紊亂可能是由磁功能紊亂引起的；這個想法對精神病醫(yī)生和病人都有巨大的吸引力），新的發(fā)現(xiàn)是電磁場對大腦有作用，由此可以推斷，人們可以利用電磁場治療精神障礙，所以A項“治療精神障礙”符合題意。B項“導(dǎo)致精神障礙”，內(nèi)容與原文相反；C項“增加某些藥物的效力”和D項“減少某些藥物的效力”文章沒有提到。故該題選A正確。

13.單選題

Aninternationaltreatysignedseveralyearsago（

）tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies.

問題1選項

A.bans

B.eliminates

C.promotes

D.protects

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。ban意為“明令禁止，取締”；eliminate意為“排除，取消”；promote意為“促進，推進”；protect意為“保護，保衛(wèi)”。由主語aninternationaltreaty（國際條約）和賓語tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies（瀕危動植物的貿(mào)易）可知謂語動詞用ban符合邏輯。

句意：幾年前簽署的一項國際條約禁止瀕危動植物貿(mào)易。

14.單選題

Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseit（

）boththeoldandtheyoung.

問題1選項

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.immerses

D.indulges

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項facilitate“促進；幫助”；B選項fascinate“使著迷”；C選項immerse“沉浸；使陷入”；D選項indulge“滿足；沉溺；放任”。句意：馬戲團一直都很受歡迎，因為它能同時……老年人和年輕人。馬戲團能使老年人和年輕人都“著迷”，從而受歡迎。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanc