考研考博-英語-安徽中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽中醫(yī)藥高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Jimisso（）afterinjuringhislegthathehasgreatdifficultyinwalking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lane

B.lamp

C.lamb

D.lame

【答案】D

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lane“小巷”；B選項(xiàng)lamp“燈；照射器”；C選項(xiàng)lamb“羔羊”；D選項(xiàng)lame“瘸的”。句意：吉姆的腿受傷后……，走路都很困難。根據(jù)后面的injuringhisleg“腿受傷了”和描述程度hasgreatdifficultyinwalking“走路都很困難”，由此可知他的腿受傷后瘸了。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Socialscientistshaveestablishedfairlyclear-cut______thatdescribetheappropriatebehaviorofchildrenandadults,butthereseemstobeconfusionaboutwhatconstitutesappropriatebehaviorforadolescents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.functions

B.rigidities

C.norms

D.castes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)function“功能，職責(zé)”，B項(xiàng)rigidity“硬度，嚴(yán)格，刻板”，C項(xiàng)norm“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)范”，D項(xiàng)cast“投擲，拋”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處缺少一個(gè)名詞，并且后面的that是作定語從句修飾空格，它的意思是“描述兒童和成人的適當(dāng)行為”，那么結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推測，這個(gè)定語從句修飾的名詞是“規(guī)范”。句意：社會(huì)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)建立了相當(dāng)明確的規(guī)范，描述兒童和成人的適當(dāng)行為，但青少年的適當(dāng)行為是由什么構(gòu)成的，似乎還存在困惑。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementstronglybelievesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.Todothisitisnecessarytostartoffwithanunderstandingoftheessentialdrivingforcesthatwillbeforcingorganizationstochange.Changeisnotrandom,thereareunderlyingprocesses.Threecentraldrivingforces—thegrowthoftheworldeconomy,thechangingnatureoftheworkforce,andthearrivalofgenuinetechnologicalcompetition—arenowatwork.

Theglobalizationoftheworldcapitalmarketsthathasoccurredinthepast20yearswillbereplicatedrightacrosstheeconomyinthenextdecade.Theneedtoproducegoodsandservicesatqualitylevelspreviouslythoughtimpossibletoobtaininmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniqueswillrequireaworkforcewithmuchhigherlevelsofeducationandskills.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.

Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow’smanagerswillhavetohaveastrongbackgroundinorganizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlaboreconomics.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattemptstoadvanceourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquicklybringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation.

WhatthismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesof,technicalchangeinwaysthatwerenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthatitisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitoriftheyunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.

Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologicallyilliterateregardlessoftheirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Iftheydon’tunderstandwhatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,theywillfailtomakethechangesthatthosewhodounderstandwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackboxmake.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.

11.Whatisitessentialforstudentstounderstandthedrivingforcesthatcanforceorganizationstochange?

12.Whatwillbeneededtoproducequalifiedgoodsandservicesinmassproductionandthespreadinguseofparticipatorymanagementtechniques?

13.WhatdoestheMITSloanSchoolofManagementattempttodoinitsresearch?

14.WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanmanagersfromthispassage?

15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheMITSloanSchoolofManagementemphasizeditsimportance.

B.Becausetheworldeconomyischanging.

C.Becausestudentsneedtobeeffectiveagentsintheirfuturecareers.

D.Becausetechnologicalcompetitionnowisstrong.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Employersshouldhaveasenseofglobalization.

B.Employeesshouldbewell-educatedandskillfulintheirjobs.

C.Employersshouldadaptthemselvestodifferentstylesofmanagement.

D.Employeesshouldshifttheirpositionsfromonetoanother.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tohelpitsstudentsbecomefirstclassmanagers.

B.Totestwhetheritsstudentshaveastrongbackgroundincertainareas.

C.Togivesomeinsightstothosefirstclassmanagers.

D.Tohelpitsstudentsadvancetheirunderstandingsincertainareas.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavebeendominatedbymanagersfromothercountries.

B.Theyneedtoknowmoreabouttechnology.

C.Theyknowtheircompetitorsunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetter.

D.Theyaretechnologicallyreadytobemanagersintheworldoftomorrow.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMITSloanSchoolofManagementhasrevealedwhatisgoingoninsidetheblackbox.

B.Americanmanagersknowmoreabouttechnicalchangethanmanagersfromtherestoftheworld.

C.Thestyleofmanagementischangingconstantly.

D.Everyfuturemanagershouldhavecross-disciplinaryknowledge.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】11、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段，believesthatitspurposeistogivestudentsthetoolstheywillneedtobeeffectivechangeagentsintherestoftheircareers.從這句話可以看出C項(xiàng)是它的轉(zhuǎn)述句，因此C正確，A項(xiàng)是表面原因，B項(xiàng)不是本題干的原因，D項(xiàng)也是無關(guān)項(xiàng)，因此本題答案為C。

12、【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段，Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfroma“don’tthink,dowhatyouaretold”toa“think,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodo”styleofmanagement.這一句我們可以看出，管理者們是需要重新開始調(diào)整新的管理方式了，因此答案為C。ABD均為錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)，題干中沒有提到。

13、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。本題的題干信息點(diǎn)在第三段的最后一句“bringsthefruitsofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation”這一句話的意思是致力于通過研究增進(jìn)我們對(duì)這些領(lǐng)域的理解，然后迅速將這項(xiàng)新研究的成果帶給我們的學(xué)生，這樣當(dāng)涉及到人力資源方面時(shí)，他們就能成為領(lǐng)先的管理者。那么我們可以看出MIT學(xué)校研究的目的就是幫助它的學(xué)生在特定的領(lǐng)域成為佼佼者。

14、【試題答案】B

【試題解析】文章推斷題。A項(xiàng)不對(duì)，后文只是說其他國家可能會(huì)超過美國，但是沒有一定，C沒有說一定知道其他國家更了解，D錯(cuò)誤，是作者希望他們可以變成行業(yè)的領(lǐng)先者，但是還沒有成為也還在學(xué)習(xí)中；因此答案B正確。

15、【試題答案】D

【試題解析】文章推斷題。本題考查的是文章推斷題。通過全文的閱讀我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)全文的主題就是MIT大學(xué)對(duì)于管理層的培養(yǎng)心得以及未來的打算。A不對(duì)，從最后一段的最后幾句可以看出這個(gè)黑盒子是要管理者們自己去探索的；B也不對(duì)，B是美國管理者現(xiàn)在可能會(huì)面臨的問題，也就是被其他國家的管理者超過，因此不對(duì)；C項(xiàng)全文并未著筆，D項(xiàng)正確，因?yàn)槿亩加性谥v未來的經(jīng)理們要多學(xué)習(xí)各方面的知識(shí)，尤其是科技方面的，因?yàn)樗麄儾粌H需要管理能力，還需要有跨學(xué)科的能力，D正確。

4.單選題

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義題。題干：根據(jù)本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”說明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小時(shí)的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小時(shí)的睡眠。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：根據(jù)第3段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，別人生病后就會(huì)意識(shí)到多睡一小時(shí)的好處，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么會(huì)有所謂的“睡眠癱瘓癥”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠癱瘓癥”發(fā)生在大腦從快速眼動(dòng)周期喚醒時(shí)，身體仍保持不動(dòng)狀態(tài)，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)最后一段，下列哪個(gè)陳述是正確的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大腦一天產(chǎn)生的記憶是脆弱的，需要睡眠幫忙鞏固記憶。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：睡眠不足對(duì)人的身心有什么影響？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Hesuggestedthatweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.probable

B.sustainable

C.eligible

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)probable“很可能的，可信的”；B選項(xiàng)sustainable“可忍受的”；C選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的，有資格當(dāng)選的，符合條件的”；D選項(xiàng)feasible“可行的，可能的”。根據(jù)主句的意思“他建議我們把這個(gè)計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施”可知后面空格部分填入的形容詞意思為“可行的”，句意為：他建議我們把這個(gè)計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)施，因?yàn)樗芸尚?。選項(xiàng)D符合句子意思。

6.翻譯題

What’syourearliestmemory?Doyourememberlearningtowalk?Thebirthofasibling?Nurseryschool?Adultsrarelyremembereventsfrommuchbeforekindergarten,justaschildrenyoungerthan3or4seldomrecallanyspecificexperiences(asdistinctfromgeneralknowledge).Psychologistshavefloatedallsortsofexplanationsforthis“childhoodamnesia”.Thereductionistsappealedtotheneurological,arguingthatthehippocampus,thebrainregionresponsibleforformingmemories,doesn’tmatureuntilabouttheageof2.Butthereigningtheoryholdsthatsinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsarestuckwithgrown-up“schema”,thebarebonesofnarratives.Whentheyi.ilTlethroughthementalfilingcabinetinsearchoffratimentsofchildhoodmemoriestohangonthisnarrativeskeleton，accordingtothistheory,theydon’tfindanythatIt'sliketryingtofindaFrenchwordinanEnglishindex.(1)

NowpsychologistKatharineNelsonoftheCityUniversityofNewYorkoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.ShearguesthatChildrendon’tevenformlasting,long-termmemoriesuntiltheylearntousesomeoneelse’sdescriptionofthoseexperiencestoturntheirownshort-term，fleetingrecollectionsofthemintopermanentinemories.(2)Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthemhearMomrecountthatday’striptothedinosaurmuseum,hearDadrememberaloudtheirtriptotheamusementpark.

Whyshouldmemorydependsoheavilyonnarrative?Nelsonmarshalsevidencethatthemindstructuresremembrancesthatway.Childrenwhosemotherstalkabouttheday’sactivitiesastheywinddowntowardbedtime，forinstance，remembermoreoftheday’sspecialeventsthandochildrenwhosemothersdon’tofferthisnovelisticframework.(3)Talkingaboutaneventinanarrativewayhelpsachildrememberit.Andlearningtostructurememoriesasalong-runningnarrative，Nelsonsuggests，isthekeytoapermanent“autobiographicalmeinory’’，thespecificremembrancesthatfomione’slifestory.(4)(Whatyouhadforlunchyesterdayisn’tpartofit;whatyouateonyourfirstdatewithyourfuturespousemaybe.)

Language,ofcourse,isthekeytosuchanarrative.Childrenlearntoengageintalkaboutthepast.Theestablishmentofthesememoriesisrelatedtotheexperienceoftalkingtootherpeopleaboutthem.Inparticular,achildinustrecognizethataretellingofthatmuseumtrip，sayisjustthetripitselfinanothermedium，thatofspeechratherthanexperience.(5)Thatdoesn’thappenuntilthechildisperhapsfourorfive.Bythetimeshe’sreadyforkindergartenshe’llrememberallsortsofthings.Andshemayeven,bythen,havelearnednottoblurtthemoutinpublic.

【答案】1.根據(jù)這種理論，當(dāng)他們（即成年人）飛快地“翻閱大腦文件柜”希望通過尋找童年記憶的片斷來支撐這一敘事框架吋，他們找不到任何合適的記憶片斷。

2.她認(rèn)為，只有通過學(xué)習(xí)他人對(duì)那些經(jīng)歷的描述，從而將自己稍縱即逝的短期記憶變成永久性記憶，兒童才能形成持久的長期記憶。

3.例如，那些母親在臨睡前談?wù)撘惶斓幕顒?dòng)的孩子，比那些母親不提供這種小說框架的孩子對(duì)于一天的特殊事件記住得更多。

4.納爾遜提出，學(xué)會(huì)將記憶構(gòu)成一種長期存在的敘述，是形成永久性“自傳式記憶”(即構(gòu)成一個(gè)人生平故事的特定記憶)的關(guān)鍵。

5.尤其是兒童必須認(rèn)識(shí)到諸如博物館之旅的復(fù)述恰恰也是一次出行，只不過換了一種形式，用言語替代了經(jīng)歷。

7.單選題

Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare______freemedicalcare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.entitledto

B.involvedin

C.associatedwith

D.assignedto

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)entitledto“有權(quán)享有……；有……的資格”；B選項(xiàng)involvedin“涉及”；C選項(xiàng)associatedwith“與……有關(guān)”；D選項(xiàng)assignedto“被分配給……”。句意：眾所周知，我國的退休工人______免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是退休工人有免費(fèi)醫(yī)療的權(quán)利，A選項(xiàng)entitledto“有權(quán)享有……；有……的資格”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite（

）them.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。reflective反射的；沉思的；becomeskepticalof開始非常懷疑······；enamoredof迷戀；becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意：自相矛盾的是，羅賓遜對(duì)早期科幻作品價(jià)值的過度否認(rèn)表明她已經(jīng)開始非常懷疑它們。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合語境。

9.單選題

Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe（）betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profile

B.mighty

C.analogy

D.leakage

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。此處指的是電腦和人腦的相似之處。C項(xiàng)analogy（類似，相似）符合句意。

10.單選題

ThreedaysagoIreceivedane-mailfromtheconferenceorganizersapologizingthelast-minutechangesintheschedule;theysoundedgenuinelyembarrassedatthedisorderin

theirplanning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apologizingthe

B.last-minute

C.changesin

D.sounded

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。Apologizing后加for。Apologize是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面接賓語時(shí)要加介詞for。

11.單選題

Itwasn'tuntilthelate19thcenturythatphysiciansrealizedthatits_______symptomswereallpartofthesamedisease.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfunctory

B.peremptory

C.perplexing

D.perambulatory

【答案】C

【解析】perfunctory敷衍的;peremptory強(qiáng)制的,專橫的;perplexing復(fù)雜的,令人困惑的;perambulatory巡視的。句意：直到19世紀(jì)末,醫(yī)生們才意識(shí)到,這些令人費(fèi)解的癥狀都是同一種疾病的一部分。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意為“我的童年吋期沒有冰箱，但我還是吃得不錯(cuò)而且吃得很健康”之后的部分講到雖然沒有冰箱但也沒有出現(xiàn)食物浪費(fèi)和食物腐爛的情況，由此可知第二段的首句話是為了說明雖然那時(shí)候沒有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即選項(xiàng)A。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都來，雜貨商、屠夫、面包師和賣冰淇淋的人—周來送貨兩到三次。肉可以從星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶將變成各種各樣的小點(diǎn)心。任何東西都不會(huì)被浪費(fèi)，而且我們從不會(huì)為了腐爛的食物而煩惱。因此可知在冰箱發(fā)明之前不會(huì)有東西的浪費(fèi)是因?yàn)槿藗冋莆樟擞行У氖Ｓ嗍澄锏姆椒?故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:冰箱的發(fā)明對(duì)食物的保存并沒有起到太多的作用，在冰箱發(fā)明之前已經(jīng)有像自然冷卻、鹽腌等多種食物保存方法。冰箱的發(fā)明正在促進(jìn)的是電力、軟飲料、動(dòng)物死尸的銷量并且在后文中作者還講到了冰箱對(duì)生活環(huán)境造成的影響，故可以推斷出在作者看來對(duì)于冰箱的發(fā)明，最沒有受益的就是消費(fèi)者。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:冰箱對(duì)環(huán)境的影響一直都是顯著的，而它帶給人類的幸福卻是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己試試看，做一個(gè)存放食物的櫥柜，下個(gè)冬天關(guān)掉你的冰箱。你或許吃不到漢堡，但是至少能擺脫那可怕的噪音。故選A“不斷產(chǎn)生噪聲”。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章中作者提到童年時(shí)期沒有冰箱，但是還是吃得不錯(cuò)而且很健康，并且當(dāng)時(shí)食物也儲(chǔ)存的很好，不會(huì)造成浪費(fèi)。最后兩段中,作者認(rèn)為世界上絕大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它們的熱帶地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是在那些富有氣候溫和的國家出現(xiàn)，這些國家?guī)缀醪恍枰帽??？梢钥闯鲎髡邔?duì)于冰箱是批判性的。

13.單選題

Itisfoundbyscientiststhatthediseasethatcausescoldcanbe

byairandbyclosecontact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitted

B.infected

C.transformed

D.transferred

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Transmit“傳輸”；infect“感染，傳染”；transform“改變，變形”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓”。句意：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，引起感冒的疾病可以通過空氣和密切接觸傳染。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)advisable“可取的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；D選項(xiàng)applicable“適用的”。句意：一般來說，學(xué)生在住房上的開銷應(yīng)該占總共______開銷的五分之一。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在所擁有的開銷中，住房占五分之一，available“可獲得的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂意的”，需與be動(dòng)詞搭配，故排除C、D選項(xiàng)。studentsandteachersalike為插入語，是對(duì)主語everybody的解釋說明，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife（1）commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumansseemverymuchthesame.

However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:（2）itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.（3）toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody―wearenotan（4）animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,（5）hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmenttohelpustogetit.Inthepurelyphysical（6）ourspeciesseemsapoor（7）forsurvival.

Butwehavesurvived-survivedandmultipliedand（8）theearth.Somedaywewillhavea（9）livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.（10）itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant（11）Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan（12）objectswithaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother（13）.Mostimportantly,wehavealargebrainwithanalmost（14）numberofneural（15）.

Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArctic,wesupplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed（16）clothing,shelter,and（17）heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand（18）deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupplynecessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.

Itwasnotalways（19）.Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno（20）andlackedthephysicalcapacitytouseit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.processes

B.acts

C.modes

D.procedures

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.On

B.With

C.For

D.By

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Stripped

B.Pared

C.Peeled

D.Removed

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.intelligent

B.impressive

C.influential

D.incentive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.barely

B.hardly

C.nearly

D.scarcely

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.judgment

C.perspective

D.sense

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.bet

B.chance

C.fact

D.luck

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.scattered

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.residence

B.colony

C.home

D.empire

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.Apartfrom

B.Withregardto

C.Withtheexceptionof

D.Inspiteof

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.abilities

B.potentials

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.maneuver

B.manage

C.manipulate

D.manufacture

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.animal

B.animals

C.creatures

D.creature44.

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.infinite

B.unknown

C.boundless

D.ceaseless

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.connections

B.relations

C.activities

D.accesses

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.by

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.fake

C.unreal

D.unauthentic

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.addup

B.breakup

C.makeup

D.cutup

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.thus

C.hence

D.that

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.intellect

B.equipment

C.competence

D.culture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查名詞詞義辨析。process“過程；進(jìn)行；步驟”；act“行動(dòng)；法令，法案；（戲劇，歌劇的）一幕”；mode“模式；方式；風(fēng)格”；procedure“程序；手續(xù)；步驟”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵何覀兒粑?、進(jìn)食、消化和重現(xiàn)生命過程的這些模式與動(dòng)物非常像。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查固定搭配。byitself“獨(dú)自”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。strip“剝奪；剝?nèi)ァ保籶are“消減；削皮；剪；修掉（邊等）”；peel“剝落；削”；remove“移動(dòng)；遷移”。空格處所在句子的句意是：脫掉我們的衣服，露出赤裸的人類身體，我們不再是給人印象深刻的一種動(dòng)物。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（4）考查形容詞詞義辨析。空格處所在句子的句意參考第33題，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（5）考查副詞詞義辨析。barely“僅僅”；hardly“幾乎不”；nearly“幾乎；密切地”；scarcely“幾乎不”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵何覀兪且环N熱情的生物，身上幾乎沒有毛，對(duì)冷很敏感。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考查固定搭配。inthesense“從這種意義上來說”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查名詞詞義辨析。bet“打賭，賭注”；chance“機(jī)會(huì)”；fact“事實(shí)”；luck“運(yùn)氣”。空格處所在句子的句意是：從物體的意義上來說，我們這個(gè)物種在生存上似乎不是一個(gè)好的賭注。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fill“裝滿；充滿；擠滿”；load“使擔(dān)負(fù)”；stuff“塞滿；填塞”；scatter“使散開；使散播”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)時(shí)我們生存下來了，數(shù)量不斷增加，并且擠滿在世界的各個(gè)地方。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（9）考查邏輯關(guān)系。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到oureventualmooncolony“我們最后的月球聚居地”。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（10）考查介詞詞組辨析。apartfrom“除······之外”；withregardto“關(guān)于，至于”；withtheexceptionof“除了······之外”；inspiteof“盡管”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵罕M管我們的身體有很多局限，但是我們的身體設(shè)備有很多的潛能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）考查名詞詞義辨析。ability“能力”；potential“潛能”；capability“才能，能力”；possibility“可能性”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第40題，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。maneuver“機(jī)動(dòng)；演習(xí)”；manage“管理；經(jīng)營”；manipulate“操縱；操作”；manufacture“制造；加工；捏造”?？崭裉幘渥铀诰湟猓何覀冇兄鴺O好的視力和一雙能精確使用物體上的雙手，這是其他動(dòng)物無法相比的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（13）考查名詞詞義辨析。空格處所在句子的句意參考第42題。根據(jù)空格前的anyother可知空格處需要填入一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（14）考查形容詞詞義辨析。infinite“無限的，無窮的”；unknown“未知的；不出名的”；boundless“無限的，無邊無際的”；ceaseless“不斷的；不停的”。空格處所在句子的句意是：更重要的是，我們擁有幾乎無限數(shù)量神經(jīng)連接的大腦。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（15）考查名詞詞義辨析。空格處所在句子的句意參考第44題。選項(xiàng)A