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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽信息工程學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,coal,petroleum,andgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasingrate.Thesupplyofthese(1)islimited,andelectricpowerisvery(2)inmanyplaces.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyistheonly(3)whichcanmeettheworld’senormous(4)forpower.

Greatprogresshadbeenmadeinharnessingthesun.Notonlyisthesunnowusedincooking,(5)italsosuppliespowerfor(6)thingsasbeaconlightsforshipsandairplanes.It(7)telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks,hearingaids,andevencommunication.SomehomesandofficebuildingsintheUnitedStatesarenowbeing(8)withsolarenergy.

Thethreemostsignificanttypesofsolarequipment(9)arethefurnace,thestill,andthecell.Solarfurnacesheatwaterorair,(10)isthencirculatedthroughabuildingtomakeitcomfortable.

Solarstillsare(11)importantbecausetheycanprovide(12)wateratarelativelycheaprate.Saltcaneasilybe(13)fromseawaterwithasolarstill.

Themosthighlydevelopedtypeofsolar(14)equipmentisthesolarcell.Somecellsareso(15)thattheycanturn16percentoftheenergytheyreceivefromthesun(16)electricenergy.Oneofthecell’sbiggestadvantagesis(17)itcanbemadeeithersmallenoughtocarry(18)largeenoughtoproduceacurrentthatcanrunanautomobile.Besides,ithasaverylonglife.Itisstilltooexpensiveforthe(19)consumerbutwhenwaysare(20)toproduceitmorecheaply,wecanexpectitsusetobewide-spread.

問題1選項

A.materials

B.ores

C.reserves

D.fuels

問題2選項

A.abundant

B.adequate

C.scarce

D.rare

問題3選項

A.means

B.source

C.solution

D.resource

問題4選項

A.need

B.desire

C.necessity

D.supply

問題5選項

A.moreover

B.besides

C.however

D.but

問題6選項

A.some

B.many

C.such

D.these

問題7選項

A.connects

B.operates

C.drives

D.manufactures

問題8選項

A.heated

B.burnt

C.equipped

D.built

問題9選項

A.eversince

B.nowonder

C.inall

D.sofar

問題10選項

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

問題11選項

A.specially

B.especially

C.essentially

D.specifically

問題12選項

A.fresh

B.healthy

C.boiled

D.cool

問題13選項

A.dissolved

B.distinguished

C.divided

D.removed

問題14選項

A.electric

B.electronic

C.power

D.heating

問題15選項

A.powerful

B.resourceful

C.efficient

D.reliable

問題16選項

A.through

B.into

C.by

D.with

問題17選項

A.how

B.that

C.because

D.which

問題18選項

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.too

問題19選項

A.tipical

B.normal

C.average

D.general

問題20選項

A.discovered

B.invented

C.disclosed

D.revealed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】(1)考查名詞詞義辨析。從上下文可知,these指的是前面提到的coal,petroleum,gas這幾種燃料,所以空格處應該也填寫表示燃料的詞。選項D符合題意。

(2)考查形容詞詞義辨析。abundant“豐富的”;adequate“充足的”;scarce“缺乏的,不足的”;rare“稀有的”。前文提到這些燃料有限,and后面的“electricpower”應該與前文燃料一樣有限,所以選項C符合題意。

(3)考查名詞詞義辨析。語意:一些科學家認為太陽能會是唯一_____能夠滿足世界對能源的強烈_______。太陽能屬于一種能源,所以source符合題意。means“手段,方法”;solution“解決方法”;resource“資源”,比如人力資源。選項B符合題意。

(4)考查固定搭配。Meettheneedfor滿足······的需求。語意:一些科學家認為太陽能會是唯一一種能源能夠滿足世界對能源的強烈需求。選項A符合題意。

(5)考查固定搭配。Notonly…butalso為固定搭配,also可以省略,意識是“既······又······”。所以選項D符合題意。

(6)考查固定搭配。such…as…意思是“像······這樣”。選項C符合題意。

(7)考查動詞詞義辨析。與telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks搭配的動詞只有operate,選項B符合題意。connect“連接”;drive“推動”;manufacture“制造”。

(8)考查動詞詞義辨析。heat“加熱”;burn“燃燒”;equip“裝備,配備”;build“建造”。根據(jù)上下文可知這里闡述的是太陽能的另一個用途:取暖。選項A符合題意。

(9)考查詞組辨析。eversince“自從······以來”;nowonder“怪不得”;inall“總共,共計”;sofar“到目前為止”。將各個詞組的意思代入到句子中,選項D符合題意。

(10)考查語法知識。逗號前面是一個完整的句子,所以空格所處的句子是非限制性定語從句。只有which能夠引導非限制性定語從句,所以選項C符合題意。

(11)考查副詞詞義辨析。specially“專門地”;especially“尤其,特別”;essentially“本質(zhì)上”;specifically“明確地”。空格中的副詞是用來修飾important這個單詞,來表示程度,“尤其重要”,選項B符合題意。

(12)考查形容詞詞義辨析。fresh“新鮮的;淡水的”;healthy“健康的”;boiled“煮沸的”;cool“涼爽的,冷靜的”。根據(jù)后面一句Saltcaneasilybe_fromseawater,主語是salt,可知空格處是通過蒸餾來獲取freshwater“淡水”,選項A符合題意。

(13)考查動詞詞義辨析??崭袼诰涞闹髡Z是salt,語意:鹽通過太陽能蒸餾器能夠很容易從海水中分離出來。選項D符合題意。dissolve“溶解”,一般指固體溶解在液體中;distinguish“區(qū)分”;divide“分割”;remove“移除”。

(14)考查名詞詞義辨析。electric“電”;electronic“電子”;power“電力;動力”;heating“暖氣”。結(jié)合下文可知,太陽能蓄電池(solarcell)可以產(chǎn)生電能(electricenergy),所以solarcell是一種動力設備,選項C符合題意。

(15)考查形容詞詞義辨析。powerful“強有力的”;resourceful“資源豐富的”;efficient“效率高的”;reliable“可靠的”。后面提到16%的電能轉(zhuǎn)化率,所以空格處是說明效率高,選項C符合題意。

(16)考查動詞詞組固定搭配。turn······into…“將······轉(zhuǎn)化為······”。選項B符合題意。

(17)考查語法知識。空格處的連接詞引導一個表語從句,從句句子完整,所以填入關系代詞that。選項B符合題意。

(18)考查固定搭配。either······or······“要么······要么······”。選項C符合題意。

(19)考查形容詞詞義辨析。typical“典型的”;normal“正常的”;average“平均的”;general“一般的,普通的”。句意:對于_____消費者來說太陽能電池還有太貴了。averagepeople“普通人”符合題意。選項C符合題意。

(20)考查動詞搭配??崭裉巹釉~要能夠與way搭配。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”;invent“發(fā)明”;disclose“公開”;reveal“揭露”。ways在這里是“方法”的意思,所以選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto(

)herinvitationtotheparty.

問題1選項

A.refute

B.reject

C.return

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。refute“駁倒,反駁,用證據(jù)證明是假的”;reject“拒絕,謝絕,指斷然拒絕接受某人或某物或要求”;return“返回”;decline“婉拒”。句意:他擔心他將不得不拒絕她的參加聚會的邀請。婉拒符合題意。故D項正確。

3.不定項選擇題

Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconvention,oratleastonthebeginningsofthese.Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.Inliterature,inmusic,inthevisualarts,inthesciences,insocialthinking,inphilosophy,thiskindofdevelopmenthasoccurredagainandagain.Itoftentakesalongtimetogetthrough,andformanypeopleitwillremaindifficult.Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.Whileamanisengagedinthisstruggletosaynewthingsinnewways,heisusuallymorethaneverconcentratedontheactualwork,andnotonitspossibleaudience.Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.

Inthissenseitistruethatitisthedutyofsocietytocreateconditionsinwhichsuchmencanlive.Forwhateverthevalueofanyindividualcontribution,thegeneralbodyofworkisofimmensevaluetoeveryone.Butofcoursethingsarenotsoformal,inreality.Thereisnotsocietyontheonehandandtheseindividualsontheother.Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.Hisabilitytomakehisworkpublicdependsontheactualcommunicationsystem:thelanguageitself,orcertainvisualormusicalorscientificconventions,andtheinstitutionsthroughwhichthecommunicationwillbepassed.Theeffectoftheseonhisactualworkcanbealmostinfinitelyvariable.Foritisnotonlyacommunicationsystemoutsidehim;itisalso,howeveroriginalhemaybe,acommunicationsystemwhichisinfactpartofhimself.Manycontributorsmakeactiveuseofthiskindofinternalcommunicationsystem.Itistothemselves,inaway,thattheyfirstshowtheirconceptions,playtheirmusic,andpresenttheirarguments.Ifonemindhasgraspedit,thenitmaybeopentootherminds.

Thehistorianisalsocontinuallystruckbythefactthatmenofthiskindfeltisolatedattheverytimewheninrealitytheywerebeginningtogetthrough.Thiscanalsobenoticedinourowntime,whensomeofthemostdeeplyinfluentialmenfeelisolatedandevenrejected.Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.

1.Creativeartistsandthinkersachievecommunicationby().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat().

3.Acommoncharacteristicofartistsandscientistsinvolvedincreativeworkisthat().

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

5.Itisimpliedattheendofthepassagethathighlyoriginalindividualsfeelisolatedbecausethey().

問題1選項

A.dependingonsharedconventions

B.fashioningtheirownconventions

C.adjustingtheirpersonalfeelings

D.elaboratingacommonlanguage

問題2選項

A.philosophicalthinkingcontributestotheformulationofconventions

B.humancreativityissometimesunderestimated

C.developmentinliteraturefollowssimilarwaystothatofsciences

D.theroleofconventionsincommunicationisnotwellrecognized

問題3選項

A.theycareaboutthepossiblereactiontotheirwork

B.publicresponseisoneoftheprimaryconceits

C.theyarekeenlyawareofpublicinterestintheirwork

D.theyareindifferenttowardresponsetotheirwork

問題4選項

A.Individualcontributionscombinedpossessgreatsignificancetothepublic.

B.Goodcontributorsdon’tneglecttheuseofinternalcommunicationsystem.

C.Everyoneexceptthoseoriginalpeoplecomesundertheinfluenceofsociety.

D.Knowinghowtocommunicateisuniversalamonghumanbeings.

問題5選項

A.failtoacknowledgeanduseanacceptableformofcommunication

B.actuallydifferfromotherindividualsinthesameperiod

C.havelittleincommonwiththesocietyofthetime

D.refusetoadmitparallelsbetweenthemselvesandthesociety

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.但通常,特別是對原創(chuàng)藝術家和思想家來說,問題在某種程度上是創(chuàng)造一種語言,或創(chuàng)造一種慣例,或至少是發(fā)展語言和慣例,使它們能夠承載它們的精確意義。”可知B項“形成他們自己的習俗”與原文相符。A項“根據(jù)共享的約定”,原文并沒有相關表達;C項“調(diào)整他們的個人情感”,原文并沒有相關表達;D項“闡述共同的語言”,原文并沒有相關表達。因此B選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段第六句“Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.但是我們永遠不要認為它是不可能的;創(chuàng)造力比我們有時想象的要強大得多。”可知B項“人類的創(chuàng)造力有時被低估了”與原文相符。A項“哲學思維有助于慣例的形成”,原文并沒有相關表達;C項“文學的發(fā)展遵循與科學的發(fā)展相似的方式”,原文并沒有相關表達;D項“習俗在溝通中的作用沒有得到很好的認可”,原文并沒有相關表達。因此B選項正確。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.許多藝術家和科學家都有這種根本的不關心他們的作品會以何種方式被接受的想法。”可知D項“他們對別人對他們工作的反應漠不關心”與原文相符。A項“他們關心對他們工作的可能反應”,原文并沒有相關表達;B項“公眾的反應是主要的自負之一”,原文并沒有相關表達;C項“他們強烈地意識到公眾對他們工作的興趣”,原文并沒有相關表達。因此D選項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段第五句“Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.在日常生活中,在他的工作中,捐助者參與了他的社會生活。社會生活常常以微小的方式影響著他,有時影響是如此深遠,以至他自己都沒有意識到?!笨芍狢項“除有獨創(chuàng)性的人之外,所有人都受社會的影響”與原文相符。A項“結(jié)合在一起的個人貢獻對公眾有重要意義”,原文并沒有相關表達;B項“好的貢獻者不會忽視內(nèi)部溝通系統(tǒng)的使用”,原文并沒有相關表達;D選項“知道如何溝通是人類的共性”,原文并沒有相關表達。因此C選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.社會和交流是存在的,但很難識別它們,很難確定?!迸c第一段中“Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.許多藝術家和科學家都有這種根本的不關心他們的作品會以何種方式被接受的想法?!笨芍狝項“未能承認和使用一種可接受的交流方式”與原文相符。B項“實際上不同于同一時期的其他個體”,原文并沒有相關表達;C項“與當時的社會幾乎沒有共同點”,原文并沒有相關表達;D項“拒絕承認自己與社會的相似之處”,原文并沒有相關表達。因此A選項正確。

4.翻譯題

給予最重要的意義并不在于物質(zhì)方面,而尤其在于人性方面。一個人會給予另一個人什么呢?他把自己擁有的最珍貴的東西給予別人,把自己的生命給予別人。這不一定意味著他要為別人而犧牲自己的生命,而是指他把自己身上的存在的東西給予別人,把自己的快樂、理解、知識、幽默、哀愁,把他身上存在的所有東西表露和顯現(xiàn)給別人。在他把自己的生命給予別人的同時,他豐富了別人的生命。通過提高自己的生存感,他會提高別人的生存感。他不是為了獲取才給予;給予本身就是一種強烈的快樂。當然,在給予中,他不知不覺地使別人身上某些東西得到新生,這種新生的東西反過來又給他帶來了新的希望;在真誠的給予中,他無意識地得到了別人給他的回饋。給予暗示了讓對方也成為給予者;雙方共同分享他們已使某些東西得到了新生的快樂。在給予的行為中,某種東西得以新生,而對于這新生事物,涉及的雙方都充滿感激之情。僅就愛而言,這意味著愛是一種能產(chǎn)生愛的力量;沒有(這種)力量就不會產(chǎn)生愛。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Themostimportantmeaningofgivingdoesnotlieinthematerialaspect,butespeciallyinthehumanaspect.Whatdoesapersongivetoanotherperson?Hegivestoothersthemostpreciousthinghepossesses,giveshislifetoothers.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthathesacrificeshislifeforothers,butthathegivestootherswhatexistsinhim,hisjoy,hisunderstanding,hisknowledge,hishumor,hissorrow,allthatisinhimtoshowandmanifest.Ashegiveshislifetoothers,heenrichesthelifeofothers.Byenhancinghisownsenseofbeing,hewouldenhancethesenseofbeingofothers.Hedoesnotgiveinordertoacquire;givingitselfisastrongpleasure.Ofcourse,ingiving,heunwittinglybringssomethingtolifeintheother,andthisnewlifeinturngiveshimnewhope;ingivingsincerely,heunconsciouslyreceiveswhatothersgivebacktohim.Givingimpliesthattheotherpersonbecomesagivertoo;bothpartiessharethejoythattheyhavebroughtsomethingtolife.Intheactofgiving,somethingisborn,andbothpartiesinvolvedaregratefulforthatbirth.Inthecaseoflovealone,thismeansthatloveisaforcethatproduceslove;withoutit,therewillbenolove.

5.不定項選擇題

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelpstoo.Researcherssaybecauseitinstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourstutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisuo-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,andplayingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

1.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses().

2.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(paragraph1)refersto().

3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

4.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat()mighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat().

問題1選項

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

問題2選項

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalsimulating

D.intellectualfunction

問題3選項

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardofliving

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

問題5選項

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“thereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines有證據(jù)表明,保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡有關的衰退”,可知A項與原文相符。A項“智力的刺激在防止智力老化方面的作用”;B項“隨著年齡的增長心智能力逐漸喪失”,與原文不符;C項“智力功能和空間技能之間的關系”,與原文不符;D項“保持智力活力的有效方式”,與原文不符,因此A選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe‘useitorloseit’philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.研究人員對‘要么使用它,要么失去它’的理論是否適用于認知老化持不同意見,但有證據(jù)表明,保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡有關的衰退?!笨赏浦猧t在這里指代“智力的能力”。A項“腦力”;B項“認知的發(fā)展”;C項“腦力的模擬”;D項“智力功能”,因此A選項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction幸運地沒有患慢性疾病的人在智力功能方面可能進展得更好”可知B項“慢性疾病”與原文相符;由第一段中“thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter那些足夠幸運的相對富裕的人也過得更好”可知C項“生活水平”與原文相符;由第二段中“Educationhelpstoo教育也有幫助”可知A項“教育”與原文相符,A、B、C選項均正確。A項“教育”;B項“慢性疾病”;C項“生活水平”;D項“以上所有各項”,因此D選項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第五段中“Otherwaystostaysharp…playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.還有其他保持思維敏捷的方法……比如靠記憶打橋牌,或者在家與電視游戲節(jié)目中的玩家斗智。”可知B項“社會聯(lián)系”與原文相符。A項“身體鍛煉”;B項“社會聯(lián)系”;C項“固定的日常生活”;D項“健康的飲食”,因此B選項正確。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.雖然隨著年齡的增長,你可能會失去一些心智能力,但你也會在一個關鍵領域獲得收獲:智慧。在40、50,甚至60歲,心智力都在不斷增長?!保芍狝項“智慧可以被認為是完全由生活經(jīng)驗發(fā)展而來的能力和知識的一種特殊形式”、B項“即使大腦開始老化,智慧仍然會增長”及D項“智慧是腦力的重要組成部分”均與原文相符;而C項“智慧的重要性高于歸納推理和空間技能等心理技能”原文并未提及,因此C選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Weweregreatlysurprisedbytheway___thingsweredonehere.

問題1選項

A.what

B.inwhich

C.as

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。本句主語是we,謂語為詞組weresurprisedby,賓語theway;thingsweredonehere屬于完整的句子,根據(jù)句意可知修飾theway;結(jié)合四個選項可知空格處要填入從句關系詞。判斷出此處考查theway+從句的固定用法:theway后引導定語從句的關系詞有三種:1.that;2.inwhich;3.省略。句意:我們對這里的做法感到非常驚訝。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality.”

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities-“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardworkevenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion.”Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood’’,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal'sPensees,whichconcludes:“tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother”.Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality,theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.Walzer'sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer'sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism-namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapacitysociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialterms,disproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

2.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT().

3.Theauthor'sinterpretationoftheprinciplethat“weowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities(Para.3)suggestthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybethedutypairedwiththequalityofveracity?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer'sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits().

5.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項

A.arguethatWalzer'scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer'sthinking

B.identityandtodeprecatetheoriginsoftheintellectualtraditionchampionedby

C.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessayInDefenseofEqualitythedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer'spolitico-economictheories

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer'spositiononeconomicequality

問題2選項

A.properlevelofasociety'swealth

B.properinterpretationof"economicequality"

C.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism"thetyrannyofmoney"

問題3選項

A.Dignity

B.Affection

C.Trust

D.Obedience

問題4選項

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone'srewards

B.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

C.provenvalidity

D.emphasisonequality

問題5選項

A.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

B.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatpracticalstepsdoesWalzersuggestbetakentorelievetheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要目的是什么?”文章第一段提出沃爾則對自由資本主義的批判的主要主題之一就是它的不平等(OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian);第二段和第三段概述和分析了他的經(jīng)濟平等的觀點,因此選項D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“除了以下哪一項,其他都是沃爾則提出的?”文章第二段提到“那些出類拔萃的人應該得到與其能力相稱的待遇”(Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence),因此可知選項C在文章中被提及,排除;文章第二段提到“每種品質(zhì)都應該得到適當?shù)膱蟪辏虼?,需要一個合適的物質(zhì)分配來反映出人類不同品質(zhì)的差別”(Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales),由此可知選項B在文章中被提及,排除;文章第三段提到“據(jù)此,沃爾則將資本主義描述為金錢(或賺錢能力)的暴政”(Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)),由此可知選項D在文章中被提及,排除。綜上,選項A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者對‘我們對不同的品質(zhì)負有不同的責任’這一原則的解釋表明,下列哪一項最有可能與誠實品質(zhì)相對應的責任?”文章第三段第二句話提到“帕斯卡認為,我們對不同的品質(zhì)負有不同的責任,所以我們可以說,迷戀是對魅力的正確反應,敬畏是對力量的正確反應”(Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength),由此可知對“誠實品質(zhì)”正確的反應是“信賴”,因此選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認為沃爾則對于按勞分配原則的解釋是獨特的,是因為……”文章第二段提到了人們表現(xiàn)出的各種品質(zhì),比如智力、體力、敏捷、優(yōu)雅、藝術創(chuàng)造力、領導能力、耐力、記憶力、洞察力等等,每種品質(zhì)都值得回報,因此需要一個適合的物質(zhì)分配來反映出不同品質(zhì)的差別(Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales),因此選項B“構(gòu)成品質(zhì)的廣義的概念”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“文章為解答下列哪個問題提供了充足的信息?”文章第二段提到“然而在資本主義制度下,賺錢能力使其擁有者獲得機會所有其他類型的社會福利,比如他人的尊重和自尊”(Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers);文章第三段提到“據(jù)此,沃爾則將資本主義描述為金錢(或賺錢能力)的暴政”(Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)),由此可知選項A“沃爾則認為自由資本主義下高估了的那些品質(zhì)”符合題意。

8.單選題

Politicallythesenationstendtobe(

),withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.

問題1選項

A.unstable

B.reluctant

C.rational

D.unsteady

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這些國家出生率很高而教育和文化水平低下,所以政治上不穩(wěn)定。

形容詞辨析。Unstable不穩(wěn)定的,不牢固的;reluctant不情愿的,勉強的;rational合理的,理性的;unsteady不安定的,反復無常的。因此A符合句意。

9.單選題

“Letmesendyouourbrochure”isprobablythemostcommonlyusedphraseinbusiness.Butalltoooften,itcanspelltheendofacustomerenquirybecausemanybrochuresappeartobeproducednottoclarifyandtoexcitebuttoconfuse.Sowhatgoeswrongandhowcanitbeputright?Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestionslike,“Whowillthebrochurebesentto?”“Whatdowewanttoachievewithit?”Thetruthisthatabrochurehasusuallybeenproducedfornootherreasonthanthatthecompetitionhasone.

However,withalittleresearch,itoftentranspiresthatwhattheclientwantsisamixture:partmailshot,partglossycorporatebrochureandpartproductcatalogue—acombinationrarelyfound.Havingsaidthat,thebudgetislikelytobefinite.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.Theotherrequirementswillhavetobemetinadifferentway.Afterall,introducingthecompany’sproductrangetonewcustomersbymailisadifferenttaskfromsellinganewseason’scollectiontoexistingcustomers.

Thesecondtaskistogetthecontentright.In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext,oratleasttidyitup—andthisshows.Abiggerfailingistoproduceabrochurethatisnotcustomerfocused.Yourbrochureshouldcoverareas

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