考研考博-英語-安徽新華學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽新華學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】compulsoryschooling指義務教育,為習慣用法。compelling引人注目的；forced強迫的；obliged感激的,有責任的；compulsory義務的,必修的。句意：和在英國其他地方一樣,蘇格蘭的義務教育從5歲開始,到16歲結束。選項D正確。

2.單選題

______naturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.

問題1選項

A.Scientific

B.Animate

C.Good

D.Large

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項Scientific“科學的”；B選項Animate“有生命的”；C選項Good“良好的”；D選項Large“大量的；廣泛的”。句意：______的物種是指所有有生命的動植物。根據(jù)語境，B選項Animate“有生命的”比較符合語境，這里是在解釋有生命的物種是什么，符合題意。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（

）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

問題1選項

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】sentimental傷感的，多愁善感的；affectionate深情的，充滿愛的；intimate親密的，精通的；sensitive敏感的，易受傷害的。句意：所有的海上石油探測者讀到家人寫的充滿愛的信時，都會情緒高漲。選項B符合語境。

4.單選題

Manyforeignstudentshavethe（

）beliefthatBritishEnglishissomehowmorepureandperfectthanAmericanEnglish.

問題1選項

A.indistinct

B.subjective

C.erroneous

D.communistic

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。indistinct“不清楚的，模糊的”；subjective“主觀的”；erroneous“錯誤的”；communistic“共產(chǎn)主義的”。句意：英式英語較美式英語更加純正、更加完美。根據(jù)常識，這一觀點是錯誤的。選項C符合句意。

5.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInformationExplosion.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Currentsituationofinformationexplosion;

2.Advantagesofinformationexplosion;

3.Disadvantagesofinformationexplosion;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】InformationExplosion

Itisknowntoallthatoursisaninformationera,inwhichinformationisavailablethroughmanychannels,suchasbooks,newspapers,magazines,radioandTVstationsandtheInternet.Therapidincreaseintheamountofpublishedinformationandtheeffectsofthisabundanceofdataareknownasinformationexplosion.Toomuchinformationhasinevitablybecomeaheavyburdentosomepeople’sspirituallifebecausetheydonotknowwhatinformationtoturnto.

Thereisnodoubtthatinformationexplosionhasitsadvantages.Asmentionedearlier,wecangetinformationthroughmanychannels.Forexample,ifwewanttocollectinformationconcerningawell-knownproduct,wecandosobyreadingnewspapers,magazines,watchingTVorsurfingtheInternet.Thegreatestadvantageofinformationexplosionliesintheconvenienceithasofferedus.

However,informationexplosionhasitsdisadvantages.Forinstance,newspapers,magazines,radioandTVstations,andtheInternetareabletoprovideuswithaseaofinformation,facedwithwhichwehavegreatdifficultyinselectinginformationsuitableforus.

Onthebasisoftheaboveanalysis,itcanbeconcludedthatinformationexplosionisamixedblessing.Asfarasweareconcerned,wemustnotbenervousinthefaceofinformationexplosion.Whatreallycountsistolearntofiltertheinformationwehavegot.Inotherwords,wemustlearntodistinguishtrueinformationfromfalseinformation,differentiateusefulinformationfromharmfulinformation.

6.單選題

Hermanisveryadroitathandlingpeople.Heisa(an)（

）manwhoisabletoexpresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely.

問題1選項

A.dedicate

B.articulate

C.exasperate

D.formulate

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項dedicate“致力，獻身”；B選項articulate“善于表達的；口才好的”；C選項exasperate“激怒，惡化”；D選項formulate“規(guī)劃，制定”。A、C、D都為動詞，不可填入空格部分。根據(jù)后面關鍵詞“expresshisthoughtsanddesiresveryprecisely準確地表達自己的思想和愿望”，可知空格部分形容詞的意思應該是“善表達的”，句意為：赫爾曼很善于與人打交道。他是個能言善辯的人，能把自己的想法準確表達出來。故正確答案選B。

7.單選題

1.（

）

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.

2.（

）

Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere“l(fā)imitstogrowth”.Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-45WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.

3.（

）

However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.

4.（

）

Althoughthelanguageof“rights”sometimesleadstoconfusion,bythelate1970sitwasrecognizedinmostsocietiesthatpeoplehavearighttohealth-care(thoughtherehasbeenconsiderableresistanceintheUnitedStatestotheideathatthereisaformalrighttohealth-care).Itisalsoacceptedthatthisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.Putanotherway,basichealth-careisnowrecognizedasa“publicgood”,ratherthana“privategood”thatoneisexpectedtobuyforoneself.Asthe1976declarationoftheWorldHealthOrganizationputit:“Theenjoymentofthehighestattainablestandardofhealthisoneofthefundamentalrightsofeveryhumanbeingwithoutdistinctionofrace,religion,politicalbelief,economicorsocialcondition.”Ashasjustbeenremarked,inaliberalsocietybasichealthisseenasoneoftheindispensableconditionsfortheexerciseofpersonalautonomy.

5.（

）

Justatthetimewhenitbecameobviousthathealth-careresourcescouldnotpossiblymeetthedemandsbeingmadeuponthem,peopleweredemandingthattheirfundamentalrighttohealth-carebesatisfiedbythestate.Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchangeswhichhavemeant,totakeoneexample,thatelderlypeoplearenowmajor(andrelativelyveryexpensive)consumersofhealth-careresources.ThusinOECDcountriesasawhole,healthcostsincreasedfrom3.8%ofGDPin1960to7%ofGDPin1980,andithasbeenpredictedthattheproportionofhealthcoststoGDPwillcontinuetoincrease.(IntheUSthecurrentfigureisabout12%ofGDP,andinAustraliaabout7.8%ofGDP.)

Asaconsequence,duringthe1980sakindofdoomsdayscenario(analogoustosimilardoomsdayextrapolationsaboutenergyneedsandfossilfuelsoraboutpopulationincreases)wasprojectedbyhealthadministrator,economistsandpoliticians.Inthisscenario,ever-risinghealthcostswerematchedagainststaticordecliningresources.

問題1選項

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問題2選項

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問題3選項

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問題4選項

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

問題5選項

A.Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights

B.Thedevelopmentofmarket-basedhealthsystems

C.Theroleofthestateinhealth-care

D.Aproblemsharedbyeveryeconomicallydevelopedcountry

E.Theimpactofrecentchange

F.Theviewsofthemedicalestablishment

G.Theendofanillusion

H.Sustainableeconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:H

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:E

【解析】1.根據(jù)SectionA第一句，“Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide…”，可知本段在介紹每個經(jīng)濟發(fā)達社會中的健康衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)都要面臨的問題。所以“problem”為關鍵詞，選項ⅳ符合題意。

2.根據(jù)SectionB中第二句，“…thereemergedanawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.”西方社會逐漸認識到，礦物燃料資源是有限的，自然或環(huán)境維持經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和人口的能力也是有限的。由此可判斷出本段與經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展相關。學選項viii符合題意。

3.根據(jù)SectionC中第二句，“…h(huán)ealth-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.”，醫(yī)療保健逐漸被視為人們行使作為自主人的其他權利所必需的基本社會設施之一?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)療保健和其他權利的行使有聯(lián)系，選項i符合題意。

4.根據(jù)SectionD中第二、三句，“…thisrightgeneratesanobligationordutyforthestatetoensurethatadequatehealthcareresourcesareprovidedoutofthepublicpurse.Thestatehasnoobligationtoprovideahealth-caresystemitself,buttoensurethatsuchasystemisprovided.”，這項權利使國家有責任或義務確保從公共財政中提供足夠的醫(yī)療保健資源。國家本身沒有義務提供衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)，但必須確保提供這種系統(tǒng)。可知本段主要提到了國家在醫(yī)療保健中的作用，選項iii符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章SectionE中第二句，“Thesecondsetofmorespecificchangesthathaveledtothepresentconcernaboutthedistributionofhealth-careresourcesstemsfromthedramaticriseinhealthcostsinmostOECDcountries,accompaniedbylarge-scaledemographicandsocialchanges…”，導致目前對醫(yī)療保健資源分配關注的第二個更具體的變化源于大多數(shù)經(jīng)合發(fā)組織國家醫(yī)療費用的急劇增加，同時還伴隨著大規(guī)模的人口和社會變化?？膳袛喑霰径沃饕岬搅俗罱囊恍┳兓瘞淼挠绊?。選項v符合題意。

8.單選題

ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating“human”from“animal”and“human”from“machine”.Shewrites:“Thecyborgdoesnotdreamofcommunityonthemodeloftheorganicfamily,thistimewithouttheoedipalproject.ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.”TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity.Sheusesthemetaphorofacyborgtourgefeministstomovebeyondthelimitationsoftraditionalgender,feminism,andpolitics.MarisaOlsonsummarizedHaraway'sthoughtsasabeliefthatthereisnodistinctionbetweennaturallifeandartificialman-mademachines.HarawaybeginstheManifestobyexplainingthreeboundarybreakdownssincethe20thCenturythathaveallowedforherhybrid,cyborgmyth:thebreakdownofboundariesbetweenhumanandanimal,animal-humanandmachine,andphysicalandnon-physical.Evolutionhasblurredthelinesbetweenhumanandanimal;20thCenturymachineshavemadeambiguousthelinesbetweennaturalandartificial;andmicroelectronicsandthepoliticalinvisibilityofcyborgshaveconfusedthelinesofphysicality.HarawayhighlightstheproblematicuseandjustificationofWesterntraditionslikepatriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,andnaturalism(amongothers).ThesetraditionsinturnallowfortheproblematicformationsoftaxonomiesandwhatHarawayexplainsasantagonisticdualismsthatorderWesterndiscourse.Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,

peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals...allthoseconstitutedasothers.However,high-techcultureprovidesachallengetotheseantagonisticdualisms.Haraway'scyborgtheoryrejectsthenotionsofessentialism,proposinginsteadachimeric,monstrousworldoffusionsbetweenanimalandmachine.Cyborgtheoryreliesonwritingas“thetechnologyofcyborgs”,as“cyborgpoliticsisthestruggleforlanguageandthestruggleagainstperfectcommunication,againsttheonecodethattranslatesallmeaningperfectly,thecentraldogmaofphallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway'scyborgcallsforanon-essentialized,material-semioticmetaphorcapableofunitingdiffusepolitical

coalitionsalongthelinesofaffinityratherthanidentity.FollowingLacanianfeministssuchasLuceIrigaray,Haraway'sworkaddressesthechasmbetweenfeministdiscoursesandthedominantlanguageofWesternpatriarchy.AsHarawayexplains,“grammarispoliticsbyothermeans,”andeffectivepoliticsrequirespeakinginthelanguageofdomination.AsshedetailsinachartoftheparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemologywithintheManifesto,theunifiedhumansubjectofidentityhasshiftedtothehybridizedposthumanoftechnoscience,from“representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeoisnovel”to“sciencefiction,”“reproduction”to“replication,”and“whitecapitalistpatriarchy”to“informaticsofdomination.”WhileHaraway's“ironicdreamofacommonlanguage”isinspiredbyIrigaray'sargumentforadiscourseotherthanpatriarchy,sherejectsIrigaray'sessentializingconstructionofwoman-as-not-maletoargueforalinguisticcommunityofsituated,partialknowledgesinwhichnooneisinnocent.AlthoughHaraway'smetaphorofthecyborghasbeenlabelledasapost-genderstatement,Harawayhasclarifiedherstanceonpost-genderisminrecentinterviews.SheacknowledgesthatherargumentintheManifestoseekstochallengethenecessityforcategorizationofgender,butdoesnotcorrelate

thisargumenttopost-genderism.Sheclarifiesthisdistinctionbecausepost-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconceptofbeingbeyondmasculinityandfemininity.

Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.

1.Accordingtothetext,acyberneticorganismorcyborgmustbeunderstoodas（

）.

2.Harawayposesthatgenderconstructsshouldbeeliminatedascategoriesforidentitybecause

（

）.

3.AccordingtoHarawaymanicheismsareincompetitionwithoneanother,creatingparadoxicalrelationsofdomination,particularly

（

）.

4.Thecyborgisa

（

）.

5.Asonographicfetuswouldinmanywaysbetheultimatecyborgbecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.agender-neutralconstruct

B.arobot

C.aposthumanspeculativebeing

D.neitherorganicnorinorganic

問題2選項

A.theparadigmaticshiftsfrommoderntopostmodernepistemology

B.post-genderismisoftenassociatedwiththediscourseoftheutopianconcept

C.theyposeanantagonisticdualism

D.theyposeanon-essential,material-semioticmetaphor

問題3選項

A.God/man

B.right/wrong

C.self/other

D.one/other

問題4選項

A.metaphor

B.mechanicalproduct

C.animisticconcept

D.organichybrid

問題5選項

A.itis“created”inaspaceofvirtuality

B.itisneithermalenorfemale

C.itissimultaneouslyhumanandanimal

D.itispoliticallyinvisible

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway，inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries...《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線······”與“TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity《電子人宣言》一書批評傳統(tǒng)的女權主義概念（尤其是女權主義專注于身份認同政治），取而代之的是通過親和力支持結合。”和題干中“······mustbeunderstoodas可以被理解成”可推知A項“一個不分性別的概念”正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由文中“Harawaynotesthatgenderconstructsarestillprevalentandmeaningful,butaretroublesomeandshouldthereforebeeliminatedascategoriesforidentity.哈拉維指出，性別概念仍然普遍且有意義，但卻是令人煩惱的，因此應該被當成身份類別而被根除?！笨芍狢項“它們引起對立的二元論”正確。

第3題:3.細節(jié)事實題。由題干中“manicheisms善惡對立說”與文中“Thesedualisms,Harawaystates,haveallbeensystematictothelogicsandpracticesofdominationofwomen,peopleofcolor,nature,workers,animals…allthoseconstitutedasothers.哈拉維稱，對女性、有色人種、自然、工人、動物······等所有那些構成其他人的控制邏輯和實施而言，這些二元論是系統(tǒng)化的?！笨芍狣項“一類人/其他人”正確。

第4題:4.細節(jié)事實題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘a(chǎn)nimal’and‘human’from‘machine’《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線（尤其是那些將人類和動物、人類和機械區(qū)分開的界線）”與“ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.電子人將不會認可‘伊甸園’，它不是泥土做成的，從而不能向往回歸塵上。”可知A項“比喻說法”正確。

第5題:5.細節(jié)事實題。由文中“ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating‘human’from‘a(chǎn)nimals’and‘human’from‘machine’.《電子人宣言》是唐娜?哈拉維所寫的一本散文書籍，在該書中電子人的概念是拒絕僵硬的界線（尤其是那些將人類和動物、人類和機械區(qū)分開的界線）?！迸c題目中“sonographicfetus聲像圖的胎兒”可知A項“它是在一個虛擬的空間中‘被創(chuàng)造的’”正確。

9.問答題

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】試題答案：C；that

【解析】考查名詞性從句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表語從句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。

10.單選題

TheancientGreekshadthenotionofscienceasmethodicalknowledge,（）anduniversallyvalid.

問題1選項

A.compellinglycertain

B.compelcertain

C.completecertain

D.verysure

【答案】A

【解析】副詞搭配。句意:古希臘人認為科學是一種有系統(tǒng)的知識，具有令人信服的確定性和普遍有效性。根據(jù)后面的“universallyvalid”可推測，填空處也應該為副詞+形容詞的搭配，所以首先排除選項B和C，compellingly與certain搭配使用,表示“令人信服地確定”的意思。所以選項A更符合語境。

11.單選題

Sinceourresearchsofarhasnotproducedanyanswerstothisproblem,weneedtoadoptadifferent（

）toit.

問題1選項

A.method

B.manner

C.style

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。method“方法，辦法”,后+of；manner“方式，態(tài)度”，后+of；style“風格，方式”，后+of；approach“方法，途徑”，后+to。句意：既然我們目前的研究沒有得出任何解決這個問題的答案，我們需要換一種方式了。選項D符合題意。

12.寫作題

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsandwriteyourcompositionneatlyontheAnswerSheet.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic：

MyViewontheInternet

【答案】MyViewontheInternet13.單選題

Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.

That'sespeciallytrueofboomingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor’sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.

Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.

Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion（銷蝕）ofcorporate（公司的）faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState'sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.

Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree.“Ihireonlyliberal-arts（文科）peoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’’saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,Mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize，“Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.

1.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?

2.Bysaying“...buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears”(Line3,Para.3),theauthormeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoScheetz’sstatement(Lines4-5,Para.4),companiesprefer

（

）.

4.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?

問題1選項

A.Studentswithabachelor’sdegreeinhumanities.

B.PeoplewithanMBAdegreefromtopuniversities.

C.Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.

D.Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering.

問題2選項

A.mostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation

B.anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions

C.MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears’timeastheyarenow

D.infiveyearspeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot

問題3選項

A.peoplewhohaveastrategicmind

B.peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts

C.peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive

D.peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

問題4選項

A.theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations

B.theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsoilingproblems

C.theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields

D.theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement

問題5選項

A.Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.

B.Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.

C.On-the-jobtrainingisinthelongrun,lesscostly.

D.Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompanieslikegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.”最近的一項調查顯示，企業(yè)喜歡那些只需要很少的在職培訓就能立即上手工作的商業(yè)和衛(wèi)生保健等領域的畢業(yè)生。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.”尤其是大公司，要求有正規(guī)教育背景和工作經(jīng)驗。由此可知，受過正規(guī)教育加上有工作經(jīng)驗的人在就業(yè)市場上的需求量最大，所以選項C符合原文。

第2題:判斷推理題。作者在下文也就是第四段給出了解釋：密歇根州立大學的Scheetz援引了企業(yè)招聘實踐中的一種模式，進一步證明企業(yè)對持有專業(yè)學位人士的信心正在減弱。雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可推斷，作者認為“MBA學位無助于晉升到管理職位”，選項B符合原文。

第3題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“‘Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained（限制）bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,’saysScheetz.”Scheetz說：“他們想要一個不受細枝末節(jié)限制且能顧全大局的人。也就是具有戰(zhàn)略思維的人，”選項A正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“DavidBirch”定位到最后一段第四句“‘Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,’saysBirch.”Birch說:“我只聘用文科人才，因為他們做事的方式不那么死板。”也就是說，他們有能力處理變化無常的事情，選項A正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.”雖然公司傾向于聘用專業(yè)人才作為新員工，但他們往往會找尋全能人才作為中高層管理。由此可知，在管理層面，全能型人才勝過專業(yè)型人才。選項D符合原文。選項A，B，C在文中均沒有提及。

14.單選題

Thedisagreementovertraderestrictionscouldseriously（）relationsbetween

thetwocountries.

問題1選項

A.tumble

B.jeopardize

C.manipulate

D.intimidate

【答案】B

【解析】句意：貿(mào)易限制方面存在的意見分歧會嚴重（）兩國的關系。A選項tumble跌倒；B選項jeopardize危害；C選項manipulate操縱；D選項intimidate恐嚇，B選項jeopardize符合句意。

15.單選題

TherailwayticketforonesinglejourneybetweenBeijingandShanghaiis（

）forfivedays.

問題1選項

A.fruitful

B.beneficial

C.valid

D.effective

【答案】C

【解析】句意:北京和上海之間的單程火車票五日內(nèi)有效。

考查形容詞辨析。Fruitful成果豐碩的,富有成效的;beneficial有利的;valid有效的,(正式)認可的,符合邏輯的;effective有效果的,起作用的。這里指火車票的有效時間,故C符合句意。

16.單選題

Wedon’tthinkitisagoodhabitforTomto____inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntohim.

問題1選項

A.impart

B.ponder

C.abound

D.meddle

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.impart（~sthtosb）通知B.ponder（~about/on/oversth）仔細思考

C.abound（~with/in）充滿；富于D.meddle（~in/withsth）干涉；管閑事

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞搭配的介詞為in，賓語為“與他無關的事”，并且原句對此給出的評價是“不是一個好習慣”，由此可知，D選項“干涉；管閑事”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】我們認為Tom介入與他無關的事情不是一個好習慣。

17.單選題

Ifadecisionistakenwithmajorityvoting,eachmemberstatecan,inspecialcases,（）itsparticularnationalinterests.

問題1選項

A.trigger

B.assert

C.foster

D.salute

【答案】B

【解析】trigger觸發(fā),引起；assert維護,主張；foster培養(yǎng)；salute致敬,行禮。句意：如果一個決策以多數(shù)票通過,那么在特殊情況下,每一個成員國都可以維護其各自的國家利益。選項B符合句意。

18.單選題

Chinatodayishometo1.3billionpeople——nearlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulation.ThegrowthofChina'spopulationislargelytheresultofmodernization,whichhasbroughtwithitmorefood,bettermedicalcare,lessdisease,andfewerepidemicsandfamines.ThedeathrateinChinahasdecreased,andmorechildrensurvive.ThehighersurvivalrateinChinameansthatmorepeopleareenteringchildbearingage.Thispopulatio