考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高興看到大多數(shù)美國(guó)人開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到社會(huì)道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。選項(xiàng)B以自我為中心的個(gè)人主義思想，符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句話,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“1950”定位到第三段第二句話,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”指在1950年代聞所未聞，由此說(shuō)明1950年代不存在校園暴力。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain¤tmoraldecline”定位到最后一段的第一句話“Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety.”除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。由此可見(jiàn),當(dāng)人們減少對(duì)物質(zhì)的追求時(shí),道德水準(zhǔn)的下降趨勢(shì)可能得以扭轉(zhuǎn)。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.翻譯題

Rationalchoicetheory

Rationalchoicetheory,alsoknownaschoicetheoryorrationalactiontheory,isaframeworkforunderstandingandoftenformallymodeling,socialandeconomicbehavior.Rationality,interpretedas“wantingmoreratherthanlessofagood’’，iswidelyusedasanassumptionofthebehaviorofindividualsinmacroeconomicmodelsandanalysisandappearsinalmostalleconomicstextbooktreatmentsofhumandecision-making.Itisalsocentraltosomeofmodempoliticalscience,sociology,andphilosophy.Itattaches“wantingmore”toinstrumentalrationality,whichinvolvesseekingthemostcost-effectivemeanstoachieveaspecificgoalwithoutreflectingontheworthinessofthatgoal.GaryBackerwasanearlyproponentofapplyingrationalactormodelsmorewidely.Hewonthe1992NobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciencesforhisstudiesofdiscrimination,crime,andhumancapital.

Inrationalchoicetheory,thesecostsareonlyextrinsicorexternaltotheindividualratherthanbeingintrinsicorinternal.Thatis,strictrationalchoicetheorywouldnotseeacriminal’sself-punishmentbyinnerfeelingsofremorse,guilt,orshameasrelevanttodeterminingthecostsofcommittingacrime.Ingeneral,rationalchoicetheorydoesnotaddresstheroleofanindividual’ssenseofmoralsorethicsindecision-making.Thus,economicsNoblestAmartyaSenseesthemodelofpeoplewhofollowrationalchoicemodelas“rationalfools”.

【答案】理性選擇理論

理性選擇理論，也被稱為選擇理論或理性行為理論，是用于理解社會(huì)，正式對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)行為的框架。理性，被解釋為“對(duì)最大利益的追求”，在宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)模型中被廣泛用作個(gè)人行為的假設(shè)，并出現(xiàn)在幾乎所有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教科書中關(guān)于人類決策的處理。它也是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和哲學(xué)的中心。它將“想要更多”與理性工具聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這涉及到尋求最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)特定目標(biāo)，而不考慮該目標(biāo)的價(jià)值。GaryBacker是更廣泛地運(yùn)用理性行為者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧視、犯罪和人力資本而獲得1992年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

在理性選擇理論中，這些成本僅是非本質(zhì)的或外部的，而不是本質(zhì)的或者內(nèi)部的。也就是說(shuō)，嚴(yán)格的理性選擇理論不會(huì)根據(jù)罪犯的內(nèi)心的悔恨，內(nèi)疚，或羞愧等自我懲罰以確定犯罪的成本。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，理性選擇理論并不涉及個(gè)人道德或倫理意識(shí)在決策中的作用。因此，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者AmartyaSen認(rèn)為，遵循理性選擇模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。

3.翻譯題

Bacteria（細(xì)菌）,likepeople,canbedividedintofriendandfoe.81.Inspiredbyevidencethatthefriendlysortmayhelpwitharangeofailments（疾?。?manypeopleconsumebacteriaintheformofyogurtsanddietarysupplements.Suchasmatteringofartificialadditions,however,representsbutadropintheocean.Thereareatleast800typesofbacterialivinginthehumangut.AndresearchbyStevenGilloftheInstituteforGenomicResearchinRockville,Maryland,andhiscolleagues,publishedinthisweek’sScience,suggeststhatthecollectivegenomeoftheseorganismsissolargethatitcontains100timesasmanygenesasthehumangenomeitself.

DrGillandhisteamwereabletocometothisconclusionbyextractingbacterialDNAfromthefaeces（糞便）oftwovolunteers.82.Becauseofthecomplexityofthesamples,theywerenotabletoreconstructtheentiregenomes（基因組）ofeachofthegutbacteria,justtheindividualgenes.Butthatallowedthemtomakeanestimateofnumbers.

Whatallthesebacteriaaredoingistrickytoidentify—thebacteriathemselvesaredifficulttocultivate.83.Sotheresearchersguessedatwhattheymightbeuptobycomparingthegenestheydiscoveredwithpublisheddatabasesofgeneswhosefunctionsarealreadyknown.

84.ThiscomparisonhelpedDrGillidentifyforthefirsttimetheprobable

enzymatic（酶（性）的）processesbywhichbacteriahelphumanstodigestthecomplex

carbohydratesinplants.Thebacteriaalsocontainaplentifulsupplyofgenesinvolvedinthesynthesisofchemicalsessentialtohumanlife—includingtwoBvitaminsandcertainessentialaminoacids—althoughtheteammerelyshowedthatthesemetabolicpathwaysexistratherthanprovingthattheyareused.Nevertheless,thepathwaystheyfoundleavehumanslookingmorelikeruminants:animalssuchasgoatsandsheepthatusebacteriatobreakdownotherwiseindigestiblematterintheplantstheyeat.

ThebroaderconclusionDrGilldrawsisthatpeoplearesuperorganismswhosemetabolismrepresentsanamalgamationofhumanandmicrobialattributes.Thenotionof

asuperorganismhasemergedbefore,asresearchersinotherfieldshavecometoviewhumansashavingadiverseinternalecosystem.85.This,suggestsome,willbecrucialtothesuccessofpersonalisedmedicine,asdifferentpeoplewillhavedifferentresponsestodrugs,dependingontheirmicrobialflora.（微生物群落）Accordingly,thenextstep,saysDrGill,istoseehowmicrobialpopulationsvarybetweenpeopleofdifferentages,backgroundsanddiets.

Anotherareaofresearchistheprocessbywhichthesehelpfulbacteriafirstcolonizethedigestivetract.Babiesacquiretheirgutfloraastheypassdownthebirthcanalandtakeagene-filledgulpoftheirmother’svaginalandfaecalflora.Itmightnotbethemostdeliciousoffirstmeals,butitcouldwellbeanimportantone.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】81.有益菌可以幫助人們治療多種疾病，受此啟發(fā)，很多人通過(guò)使用酸乳食品和各種補(bǔ)品的辦法吸收細(xì)菌。然而，這種人為補(bǔ)充細(xì)菌的做法是極其膚淺的。

82.由于樣本的復(fù)雜性，吉爾博士及其研究組人員還不能構(gòu)建出腸道內(nèi)細(xì)菌的完整基因組，而只能構(gòu)建出單體基因。不過(guò)，這也可以使他們對(duì)整體數(shù)量作出估算。

83.因此，研究人員只能將發(fā)現(xiàn)的基因和那些功能已經(jīng)研究清楚的基因的公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行比較，從而猜測(cè)可能得到的研究結(jié)果。

84.這種比較幫助吉爾博士第一次確定了可能存在的細(xì)菌借以幫助人體消化從植物體攝入的復(fù)雜碳水化合物的酶催化反應(yīng)的過(guò)程。

85.有人認(rèn)為，這一點(diǎn)對(duì)個(gè)性化藥物的成功開(kāi)發(fā)是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)椴煌娜司哂胁煌奈⑸锶郝洌瑢?duì)不同的藥物有不同的反應(yīng)。

4.單選題

Hepracticed（

）onherandmanagedtoget$2000.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.linen

B.deception

C.longitude

D.paradise

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:他騙了她，設(shè)法騙了2000美元。

linen亞麻布;亞麻織品。deception欺騙，欺詐；騙術(shù)。Longitude［地理］經(jīng)度；經(jīng)線paradise天堂。

5.單選題

Ithinkshehurtmyfeelings（）ratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtually

B.literally

C.appropriately

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)下半句“ratherthanbyaccident..”可推測(cè),“我認(rèn)為她是故意傷害我的感情而不是她聲稱的偶然傷害”。所以選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

6.問(wèn)答題

Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaughs.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoid（1）humor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,

（2）

turn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumor.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveuniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.

Thelittleman

（3）

oddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,“Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughed

（4）

thesameway.”

Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingle

（5）

anearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremoved

（6）

comedy.Soweneverget&lopsidedviewofthings.

Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooften

（7）

thebrinkofwar,politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsense

（

8）

proportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.

Thesenseofhumormustbesingled

（9）

asman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative—thesearequalitiesweshare

（10）

otherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介詞).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

devoid(inparagraph1)

plague(inparagraph1)

stereotype(inparagraph1)

fanatic(inparagraph3)

satire(inparagraph4)

somber(inparagraph4)

redress(inparagraph4)

absurd(inparagraph4)

weep(inparagraph4)

initiative(inparagraph5)

【答案】1.考查介詞搭配。由文章第一句可知我們與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于我們有笑的能力，因此后面要表達(dá)的是沒(méi)有幽默感，與前面相對(duì)應(yīng)。devoidof意為“缺乏，缺少”。

試題答案：of

2.考查介詞搭配。inturn意為“反過(guò)來(lái)”。

試題答案：in

3.考查介詞搭配。atoddswithsociety意為“與社會(huì)格格不入”。

試題答案：at

4.考查介詞搭配。inthesameway意為“同樣地”。

試題答案：in

5.考查介詞搭配。from...to意為“從……到……”。此句意為：幽默感有各種表現(xiàn)形式，笑可以是從微笑到狂笑，但它的效果是一樣的。

試題答案：to

6.考查介詞搭配。farremovedfrom意為“與……相差太遠(yuǎn)”。此句意為：我們總是被提醒，悲劇并沒(méi)有真正遠(yuǎn)離喜劇。

試題答案：from

7.考查介詞搭配。onthebrinkof意為“瀕于，瀕臨”。

試題答案：on

8.考查介詞搭配。senseof意為“……的感覺(jué)”

試題答案：of

9.考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)后面的“Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman（但幽默感是人類特有的）”可知此處表示幽默感最為人類最重要的一個(gè)品質(zhì)，應(yīng)該被單獨(dú)提出來(lái)。besignedout意為“被單獨(dú)提出來(lái)”。

試題答案：out

10.考查介詞搭配。sharewith意為“與……分享，共用”。此句意為：勇氣、決心、主動(dòng)性—這些是我們與其他生命形式共同擁有的品質(zhì)。

試題答案：with

1.試題答案：缺乏的

2.試題答案：給……造成困擾，折磨

3.試題答案：模式，刻板印象

4.試題答案：極端分子，狂熱者

5.試題答案：諷刺

6.試題答案：低沉的，陰暗的

7.試題答案：補(bǔ)償

8.試題答案：荒謬的

9.試題答案：哭泣

10.試題答案：創(chuàng)造性，主動(dòng)性

7.單選題

Someyearsago,Houstonairportfacedatroublingissue.Passengerswere（1）aboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim(行李提取處).（2）,theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.Theplan（3）:theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（4）thecomplaintspersisted.

（5）,theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.Theyfoundthatit（6）passengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（7）,roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.

Sotheydecidedonanewapproach:（8）reducingwaittime,theymovedthearrivalgatesfartherawayfromthemainterminal.Passengersnowhadtowalksixtimeslonger.Complaintsdroppedtonear（9）.

Thisstoryshowsthattheexperienceofwaitingisdefinedonlypartlybytheobjective（10）ofthewait.Occupiedtime(walkingtobaggageclaim)feels（11）thanunoccupiedtime(（12）atbaggageclaim).Researchonqueuinghasshownthat,peopleonaverage,（13）howlongthey’vewaitedinaline.

Thisisalso（14）onefindsmirrorsnexttoelevators.The（15）wasbornduringthepost-WorldWarIIboom,whenthespreadofhigh-rises（16）complaintsaboutelevatordelays.Thereasonbehindthemirrorswas（17）totheoneusedattheHoustonairport:givepeoplesomethingtooccupytheirtime.（18）overnight,thecomplaintsceased.

We’llnever（19）linesaltogether,butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakethose（20）delaysmorebearable.Andwhenallelsefails,bringabook.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warning

B.thinking

C.asking

D.complaining

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inresponse

B.Infact

C.Intheory

D.Inturn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.failed

B.worked

C.stopped

D.continued

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.But

C.Or

D.And

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Puzzled

B.Scared

C.Delighted

D.Relieved

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.spent

B.needed

C.cost

D.took

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Ingeneral

B.Inaddition

C.Inanycase

D.Inotherwords

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.insteadof

C.bymeansof

D.becauseof

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.nothing

B.zero

C.none

D.no

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.reach

C.feeling

D.length

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.shorter

B.better

C.longer

D.harder

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.looking

B.standing

C.serving

D.pointing

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.dislike

B.disagree

C.overestimate

D.misunderstand

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.why

D.when

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.problem

C.standard

D.idea

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.calledfor

B.pointedout

C.ledto

D.beganwith

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.accustomed

B.specific

C.helpful

D.similar

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.Rather

B.Quite

C.Entirely

D.Almost

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.cross

B.eliminate

C.draw

D.create

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.inadequate

B.impatient

C.impossible

D.inevitable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系下文可知客戶在抱怨排隊(duì)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。A選項(xiàng)warning“警告”；B選項(xiàng)thinking“思考”；C選項(xiàng)asking“請(qǐng)求”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查語(yǔ)境理解。由空格前，聯(lián)系第一題“Passengerswerecomplainingaboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim（乘客們?cè)诒г剐欣钐崛√幍却龝r(shí)間太長(zhǎng)）”，空格后“theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.（行政人員增加了行李搬運(yùn)工的人數(shù)。）”可知，空格后是對(duì)空格前做的回應(yīng)。B選項(xiàng)Infact“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”；C選項(xiàng)Intheory“理論上”；D選項(xiàng)Inturn“輪流，依次”，都不符合上下文語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)下文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待時(shí)間降至8分鐘，完全符合行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）”可知這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃奏效了，等待時(shí)間下降了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待時(shí)間降至8分鐘，完全符合行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）”和下文“thecomplaintspersisted.（人們的抱怨仍在繼續(xù)）”可知空格處填的詞應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折。A選項(xiàng)So表原因；B選項(xiàng)But表轉(zhuǎn)折；C選項(xiàng)Or表并列；D選項(xiàng)And表并列，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！埃ǎ?theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.”意為“因?yàn)椤瓩C(jī)場(chǎng)管理人員進(jìn)行了更仔細(xì)的分析”。A選項(xiàng)Puzzled“困惑”；B選項(xiàng)Scared“害怕”；C選項(xiàng)Delighted“高興，愉快”；D選項(xiàng)Relieved“解除”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查固定搭配。Ittakesbsometimetodosth意為花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，沒(méi)有Itspendsbsometimetodosth這個(gè)說(shuō)法，spend的用法是sbspendsometime(in)doingsth，它的主語(yǔ)必須是人；cost的用法是sthcostsb+金錢；need的主語(yǔ)一般是人，不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)上文“Theyfoundthatittookpassengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（乘客從到達(dá)登機(jī)口走到行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處需要1分鐘，取行李又需要7分鐘。）”和下文“roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.（他們大約88%的時(shí)間是在站著等行李。）”可知上下文表示的意思是一樣的，所以空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表并列關(guān)系的短語(yǔ)。因此空格處應(yīng)填“inotherwords”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管，不顧”；B選項(xiàng)insteadof“代替，而不是”；C選項(xiàng)bymeansof“依靠，借助于”；D選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?，由于”，句意：他們沒(méi)有縮短等待時(shí)間，而是把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查語(yǔ)境理解。句意：參考第48題，他們沒(méi)有縮短等待時(shí)間，而是把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方。現(xiàn)在乘客們得多走六倍的路。投訴幾乎為（）。從句意我們可以看出空格處應(yīng)該為一個(gè)數(shù)值，選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)符合，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。句意：這個(gè)故事表明，等待的體驗(yàn)只在一定程度上取決于客觀等待的（）。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨”不符合句意；B選項(xiàng)reach“范圍”不符合句意；C選項(xiàng)feeling“感覺(jué)”與句中的體驗(yàn)相沖突；D選項(xiàng)length“時(shí)長(zhǎng)”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查邏輯關(guān)系。該句意為：被占用的時(shí)間（走到行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處）感覺(jué)比沒(méi)被占用的時(shí)間（站在行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處）（）。根據(jù)上文中提到的，機(jī)場(chǎng)管理人員把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方，乘客們?cè)诘却倪^(guò)程中感覺(jué)有事情可做，就會(huì)覺(jué)得走路的時(shí)間比等待的時(shí)間短，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。該空格處應(yīng)填與前面括號(hào)內(nèi)（walkingtobaggageclaim）相對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞。A選項(xiàng)looking“看”；B選項(xiàng)standing“站”；C選項(xiàng)serving“招待、服務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)pointing“指向，表明”，其中只有B選項(xiàng)與前面括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容適配度更高，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：關(guān)于排隊(duì)的研究表明，人們平均會(huì)（）自己排隊(duì)等候的時(shí)間。A選項(xiàng)dislike“不喜歡，厭惡”；B選項(xiàng)disagree“不同意，反對(duì)”；C選項(xiàng)overestimate“高估”；D選項(xiàng)misunderstand“誤解，誤會(huì)”。聯(lián)系上下文可知人們總是以為自己的排隊(duì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)，其實(shí)不然，所以人們經(jīng)常高估自己排隊(duì)等候的時(shí)間，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查語(yǔ)境理解。句意：這也是（）電梯旁邊有鏡子。根據(jù)下文可知，正是因?yàn)殓R子讓人們?cè)诘却臅r(shí)候有事可做，所以會(huì)讓人們感覺(jué)等待時(shí)間縮短了，所以空格處應(yīng)填有因果關(guān)系的詞，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查語(yǔ)境理解。該句子句意為：這個(gè)（）出現(xiàn)在二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)高樓林立，導(dǎo)致了人們對(duì)電梯延誤的抱怨。由此可知，人們對(duì)電梯的延誤感到抱怨更偏向于是一種社會(huì)問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”；B選項(xiàng)problem“問(wèn)題”；C選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)idea“方法”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)callfor“要求，需要，倡導(dǎo)”；B選項(xiàng)pointout“指出，指明”；C選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”；D選項(xiàng)beginwith“以……開(kāi)始，開(kāi)始于……”。參考55題，句意為：這個(gè)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生于二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)高樓林立，（）了人們對(duì)電梯延誤的抱怨。根據(jù)句意可知空格處應(yīng)填導(dǎo)致了人們的抱怨，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)beaccustomedto的意思：習(xí)慣于；習(xí)以為常；B選項(xiàng)bespecificto“針對(duì)……而言，僅限于……”；C選項(xiàng)behelpfultodosth.對(duì)做……有幫助，后面一般接todo不定式；D選項(xiàng)besimilarto“……與……相似，和……相似”，to后面可以接人，也可以接物。句意：鏡子后面的原因和休斯頓機(jī)場(chǎng)使用的（）：讓人們有事可做。一夜之間，投訴停止了。聯(lián)系上下文可知鏡子和機(jī)場(chǎng)都是為了讓人們?cè)诘却臅r(shí)候有事情可做，他們的目的是一樣的，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.考查副詞辨析。句意：（）一夜之間，投訴停止了。A選項(xiàng)rather“寧可，寧愿，相當(dāng)”；B選項(xiàng)quite“很，相當(dāng)，完全”；C選項(xiàng)entirely“完全的”；D選項(xiàng)almost“差不多，幾乎”。聯(lián)系題干可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cross“穿過(guò)，橫過(guò)”，cross后面一般不用lines，而是crosstheline，crosstheline逐字解釋是越過(guò)某條界線，一般是指觸犯了某項(xiàng)禁忌或者規(guī)則，做了過(guò)分的事情。B選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除，排除”；C選項(xiàng)draw“畫，拉，吸引”；D選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)立”。句意：我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全（）排隊(duì)。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inadequate“不充分的，不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；B選項(xiàng)impatient“焦躁的，不耐煩的”；C選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：但更好地理解等待的心理可以幫助讓那些（）延誤變得更容易忍受。聯(lián)系句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descend“下降；遺傳”；B選項(xiàng)decrease“減??；減少”；C選項(xiàng)ascend“上升；攀登”；D選項(xiàng)increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山頂，我們看著霧從下面的山谷……，我們好像進(jìn)入了一個(gè)仙境。形容云霧繚繞，霧應(yīng)該是從下方升起的，故選C。

9.單選題

Thebookisavainattemptto（

）thenameofoneoftheworstdictatorsinmodernhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.worship

B.glorify

C.adore

D.cherish

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。worship“崇拜；尊敬”；glorify“贊美；美化”；adore“崇拜；愛(ài)慕”；cherish“懷有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）”。句意：這本書試圖去美化現(xiàn)代歷史中最壞的獨(dú)裁者之一的名字，但是失敗了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“通過(guò)引用詩(shī)人華茲華斯和波德萊爾的例子，作者想表明……”。根據(jù)第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad（但他們卻選擇關(guān)注那些感覺(jué)糟糕的情感）和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.（最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂(lè)，是最適合表達(dá)快樂(lè)的。但從19世紀(jì)開(kāi)始，越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始認(rèn)為快樂(lè)是無(wú)意義的、虛假的，或者是最糟糕的，無(wú)聊的，就像我們從華茲華斯的水仙花到波德萊爾的惡之花。）可知，藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始關(guān)注那些令人不快的情感，但最早的藝術(shù)形式都適合表達(dá)快樂(lè)，只是19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的水仙花轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的惡之花時(shí)，越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始把快樂(lè)看成是乏味的，虛假的，甚至是令人厭倦的；因此，可推斷出“藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點(diǎn)”。故D項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家們已經(jīng)改變了他們的興趣焦點(diǎn)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“詩(shī)歌不像繪畫或音樂(lè)那樣能表達(dá)快樂(lè)”，文中沒(méi)有將詩(shī)歌、繪畫和音樂(lè)對(duì)于快樂(lè)的表現(xiàn)力進(jìn)行比較，因此不選；B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生于積極和消極的情感”，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤，但不是文章引用詩(shī)人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“今天的詩(shī)人較少懷疑幸?！?，文中沒(méi)有提到詩(shī)人，該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故該題選D。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義猜測(cè)題。題干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（早期時(shí)候的人，生活被苦難包圍著。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活幾乎沒(méi)有保障，壽命很短。在西方，在大眾傳媒和識(shí)字之前，最強(qiáng)大的大眾媒體是教堂時(shí)刻提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蟲(chóng)子的食物?？紤]到這一切，他們并不需要他們那些藝術(shù)也能令人掃興。），前面提到了早期人們生活的苦難，從最后too這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)可知他們不再需要增加一個(gè)令他們不快樂(lè)的事物；因此這里的“bummer”是表示不快樂(lè)的事情，即somethingunpleasant。A項(xiàng)“宗教的”，文章提到教堂只是舉例說(shuō)明早期人們生活的苦難；C項(xiàng)“令人愉快的”與文章不符；D項(xiàng)“商業(yè)的”這一段沒(méi)有提到；故該題選B項(xiàng)“不愉快的”正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“在作者的觀點(diǎn)中，廣告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.（廣告和反快樂(lè)藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)，并伴隨著它的出現(xiàn)，在這種商業(yè)文化中，幸福不僅僅是一種理想，而是一種意識(shí)形態(tài)），由此可知，作者認(rèn)為廣告并沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造幸福，而是創(chuàng)造了幸福的意識(shí)形態(tài)；因此D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造幸福的幻覺(jué)，而不是幸福本身”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“是在反快樂(lè)藝術(shù)之后出現(xiàn)的”，文章說(shuō)到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia（廣告和反快樂(lè)藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)），所以它們是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“是導(dǎo)致公眾失望的原因”和C項(xiàng)“取代教會(huì)作為主要的信息來(lái)源”文中沒(méi)有提到；故該題選D。

54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“從文章最后一段我們可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者講述的是在今天這樣一個(gè)快樂(lè)唾手可得的年代，我們必須記住一點(diǎn)，那就是，只有在面臨巨大的失敗和失望的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后取得的才是真正的快樂(lè)；而今天我們需要藝術(shù)告訴我們死亡的象征，就像宗教曾經(jīng)告訴我們的那樣，那就是反快樂(lè)文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣），由此可以推斷作者是想表達(dá)反快樂(lè)的藝術(shù)是令人不悅但卻令人耳目一新；故B項(xiàng)“反快樂(lè)的藝術(shù)是令人不快的，但令人耳目一新”為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“