考研考博-英語-安徽財貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽財貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Aprilthe3rdwasthedayweattemptedtoreachMountEverest.Themorningsawusailupandrushingaboutthebungalowatdaybreak.Webumpeddowntheninemilesofdustytrack,eachclutchingacameraoroneofthemoredelicateinstrumentstoourchestsinanendeavortomakeourbodiesabsorbasmanyoftheshocksfromthebumptrackaspossible.Thegroundstaffwasalreadybusyonourarrival.Theshedswheretheaircraftwerekepthadbeenopenedandthegreatmachineswerebeingmanhandledoutontothetarmac.Thebottlesofoxygenwerecarefullyplacedintheirclipsandconnectedtothesystem.Theverticalcamerasweretitledandtested,andairframesandengineswereinspectedandtestedineverydetail.

Pilotsandobserversfussedaroundtheirequipment,tryingonmanytimesbeforereadjustingstraps,electricleadsandoxygenfeedpipesthathadalreadybeenadjustedtoanicety.Theythenrecheckedthechartswhichhadbeencarefullypreparedtoallowaccuratelyfortheincreasingwindspeedsduringtheclimb—alltryingtokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringthattensehalf-hourwaitforthereturnofthereconnaissancemachine.

Therehadbeensomuchpreparationforthisflight,andtherewasstillsomuchoftheunknownaboutit,thatthecrewscouldnothelpbeingslightlyaffectedbythegeneralexcitement.Waitingisalwaysunpleasant,andwewereallrelievedtoseethereconnaissancemachinedivingdownthroughthedusthaze.TheAirCommodorewhocommandeditbroughtwelcomenews.Thoughhehadbeenunabletoclimbabovethedust,hehadbeenabletoseetowardsthemountainsthroughthetopofthehazeandtherewasacloudlesssky.Thiswassplendid:nocloudtomarthephotography.

Wehadpromisednottoattempttheflightifthewindexceeded40milesanhour,butthiswasthefirsttimewehadfoundthewindunder100milesanhour.Weworkedouttheimplicationsandreckonedthat,providedwedidnotspendmorethanfifteenminutesatthesummit,wecouldgetbackinsideourpetrolendurance.Wemightwaitfordaysandweeksandnotgetanotheropportunity.TheAirCommodoreweighedthepositioncarefullyandgavetheword"Go".

1.Theauthorandhiscolleaguesheldtheirinstrumentsclosetotheirchestsbecause（）.

2.Whenthemembersoftheexpeditionarrivedattheaerodrome,thegroundstaffwere（）.

3.Thecrewsoftheaircraftkeptcheckingtheirequipment（）.

4.ThepurposeofthisexpeditiontoMountEverestwasto（）.

5.Thepilotstooktheopportunityto（）.

6.Theword"tarmac"inline6ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

7.Theword“They”inline3ofparagraph2refersto（）.

問題1選項

A.thereweresomanypeopleinthecar

B.thedustmighthaveobscuredtheircameras

C.thesurfaceofthetrackwasveryuneven

D.theywantedtoprotectthemselvesfrombumps

問題2選項

A.maneuveringtheaircraftintopositionontherunway

B.attachingtheclipstothebottlesofoxygen

C.waitingtoremovethemachinesfromthesheds

D.makingtoremovethemachinesfromthesheds

問題3選項

A.toensurethatthestrapsoftheiroxygenmaskswereadjustable

B.topinpointthepositionofthereconnaissanceplane

C.toverifytheaccuracyofthewindspeedsshownintheircharts

D.tokeepthemselvesbusyuntilitwastimetotakeoff

問題4選項

A.investigatetheatmosphericconditionsonthemountain

B.makeanaerialsurveyofthesummit

C.testthebreathingapparatusathighaltitude

D.penetratethedusthazesurroundingthemountain

問題5選項

A.testtheflyingspeedoverthesummitofthemountain

B.reachMountainEverestdespitethehighrateofwind

C.fussaroundtheirequipment

D.driveawayunpleasantwaiting

問題6選項

A.anoffice

B.aplace

C.apavedsurfaceforplanestotakeoff

D.arunway

問題7選項

A.straps

B.electricleads

C.oxygenfeedpipes

D.pilotsandobservers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“...eachclutchingacameraoroneofthemoredelicateinstrumentstoourchestsinanendeavortomakeourbodiesabsorbasmanyoftheshocksfromthebumptrackaspossible.”每個人都把相機或更精密的儀器放在胸前,努力讓我們的身體盡可能地承受住來自顛簸軌道的沖擊。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Thegroundstaffwasalreadybusyonourarrival.Theshedswheretheaircraftwerekepthadbeenopenedandthegreatmachineswerebeingmanhandledoutontothetarmac.”我們到達時,地勤人員已經(jīng)很忙了。存放飛機的棚子已經(jīng)打開,巨大的機器正被人工搬運到停機坪上。由此可知,地勤人員是操縱飛機在跑道上就位,選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“...alltryingtokeepthemselvesoccupiedduringthattensehalf-hourwaitforthereturnofthereconnaissancemachine.”在等待偵察機返回的緊張的半個小時里,所有人都試圖保持忙碌。也就是說,他們不停的檢查設(shè)備是為了讓自己保持忙碌直到該起飛的時刻。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容,我們計算出了其中的含義,并認為,只要我們在山頂停留的時間不超過15分鐘,我們就能回到汽油續(xù)航力的范圍內(nèi)。由此可知,這次探索珠穆朗瑪峰的目的是為了對山頂作一次航空勘測。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容,我們曾承諾,如果風(fēng)速超過40英里每小時,我們就不會嘗試飛行,但這是我們第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)風(fēng)速低于100英里每小時。我們可能會等上幾天或幾周,錯過這次就再也沒有下一次機會了。由此可知,即使風(fēng)速很大,飛行員也要抓住這次機會登上珠穆朗瑪峰。選項B正確。

6.根據(jù)原文句意：存放飛機的棚子已經(jīng)打開,巨大的機器正被人工搬運到停機坪上。由此可知,“tarmac”指可供飛機起飛的地方,選項C正確。

7.根據(jù)句中的then可知,本句是對上句的補充,根據(jù)句意可知,前后主語一致,“they”指代的是“pilotsandobservers”,選項D正確。

2.單選題

Suchanapproachforcesthemanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps（

）rigiddepartmentalboundaries.

問題1選項

A.passover

B.standfor

C.breakdown

D.setoff

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞組辨析。passover“越過，忽略”；standfor“代表，支持”；breakdown“分解；消除；失?。话l(fā)生故障”；setoff“出發(fā)，引起”。句意：這種方法迫使經(jīng)理們相互交流，幫助他們消除嚴格的部門界限。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Psychologistshaveknownforalongtimethateconomistsarewrong.Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.Theyknowbecauseoftheultimatumgame,theoutcomeofwhichisoftentherejectionoffreemoney.

Inthisgame,oneplayerdividesapotofmoneybetweenhimselfandanother.Theotherthenchooseswhethertoaccepttheoffer.Ifherejectsit,neitherplayerbenefits.Anddespitetheinstinctsofclassicaleconomics,astingy(小氣的)offer(onethatislessthanaboutaquarterofthetotal)is,indeed,usuallyrejected.Thequestionis,why?

Oneexplanationoftherejectioniststrategyisthathumanpsychologyisadaptedforrepeatedinteractionsratherthanone-offtrades.Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.Andindeed,whenone-offultimatumgamesareplayedbytrainedeconomists,whoknowallthis,theydotendtoacceptstingyoffersmoreoftenthanotherpeoplewould.Buteventheyhavetheirlimits.Tothrowsomelightonwhythoselimitsexist,TerenceBurnhamofHarvardUniversityrecentlygatheredagroupofstudentsofmicroeconomicsandaskedthemtoplaytheultimatumgame.Allofthestudentsherecruitedweremen.

Dr.Burnham’sresearchbudgetrantoabunchof$40games.Whentherearemanyroundsintheultimatumgame,playerslearntosplitthemoneymoreorlessequally.ButDr.Burnhamwasinterestedinagameofonlyoneround.Inthisgame,whichtheplayersknewinadvancewasfinalandcouldthusnotaffectfutureoutcomes,proposerscouldchooseonlybetweenofferingtheotherplayer$25(i.e.morethanhalfthetotal)or$5.Responderscouldacceptorrejecttheofferasusual.Thoseresultsrecorded,Dr.Burnhamtooksaliva(唾液)samplesfromallthestudentsandcomparedthetestosteronelevelsassessedfromthosesampleswithdecisionsmadeintheone-roundgame.

AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.Fiveofthesevenmenwiththehighesttestosteronelevelsinthestudyrejecteda$5ultimateofferbutonlyoneofthe19othersmadethesamedecision.

WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.Theywouldratheracceptlessthemselvesthanseearivalgetahead.Thatislikelytobeparticularlytrueinindividualswithhightestosteronelevels,sincethathormoneiscorrelatedwithsocialdominanceinmanyspecies.

Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.

1.Accordingtothepassage,psychologistsaredifferentfromeconomistsinthat______.

2.Inthethirdparagraph,thesentence“Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.”meansthat______.

3.TheresultofDr.Burnham’sstudyintheone-roundgameplayersshowsthat______.

4.ThepointDr.Burnhamhasconcludedfromhisstudyisthat______.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthebehaviorofrejectingalowoffermentionedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theythinkanyfinancialgainisworthlessifitcouldnotguaranteetheultimatumgame

B.theyunderstandhoweconomistsarewrongbyprovingtrivialfinancialgaincouldbeignored

C.theybelievethatitisnecessarytorejectsometrivialgainstogetbiggerones

D.theyhaveknownforalongtimethatfromtheperspectiveofpsychology,financialgainsarenotworthpursuing

問題2選項

A.takinganuncompromisingattitudeatthebeginningwilllosemoreinthefutureroundsofthegame

B.peoplewhoarenotsocalculatingatthebeginningwillgetgoodreturnsintheend

C.peoplewhoareselflesswillgetmoreintheend

D.takingatoughlineatthebeginningwillpaymorecostinthefuturegame

問題3選項

A.menwithhightestosteronelevelsareusuallymoremotivatedtorejectbythelowoffer

B.thefacttestosteroneiscloselyconnectedwithsocialdominanceprovespeoplecouldhardlyseearivalgoahead

C.menwithhightestosteronearemorelikelytorejectthetenetsofclassicaleconomics

D.menwithhightestosteronepaymoreattentiontotherelativegains

問題4選項

A.moneyisirrelevantwhenpeopleseekforreproductiveopportunities

B.peopleprefernon-financialwaystofulfilltheirpurposeofgainingsocialstatus

C.whatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity

D.thedefinitionofrationalityisdifferentbetweenthefieldsofeconomicsandpsychology

問題5選項

A.Thiskindofbehaviorisirrationalasmatteroffact.

B.Thiskindofbehaviorpaysmoreattentiontothesocialstatusratherthanmoney.

C.Thiskindofbehaviorcouldbringdesirablereproductiveopportunities.

D.Thiskindofbehaviorisrationalfromalongview.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二、三句Mosteconomists—atleast,thoseoftheclassicalpersuasion—believethatanyfinancialgain,howeversmall,isworthhaving.Butpsychologistsknowthisisnottrue.（大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟學(xué)家——至少是那些持傳統(tǒng)觀點的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家——相信任何經(jīng)濟收益，無論多么小，都值得擁有。但心理學(xué)家知道這不是真的。），說明心理學(xué)家和經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的分歧在于心理學(xué)家看到的是最終的結(jié)果，而經(jīng)濟學(xué)家注重的是切實的利潤，心理學(xué)家認為并不是所有的小利益都要去追求，可以舍小取大。因此C選項“他們認為有必要拒絕一些小收益以獲得更大的收益”正確。A選項“他們認為任何經(jīng)濟利潤如果不能保證最后獲勝就是沒有用的”，原文沒有說不能保證最后獲勝的經(jīng)濟利潤是沒用的，所以A錯誤。B選項“通過證明小的經(jīng)濟利潤可以被忽略，他們認為經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們是錯誤的”，小的經(jīng)濟利潤可以被忽略這一點沒有被證明，所以B錯誤。D選項“他們知道長久以來，從心理學(xué)的角度來看，經(jīng)濟利潤是不值得去追求的”，由原文可知，不值得追求的是小收益，而不是經(jīng)濟利潤，所以D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第二、三句Inthiscase,takingatough,ifself-sacrificial,lineatthebeginningpaysdividendsinfutureroundsofthegame.Rejectingastingyofferinaone-offgameisthusjustasinglemoveinalargerstrategy.（在這種情況下，在一開始采取如果是自我犧牲的強硬的路線會在未來的游戲中獲得好處。因此，在一次性游戲中，拒絕吝嗇的報價只是大戰(zhàn)略中的一步棋。），說明如果拒絕吝嗇的出價會是更大策略中的一步，也就是說一開始不要貪得所有的大小利益，而是要有長遠的眼光，這樣才能取得更大的收益。因此D選項“一開始就采取強硬態(tài)度的人在未來的游戲中會付出更多的代價”正確。A選項“從一開始就采取強硬的態(tài)度會在未來幾輪的游戲中失去得更多”，B選項“那些從一開始就不是很計較的人最后可以獲得好的收益”，C選項“無私的人最終會得到更多”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一句AshedescribesintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSociety,theresponderswhorejectedalowfinalofferhadanaveragetestosteronelevelmorethan50%higherthantheaverageofthosewhoaccepted.（正如他在《英國皇家學(xué)會學(xué)報》上所描述的那樣，拒絕較低最終報價的應(yīng)答者的睪丸激素水平比接受報價的應(yīng)答者的平均水平高出50%以上。），說明睪丸激素水平較高的人更注重相對利潤而不是眼前的利益。因此D選項“睪丸激素水平高的人更關(guān)注相對收益”正確。A選項“睪丸激素高的人更加有拒絕低報酬的動機”，B選項“睪丸激素和社會優(yōu)勢有著密切的聯(lián)系，這一事實證明了人們很難看到對手領(lǐng)先”，C選項“有較高睪丸激素的人更趨向于拒絕傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟法則”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第一、二句WhatDr.Burnham’sresultsupportsisamuchdeeperrejectionofthetenetsofclassicaleconomicsthanonebasedonaslightmis-evolutionofnegotiatingskills.Itbackstheideathatwhatpeoplereallystriveforisrelativeratherthanabsoluteprosperity.（伯納姆博士的結(jié)果所支持的，是對古典經(jīng)濟學(xué)原理的更深程度的拒絕，而不是基于談判技巧的輕微錯誤進化。它支持了人們真正追求的是相對繁榮而不是絕對繁榮的觀點。），說明伯納姆博士最終支持的結(jié)論是更深的對傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟原則的拒絕，人們真正追求的是相對的財富而不是絕對的財富。因此C選項“人們真正追求的是相對繁榮而不是絕對繁榮”正確。A選項“當人們尋求再生機會時，金錢就是無關(guān)緊要的了”，B選項“人們更傾向于用非金錢的方式來實現(xiàn)他們?nèi)〉蒙鐣匚坏哪繕恕?，原文說的是如果另外一條路可以更為直接地導(dǎo)致這種情形，金錢就是不相關(guān)的，所以A,B錯誤。D選項“經(jīng)濟學(xué)和心理學(xué)對于理性的定義是不一樣的”，原文沒有明確指出理性的定義在兩個學(xué)科中是完全不同的，所以D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Economistsoftenrefertothissortofbehaviorasirrational.Infact,itisnot.Itissimply,asitwere,differentlyrational.Thethingsthatmoneycanbuyaremerelymeanstoanend—socialstatus—thatbringsdesirablereproductiveopportunities.Ifanotherroutebringsthatstatusmoredirectly,moneyisirrelevant.（經(jīng)濟學(xué)家經(jīng)常認為這種行動是不理智的。實際上這是理智的，只是不同的理智而已。金錢可以買到的只是達到某個目的的方法而已，如社會地位，達到目的便給人們帶來他們想要的不斷再生的機會。如果有另外一條路可以更為直接地達到目的，金錢就是不相關(guān)的。），說明經(jīng)濟學(xué)家認為這種行為是不理智的，而實際上是一種理智的行為，心理學(xué)家從更高更深的層面來看，金錢只是達到目的的一種手段，而為了達到一定的目的拒絕眼前小的利益是理智的行為。因此D選項“從長遠來看，這種行為是理性的”正確。A選項“這種行為在事實上是不理性的”，B選項“這種行為更注重社會地位而不是金錢”，C選項“這種行為可以帶來期望的再產(chǎn)出機會”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.寫作題

YouaresupposedtowritealettertoaprofessorinauniversityintheUnitedStatesorUK,requestingforthepossibilityofacooperativeprogramforPh.D.there.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearProfessorXXX”

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“MaQing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterDay,

IamMaQingfromNanjingUniversityinJiangsuProvince,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.IhavebecomeaPh.D.candidateofouruniversity.Myresearchinterestiscomparativeculture.WhatIamreallyinterestedinisthesimilarityanddifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.IamproudtosaythatIhavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.MyresearchpapersoftenappearinsomeinfluentialcorejournalsinChina.Buttotellthetruth,myknowledgeoftheUnitedStatesisfarlessthanmyknowledgeofChina.Sothatisnotconducivetowritingmydissertationrelatedtocomparativeculture.Undersuchcircumstances,Ishouldliketopursueaco-operativeprogramforPh.D.inyouruniversity.IfIhavefinishedlearningsomecoursesinChinathisyear,Iwilltakesomeothercoursesinyouruniversitynextyear.IespeciallywishtomakegreaterprogressinmyacademicresearchunderyourtutelagebecauseIknowyouareafamousscholarintheEastWestCenter,theUniversityofHawaii.

Ifyoucouldacceptmyrequest,Iwouldappreciateitverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.

Yoursrespectfully

MaQing

5.單選題

問題1選項

A.Jack’spersonality.

B.Jack’sappearance.

C.Jack’scareer.

D.Jack’sage.

【答案】D

【解析】8.M:Jenny.IknowyoulikeJackalot.Butwhatdoyoulikeabouthim?

W:He’sgentle,patientandmature.Ithinkhe’smyMr.Right.

M:Matureisagoodword.Don’tyouthinkhe’salittleoldforyou?He’salmosttwiceasoldasyouare.

Q:Whatisthemanconcernedabout?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干為：這個男人擔(dān)心什么？由文中“Butwhatdoyoulikeabouthim（但你喜歡他哪點呢）”和“He’salmosttwiceasoldasyouare.（他的年齡比你大一倍）”，推測可知D選項“Jack’sage（杰克的年齡）”符合原文。A選項“杰克的性格”；B選項“杰克的外表”；C選項“杰克的事業(yè)”不符合原文。

6.單選題

Communicationistheprocessofamessage（

）fromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.

問題1選項

A.shifting

B.transmitting

C.submitting

D.transforming

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。shift“轉(zhuǎn)移；改變；替換”；transmit“傳輸；傳播”；submit“使服從；呈遞”；transform“改變，使變形；轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：通信是消息通過渠道從出處傳播給觀眾的過程。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）lackofevidence,theprisonerhadtobereleasedafterstayinginjailforsixmonths.

問題1選項

A.In

B.For

C.On

D.With

【答案】B

【解析】考察邏輯連接詞。分析句子可知，從句表示原因，主句為對應(yīng)的結(jié)果。For因為…;句意：由于缺少證據(jù)。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

Mybrother’splansare______;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

問題1選項

A.arbitrary

B.ambitious

C.aggressive

D.abundant

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.arbitrary任意的；武斷的B.ambitious有野心的；有雄心的

C.aggressive好斗的；挑釁的D.abundant大量的；豐盛的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句的句意“他想在16歲之前掌握英語、法語和西班牙語”可得知，他的計劃是雄心勃勃的，故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】我哥哥的計劃雄心勃勃；他想在16歲之前掌握英語、法語和西班牙語。

9.單選題

Shesaidthatshewouldbehereateighto’clock.Butshedidn’t（

）untiltenthirty.

問題1選項

A.turnon

B.turndown

C.turnup

D.turnout

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。turnon“打開”；turndown“關(guān)掉，調(diào)低”；turnup“出現(xiàn)”；turnout“結(jié)果是”。句意：她說她八點會到這的，但是直到十點還沒出現(xiàn)。C項符合句意。

10.單選題

TheBadlandsNationalParkwasestablishedinSouthDakotatopreservethisweirdlybeautifulregion.

問題1選項

A.truly

B.strangely

C.exceedingly

D.impressively

【答案】B

【解析】句意：荒地國家公園是在南達科塔州建立的，旨在保護這個奇特的美麗地區(qū)。weirdly意為“古怪地，奇特地”。truly真實地；strangely奇妙地，不可思議地；exceedingly非常，極其；impressively令人難忘地。選項B與之意思相近。

11.翻譯題

Itistheexistenceofandtheabilitytocontrolpreciselythetwoindependentcharge-transportmechanismsthatmakepossiblealljunctionsemiconductordevices.

【答案】正是精確控制兩個獨立電荷傳輸機制的存在和能力使連接所有半導(dǎo)體器件成為可能。

12.單選題

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbee8nlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslaveryblacksmiths,masons,carpenterswhichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustriestobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

8.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

問題1選項

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C.Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

D.Thefederalcensusof1910.

問題2選項

A.ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.

B.TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.

C.Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.

D.Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompassestheentireindustrialsector.

問題3選項

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.

問題4選項

A.wagelevelsinnortherncities

B.laborrecruiters

C.competitionfromruralworkers

D.votingrightsinnorthernstates

問題5選項

A.Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.

B.Mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C.Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D.Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.

問題6選項

A.Supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

B.Presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

C.Introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

D.Challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

問題7選項

A.ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersinthesouth.

B.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth.

C.ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth.

D.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworkersintheNorth;unskilledruralworkersintheSouth.

問題8選項

A.ThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration.

B.TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

C.ThetransitionfromaruraltoanurbanexistenceforthosewhomigratedintheGreatMigration.

D.ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中第二段“In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin‘manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,’thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.1910年，超過60萬名黑人工人(占黑人勞動力的10%)自稱從事“制造業(yè)和機械制造業(yè)”，這是聯(lián)邦人口普查涵蓋整個工業(yè)部門的數(shù)據(jù)?！贝_定聯(lián)邦政府在1910年做了一次人口普查。D選項正確。其他三項均未在文中提到。

2.推理判斷題。文章第二段末尾提到南方惡劣的務(wù)工條件致使很多有工作的人遷徙到北方。C選項‘擁有穩(wěn)定工作的人不太可能有理由搬到美國的另一個地區(qū)’與之相矛盾。所以C選項符合題意。在文章第二段開頭作者提到，人們從來沒有真正調(diào)查過究竟是些什么人遷徙出了南方，也沒有人知道在“大移民”之前的移民潮中是否也有人遷徙到北方一些城市。因此，A、B排除。很顯然，制造業(yè)和機械業(yè)不能包含整個工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。所以D項排除。

3.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文中最后一段“Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs在棉鈴象鼻蟲泛濫之后，城市黑人工人面臨著來自持續(xù)涌入的黑人和白人農(nóng)村工人的競爭，他們被迫降低了以前為工廠工人支付的工資”。確定A選項‘由于競爭加劇，它們的工資被壓低了‘符合題意。

4.細節(jié)判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者引用了以下盡可能在北方黑人工人決定遷移的影響在大遷移除外…….‘，D選項‘選舉權(quán)’并未在文章中提到，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目意思是‘從文章中可以推斷，最后一段第16行提到的“easyconclusion”是基于以下哪一個假設(shè)?’題目中“easyconclusion”指黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)。文章第一段最后提到來自農(nóng)村的工人對城市生活不習(xí)慣和缺乏必要的技能可能會對北方的經(jīng)濟流動性產(chǎn)生影響。最后一段末尾作者指出“amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed向北搬遷將被視為對一個已經(jīng)城市化、就業(yè)穩(wěn)定的群體有利”。結(jié)合這兩處，可以得出C選項‘與城市背景的人相比，農(nóng)村背景的人在城市獲得經(jīng)濟成功的可能性更小?！项}意。

6.觀點態(tài)度題。本文第一段對“大移民”進行了簡單的描述，并引出了為眾人所接受的結(jié)論，即黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)。接下來作者開始反駁。第二段指出究竟是些什么人以及在大移民之前是否有人已經(jīng)遷徙到北方都無人考究。最后一段指出移居到北方的黑人中，有35%的人是技能型工人，而另外的65%的人從事于新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，他們都已經(jīng)變得更加城市化。最后總結(jié)對于一些已經(jīng)適應(yīng)城市生活和能容易找到工作的人來說，他們遷徙到北方將是有利的，并提出黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)是有待考究的。本文的寫作目的是D選項“對廣為接受的結(jié)論提出挑戰(zhàn)”。

7.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.即使是北方的非技術(shù)工人，他們也能比南方的工匠掙得更多”。因此可以得知工資最高的應(yīng)該是ArtisansintheNorth,其次是unskilledworkersintheNorth,然后是artisansintheSouth,最后是unskilledworkersintheNorth.所以C選項符合題意。

8.主旨大意題。本文主要是反駁黑人遷徙到北方之后引起的經(jīng)濟問題和他們的農(nóng)村出身有關(guān)這樣一個結(jié)論。大篇幅闡述了大移民運動后北方經(jīng)濟問題產(chǎn)生的原因。因此A選項‘參與大遷移的人后來經(jīng)濟困難的原因’符合題意。

13.單選題

Shedidn’tdoverywellwhenshefirstwenttoschool,butshehas___inthelasttwoyears.

問題1選項

A.cutthrough

B.forgedahead

C.cutdownon

D.forgedabout

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.cutthrough刺穿；抄近路走過B.forgedahead繼續(xù)進行；取得進展

C.cutdownon削減；減少D.forgedabout建立關(guān)于

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】But前句意為她剛進學(xué)校時表現(xiàn)得不好，由于but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以空格處的句子應(yīng)為在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)得好或者取得進步。B選項forgedahead“繼續(xù)進行；取得進展”，滿足句子所需邏輯“取得進步”。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】她剛上學(xué)時成績不太好，但在過去兩年里她取得了進步。

14.單選題

Ihavehadjustaboutenoughofbeingtreatedlikeasecond-classcitizen,simplybecauseIhappentobethatunfairlytreatedmemberofsociety—acustomer.ThemoreIgointoshopsandhotels,banksandpostoffices,railwaystations,airportsandthelike,themoreIamconvincedthethingsarebeingrunso