考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京視覺藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南京視覺藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Youshouldhaveputthemilkintotheicebox,Iexpectit______undrinkable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.became

B.hadbecome

C.hasbecome

D.becomes

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.became成為了B.hadbecome已經(jīng)成為

C.hasbecome成為D.becomes成為

【考查點(diǎn)】時(shí)態(tài)。

【解題思路】根據(jù)shouldhavedone可知，此處是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示本應(yīng)該做卻沒做，而牛奶已經(jīng)變質(zhì)不能喝了，是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，所以空格處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不符合。

【句意】你本應(yīng)該把牛奶放進(jìn)冰箱的，我想它已經(jīng)不能喝了。

2.翻譯題

我們的國(guó)家走向現(xiàn)代化，最大的障礙，并不是資源問題，也不是資金問題，更不是技術(shù)問題，而是十幾億人口的素質(zhì)問題。資金可以積累，技術(shù)可以創(chuàng)造，也可以引進(jìn)，但十幾億人口的整體素質(zhì)是無(wú)法引進(jìn)的，必須靠我們自己去提高。

據(jù)約略估計(jì)，中國(guó)品牌約占國(guó)內(nèi)冰箱和洗衣機(jī)市場(chǎng)的90%,空調(diào)市場(chǎng)的70%-80%,彩電市場(chǎng)的60%。在許多領(lǐng)域，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量有很大提高。中國(guó)一家主要的家電廠商，已經(jīng)從價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)向以質(zhì)量、高效銷售和售后服務(wù)進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

【答案】（1）Onthewaytomodernization,thebiggestobstacletoourcountryisnottheshortageofnaturalresources,northelackoffunds,stilllesstheproblemoftechnology,butratherthequalityofoveronebillionpeople.Fundscanbeaccumulated,technologycanbecreatedorimported,butthequalityofsuchalargepopulation,whichcannotbeintroducedfromabroad,shouldbeimprovedonourown.

（2）It’sroughlyestimatedthatChinesebrandsapproximatelyaccountfor90%domesticmarketshareofrefrigeratorsandwashingmachines,with70%to80%ofairconditioners,60%ofcolorTVs.Inmanyfields,thequalityofChinesebrandproductshasimprovedgreatly.AmajorChinesemanufacturerofhomeapplianceshasorienteditscompetitionfrompricetothequalityofproduct,higheffectivesalesandafter-salesservice.

3.單選題

ManyofourWelshpeoplearegoingtosettleinNorthCarolina,______landischeap.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.ofwhich

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子可知，前半部分句子完整，且后面的句子前有逗號(hào)，所以空格部分是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，排除A、C選項(xiàng)；先行詞NorthCarolina在從句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用where，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：我們很多威爾士人都打算去北卡羅萊納州定居，那里的土地很便宜。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Somemineralsarequitecommon,othersareregionally（

）,andstillothersarerareontheearth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attributed

B.distributed

C.contributed

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。attribute“認(rèn)為······是；把······歸于”；distribute“分配，散發(fā)”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”；scatter“分散，散開”。句意：有些礦藏很常見，有些則是區(qū)域性分布，還有些是地球上罕見的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.問答題

Iwasfinallyabletoconvincehimofitsvalue.(Ifinallysucceeded)

【答案】Ifinallysucceededinconvincinghimofitsvalue.

6.單選題

MyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheart,aboutwhetherheovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople—canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk（怪物）?—butthere'scorollary（推論）toanimalsaswell.I’dloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.There’salreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.

Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughter'srespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalities,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.

AtfirstIthoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit,toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.ButIsoondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.

Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachild’ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twist'sabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.

Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant（憤憤不平）,andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichI'mnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.

ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevet（獸醫(yī)）tobesprayed（切除卵巢）.Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant,Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpandtender,therewasnorecrimination（反責(zé)）,noHowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshereallyknewthatwecouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughter'slap.

Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile（溫順的）.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandfickleness（浮躁）andherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.

Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudging（不勉強(qiáng)的）comfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanchorsandweights,amodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux（處于不斷變化中）.SometimesIthinkTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash,onethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanks（猛拉）thembacktosafetyandsolidground.

We'veweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughters—whatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchurchtoattend,whentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingareTwist’scharacteristicsEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothecontext,themeaningoftheword“square”isclosetto（

）.

4.That“Twist’sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash”meansthat（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQ

B.herprofessorbrothercarestoomuchaboutIQ

C.weneedexamplesofhowtofollowone'sheart

D.sheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resignation

B.patience

C.forgiveness

D.tenacity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fast

B.straight

C.blindly

D.stubbornly

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Twistiscapableoflookingafterthegirls

B.Twistandthegirlshavebecomefriends

C.Twistknowshowtofollowthegirls

D.Twist'sloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Difficultiesinraisingherchildren.

B.Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.

C.GratitudetoTwistforherrole.

D.Concernsaboutschoolingandreligion.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.（我們需要一些角色楷模是本能的，而在這一點(diǎn)上，狗就是一個(gè)很好的體現(xiàn)）可知C選項(xiàng)“我們需要如何遵循自己內(nèi)心的例子”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中的AndthuscameourdogTwist可知Twist是一只狗，第四至第六段的每段句首分別提到了狗的rawpersistence（堅(jiān)持，鍥而不舍）、unfailingpatience（堅(jiān)韌不拔的耐心）和forgiveness（寬?。┨卣鳎逝懦鼴（耐心）、C（寬?。?、D（堅(jiān)韌）選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)“順從”符合題意。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞square定位到文章第四段中的Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls，由前面的especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicks（忽然搖動(dòng)）aroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranchesoutside（特別是如果任務(wù)是捕捉陽(yáng)光，當(dāng)風(fēng)吹過外面的樹枝時(shí)，陽(yáng)光在起居室周圍忽然搖動(dòng)）可推測(cè)此“狗是直接朝墻上的陽(yáng)光跑去”較符合語(yǔ)境，square作副詞時(shí)，表示“正對(duì)著地，徑直地”，因此選B。

4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段中介紹了狗伴隨著朋友的青春期成長(zhǎng)，認(rèn)為狗最忠誠(chéng)的伙伴，由此聯(lián)想到狗Twist對(duì)女兒們的忠誠(chéng)，伴隨著她們長(zhǎng)大，因此D選項(xiàng)“Twist的忠誠(chéng)有助于女孩們成長(zhǎng)”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.（但說到真正塑造她們的性格和使家庭融洽時(shí)，我從來沒想到我們會(huì)欠這位最小的家庭成員這么多）可知作者已將Twist當(dāng)作家庭中的一員，感激她所做的貢獻(xiàn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“感謝Twist扮演的角色”符合題意。

7.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,______wasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”；B選項(xiàng)andthen“然后；其次”；C選項(xiàng)orso“大約”；D選項(xiàng)evenso“即使如此”。句意：當(dāng)我聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我想我是在學(xué)校，______是在和一個(gè)朋友度假。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是要么在學(xué)校，要么在度假，A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Nowastothematteroflying,youwanttobeverycarefulaboutlying;otherwiseyouarenearlysuretogetcaught.Oncecaught,youcanneveragainbe,intheeyesofthegoodandpure,whatyouwerebefore.Manyayoungpersonhasinjuredhimselfpermanentlythroughasingleclumsyandill-finishedlie,theresultofcarelessnessbornofincompletetraining.Someauthoritiesholdthattheyoungoughtnottolieatall.That,ofcourse,isputtingitratherstrongerthannecessary;stillwhilelcannotgoquitesofarasthat,Idomaintain,andIbelieveIamright,thattheyoungoughttobetemperateintheuseofthisgreatartuntilpracticeandexperienceshallgivethemthatconfidence,eleganceandprecisionwhichalonecanmaketheaccomplishmentgracefulandprofitable.Practice,diligence,painstakingattentiontodetail—thesearerequirements;theseintime,willmakethestudentperfect;uponthese,andupontheseonly,mayherelyasthesurefoundationforfutureeminence.Thinkwhattediousyearsofstudy,thought,practice,experience,wenttotheequipmentofthatpeerlessoldmasterwhowasabletoimposeuponthewholeworldtheloftyandsoundingmaximthat“Truthismightyandwillprevail”—themostmajesticcompoundfractureoffactwhichanyofwomanbornhasyetachieved.Forthehistoryofourrace,andeachindividual’sexperience,aresownthickwithevidencethatatruthisnothardtokillandalietoldwellisimmortal.ThereisinBostonamonumentofthemanwhodiscoveredanesthesia.

【答案】現(xiàn)在要是說到說謊，你必須要非常小心地說謊；否則你幾乎肯定會(huì)被抓。在善良和純潔的人眼里，一旦你被抓住，你就再也不可能是你以前的樣子了。許多年輕人就因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)笨拙的、沒有完成的謊言而永久地傷害了自己，這是缺乏訓(xùn)練而導(dǎo)致的粗心的結(jié)果。一些權(quán)威人士認(rèn)為，年輕人根本不應(yīng)該撒謊。當(dāng)然，這是一種過于強(qiáng)烈的表達(dá)；盡管我不能做到那樣，我還是會(huì)堅(jiān)持，我相信我是對(duì)的，年輕人在運(yùn)用這門偉大的藝術(shù)時(shí)應(yīng)該有節(jié)制，直到實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)給他們帶來自信、優(yōu)雅和精確，而只有這些才能使你優(yōu)雅而有益地完成這門藝術(shù)。實(shí)踐、勤奮、對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)心——這些都是要求；這些假以時(shí)日，會(huì)使學(xué)生臻于完美；在這些基礎(chǔ)上，也只有在這些基礎(chǔ)上，他才能作為未來顯赫的可靠基礎(chǔ)。想想看，這位舉世無(wú)雙的老大師，經(jīng)過多年枯燥乏味的學(xué)習(xí)、思考、實(shí)踐和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才得以把“真理是強(qiáng)大的，并且將會(huì)獲勝”這句崇高而響亮的格言傳遍全世界——這是迄今為止任何一位女性所取得的最宏偉的復(fù)合斷裂事實(shí)。因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)祟惖臍v史和每個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷都布滿了證據(jù)，證明真理不難消滅，而講得好的謊言則是不朽的。波士頓有一座紀(jì)念麻醉術(shù)發(fā)明者的紀(jì)念碑。

9.單選題

Olderpeoplealwaysenjoythe___oftheirrelatives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.company

B.accompaniment

C.companion

D.compassion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)company“公司；陪伴；同伴（尤指為某一目的聚集起來的一群人）；連隊(duì)；演出團(tuán)；賓客”；B選項(xiàng)accompaniment“伴奏；伴隨物”；C選項(xiàng)companion“同伴（和你一起旅行或花很多時(shí)間和你在一起的人或動(dòng)物）；朋友；指南；手冊(cè)”；D選項(xiàng)compassion“同情；憐憫”。句意：上了年紀(jì)的人總是喜歡有親戚___。本句表達(dá)“年紀(jì)大的人喜歡有親戚陪伴”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Masstransitsystemsrelievetrafficcongestionwhentheserviceisconvenient,（）andaffordable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comfort

B.comforting

C.comfortable

D.comforted

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞性選擇。句意：當(dāng)服務(wù)方便、舒適和負(fù)擔(dān)得起時(shí)，公共交通系統(tǒng)可以緩解交通擁堵。上下文用and連接并列的convenient和affordable都是形容詞，此處應(yīng)用形容詞形式。A，B，D都是動(dòng)詞形式。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

SomeofthismeatcamefromCanada.Howabout（

）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.another

B.others

C.theother

D.therest

【答案】D

【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞的指代。meat是不可數(shù)名詞，前面三個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般用來知道可數(shù)名詞，所以不符合題意。選項(xiàng)D既可以指代可數(shù)名詞，也可以指代不可數(shù)名詞，符合題意。句意：這里一部分肉來自加拿大，那剩下的呢？

12.單選題

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adaptable“適合的，可修改的”；B選項(xiàng)applicable“可應(yīng)用的，合適的”；C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的”；D選項(xiàng)cryst“結(jié)晶的”。句意：國(guó)會(huì)意識(shí)到，為改善教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)提供更多資金對(duì)提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力至關(guān)重要。本句表示“提供資金給教育和職業(yè)培訓(xùn)對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的作用”，經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)決定上層建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C選項(xiàng)crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

II.(EconomicLaw)

Forfourhundredyears,companylawhastriedtosolvethecoreproblemofcorporategovernance,theseparationofownershipandcontrol.InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.Itsevolutionestablishedthefirstinstitutionalsupervisorystructure.TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.ManyoftheV.O.C.’sfeaturesarestillcharacteristicformoderncompanies.

Withitsincorporationin1602,theV.O.C.hadaninternalstructurecomparabletowhatwedescribetodayasaone-tierboardmodel.Theboardofseventeendirectors,electedbythegovernorsofthesixchambers,haduniversalmanagementpowerandactednearlyfreefromanyinterferencebyminorityshareholders.Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.Inthecourseoffurtherbusinessexpansionin1648,anexecutivecommitteeoftheboard(TheHagueCommittee)helpedtoorganizetheworkofthedirectors.Committeesformedforaccountingorspecificbusinessmatters,werealsofoundatthechamberlevel.

Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.Thegovernors—themerchantsandownersoftheearlycompanies—wereunawarethatanentitywithitsowninteresthademergedastheycontinuedtomanagetheV.O.C.inthewaytheyhadmanagedtheirearlycompanies.Inparticular,thegovernors’righttopriorpurchaseturnedouttobeunfortunate,leadingtoanearlyformofwhatwetodaycallself-dealing.Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.

KlausJ.Hopt,PatrickC.Leyens:“BoardModelsinEurope—RecentDevelopmentsofInternalCorporateGovernanceStructuresinGermany,theUnitedKingdom,France,andItaly”

55.Inthe17thcentury,theboardofseventeendirectorshaduniversalmanagementpowertodothefollowingexcept___.

56.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthat___.

57.Thewordwhichcanbestreplacetheword“alignment”intheunderlinedsentenceis___.

58.WhichofthefollowingdidNOThappenin1623?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developingthebusinessstrategy

B.decidingwhichwaytotakefortheshipping

C.helpingtoorganizetheworkofthechambers

D.issuingresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thestartingpointoftheresearchwastheanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodels

B.corporategovernancewasaresearchdisciplineofitsownintheearly1900’s

C.mergeroftheearlycompanieswassoughttoimprovethecompetitors

D.thehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)wasveryimpressive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.grouping

B.association

C.arrangement

D.coalition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Governorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditions.

B.Thecommitteeofninewasintroducedwithinternalstructure.

C.Governorswerenotallowedtosupplythecompanyiftheyhadnotbeengrantedalicensetodoso.

D.Quitesomeregulationsweremade.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Theboarddevelopedthebusinessstrategy,settheshippingroutes,andissuedresolutionsthatwerebindingforthechambers.（董事會(huì)制定了商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，制定了航運(yùn)路線，并發(fā)布了對(duì)商會(huì)有約束力的決議）可知C選項(xiàng)“幫助組織商會(huì)的工作”未提及；A選項(xiàng)“制定商業(yè)策略”，B選項(xiàng)“決定用哪種方式裝運(yùn)”以及D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布對(duì)商會(huì)有約束力的決議”符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

56.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到第一段InEurope,corporategovernancedidnotbecomearesearchdisciplineofitsownbeforetheendofthelastmillennium.Theanalysisofthefunctioningofmanagementandcontrolunderdistinctboardmodelswasthestartingpointandstillisoneofthemostimportantfieldsoftheincreasinglycomparativeandinterdisciplinaryresearchagenda.（在20世紀(jì)前，歐洲的企業(yè)治理并沒有形成自己的研究學(xué)科。在不同的董事會(huì)模式下，對(duì)管理和控制功能的分析是研究的起點(diǎn)，并且仍然是比較和跨學(xué)科研究議程中最重要的領(lǐng)域之一）可知選A選項(xiàng)“本研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是分析不同董事會(huì)模式下的管理和控制功能”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“公司治理在20世紀(jì)早期是一門獨(dú)立的研究學(xué)科”錯(cuò)誤；第一段TheV.O.C.goesbacktoamergeroftheearlycompanies,theVoorcompagnieen.Muchlikemodernbusinessamalgamations,itwassoughttoimprovethemarketpositionagainstcompetitors.（V.O.C.可追溯到早期公司Voorcompagnieen的合并。與現(xiàn)代企業(yè)合并非常相似，其目的是提高相對(duì)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的市場(chǎng)地位）可知C選項(xiàng)“早期公司的合并是為了改善競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”錯(cuò)誤；第二段ThehistoryoftheVerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie(V.O.C.)impressivelyillustratesearlyproblemsofcompanylaw.（VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的歷史深刻地說明了早期的公司法問題）可知不是V.O.C.的歷史非常令人印象深刻，而是V.O.C.的歷史深刻地說明一些問題，D選項(xiàng)“VerenigdeOostindischeCorapagnie的歷史非常令人印象深刻”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“alignment”定位到原文Themajorgovernanceproblemresultedthelackofadefinitionofdirectors’dutiesasanalignmentofdecisionmakingandthecompany’sinterest.（主要的管治問題導(dǎo)致缺乏對(duì)董事職責(zé)的定義，將其界定為決策與公司利益的結(jié)合）可知alignment在本句表示“結(jié)合，結(jié)盟”；A選項(xiàng)“分組，分類”，B選項(xiàng)“協(xié)會(huì)，社團(tuán)；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想”；C選項(xiàng)“布置；整理；準(zhǔn)備；安排”；D選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合；結(jié)合，合并”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

58.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“1623”可以定位到原文最后一段Withtheseconddashofregulationin1623,thelicensewaschangedandthegovernorswerepermittedtobuyfromthecompanyonlyinpublicauctionsunderthesameconditionsasanyoneelse.（1623年的第二次監(jiān)管改變了許可，州長(zhǎng)只能在公開拍賣的情況下從公司購(gòu)買，條件和其他人一樣）可知A選項(xiàng)“州長(zhǎng)只能在相同條件下通過公開拍賣從公司購(gòu)買”符合原文；最后一句Themajorchangeintheinternalstructurecamewiththeintroductionofthecommitteeofninein1623,whichcanbedescribedasanearlyformofthemodernsupervisoryboard.（1623年，九人委員會(huì)成立，這是現(xiàn)代監(jiān)事會(huì)的早期形式，是監(jiān)事會(huì)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的主要變化）可知B選項(xiàng)“九人委員會(huì)引入了內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)”符合原文；最后一段Further,theywereallowedtosupplythecompanyonlyiftheyhadbeengrantedalicensetodoso.（此外，只有在獲得許可的情況下，他們（指州長(zhǎng)們）才被允許向公司供貨）可知C選項(xiàng)“州長(zhǎng)不允許供應(yīng)公司，如果他們沒有被授予許可證這樣做”符合原文；根據(jù)原文和排除法可知D選項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)多的規(guī)則被制定”和原文相悖。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.

Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.

SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomenology.Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?

HeseesroughlythesamethingsthatIseebuthebelievesthescentsofthegardenbehindus.Hemarksthepathoftheblack-andwhitecatasshemovesamongtherosesinsearchofthebitsofchickensandwichIletfallasIwalkedfromthehousetoourpicnicspot.IcanshowthatFidoisalerttothekitty,butnothow,formypicture-makingmodesofthoughttooeasilysupplyfalsifyinglyliteralrepresentationsofthecatandthegardenandtheirmodesofbeinghiddenfromorrevealedtome.

1.Thephrase“Theothersensesarelargelyancillary”(Paragraph1)isusedbytheauthortosuggestthat（）.

2.Theexampleinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat“principlesofphenomenology”mentionedinParagraph3canbestbedefinedas（）.

3.Themissingphraseintheincompletesentence“Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?”refersto（）.

4.Theexampleinthelastparagraphisusedtoillustratehow（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlythoseeventsexperienceddirectlycanbeappreciatedbythesenses

B.formanyhumanbeingsthesenseofsightistheprimarymeansofknowingabouttheworld

C.smellisinmanyrespectsamorepowerfulsensethansight

D.peoplerelyonatleastoneoftheirothersensesinordertoconfirmwithwhattheysee

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rulesoneusestodeterminethephilosophicaltruthaboutacertainthing

B.behaviorscausedbycertainkindsofperception

C.waysandmeansofknowingaboutsomething

D.effectofsingleindividual’sperceptiononwhatothersbelieve

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.colorblindness

B.perceptionoftheworld

C.concernforourperception

D.depthperception

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.adog’sperceptiondiffersfromahuman’s

B.peoplefearnaturebutanimalsarepartofit

C.adog’swaysofseeingaresuperiortoacat’s

D.phenomenologyisuniversalandconstant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上文“Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.”對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，眼見為實(shí)，盡管我們偶爾會(huì)思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者緊接著提及“othersensesarelargeancillary”其他感官主要是輔助。由此可知，作者是主要是強(qiáng)調(diào)，視覺是認(rèn)識(shí)世界的主要方式，選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.信息推理題。最后一段作者將自己和狗狗進(jìn)行對(duì)比，雖然他們看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗還可以通過嗅覺感知周圍的世界，而人類主要是依靠視覺，這說明“現(xiàn)象學(xué)原理”指的是一種了解某事的方式和方法。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.”風(fēng)吹到我們的背上，世界平行的呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。這是我們感知世界的一種方式，而狗狗同樣也能以這種方式感知到世界，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，狗狗可以通過嗅覺標(biāo)記出貓?jiān)诨▓@中尋找食物的路徑，而作者只能通過視覺來尋找。由此可知，說明狗與人感知世界的方式是不同的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

15.單選題

26-30

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Vegetativepatientsaremoreaware.

B.Vegetativepatientsretainsomecontroloftheireyemovement.

C.EEGscansmayhelpuscommunicatewiththevegetativepatients.

D.Weusuallycommunicatewiththebrain-deadpeoplebybrain-wave.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theleft-handsideofthebrain.

B.Theright-handsideofthebrain.

C.Thecentralpartofthebrain.

D.Thefrontpartofthebrain.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.31

B.6

C.4

D.1

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatientwasbrain-dead.

B.Thepatientwasn’tbrain-dead.

C.Thepatienthadsomecontroloverhiseyemovements.

D.Thepatientknewthemovementheorshewasmaking.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatientisnotechnicallyvegetative.

B.Thepatientcancommunicateinsomeway.

C.Wecantrainthepatientofspeak.

D.Thefamilymembersanddoctorscanprovidebettercare.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】(26)Brainwavescannersmightmakeitpossibletocommunicatewithpeoplewhoareconsideredbrain-dead,accordingtoanewstudyreportedintheEconomist.

Acoupleofrecentstudieshaveshownthatasmallminorityofvegetativepatientsmightbemoreawarethantheyseem.Now,DamienCruse,withtheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,UK,thinksEEGmachineswillbeabletohelpthesepatientscommunicate.

Theteamasked6healthyvolunteerstowearEEGdevices,whichconnectelectrodestoaperson’shead.Theywereaskedtorespondtoanaudibletonebyimaginingthattheyweresqueezingtheirrighthandsorwigglingthetoesofbothfeet.(27)Theresearchersfoundthatthevolunteers’brainresponseswereclearlydifferent-thehand-squeezingactivatedtheleft-handsideofthebrain,andthetoewigglingproducedaresponseinthecenterofthebrain.

Thentheytestedtheprocedureonapatientwithlocked-insyndrome,whowasalmostcompletelyparalyzedbutretainssomecontrolofhiseyemovements.Hisbrainresponseswerethesame.Finally,(29)theytestedtheprocedureonapatientwhohadbeendeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier.TheywatchedtheEEGsignalsandwereabletodeducewhichmovementthepatientwasimagining.

(28)Thesameteamhadstudied23vegetativepatientsover4yearsandfound4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity.Theywereaskedtoimagineplayingtenniswhentheywantedtogiveoneresponse,orwalkingaroundthehousewhentheywantedtogivetheother.

(30)Sincethepatientswereresponsive,they’renottechnicallyvegetative,theresearcherssay.Proofthattheycancommunicatethatthey’renotbrain-deadwouldhavemajorimplicationsforfamilymembers’anddoctors’decisionsabouttheircare.

26.Whatdoesthistalkmainlytellus?

【解析】文章提到：腦波掃描可能使得人們與腦死亡病人交流成為可能。故選C。

27.Forthe6healthyvolunteers,whichpartofthebraindidthehand-squeezingimaginationactivate?

【解析】根據(jù)文章可知實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果大為不同：攥拳頭激發(fā)了大腦的左半部，而動(dòng)腳趾激發(fā)了大腦的中部。故選A。

28.Ofthe23vegetativepatients,howmanywerefoundtobeabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyesor-noquestions?

【解析】原文信息是…studied23vegetativepatients...found4patientswereabletoconsistentlyrespondtoyes-or-noquestionsbychangingtheirbrainactivity，即參加實(shí)驗(yàn)的23個(gè)植物人病人中有4個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)問題有持續(xù)反應(yīng)。故選C。

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudyonthepatientdeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier?

【解析】根據(jù)文章描述，研究者通過EEG信號(hào)觀察，那些兩年前被診斷為植物人的病人，即可以知道病人在想些什么，證明那些是有大腦活動(dòng)的，并不是真正的腦死亡。故選B。

30.WhenEEGsignalsindicatethatavegetativepatientisresponsive,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

【解析】通過對(duì)第26題與第29題的解答，可知A和B選項(xiàng)的表述正確。文章最后提到這一研究結(jié)果對(duì)于家屬和醫(yī)生護(hù)理有很好的的借鑒意義，所以D項(xiàng)正確。文章沒有提到C項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuch

delicatenegotiations,（

）tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewould