外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練習(xí)5：必修1 Unit 5　Into the wild(含解析)

課時(shí)質(zhì)量評價(jià)(五)必修第一冊Unit5IntothewildA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AYoumaynotwanttoadmitit,butactuallyatonetimeinyourlife,you'vetalkedtoananimal.Maybeitwaslettingadogknowitwasagooddog1.________askingacatwhereithadbeen.Maybeyougavewordsof2.________(encourage)toanelephantorscoldedasheep.Whicheveranimalitwasyoutalkedto,onethingisforsure:itprobablydidn'ttalkback.Whatifitcould?3.________(science)areworkingonwaystonotonlyunderstandwhatanimalsaresaying，butalsostudywhethertheycantalkbackoneday.Maybetheirworkwillchange4.________waywethinkaboutanimalsinthefuture.Sofar,noone5.________(prove)thatananimaloraspecieshasalanguage,partlybecausethereisno6.________(universe)ideaofwhatcanbeconsideredasalanguage.But7.________(broad)speaking,languageshouldbeadistinctandorganisedformofcommunication,8.________hasbeenlearnedandusedwillingly.Whenyourdogbarks,youdon'tconsideritaslanguage.Thereasonisthatdogsarebornwiththeability.Butsomestudiessuggestthatsomeanimalsdocommunicateinaverycomplexmanner9.________(show)characteristicsoflanguage.So，maybeweareclose10.________talkingwithanimals.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。生活中存在人和動物對話的情況，其實(shí)動物也有自己的語言?？茖W(xué)家們不僅在研究動物們說什么，而且還在研究有朝一日它們是否會回應(yīng)。1.or考查連詞。此處指你和動物談話的內(nèi)容，兩者是選擇關(guān)系，故填or。2.encouragement考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處和of連用修飾名詞words，用名詞，指“鼓勵(lì)的話”，故填encouragement。3.Scientists考查名詞。此處作主語用名詞；根據(jù)句意可知，表示“科學(xué)家”，與動詞are一致用復(fù)數(shù)，故填Scientists。4.the考查冠詞。此處特指我們對未來動物的看法，表特指用定冠詞，故填the。5.hasproved/proven考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語Sofar可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與主語noone一致用單數(shù)，故填hasproved/proven。6.universal考查形容詞。修飾句中的名詞idea用形容詞，指“普遍的想法”，故填universal。7.broadly考查副詞。修飾speaking用副詞，指“一般地說，廣義地說”，故填broadly。8.which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中包含非限制性定語從句，指代前面的form用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)，故填which。9.showing考查非謂語動詞。賓語從句中已有謂語動詞docommunicate，此處用非謂語動詞。主語someanimals和動詞show是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填showing。10.to考查固定搭配。becloseto表示“接近于”，為固定短語，故填to。BHighontheQinghai-TibetPlateau1.________(lie)China's“watertower”Sanjiangyuan.ItishometotheheadwatersofChina'sthreerivers:theYellowRiver,YangtzeRiver,andLancang(Mekong)River.Itisthethreerivers2.________providewaterforabouthalfthepopulationofChina.However,humanactivitiesareputtingthisecosystem3.________risk.Hopefully,though,wecanrepairthisdamage.In2016,theChinesegovernmentestablishedSanjiangyuanNationalParkinQinghaiProvince.Thepark,4.________(schedule)toopenin2020,hasincreasedthearea'sgreencoverageandattractedmorewildlife.Thelocalgovernmenthasalsomadegreateffortstoimprovebiologicaldiversity.ThesuccessofSanjiangyuanwillmarkthestartofa5.________(green)future.WithSanjiangyuan6.________(take)thelead,nineotherregionsinChina7.________(choose)byafieldconservationstationtocarryoutprojectsoverthepastthreeyears,8.________willformanationalparksystemtogether.TheideaofanationalparksystemisstillnewinChina,but9.________(it)realisationisurgent.Afterall,buildinganecologicalcivilisationbearsgreat10.________【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在三江源生態(tài)保護(hù)區(qū)的帶動下，中國正在進(jìn)行全國范圍內(nèi)的生態(tài)保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)，這將對人類文明的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步起到重要的作用。1.lies考查倒裝和動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為倒裝句，主語為China's“watertower”Sanjiangyuan可視為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所填空為本句的謂語動詞，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填lies。2.that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，將句中的itis刪掉之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。由此推知本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：itis＋強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他內(nèi)容。故填that。3.at考查固定搭配。putsth.atrisk意為“使某事物處于危險(xiǎn)之中”，為固定搭配，故填at。4.scheduled考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中謂語動詞為hasincreased，因此所填空用非謂語。所填詞與之前的名詞之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，故填scheduled。5.greener考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)狀相比，未來更加“綠化”，因此所填空應(yīng)是形容詞比較級，故填greener。6.taking考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填空為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。所填動詞與之前的名詞之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用v.-ing形式。故填taking。7.havebeenchosen考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填謂語。根據(jù)之后的時(shí)間狀語“overthepastthreeyears”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且動詞與主語之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)填havebeendone結(jié)構(gòu)，故填havebeenchosen。8.which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“8.________willformanationalparksystemtogether”應(yīng)是之前的名詞短語“nineotherregions”的非限制性定語從句，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。9.its考查物主代詞?？蘸鬄槊~，因此應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。10.importance考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？涨盀樾稳菰~great，因此應(yīng)填名詞形式。所給詞important為形容詞，意為“重要的”，其名詞形式為importance，故填importance。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.那次事故后，他和妻子從這個(gè)城市搬到了另一個(gè)城市。(move)Heandhiswifemovedfromthiscitytoanotherafterthataccident.2.我一直在打掃房間，還沒有掃完。(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))IhavebeencleaningthehousebutIstillhaven'tfinished.3.我通過聽英語歌提高英語。(by)IimprovemyEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs．4.你是怎么設(shè)法做成這樣的事的？(manage)Howdidyoumanagetodosuchathing?5.直到我認(rèn)出他來他才摘下墨鏡。(not...until...)Hedidn'ttakeoffhisdarkglassesuntilIrecognisedhim.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解Researchershaverecordedpenguinsmakingsoundsunderwaterforthefirsttime—thefirsttimesuchbehaviourhasbeenidentifiedinseabirds.Theseanimals,likeotherseabirds,arehighlyvocalonland.Theyareknowntocommunicatewhentheirheadsareabovethewaterintheocean,possiblyforthepurposesofgroupformation.However,untilthelateststudy—publishedinthejournalZoologicalScience—itwasnotknownwhetherpenguinsmadesoundsunderwater,likesomeotherair-breathingmarinepredators,suchaswhalesanddolphins.Fortheirresearch,ateamofscientistsledbyAndréafromNelsonMandelaUniversityinSouthAfrica,wantedtoinvestigatethisissue.Todoso,theyfittedadultpenguinsfromthreespecieswithvideocamerasfeaturingbuilt-inmicrophones.TothesurpriseofAndréaandhercolleagues,theteamrecordedatotalof203underwatervocalisationsfromthepenguinsintheunderwaterfootagetheycapturedoveramonth-longperiodin2019.Thesearethefirstrecordingsofseabirdsproducingvocalisationsunderwater.“Icouldn'tbelieveit.Ihadtoreplayitmanytimes，”Andréasaid.Thevocalisationsthattheteamrecorded—whichsoundlikerapidwhoops—wereveryshortinduration,lastingabout0.06secondsonaverage.Andallofthesesoundswereemitted(發(fā)出)duringdivesinwhichtheanimalsweresearchingforfood.Currently,itisnotclearwhythepenguinsaremakingthesesounds;however,theyonlyproducethemwhilehunting.Infact,morethan50percentofthevocalisationswereimmediatelyprecededbyanaccelerationmovementorfollowedbyanattempttohunt.Accordingtotheresearchersthissuggeststhatthesoundsarerelatedtohuntingbehaviour—especiallybecausethepenguinstendtobealonewhentheymakethem,indicatingthatcommunicationwasnotthepurpose.Theresearchersguessthatthepenguinsmaybeusingthevocalisationstostun(使昏迷)theirprey.However,muchmoreresearchisrequiredtodeterminewhythepenguinsmakethesesounds,thescientistsnote.1.HowdoesAndréa'steamconductthestudyaboutpenguins?A.Byrecordingpenguins'soundsonland.B.Byfixingelectronicdevicesonthepenguins.C.Byobservingpenguins'activitiesunderwater.D.Bycatchingdifferentkindsofadultpenguins.2.WhatcanweinferfromAndréa'swordsinParagraph3?A.Penguins'soundsaretoolowtohear.B.Shedoubtsifpenguinscouldmakesounds.C.Penguinsseldommakesoundsunderwater.D.It'snoteasytoobtainpenguins'soundsunderwater.3.Whendopenguinsprobablyproducesoundsunderwater?A.Whentheytakeadeepbreath.B.Whentheydivetohuntforfood.C.Whentheyteachtheirbabiesdiving.D.Whentheycommunicatewiththeirpartners.4.Whatisthescientists'attitudetowardstheresearchresults?A.Cautious.B.Negative.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員首次記錄到企鵝在水下發(fā)出的聲音，他們猜測企鵝可能是在用發(fā)聲來擊昏獵物。然而，科學(xué)家們指出需要更多的研究來確定企鵝發(fā)出這些聲音的原因。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“theyfittedadultpenguinsfromthreespecieswithvideocamerasfeaturingbuilt-inmicrophones”可知，安德里亞的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過在企鵝身上安裝電子設(shè)備而進(jìn)行研究的，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.D句意猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thesearethefirstrecordingsofseabirdsproducingvocalisationsunderwater.‘Icouldn'tbelieveit.Ihadtoreplayitmanytimes，’Andréasaid.”可知，記錄到企鵝在水下發(fā)出的聲音是很不容易的，故D項(xiàng)正確。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Andallofthesesoundswereemitted(發(fā)出)duringdivesinwhichtheanimalsweresearchingforfood.Currently,itisnotclearwhythepenguinsaremakingthesesounds;however,theyonlyproducethemwhilehunting.”可知，企鵝可能會在潛水覓食的時(shí)候發(fā)出聲音，故B項(xiàng)正確。4.A觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theresearchersguessthatthepenguinsmaybeusingthevocalisationstostun(使昏迷)theirprey.However,muchmoreresearchisrequiredtodeterminewhythepenguinsmakethesesounds,thescientistsnote.”，特別是“muchmoreresearch”可知，科學(xué)家對研究結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，故A項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·山東六地市聯(lián)合測試)Bend,asmalltowninOregon,iscalled“mooncountry”.Beforetheastronautsever1ittothemoon,theytrainedinBend.WhenJimIrwincametoBendfor2，hemadefriendswithFloydWatson,a(n)3resident,whowasthebuildinginspectorforthecity.Fiveyearslater,Irwinwas4fortheApollo15moonlanding.WhenthenewsthathisoldfriendwouldgotothemooncametoWatson's5，hechoseapieceoflavarock(火山巖)nearDevil'sLake,6itinpaper.ThenhepostedittoIrwinwithaletterwherehe7himandmadearequest,“Iamsendingyoua8pieceofCentralOregonlava,whichIhopeyouwillbeableto9tothemoonforme.”O(jiān)ffwenttheletter,andWatsonthought10ofit.Afewmonthslater,onJuly26,1971,Irwin11tothemoonwithDavidScottandAlfredWorden.Andafewweeksaftertheir12，WatsongotanunexpectedletterfromIrwin.“Ididcarryyourpieceoflavatothemoonandleftitthere，”Irwinwrote—andenclosed(附上)a13ofit,withthesmallpieceofOregonlava14withanarrowandthewords“Oregonlavaonthemoon！”ForWatsontheletterandthepicturewere15.And,ofcourse,heneverlookedatthemoonthesamewayagain.1.A.did B.made C.took D.grasped2.A.adventure B.research C.amusement D.practice3.A.local B.aggressive C.gifted D.academic4.A.carriedout B.pickedout C.ruledout D.checkedout5.A.sense B.rescue C.knowledge D.assistance6.A.enveloped B.measured C.designed D.transformed7.A.thanked B.welcomed C.congratulated D.followed8.A.huge B.valuable C.unique D.tiny9.A.fly B.deliver C.orbit D.float10.A.much B.highly C.little D.low11.A.escaped B.rushed C.wandered D.journeyed12.A.arrival B.return C.application D.campaign13.A.postcard B.drawing C.photo D.note14.A.equipped B.decorated C.covered D.marked15.A.reliable B.precious C.permanent D.realistic【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。宇航員JimIrwin在美國俄勒岡州Bend小鎮(zhèn)接受登月訓(xùn)練時(shí)，結(jié)交了一位當(dāng)?shù)睾糜袴loydWatson。當(dāng)Watson聽說Irwin被選為“阿波羅15號”登月宇航員時(shí)，他希望好友把一小塊取自Bend小鎮(zhèn)湖邊的火山巖放到月球上。Irwin的確把這塊火山巖送上了月球，并拍照留念。1.Bmakeit為固定短語，意為“獲得成功”，符合句意。2.D根據(jù)上文中的“Beforetheastronautsever1ittothemoon,theytrainedinBend.”及下文中的“Irwinwas4fortheApollo15moonlanding”“Irwin11tothemoonwithDavidScottandAlfredWorden”可知，JimIrwin是一名宇航員，來到Bend接受登月訓(xùn)練。practice意為“練習(xí)，訓(xùn)練”，符合句意。3.A根據(jù)下文中的“whowasthebuildinginspectorforthecity”可以判斷FloydWatson是當(dāng)?shù)?local)居民。4.B五年后，Irwin被“阿波羅15號”登月計(jì)劃選中。pickout意為“精心挑選”，符合句意。5.C根據(jù)下文Watson給好朋友寫信及信的內(nèi)容可知，此處表示W(wǎng)atson得知了這一消息。cometoone'sknowledge意為“被某人知道”。6.Aenvelop表示“包住，裹住”，符合語境。7.C得知好朋友被選上，Watson應(yīng)是寫信表示祝賀(congratulated)。8.D這塊被送到月球上的火山巖很小，下文中的“withthesmallpieceofOregonlava”有提示。9.Bdeliver在此是“傳送，遞送”之意，符合句意。10.C根據(jù)下文中的“WatsongotanunexpectedletterfromIrwin”可知，此處表示信寄出去了，從此Watson很少想到這件事，所以后來他收到回信才會感到出乎意料。thinklittleof意為“不重視”。11.D根據(jù)語境可知，Irwin和其他兩人前往月球。此處journey作動詞，表示“旅行(尤指長途)”。12.B在他們返回(return)地球幾個(gè)星期后，Watson意外收到了Irwin的來信。13.C根據(jù)下文中的“theletterandthepicture”可知，Irwin隨信還附了一張有火山巖的照片(photo)。14.Dmark在此是動詞，意為“做標(biāo)記，做記號”，bemarkedwith在此意為“用……標(biāo)注”。15.B根據(jù)語境和下文中的“And,ofcourse,heneverlookedatthemoonthesamewayagain.”可知，對Watson來說，那封信和那張照片是很珍貴的(precious)。Ⅲ.語法填空Monkeysdonotlikeitwhenothersgetmorefood1.________theydo,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchersfromYaleandHarvardUniversitiesfoundCapuchinmonkeyspunishmonkeys2.________getmorefood.“Thissortof,‘IfIcan'thaveit,noonecan’responseisbecause3.________psychologicalspite(怨恨),anditwas4.________(previous)thoughtuniquetohumans，”saidKristinLeimgruberofHarvardUniversity.Sheisaco-authoroftheresearchstudy.TheresearcherswatchedassomeCapuchinmonkeys5.________(give)morefoodthanothers.Theyfoundthatmo