初中高級語法教材

ContentsTOC\o"1-5"\h\z第一章現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ) P2\o"CurrentDocument"第二章現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)--能力拓展 P9第三章過去完成時(shí)--夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ) P16\o"CurrentDocument"第四章過去完成時(shí)一能力拓展 P20第五章過去進(jìn)行時(shí) P24第六章被動(dòng)語態(tài) P31第七章定語從句--夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ) P37第八章定語從句--能力拓展 P42第九章賓語從句一夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ) P47\o"CurrentDocument"第十章賓語從句--能力拓展 P54第一章現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)匚二）語法詳解一、定義：1、表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果eg.Ihavealreadyhadlunch,soIamnothungrynow.2、發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還有可能持續(xù)到未來的動(dòng)作eg.Ihavebeenateacherfor5years..二、構(gòu)成：have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞（done）三、句型：①肯定句：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他eg.IhavelivedinBeijingfor10years.②否定句：主語+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他eg.Ihaven'tlivedinBeijingfor10years.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他eg.HaveyoulivedinBeijingfor10years?Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadn't.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他）eg.HowlonghaveyoulivedinBeijing?四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1、表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果以already,just和yet為標(biāo)志Hehasalreadygotherhelp.他已得到她的幫助。Hehasjustseenthefilm.他剛剛看過這場電影。Hehasn'tcomebackyet.他還沒有回來。以ever和never為標(biāo)志ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。HehasneverbeentoBeijing.他從沒有到過北京。以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。以sofar（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+beforeHehasgottoBeijingsofar.到目前為止他已到了北京。Shehaspassedtheexamsofar.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2、發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且還有可能持續(xù)到未來的動(dòng)作*①for+時(shí)段②since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(過去從句)為標(biāo)志Ihavebeenastudentfor8years.IhavebeenastudentsinceIwas6.五、過去分詞1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則:(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”。work—worked—worked,visit—visited—visited(2)、以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“d”。live—lived---lived,(3)、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將"y"變?yōu)?i",再加“ed”。study—studied—studied,cry—cried—cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”。stop—stopped—stopped,drop—dropped-dropped2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞AAA型AAB型原型過去式過去分詞原型過去式過去分詞letletletbeatbeatbeatencutcutcutputputputABA型setsetset原型過去式過去分詞hithithitcomecamecomeshutshutshutbecomebecamebecomehurthurthurtrunranruncostcostcostcastcastcastburstburstburstspreadspreadspreadreadread/red/read/red/ABB型ABC型bringbroughtbroughtbeginbeganbegun

buyboughtboughtblowblewblownbuildbuiltbuiltbreakbrokebrokenburnburntburntchoosechosechosencatchcaughtcaughtdrawdrewdrawndigdugdugdrivedrovedrivenfeelfeltfeltdrinkdrankdrunkfightfoughtfoughtflyflewflownfindfoundfoundforgiveforgaveforgivenhearheardheardgivegavegivenholdheldheldforgetforgotforgottenkeepkeptkeptfreezefrozefrozenleadledledgrowgrewgrownloselostlostknowknewknownmakemademaderideroderiddenmeetmetmetriseroserisensellsoldsoldringrangrungshootshotshotshakeshookshakensitsatsatsingsangsungstandstoodstoodsinksanksunksweepsweptsweptswimswamswumteachtaughttaughtthrowthrewthrowntelltoldtoldwritewrotewrittenthinkthoughtthoughtwinwonwon實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式以及過去分詞dogobegindogobeginhavebuyeatputlivestopseekeepcome二、用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空haveseenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim..Jackhasfinishedhishomeworkanhourago..Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschooltenyears.."Haveyouseenthefilm?”"No"haveseenit."."Hasthebusleft?” "Yes,ithasleft.”三、按要求完成句子她已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了O 否定句： 一般疑問句： 特殊疑問句：我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)10年了。 否定句： 一般疑問句： 特殊疑問句：Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改寫)Ijustanewbike.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)WeEnglishthreeyearsHehaslivedheresince1999.(就劃線部分提問) hehere?Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.(否定)Theythework.四、用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空。1.1already(see)thefilm.2. he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999..Shehasn't(return)herbookyet..HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks..youever(eat)chocolatesundaes?No,never..She's(live)hereeversinceshewasten..you(find)yourwatchyet?.—Areyouthirsty?—NoIjust(have)someorange.五、選擇填空1.一Ourcountryalotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.hasC.has2.ZhaoLarA.was；C.has；3.Wechanged；wellB.changed；betterD.i already studying B. will；studied D. are；XiaoLisinceshechanged；goodchanged；better_inthisschoolfortwoyears,studystudyingwasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknown4.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.l_A.w川seeB.haveseenC.haveknown ittwice.C.sawD.knewD.see.、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still.HaveyoumetMrLi?A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago.-WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?-Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.met B.havemetC.hadmetD.w川meet.Wehavelivedherefiveyearsago.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after.You'veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,?A.haven'tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don'tyou.Theoldpeoplelonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweek.A.don'tfeelB.hasn'tfeltC.haven'tfeltD.didn'tfeel中考鏈接：.Myauntisawriter.She morethantenbookssince1980.（北京）A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.w川write.TheSmithscametoShanghaiin2008,they_thereforthreeyearssincethen.（廣西）A.live B.lived C.havelivedD.willlive.-HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?-Yes,.（廣西）A.Iwas B.Ido C.Iam D.Ihave.Mypenpalsaidhewouldwritetome,butI anylettersfromhimsofar.（北京）A.won'treceiveB.haven'treceivedC.hadn'treceivedD.didn'treceive.-AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?（貴州）-No,theytoShanghai.A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemoved.-Chinadevelopssofast.-That'strue.Italotalready.（安徽）A.changesB.changedC.willchangeD.haschanged.-HaveyouevervisitedGermany?（云南）-.ButIexpecttogothereagain.A.PerhapsB.No,Ihaven'tC.Idon'tknowD.Yes,Ihave.SamcametoBaihaiin2002.Heherefornineyears.（廣西）A.lives B.waslivingC.haslivedD.willlive.Mr.Fan thiswatchin2005.heitfor6years.A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However,he_yet.（安徽）A.didn'tarriveB.doesn'tarriveC.isn'tarrivingD.hasn'tarrivedHomeworkReadthisstorycarefully,coveritandcompletethesentencesbelow.Happybirthday,Jilly!Six-year-oldJillyhasbeenverydisappointed.It'sherbirthdaytoday,andshehasn'treceivedanybirthdaycards.Alotofpeoplehavesentcards,andafewpeoplehavesentherapresenttoo,butthepostmanhasn'tdeliveredanything.Jilly^motherrangthepostoffice.'Where'sthepostmantoday?'sheasked.cWhathashappenedtothepost?It'smydaughter'sbirthday.She'ssix,andyouhaven'tdeliveredherbirthdaycards!'‘I'msorry,Japostmanexplained.cWe'reonstriketoday.Wecandeliveryourcardstomorrow.)'Butthatwillbetoolate!'Jilly'smotherexclaimed.cIt'sherbirthdaytoday!’'Isee/thepostmansaid.'Look,Ican'tdeliverthemtoyoutoday,butgivemetenminutes.FilfindallJilly'scardsforyou.Thenyoucancomeandcollectthem.WillthatbeOK?'SoJillyandhermotherareontheirwaytothepostofficenow.PerhapsJillywillhaveahappybirthdayafterall.Jillyisyearsoldtoday,butsheisn'tveryhappy.Infact,sheisvery It'sherbirthday，butshehasn'thadany.Peoplehavesentherand,butthehasn'tany.第二章現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)…能力拓展匚二＞語法詳解一、hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的區(qū)別Have/Hasgone(to)法了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)eg.Whereisyourfather?HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen(to)法過(已不在去過的地方)eg.MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久(還在所呆的地方)eg.MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths,/sincetwomonthsago.二、瞬間動(dòng)詞(buy,die,join,come,go.leave,join...)不能直接與forsince連用。要改變動(dòng)詞1、buy--have borrow——keepcome/arrive/reach/getto——beingoout--beout leave--beaway begin——beon finish--beoveropen--beopen close——beclosed die--bedead1.have代替buyMybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.2、用keep或have代替borrowIhavekept(不能用haveborrowed)thebookforquiteafewdays.3、用be替代becomeHowlonghasyoursisterbeenateacher?4、用haveacold代替catchacoldTomhashadacoldsincethedaybeforeyesterday.5、用wear代替putonA)用“be+形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1、be+married代marry3、be+deadRdie5、be+awake代wake/wakeup7、be+openKopen9、be+missing(gone,lost)RloseB)用“be+副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1“be+on”代start,begin2、be+ill代fall(get)ill4、be+asleep代fall(get)asleep6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave8、beclosed代close/shut2"be+up”代getup3"be+back(to)”代returnto,comebackto,gobackto4"behere(there廠代come(arrive,reach,get)here或go(arrive,reach,get)thereC)用“be+介詞短語”代終止性動(dòng)詞."bein/at+地點(diǎn)”代替goto/cometo/moveto.用beinthearmy代替jointhearmy匚二〉實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、用have/hasbeento--have/hasgoneto—have/hasbeenin填空Where'sJim?--hehastoGuiLin.Shetothepark,shewillbebackintwohours.ItotheWestlake,Look,Ihavetakenmanyphotosonit.TheSmithsBeijingforyears.Theyhavetotheforestaloneandreturnedsafely.TheWhiteshavetotheU.S.A,Theywon'tcomeback.Wehavetothebookshopandboughtmanybooks.Shetoherhomeland;sheiscomingtomyhomenextweek.IhavetoHongKongtwice.WehavetotheMountTai,weallenjoyedourselves.二、短暫動(dòng)詞改寫為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.ItheUSAsince.Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.Theycameherelastweek.Theyheresince.Hecameouttwoyearsago.Hefor.WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.WetoFuzhousince.Ibecameateacherin2000.Iateacherfor.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriverdirtyfor.Theshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshopfor.Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoorforsixhours.HeleftFuzhoujustnow.HeFuzhouforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpafor.Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeetingforsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.Isince.Theymarriedin1990.Theysince.Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.Iatthisschoolsince.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilmfor.Theyborroweditlastweek.Theyitsince.Iboughtapentwohoursago.Iapenfor.Igottoknowhimlastyear.Ihimsince.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.Imyglassesfor.三、選擇填空.Hurryup,theplayfortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began.-Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?-Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had3.-DoyouknowLydiaverywell?-Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemade B.havebecomeC.havebeen D.haveturned.TheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.Live.-Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?-Sorry.He theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wentto D.w川goto6..- youever__totheUS? --Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,going7.Myparents Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen8.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice,she tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.went C.willgo D.hasbeen.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity10.HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoined C.wasinD.hasbeenin祗中考鏈接：1.Heinthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.（2014北京中考）A.willworkB.works C.hasworkedD.isworking2.MissLinalotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.（2013北京中考）A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo3.1Mr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai. （2012北京中考）A.didn'thearfrom B.don'thearfromC.won'thearfrom D.haven'theardfrom4.-MayIspeaktoMissWang? （山東淄博）-Sorry.Sheisn'tin.ShetoHongKong.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.went.LanmonhereforalmosttenyearsandhehasmanyChinesefriends.（云南昆明）A.hasbeenB.leftC.hascomeD.came.Mr.Fan thiswatchin2005.heitfor6years.（四川）A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had.Whereismysister,mum?-Shetothelibrary.Shewillbebacksoon.（山東）A.hasbeen B.isgoing C.hasgoneD.willgo.Youaretoolate.Thefilmsincehalfanhourago.（廣東）A.hasbegun B.hasbeenonC.beganD.hasbeenat.GreatchangesinTongreninthepastfiveyears.（貴州）A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace10.BritishPrinceWilliam（威廉王子）andKatefornearlytwomonths.（江蘇）A.marriedB.havemarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.havegotmarried1myhometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!（重慶）A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom.A:Howcleanthebedroomis!（重慶）B:Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned.-HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?（江蘇泰州）-Iknowtheplaceverywell.ISydneymanytimes.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havearrivedin14.Thomasthearmyfortwoyears,sohemisseshismotherverymuch.A.hasjoinedB.hastakenpartinC.hasbeeninD.hasjoinedinlsMr.Smithst川inShanghai?-Yes,hetherefortwomonths.（遼寧）A.hasbeen B.hasgoneC.hasbeentoD.hasgonetoHomeworkReadthisarticleandanswerthequestions.AlifewithoutfailurePeteHoffmanissixty-threeyearsold,andhehasbeenteachingpeopletodriveeversincehewastwenty.Thismaybeastrangejobforamanwhohasalwaysbeenextremelynervous,yetMr.Hoffmanisaverysuccessfuldrivinginstructor.Mostofhispupilspassthedrivingtestfirsttime.Mr.Hoffmanhasneveryettaughtanybodywhofailedthetestmorethanonce.Infact,thestreetsofBerlinarefullofgooddriverswhoweretaughtbyMr.Hoffman.Forthatreason,theannouncementinlastnight'slocalpaperwasabigsurprise.Mr.Hoffman,thepopulardrivinginstructor,hasbeenintroublewiththepolice.Becauseofhisage,Mr.Hoffmanhadtopassanumberoftestsbeforehecouldcontinueasadrivinginstructor.Duringthesetests,thepolicediscoveredthatMr.HoffmanhasneverpassedhisdrivingtestInfact,Mr.Hoffmanhasnevereventakenadrivingtest.Hehasalwaysbeentoonervous.’IappliedforthetestafewtimeswhenIwasyoung,1hesaid/butIneverturnedupontheday.Ijustcouldn'tbeartheideaoffailure.,ForhowmanyyearshasPeteHoffmanbeenteachingpeopletodrive?Howgoodadrivinginstructorishe?HasMr.Hoffmanalwaysbeenverynervous?Domostofhispupilspassthedrivingtestfirsttime?Whywaslastnight'sannouncementabigsurprise?WhohasMr.Hoffmanbeenintroublewith?Whatdidhehavetodobeforehecouldgoonasadrivinginstructor?Whatdidthepolicediscover?Whyhashenevertakenadrivingtest?Howoftendidheapplyforthetestwhenhewasyoung?Whydidheneverturnuponthedayofthetest?What'syouropinionofMr.Hoffman'snervousness?第三章過去完成時(shí)一-基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)一、定義：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。Eg.Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.在他們到達(dá)飯店之前，他們已經(jīng)吃過早飯了。 hadbreakfast / arrivedatthehotel——/——now /--e=>二、構(gòu)成：had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(done)三、句型：肯定句：主語+had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞(done)+其他Eg.Lucyhadfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermothergothome.否定句：主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞過去分詞(done)+其他Eg.Lucyhadn'tfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermothergothome.一般疑問句：Hack主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞(done)+其他Eg.HadLucyfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermothergothome?Yes,shehad./No,shehadn't.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(Had+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞(done)+其他)Eg.WhathadLucydonebeforehermothergothome?四、過去完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志.由時(shí)間狀語來判定 與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：1)by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.(2)bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：WehadlearnedtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.(3)before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday..由“過去的過去”來判定。過去完成時(shí)表示"過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1)賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。如：Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.(2)狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如:WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…”Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't..根據(jù)上、下文來判定。ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.匚二〉實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.(改否定句)2、Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.(改一般疑問及回答)3、HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.(對劃線部分提問)二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空WhenIreturnedhome,he(leave)。Bytenyesterdayevening,she(finish)writing.He(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.It(stop)rainingwhenIwokeupthismorning.I(notread)thebookbecauseIhadreaditbefore.Whenhe(come)toChinatwoyearsagohefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.IsawHanMeiyesterday.We(notsee)eachothersinceleftBeijing.WhenIgottohishome,he(go)tobed.SheaskedifMr.Liualready(come)back.

三、選擇填空1、WefiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDw川havelearned2、HanMeitoldmeshelunch,soshewasveryhungry.AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thad3、ThemeetingwhenMr.Wangtoschool.Ahasbegun；getBhasbeenon；getChadbegun；gotDhadbeenon；got4、What Janebythetimehewasseven?A.did,do B.has,doneCdid,did. D.had,doneBythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.Ahadcooked B.cooked C.havecookedD.Was6、ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseen B.saw C.willsee D.hadseen7、Shehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.for B.in C.by D.At8、WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryforalmostanhour.A.hadgone B.hadsetofC.hadleft D.hadbeenaway9、Wecouldn'tcatchupwiththeothersbecausetheytoolongbeforeus.A.started B.werestartingC.havestartedD.hadstarted10^DidyouseeXiaoLiattheparty?No,bythetimeIarrived.A.she'dleftB.she'sleftC.ShewasleftD.shemustleave11、ThejobprovedtobemuchmoredifficultthanI.A.expect B.expectedC.wouldexpectD.hadexpected12、WhenIreachedhome,myparentstheirsupper.A.arehavingB.havealreadyhadC.havehadD.hadalreadyhad13、Itohelpyoubutcouldn'tgethereintime.A.want B.hadwantedC.havewantedD.waswanting14、Thestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned15、Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.leftA.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left16.Bytheendoflastweek,theythebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompletedMybrotherisanactor.Heinseveralfilmssofar.A.appearsB.appearedC.hasappearedD.isappearing18.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylinesbynow.A.hasbeencompletedB.havecompletedC.hascompletedD.havebeencompleted卷中考鏈接：Themeeting_bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.（烏魯木齊）A.wasonB.hasbeenonC.hadbegunD.hasbegunBytheendoflastmonth,IalltheCDsofJustinBieber.（上海）A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollectedBythetimeIgottothecinema,themoviefortenminutes.（山東淄博）A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD.hasbeenon4.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themoviefortenminutes.（廣東河源）A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasstartedD.hasbeenon5.HeinXinxiangforfiveyearswhenIheardhisnews. （海南三亞）A.haslivedB.hadlivedC.islivingD.hasbeenlivedReadthisstoryCiirtliillv.Ihenreadthestatementsaboutit.Aretheytrueorfalse?Thegreatescapewerecaught,butmostofthemwereAfterayoungkeeperhadleftagateopen,forty-threemonkeysgotoutoftheirenclosureatthezoo.Theyclimbedintothetreesnearthelionenclosureandchatteredloudly.Thelionsbegantoroar.Soon,alltheanimalsinthezooweremakinganunbelievablenoise.Keepersraninalldirections.Theybroughtnetstohelpthemtocatchthemonkeys,butthemonkeyswouldnotcomedownfromthetrees.werecaught,butmostofthemwereandsomeofthemabanana,theyranawayagain.Theyoungkeeperrantothekitchenandbroughtbackabigboxofbananas.Afewofthemonkeyscamedownforabanana,tooquick.Assoonastheyhadtakenandsomeofthemabanana,theyranawayagain.Suddenly,therewasashout.Theyoungkeeperhadleftthekitchendooropenwhenhebroughtoutthebananas.Afamilyofmonkeyshadgotintothekitchenandwerehavingaparty.TheHeadKeeperclosedthezooandaskedthevisitorstoleave.Seventeenhourslater,thirty-ninemonkeyshadbeencaught,butamotherandherthreebabieswerestillplayinginthetrees.Nobodycouldcatchthem.Atlast,theygottiredandfellasleep.Bythattime,thekeeperswereverytiredtoo!TrueFalseIMorethanfiftymonkeysescapedfromtheirenclosure.Themonkeyssatquietlyinsometrees.Thekeepershadtotrytocatchthelions,too.Theyoungkeepergotsomebananasfromthekitchen.Allthemonkeyscamedownforbananasandwerecaughtthisway.Oneofthemonkeyshadleftthekitchendooropen.Thekeepershadapartyinthekitchen.TheHeadKeeperorderedthevisitorstoleave.Ittookseventeenhourstocatchmostofthemonkeys.1°Thelastthreemonkeyswerecaughtbytheyoungkeeper.[Horn第四章過去完成時(shí)--能力拓展

定義結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志詞一般過去時(shí)過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式y(tǒng)esterday,last ago,過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)間等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)發(fā)生在過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在有影響的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響have/hasdonefor+時(shí)間段，since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，sofar,already等模糊時(shí)間過去完成時(shí)發(fā)生在過去的過去haddoneby/bytheendof+過去的時(shí)間，或通過從句分析時(shí)間狀語實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、選擇填空.Mothermeanewcoatyesterday.Iiton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade...havetriedB.made...havetried C.hasmade...tried D.made...tried"Hetodrawhorsesalready"."Whenhe?""Lastyear"A.learned...hasB.learned...did C.haslearned...hasD.haslearned...did.WhatJanebythetimehewassever?A.did,do B.has,doneCdid,did. D.had,done.youthetextyet?Yes,weittwohoursago.A.Did...copy...didB.Have...copied...have C.Have...copied...didD.Did...copy...had."Whysheangry?""BecauseheatherjustnowA.did...get...shouted B.has...got...shoutedC.did...get...hasshouted D.has...got...hasshouted.Shelivedhereforyears.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.Ahadcooked B.cooked C.havecookedD.wascooked.ShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseen B.saw C.w川see D.hadseen.thebabystill?No,itcrying.A.Has...cried...hasstoppedB.Is...crying...stoppedC.Did...cry...stoppedD.Is...crying...hasstopped1theway.Ihereforquitemanyyears.A.knew...havelivedB.knew...liveC.know...havelivedD.know...liveyoueverAmerica?Yes,Ihave.A.Have...gonetoB.Have...gonein C.Have...beentoD.Have...beeninMybrothercollegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenatHetheArmybytheendof1989.Heinthearmysincethen.A.joined...is B.hasjoined...hasbeenC.hadjoined...isD.hadjoined...hasbeenBythetimeIbacktheyuptensatellites.A.came...havesentB.came...hadsentC.come...havesentD.hadcome...sentJackoverfivelessonsbyseveno'clock.Thenhearest.A.went...tookB.went...hadtakenC.hadgone...tookD.hadgone...hadtakenBythetimehewas4,healotofGermanwords.D.learnsD.D.learnsD.leftD.werelivingD.hadarrived16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleft B.hadleftC.hasleftTheyinGuangzhousince2000.A.lived B.hadlivedC.havelivedThetrainfromBeijingtenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedThestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleanedFergietheprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishes D.hasfinished中考鏈接：—MayIspeaktotheheadmaster?（2012北京）—Heameetingnow.CanItakeamessage?D.willhaveA.D.willhaveIMr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai.（2012北京）A.didn'thearfrom B.don'thearfromC.won,thearfrom D.haven'theardfrom-WherewereyoulastSaturday?—IintheCapitalMuseum.（2012北京）A.amB.willbe C.was D.havebeenTheremanytreesinfrontofmyhousenow.（2013北京）A.isB.areC.wasD.WereMr.Green,afamouswriter,ourschoolnextweek.（2013北京）A.visitedB.visitsC.wasvisitingD.w川visit6.MissLinalotofworkforthepoorareasince2010.（2013北京）A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo7.—Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon?—Itheclassroom.（2014北京）A.wascleaningB.havecleanedC.willclean D.Clean8.Heinthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.（2014北京）A.w川workB.works C.hasworkedD.isworking9.—Whatdoyouoftendoatweekends?（2014北京）—Ioftenmygrandparents.A.visit B.visited C.havevisitedD.w川visitapicnicwithmybrotheryesterday.Itwasverygreat.（海淀一模）A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.amhavingLindaChineseforoneyearandshecanspeakgoodChinese.（海淀一模）A.learnB.learnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn-WhatdidMr.BrowndobeforehecametoChina?（朝陽一模）--Heinacarfactory.A.work B.workedC.isworkingD.willworkReadingReadthisarticleandaifswulh<<|iHslions.Adog'slifeTwobeggarswerewalkingalongaquietstreet.Athinlittledogwasfollowingthemhopefully.Oneofthebeggarssaid,*ItoldyouthisstreetwastooquietJoe.We'vegotne'foodnormoney,andnobody'sgoingtogiveusanythingonastreetlikethis."'That'strue,Pete,Whatwerethetwobeggarsdoing,andwhatwasalittledogdoing?Weretheyinanoisystreet?Didtheyhaveanyfoodormoney?Whatdidoneofthebeggarsjokeabout?Whatdidtheyseeinthedistance?Howfastwasittravelling?Whatdidthebeggarsdo?Anddidthedogdothesame?Joereplied.cWe'vehadabadday.We'lljusthavetoputupwith\unless,1headdedcheerfully/youeatthedog!Andthere'snotmuchmeatonhim!’Whatwerethetwobeggarsdoing,andwhatwasalittledogdoing?Weretheyinanoisystreet?Didtheyhaveanyfoodormoney?Whatdidoneofthebeggarsjokeabout?Whatdidtheyseeinthedistance?Howfastwasittravelling?Whatdidthebeggarsdo?Anddidthedogdothesame?Suddenly,theysawacarinthedistance.Itwascomingtowardsthemveryquickly.Betthebeggarsmovedtooneside,butthedogstayedinthemiddleoftheroad.Thedrivertriedtoslowdown,butitwastoolate.Thecarhitthedogandkilledit.Thedrivergotoutandapproachedthetwobeggars.'Poorlittledog/Petesaidsadly.I'mterriblysorry,1thedriversaid.cItriedtoavoidyourdog,butIcouldn't.'Hetookoutatwenty-poundnote.1Willthatbeallright?'heaskedanxiously,asheputthenoteintoPete'shand.'Yes,sir,thankyou,sir/Petereplied.*I'mterriblysorry!1thedriversaidagain,ashegotbackintohiscaranddroveaway.'Poorlittledog!'Petesaidagain,asheputthemoneyintohispocket.cWhosedogwasit,anyway?'Joeasked.Wh