土木工程專業(yè)英語常用詞匯

PartIV：CommonlyUsedProfessionalTermsofCivilEngineeringdevelopmentorganization建設(shè)單位designorganization設(shè)計單位constructionorganization施工單位reinforcedconcrete鋼筋混凝土pile樁steelstructure鋼構(gòu)造aluminiumalloy鋁合金masonry砌體（工程）reinforced~配筋砌體load-bearing~承重砌體unreinforced~非配筋砌體permissiblestress(allowablestress)容許應(yīng)力plywood膠合板retainingwall擋土墻finish裝修finishingmaterial裝修材料ventilation通風natural~自然通風mechanical~機械通風diaphragmwall(continuousconcretewall)地下持續(xù)墻villa別墅momentofinertia慣性矩torque扭矩stress應(yīng)力normal~法向應(yīng)力shear~剪應(yīng)力strain應(yīng)變agehardening時效硬化air-conditioningsystem空調(diào)系統(tǒng)(air)voidration（土）空隙比albery壁廚，壁龕almery壁廚，貯藏室anchoragelength錨固長度antiseismicjoint防震縫architecturalappearance建筑外觀architecturalarea建筑面積architecturaldesign建筑設(shè)計fiashing泛水workability(placeability)和易性safetyglass安全玻璃temperedglass(reinforcedglass)鋼化玻璃foamedglass泡沫玻璃asphalt瀝青felt(malthoid)油氈rivetedconnection鉚接welding焊接screwedconnection螺栓連接oakum麻刀，麻絲tee三通管tap存水彎esthetics美學formwork模板（工程）shoring支撐batching配料slipformconstruction(slipforming)滑模施工lfit-slabconstruction升板法施工massconcrete大體積混凝土terrazzo水磨石constructionjoint施工縫honeycomb蜂窩，空洞，麻面piledfoundation樁基deepfoundation深基本shallowfoundation淺基本foundationdepth基本埋深padfoundation獨立基本stripfoundation條形基本raftfoundation筏基boxfoundation箱形基本BSMT=basement地下室lift電梯electricelevatorliftwell電梯井escalator自動扶梯Poisson’sratio泊松比μYoung’smodulus,modulusofelasticity楊氏模量，彈性模量Esafetycoefficient安全系數(shù)fatiguefailure疲勞破壞bearingcapacityoffoundations地基承載力bearingcapacityofapile單樁承載力two-way-reinforcement雙向配筋reinforcedconcretetwo-wayslabs鋼筋混凝土雙向板singlewayslab單向板windowblind窗簾sunblindwindload風荷載curing養(yǎng)護watertightconcrete防水混凝土whitecement白水泥separatingofconcrete混凝土離折segregationofconcretemortar砂漿~joint灰縫pilaster壁柱firerating耐火級別firebrick耐火磚standardbrick原則磚terracotta琉璃瓦mosaic馬賽克ceramicmosaic陶瓷錦磚，馬賽克，ceramicmosaictileceramictile瓷磚rubblewall毛石墻marble大理石,大理巖granite花崗石,花崗巖ready-mixedconcrete商品混凝土，預拌混凝土realestate房地產(chǎn)reinforcementbar鋼筋veinforcementmeal,reinforcingbar,reinforcingsteelreinforcementcover混凝土保護層reinforcementmat鋼筋網(wǎng),reinforcingmeshreinforcingratio配筋率reinforcementpercentagereinforcingwork鋼筋工程residentialbuilding居住建筑rigidfoundation剛性基本roof屋頂，屋蓋，屋面;roofboard屋面板;roofgarden屋頂花園roofliveload屋面活荷載rusticterrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石sandcushion砂墊層saw-toothskylight鋸齒形天窗scaffold腳手架sill窗臺siltysoil粉質(zhì)土singledoor單扇門doubledoor雙扇門singlereinforcemen單筋tslidingdoor推拉門slidingwindow水平推拉窗staircase樓梯間stairrail(ing)樓梯欄桿，樓梯扶手stairstep樓梯踏步stairstring(er)樓梯梁stairclearance樓梯凈空高度stairheadroomsteelforms鋼模板storeroom貯藏室structuraldrawings構(gòu)造圖softsubstratum軟弱下臥層sunlouver遮陽板supportingblock支座supportinglayer持力層tensilereinforcement受拉鋼筋tensilesteel,tensionreinforcementterraceroof平屋頂thermalinsulation隔熱t(yī)hroughventilation穿堂風timberstructure木構(gòu)造woodstructuretoilet盥洗間，浴室，廁所，便池tracingpaper描圖紙lawn草坪treatmentofelevation立面解決drawingboard繪圖板triaxialcompressiontest三軸壓縮實驗tubularsteelscaffolding鋼管腳手架uniformlydistributedload均布荷載unnotchedbar光面鋼;threadbar螺紋鋼筋urinal小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley天溝ventilatingskylight通風天窗waterproofbarrier防水層aquatardTerzaghibearingcapacitytheory太沙基承載力理論Terzaghiconsolidationtheory太沙基固結(jié)理論foundationtreatment地基解決foundationpressure基底壓力span跨度specificgravity比重quicklime生石灰,氧化鈣hydratedlime熟石灰,消石灰hydration水化作用plasterofParis熟石膏portlandcement波特蘭水泥,硅酸鹽水泥,一般水泥portlandblastfurnaceslagcement礦渣水泥portlandfly-ashcement粉煤灰(硅酸鹽)水泥portland-pozzolanacement火山灰質(zhì)硅酸鹽水泥gas-foamingadmixture發(fā)泡劑retardingadmixture緩凝劑water-reducingagent減水劑air-entrainedagent加氣劑slump坍落度water-cementratio水灰比w/carchitecturallighting建筑采光,建筑照明architecturalperspective建筑透視圖architecturalsection建筑剖面圖architecturalspecifications建筑規(guī)范architecturalworkingdrawing建筑施工圖architecturesketch建筑草圖arcwelding電弧焊stressconcentration應(yīng)力集中multistoriedbuilding多層建筑settlementoffoundation地基沉降tensilestrength抗拉強度compressivestrength抗壓強度bendingstrength抗彎強度constructionmaterial建筑材料buildingmaterialcontinuousbeam持續(xù)梁towercrane塔式起重機,塔吊SPT=standardpenetrationtest原則貫入度實驗wallbetweentwowindows窗間墻stability穩(wěn)定性stress-straincurve應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線stress-straindiagram應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變圖damp-proofcoating防潮層osmosis滲入osmoticco-efficient滲入系數(shù)osmoticpressure滲入壓力finiteelementmethod有限單無法finite-differencemethod有限差分法finiteslicemethod條分法deformation變形displacement位移allowablebearingcapacity容許承載力totalanddifferentialsettlement總沉降量和沉降差Mohr’scircleofstress摩爾應(yīng)力圓snowlaod雪(荷)載bentreinforcementbar彎起鋼筋bentsteel彎起鋼筋bent-upbar彎起鋼筋bid投標，標書bidcall招標bidopening開標biddingsheet標價單bidprice出價，投標價格bindingreinforcement綁扎鋼筋blockingcourse檐口墻，女兒墻parapet(wall)bloodwood紅木redwoodbricklintel磚砌過梁brickmasonrystructure磚石構(gòu)造BRKT=bracket牛腿buildingheight建筑高度buildingindustrialization建筑工業(yè)化building-infitting預埋件buildinglaw建筑法buildingline建筑紅線buildingmodule建筑模數(shù)buildingorientation建筑物朝向buildingpermitsforconstruction建筑施工執(zhí)照buildingequipment建筑設(shè)備buildingphysics建筑物理buildingrubble建筑垃圾buildingstormsewer房屋雨水管built–incupboard壁廚cablestructure懸索構(gòu)造cable-supportedconstruction懸索構(gòu)造canopy雨篷cast-in-placeconcrete現(xiàn)澆混凝土cast-in-situconcrete現(xiàn)澆混凝土caterpillarcrane履帶式起重機cavitybrick空心磚cavitywall空心墻ceiling頂棚，吊頂，天花板cementfloor水泥地面cementmortar水泥砂漿center-to-center中心距(中到中間距)chain-pullswitch拉線開關(guān)cromatics色彩學cityplanning都市規(guī)劃civilarchitecture民用建筑civilbuilding民用建筑civilengineering土木工程claybrick粘土磚clerestory天窗clerestorywindows高側(cè)窗closet盥洗室，廁所，衛(wèi)生間coatedglass玻璃幕墻glasscurtainwallcollapsibleloess濕陷性黃土slumpingloesscollartiebeam圈梁combinationbeam組合梁combinationconstruction混合構(gòu)造shearwall剪力墻shearstrength抗剪強度transom（門上旳）亮子bar棒，條，桿件，（粗）鋼筋beam梁framework框架truss桁架staticallydeterminate~靜定桁架staticallyindeterminate~超靜定桁架elasticity彈性plasticity塑性stiffness剛度fiexibility撓度bendingmoment彎矩~diagram彎矩圖~envelope彎矩包絡(luò)線influenceline影響線aggregate骨料coarse~粗骨料fine~細骨料admixture外加劑concretemixer混凝土攪拌機paint油漆density密度viscosity粘度，粘滯性geology地質(zhì)earthpressure土壓力active~積極土壓力coarsesand粗砂;mediumsand中砂;finesand細砂artificialdaylight人工采光artificialillumination人工照明artofarchitecture建筑藝術(shù)seismaticdesign抗震設(shè)計backview背立面balcony陽臺balustrade欄桿，扶手bambooscaffolding竹腳手架bandiron扁鐵，扁鋼barcutter鋼筋切斷機barlist鋼筋表barspacing鋼筋間距baseboard踢腳板basicmodule基本模數(shù)BC=buildingcode建筑法規(guī)beam-and-columnconstruction梁柱構(gòu)造（框架構(gòu)造）beam-and-girderconstruction主次梁梁格構(gòu)造beam-and-slabconstruction梁板構(gòu)造beamwithoneoverhangingend懸臂梁cantileverbeam,overhangingbeambeamwithsimplysupportedends簡支梁simplebeam,simple-supportedbeam,simplysupportedbeambeamwithfixedends固端梁bendingstiffness彎曲剛度bendingstrength抗彎強度bendingstress彎曲應(yīng)力bendbar彎起鋼筋，彎筋commemorativearchitecture紀念性建筑commercialbuildings商業(yè)建筑物,商業(yè)房屋compactedfill壓實填土,夯實填土compactedsoil壓實土compactionbylayers分層填土夯實compactionbyrolling碾壓compactionbyvibration振動壓實compartmentation隔斷completionacceptance竣工驗收completiondate竣工日期compressionbar受壓鋼筋compressionsteel受壓鋼筋concealedwork隱蔽工程conductor水落管constructionadministration施工管理constructionaldrawing施工圖,構(gòu)造圖constructionandinstallationwork建筑安裝工程constructioncompany建筑公司constructioneconomics建筑經(jīng)濟constructionindustry建筑(工)業(yè)constructioninprocess在建工程constructionmanagementplan施工組織設(shè)計constructionperiod施工工期constructionsite施工現(xiàn)場creep徐變,蠕變crosswall橫墻darkroom暗室designdevelopmentphase技術(shù)設(shè)計階段designscheme設(shè)計方案detaildrawing詳圖,大樣圖,細部圖developmentarea開發(fā)區(qū)digestiontank化糞池septictank,sewagetankdistributedload分布荷載distributingbars分布鋼筋distributionreinforcement分布鋼筋BL=deadload恒載,自重doglegstair雙折樓梯halfturndomesticbuilding居住房屋,住宅doorwindow落地窗dormitory宿舍downspout雨水管,落水管drainspout,fallpipe,leaderpipe,rainconductor,rainleader,rain-waterleaderdripline滴水線dunny廁所,盥洗室earthquakeintensity地震烈度earthquakeload地震荷載earthquakeresistantdesign抗震設(shè)計earthwork土石方工程earthworkquantity土方工程量eave屋檐effectivedepth有效高度,有效深度,有效厚度enameledtile琉璃瓦,釉面磚engineeringgeologicalprospecting工程地質(zhì)勘探expandedjoint伸縮縫,溫度縫shrinkagejoint,temperaturejointfactorybuilding廠房figuredglass圖案玻璃,壓花玻璃patternedglassfixedwindow固定窗flatskylight平天窗flexiblefoundation柔性基本floorload樓面荷載floorplan樓屋平面圖floor-to-ceilingheight樓面至頂棚高度,室內(nèi)凈高floor-to-floorheight樓面至樓面高度storyheight層高farmedsteel型鋼shape(d)steelfoundationbeam基本梁foundationbed基本墊層gable出墻~wallgalvanizediron鍍鋅鐵皮,白鐵皮generalarrangementdrawing總體布置圖,總平面圖generallayout總平面圖,總體布置glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纖維增強塑料,玻璃鋼gluedboard膠合板gravel礫石;~cobble卵石pebblegravel,pebblestonegroundengineering地基工程groundfloorplan底層平面圖groundwatersurface地下水位phreatic(water)surfacegutter明溝,天溝rain-gutter檐溝,天溝hair麻刀hempmixedsand混合砂mechanicsofmaterials材料力學theoreticalmechanics理論力學elasticmechanics彈性力學structuralmechanics構(gòu)造力學architecturalmechanics建筑力學fracturemechanics斷裂力學soilmechanics土力學rockmechanics巖石力學fluidmechanics流體力學abrasivefloor防滑地板acceleratedcement快凝水泥accelerator促凝劑，速凝劑acceptanceofhiddensubsurfacework隱蔽工程驗收acceptanceoftender得標acceptanceofworksubelements分項工程驗收accesseye打掃孔，檢查孔accesshole檢修孔accessplate檢修孔蓋板accordionshades折疊式活動隔斷，屏風acid酸alkali堿acousticalinsulation隔聲redcray紅粘土adamicearthadhesivebitumenprimer冷底子油administrationoftheconstructioncontract施工合同管理aerialledder消防梯non-bearingwall非承重墻non-loadbearingwallnormfordetailedestimates預算定額normforpreliminaryestimates概算定額normforestimatinglaborrequirements勞動定額normforestimatingmaterialrequirements材料定額openditch明溝opentrenchoutsidefinish外裝修partion隔壁,~screen隔斷peashingle豆礫石，綠豆砂pipelinegas管道煤氣plastichinge塑性鉸plinth(wall)