中考復(fù)習(xí)英語講義 非謂語動(dòng)詞 -標(biāo)注錯(cuò)題

第第十講非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容教學(xué)目標(biāo)1非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念能夠理解非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念和判別非謂語2掌握動(dòng)名詞，不定式和分詞的用法，并記住常見的固定搭配3理清易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，并運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)和技巧正確答題考點(diǎn)大綱考點(diǎn)大綱?出題形式：單項(xiàng)選擇、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句型轉(zhuǎn)換入門測(5min)：1.Ihope________(find)agoodjobinaforeigncompanyafterIgraduatefromschool.2.Hefoundithard________________(catchupwith)hisclassmates.3.Before2019wewillfinish__________(build)theschool.4.Wouldyoumindme_________(play)thepiano?5.Therewasaman_______(call)Samatthegate.6.Theboylayonthegrass,__________(look)atthesky.知識(shí)講解知識(shí)講解非謂語動(dòng)詞概況：一、非謂語基本概念及判斷二、非謂語分類：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞三、易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)請(qǐng)畫出以下片段中的動(dòng)詞（體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的標(biāo)1，不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的標(biāo)2）（示范）Kevinenjoys（1）travelling（2）.Heplanned（1）totravel（2）toBeijing.Heasked（1）Harrytogo（2）withhim.ButHarryrefused（1）togo（2）.請(qǐng)畫出以下片段中的動(dòng)詞（體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的標(biāo)1，不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的標(biāo)2，）（自己動(dòng)手）Thenhetold（1）Fullertogo（2）withhim.Fullerdidn’tfinish（1）doing（2）hishomework,andFullerlet（1）himgo（2）alone.“Ifyougo（1）withme,Ipromise（1）tohelp（2）youdo（2）yourhomework.”Kevinsaid.Fulleragreed（1）togoandsaid（1）,“Don’tforget（1）todo（2）myhomework!”*非謂語的概念及判別：什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞？？？一、非謂語的概念在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞，它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制。（不做謂語的動(dòng)詞）二、判別謂語動(dòng)詞的形式有以下情況，能夠體現(xiàn)句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化：各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式被動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用的各種形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式有：（to）do/doing/done,無時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化【練一練】請(qǐng)畫出下列句子的非謂語（1min）1.Onemuststudyinordertoacquireknowledge.2.Sheworkshardsoastobepraisedbytheboss.3.Toachievehisdream,themanhastotryhard.4.Ireallyenjoyhavingawalkaftersuppereverynight.5.Ilikewalkingalongthecountrypaths*非謂語的分類：一、動(dòng)詞不定式基本形式：to+動(dòng)詞原形（todo）,有時(shí)可以省略to,這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義否定形式：not(+to)do句法功能：在句中除了不能做謂語外，可以用作任何成分1.作主語TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’sveryimportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.(for/ofsb)+動(dòng)詞不定式【練一練】___________________(study)uplateisharmfultopeople'shealth.Tostudy2.作表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成作主語3.作賓語（1）Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthismorning?一些謂語動(dòng)詞之后只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞表示命令、打算或希望等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：v.＋(not)todo常見的動(dòng)詞有：afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起

agree同意

begin開始

choose選擇

decide決定

expect期望

fail未做到

hope希望

learn學(xué)習(xí)

manage設(shè)法做成

offer主動(dòng)提出

wish希望

plan計(jì)劃

prepare準(zhǔn)備

promise承諾

refuse拒絕

wouldlike想要（2）IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.在find,think,believe,consider,feel等詞后，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在后面結(jié)構(gòu)為：主+find/think/...+it+adj.+（forsb）todosth.

（3）Idon’tknowhowtodoit.（howtodoit=howIshoulddoit）Idon’tknowwhattodo.(whattodo=whatIshoulddo)不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用作賓語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。【練一練】1.Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkitimportant________apeacefulworld.A.build

B.notbuild

C.tobuild

D.nottobuild.2.–SometimesJimfeelsstressed,buthedoesn’tknow__________aboutit.A.whototalkB.whentotalkC.whototalktoD.whentotalkto3.Hepromised_________(see)hisoldfriendduringhisstayinTianjin.tosee4.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Mr.Moaskedmetoopenthedoorforhim.

Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，與賓語有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：v.＋sb.＋(not)todo

常見的動(dòng)詞有：allow允許

ask要求

advise建議

encourage鼓勵(lì)

expect期望

force強(qiáng)迫

help幫助

invite邀請(qǐng)

order命令

remind提醒

require要求

teach教

tell告訴

want想要

warn警告

wish希望注意：有些動(dòng)詞后接省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)上省略的to。結(jié)構(gòu)為：v.＋sb.＋do“一感”(feel);“二聽”(hear,listento);“三使”(make,let,have);“五看”(see,watch,notice,lookat,observe);“半幫助”(help)。e.g.Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.=Hewasheardtosingintheclassroom.【練一練】1.Weadviseparents________theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.notleave

B.nottoleave

C.leave

D.toleave2.WeChathasbecomeahotfreesoftware.Youcanoftenseepeople________(talk)withtheirfriendoverWeChateverywhere.talk5.作狀語(1)Tosavetime,wetooktheplanetoBeijing.作目的狀語，此時(shí)todo=inordertodo=soastodo(2)Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.作結(jié)果狀語，往往表示“出乎意料的、非本意的結(jié)果”，常與only連用。(3)I’msorrytohearthat.WeareproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.作原因狀語，在某些形容詞后，表喜、怒、哀、樂等的原因。(4)Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Wefoundtheroomtoosmalltoholdsomanypeople.動(dòng)詞不定式在帶有enough或too的句子里作狀語【練一練】1.—WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—__________healthy,youshouldoftendosports.A．Keep

B．KeepingC．Tokeep

D．Havingkept2.為了實(shí)現(xiàn)中國夢(mèng)，我們青少年應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。__________________achievetheChinesedream,weteenagersshouldstudyhard.Inorderto3.Youshouldbeconfidentenough________aspeechinfrontofmanypeople.A.makeB.madeC.makingD.tomake6.作定語(1)Ihavetwoletterstowrite.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在所修飾詞之后。它與所修飾詞之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(2)Thereisnothingtoworryabout.如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要在不定式之后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~?！揪氁痪殹縒ehavetworooms________(live)in,butIcan’tdecidewhichone_________(choose)tolive,tochoose小總結(jié)：(1)常用的三種結(jié)構(gòu)：v.+todov.+sb+todov.+sb+do(2)常用的句型、詞組：Itis+adj.+（for/ofsb）todosth.Ittakessb.+時(shí)間+

todosth.It’stimetodosththewaytodosththeplacetodosththe+序數(shù)詞(+所修飾詞)+todosthfindit+adj.+todosth.hadbetterdosth.whynotdosth.?

havenochoicebuttodo.tryone’sbesttodosth.【練一練】1.Youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkhard__________theirowndreams.A．a(chǎn)chieve

B．a(chǎn)chievesC．toachieve

D．a(chǎn)chieved2.Inorder________forthemeeting,mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning.A.nottobelate

B.notbeinglate

C.tobelate

D.beinglate3.Lucymakesallthestudentslaugh.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

AllthestudentsaremadetolaughbyLucy.4.Wemustdoeverythingwecan_________(make)ourearthcleanerandsafer.tomake5.MrWhiteisverypopularsamongthechildrenbacauseheoftenmakesthem________(laugh).laugh6.Lucyhadnochoicebut_______(accept)hisadvice.toaccept二、動(dòng)名詞（相當(dāng)于名詞）基本形式：“動(dòng)詞-ing”句法功能：1.作主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)2.作賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.(作動(dòng)詞賓語)Stampsareusedforsendingletters.(作介詞賓語)表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作常見的接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：avoid避免consider考慮

enjoy喜愛finish完成

imagine想象

keep繼續(xù)

mind介意

miss錯(cuò)過

risk冒險(xiǎn)

practise練習(xí)

suggest建議

go去admit承認(rèn)

stand忍受常見的接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞組有：lookforwardtodoing期待做

payattentiontodoing注意做be/getusedtodoing習(xí)慣做preferdoingtodoing喜歡做某事勝于做某事giveupdoing放棄做部分動(dòng)詞（短語）順口溜：完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practise,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）【練一練】1.—Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnologyproducts.

—That’sright.Peoplearoundtheworldcanhardlyavoid________productsmadeinChina.A.notbuying

B.nottobuy

C.tobuy

D.buying2.—I'msorryIcan'tpickTomupwithyou,thoughIlookforwardto__________him.—Why?—BecauseIambusy__________.A．see;working

B．seeing;workingC．seeing;towork

D．see;towork3.Shesaysshedoesn’tfeellike________(go)outwithyou.going3.作表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語4.作定語Sheisinthereadingroom.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.動(dòng)名詞作定語只表示它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，置于被修飾詞之前【練一練】1.Ithinkhisadviceisofgreat_________.It’swellworth_________.D---AA.value,takingB.value,totakeC.valuable,totakeD.valuable,takingMaryalwayspractices________basketballinordertowinaprizeinthecominggame.A.play B.played C.playing D.toplay3.Themanageroftensuggests________onbothsidesofthepaperinordertosaveresources.D---CA.write B.writes C.writing D.towrite4.Whynot________(join)anEnglishclubtopractice____________(speak)?join,speaking5.---Myplanis_________(watch)videosathome.Whatareyougoingtodo,Jenny?towatch---Well,Iprefer__________(see)movieatthecinematowatchingvideoathome.seeing6.Ihaven’tseenAndyforalongtime.Iamreallylookingforwardtoh_________fromhim.hearing三、分詞（相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞）*現(xiàn)在分詞*過去分詞基本形式：“動(dòng)詞-ing”done意義：表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行表被動(dòng)、完成句法功能：功能例句說明定語Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在樹下面的那位女孩嗎?Pleasehandinyourwrittenexercises．請(qǐng)交上你們的筆試練習(xí)。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的詞(表主動(dòng))；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯賓語是它所修飾的詞（表被動(dòng)）。狀語Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom，talkingandlaughing．學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教室。Seenfromthehill，ourschoollooksmorebeautiful．從小山上看，我們學(xué)校顯得更美麗了。分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語。表語Thesituationisencouraging．形勢令人鼓舞。Theboyistoofrightenedtomove．這個(gè)男孩太害怕了，以至于不能動(dòng)了?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。補(bǔ)足語Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime．不要讓我們等得太久。Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom．我聽到他正在教室里唱歌呢。He’llhavehishaircutafterschool．放學(xué)后他要去理發(fā)。現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯主語(表主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行)；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，被補(bǔ)足的賓語或主語是它的邏輯賓語(表被動(dòng))。【練一練】1.Theboy__________(stand)intheteacher’sofficecwasfoundsmokingyesterday.standing2.Lisalayonthegrass,__________(look)atthesky.looking3.__________(influence)bythegrowinginterestinnature,moreandmorepeopleenjoyoutdoorsports.Influenced4.---MyiPadhasgonewrong.I’llhaveit__________.---Whydon’tyouhaveUncleWang________it?Nobodycanifhecan’t.A.repair,repairedB.repair,repairingC.repaired,repairedD.repaired,repair5.__________withlifeontheearth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.A.CompareB.ComparingC.TocompareD.Compared*易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：一、動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用of/for的區(qū)別It句型It’sverycleverofyoutodoitlikethat.(可寫成youareclever)在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)、特征的形容詞后，用ofIt’sverydifficultformetofinishthetaskinanhour.(不能寫成Iamdifficult)在表示事物性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的形容詞后用forItis+adj.+(for/of)sb.todosth.…對(duì)某人來說做什么事情…(for事；of人)Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodo…某人花多長時(shí)間做某事Sb.findit+adj.todo…某人發(fā)現(xiàn)做什么事情很…【練一練】1.Wasitnecessary________John__________somephotosbeforehelpingtheoldman.A.of,takingB.for,takingC.of,totakeD.for,totake2.It’ssilly_____you______othersfortheirmistakes.C---D

A.for，notforgive

B.for,nottoforgive

C.of，tonotforgive

D.of,nottoforgive3.Wefinditdifficult__________adecision.A.made B.making C.make D.tomake4.Itisnogood__________(fight)againsther.fighting二、不定式符號(hào)to&介詞to的區(qū)別makeacontributionto(doing)sth__________________為...作貢獻(xiàn)devote...to(doing)sth__________________獻(xiàn)身于，致力于lookforwardto(doing)sth__________________期盼，盼望prefer(doing)sthto(doing)sth__________________比起...更喜歡...beusedto(doing)sth__________________習(xí)慣...,適應(yīng)...考生要熟記在初中階段，有哪些短語中含有介詞to【練一練】1.--Howisyourgrandma?--She’sfine.Sheusedto___________TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto________outforawalk.A.watch,goB.watching,goC.watching,goingD.watch,going2.Thekindladydevotedallherlife___________(help)thosehomelesschildren.tohelping三、不定式作賓補(bǔ)&現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別Isawhimcrosstheroad.Icanhearthebirdssingeveryday.Isawhimcrossingtheroad.V.+sb./sth.+do(省略to的不定式)V.+sb./sth.+/doing…see,watch,hear,feel等感官動(dòng)詞后，接省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過或頻率性發(fā)生；接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?！揪氁痪殹縎imonsawtheman__________(watch)TVatnineyesterday.四、某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別V.+todo/doing*stoptodosth停止/中斷某件事，去做另一件事(兩件事)stopdoingsth停止做某事(一件事)goontodosth放下手中的事，繼續(xù)去做另一件事(兩件事)goondoingsth繼續(xù)做原來的事(一件事)Hestopped__________（smoke）acigarette.tosmoke他停下來抽了根煙。Imuststop__________（smoke）.smoking我必須戒煙了。*forget/remembertodosth忘記/記得要去做某事（未做）forget/rememberdoingsth忘記/記得做過某事（已做）Don’tforget____________(turn)offthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.toturnHeforgot_________(turn)offthelights,sohecamebacktohaveacheck.turning*trytodosth設(shè)法或努力做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事Youmusttry________(be)morecareful.tobeItried________(cook)butdidn’tsucceed.cooking*regrettodosth遺憾要做某事（未做）regretdoingsth后悔做過某事（已做）Iregret__________(tell)youthatyou’refired.totellIdon’tregret__________(tell)herwhatIthought.telling*meantodosth打算/想做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事Doingthatmeans_________(waste)time.wastingImeant________(go),butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.togo*can’thelp(to)dosth不能幫助做某事can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事Shecan’thelp____________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.(to)helpIcouldn’thelp__________(think)aboutthepast.Thinking五、need/require/want后跟不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語的區(qū)別Thewindowneedscleaning.=Thewindowneedstobecleaned.Thegardenwantswatering.=Thegardenwantstobewatered當(dāng)need/require/want表“需要”時(shí)，need/require/wantdoingsth=need/require/wanttobedone【練一練】Thehousewasdamagedintheearthquake,soitneeded__________.(repaired/repairing)Thehousewasdamagedintheearthquake,soitneeded______________________(請(qǐng)保持句意不變)六、havesbdosth,havesb/sthdoingsth&havesthdone的區(qū)別Thesoldiershadtheboystandinfrontofthepeople.havesbdosth讓某人做某事，此時(shí)have可以用let,make代替Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.havesb/sthdoingsth讓某人/物一直做某事，此時(shí)have可以用keep代替Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.havesthdone讓某事被做【練一練】1.Theoldhassomethingwrongwithhiseyesandhastohavethem__________(operate)on.operated2.Myteacherhadme________(finish)myhomeworkearly. finish【綜合練習(xí)】1.IttookusoneweekthisarticlebyMoYan.

D---BA.read;written

B.toread;writtenC.reading;towrite

D.toread;towrite2.—Marywasheardjustnow.Whathappened?

C---D—Johnwastellingajoke.A.cry

B.tocry

C.laugh

D.tolaugh3.—IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?—Ihaven’tdecidedwhere.

A.go

B.went

C.going

D.togo4.Theylookedforwardwithhopeachancetoreceivefurthereducation.

C---DA.forgetting

B.ofgetting

C.toget

D.togetting5.I’msleepy.Ipreferathometogoingoutforawalk.

A.sleeping

B.tosleep

C.slept

D.sleep6.It’sveryniceofyou（help）me.

tohelp7.Thekidshadfun

（swim）inthewater.

swimming8.I’dlikeyou（go）shoppingwithme.

togo9.Whynot（join）anEnglishclubtopractise

(speak)English?

join,speaking10.Mywashingmachinedoesn’twork,soIwillhaveit

(repair)

repaired11.Theyspenttwohours

（clean）thehouse.

cleaning12.Johnusedtouplate,butnowhe’susedtoupearly.(get)get,getting13.Wouldyoumind

（turn）downthemusic?Thebabyissleeping.

turning14.—Whatishebusydoing?—Heisbusydoingtheexperiment

(complete)thescienceproject.

tocomplete15.HiddenMan（《邪不壓正》）isapopularmovie

（direct）byJiangWen.

directed【課后練習(xí)】典型例題典型例題一.語法單選（來源：18-19年一二模）Mynephewhasdecided___anonlineshopaftergraduatingfromschool.A.open B.toopen C.opened D.openingAsasoldier,Johnsonhadnochoicebut________hiscaptain’sorders.A.obey B.toobey C.obeyed D.obeyingTheladydenied________apreciousnecklacefromastrangeronherbirthday.A.get B.got C.getting D.togetIt'sterriblyhotinthisroom.Wouldyoumindthewindowabitmore?A.open B.opening C.toopen D.toopeningParentsshouldoftenencouragetheirchildrenmorebooksintheirfreetime.A.read B.readingC.toread D.toreadingThejokewassofunnythatitmadeKitty__againandagain.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing D.laughsIenjoy____aboutgreatpeople’slivesbecauseIalwayslearnalotfromthem,andtheyencouragemetomarchon.A.read B.toread C.rea