Chinese-Space-Program(中國航天工程英文版)

SPACETRAVEL——ChineseSpaceProgramChineseSpaceProgramSateliteLaunchvehicleSpaceprobeMannedspaceflightSpacestationMannedlunar-probeMarsprobeSateliteScientificsatellite:ThiskindofsatelitesarenamedafterShiJian-nseries.Therehavebeen6PracticeseriessateliteswerelaunchedintospacesinceMarch1971toMay1999,whichwereusedtodetectandtestthespaceenvironment.Technologicalexperimentsatellite:Chinesesatelitestartedaftertechnologicalexperimentsatellite.In1970,DongFangHongⅠsatelitewhichbelongstothetechnologicalexperimentsatellitefamilywerelaunchedsuccessfully.It’sthefirstsateliteinChina.Thefirstrecoverablesatellitein1975wasalsoatechnologicalexperimentsatellite.Appliedsatellite:MostsateliteslaunchedinChinaareappliedsatelites.Theyincludemeteorologicalsatellite,communicationsatellite,earthresourcessatelliteandsoon.ShiJianseriessateliteSJ-2SJ-1SJ-4SJ-5DongFangHongⅠApril24,1970

FirstsateliteinChinaFY-1Zi

Yuan-1-01ZhongXing-22LaunchvehicleLongMarch(ChangZheng)serieslaunchvehiclesarethemostcommonlyusedlaunchvehiclesinChinaatpresent.Therehavebeen12kindsofdifferentLongMarchserieslaunchvehiclesdevelopedinChinasofar.CZ-1serieslaunchvehiclescanlaunchLEO(LowEarthOrbit)satelite.CZ-2serieslaunchvehiclescanlaunchGTO(GeostationaryTransferOrbit)satelites.CZ-3andCZ-4serieslaunchvehiclescanlaunchSSO(Sun-synchronousOrbit)satelite.LongMarchseriesvehicleshavebeenlaunched67timesfrom1970to2000,61timessucceededand6timesfailed.CZ-1series:launchingsmallsizesatelite.CZ-2series:launchingLEOorGTOsateliteandspacecraft.CZ-3series:usinghydrogen-oxygenburningengine;launchingHEOcommunicationsatelite.CZ-4series:launchingSSOmeteorologicalsatellite.GeneralViewofLongMarchseriesCZ-1CZ-2CZ-2CCZ-2C(improving)CZ-2DCZ-2E(biding)CZ-3CZ-ACZ-3B(biding)CZ-4ACZ-4BFB-1SatelliteLaunchCenters

ThePRCoperates4SatelliteLaunchCenters:JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterXichangSatelliteLaunchCenterTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterWenchangSatelliteLaunchCenterTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterXichangSatelliteLaunchCenterWenchangSatelliteLaunchCenter(underconstruction)JiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterSpaceprobe—consistsoftwoprojects

LunarExplorationProgram:Firstphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-1工程)—launchedin2007withCZ-3A:twounmannedlunarorbitalprobesSecondphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-2工程)—launchedin2010withCZ-3/E:firstMoonlandingofacoupleofroversThirdphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-3工程)—launchedin2013withCZ-3/B+:automatedMoonlandingandreturnsampleFourthphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-4工程)—tobelaunchedin2015withCZ-7:directlycomebackfromdeepspaceorbitofmoon(首次試驗從月球深空軌道直接返回)Fifthphaselunarprogram(嫦娥-5工程)—tobelaunchedin2018withCZ-5:getthesamplebackandtestcomplicatedscience—technologyoftakingsample,rising,dockingandcomingback.(月球取樣返回，它要面對取樣、上升、對接和高速再入等四個主要技術(shù)難題)MarsprobeProgram:Yinghuo-1:Yinghuo-1andtheRussianFobos-GruntspacecraftwerelaunchedtogetherfromBaikonurCosmodromeon8November2011.Shortlyafterlaunch,however,theprobewaslostbecauseofthelaunchandorbitalburnfailure。OurownMarsprobesatellitewillbelaunchedin2018,includingorbitandMarsrover.(軌道與巡視器）Chang'e1Chang'e1Chang'e2“嫦娥玉兔”互拍，傳回高清照Chang’e3YH-1ChineseMarsprobesatelliteMannedspaceflightThegovernmentofPRChasdevelopedandoperatedShenzhouseriesspacecrafttosupportitsmannedspaceflightprogramsince1999.Missionslaunchedareasfollows:Shenzhou1–November19,1999–unmannedtestflightShenzhou2–January9,2001–carriedanimalsShenzhou3–March25,2002–carriedatestdummyShenzhou4–December29,2002–carriedatestdummyandseveralscienceexperimentsShenzhou5–October15,2003–14EarthorbitscarryingYangLiwei.ChinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtohaveindependenthumanspaceflightcapabilityaftertheSovietUnion(later,Russia)andtheUnitedStates.Shenzhou6–October12,2005–fivedaymissionwithFeiJunlongandNieHaishengShenzhou7–September25,2008–threemancrewwithZhaiZhigang,LiuBoming,andJingHaipeng;spacewalkperformedbytwocrewmembersShenzhou8–November1,2011—unmannedmission,rendezvousedandsuccessfullydockedwithTiangong1twiceonNovember3andNovember14.Shenzhou9—June16，2012—twomaleastronaut:,onefemaleastronaut.Shenzhou9spacecraftdockedwiththe

Tiangong1

spacestation.Shenzhou10—June11，2013—twomaleastronaut:,onefemaleastronaut.ThemissionwastoenhancetheskillofdockingShenzhou1Shenzhou2Shenzhou3Shenzhou4ShenzhouseriesShenzhou5Shenzhou6Shenzhou7Shenzhou8Shenzhou9Shenzhou10SpacestationChinawasonthethresholdofit’sspacestationprogram.RecentlyChinalauncheditsfirsttargetspacecraft–Tiangong-1onSeptember29,2011.ItisdesignedthatShenzhou8whichwaslaunchedinNovemberin2011,Shenzhou9andShenzhou10dockedwithitduringnexttwoyear.The