新概念英語語法：詞性句子成分和句子分類

詞性，句子成分和句子分類詞性，句子成分和句子分類詞法數(shù)量：10大類分類依據(jù)：形式特征、意義、句法作用詞類定義例詞實詞Notionalword名詞Noun表示事物名稱的詞Market,people,water,information代詞Pronoun代替名詞或名詞所有格的詞I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing動詞Verb表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞Are,do,go,eat形容詞Adjective表示人或事物性質(zhì)特征的詞Young,fast,excellent副詞Adverb表示動作、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的程度的詞Very,well,always數(shù)詞Numeral表示數(shù)目或順序的詞One,first,thousand虛詞Emptyword冠詞Article名詞前，說明名詞含義A,an,the介詞Proposition名詞或代詞之間，表關(guān)系Of,to,after,連詞Conjunction連接，“關(guān)節(jié)”之意And,but,if感嘆詞Injection情感態(tài)度的詞Oh,ah,well句法分類方法：按成分、按類別句子成分成分充當(dāng)詞例句主語subject——“誰”“什么”動作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者名詞人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞疑問代詞不定代詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞形容詞不定式動名詞從句NounPersonalpronounPossessivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralAdjectiveInfinitiveGerundclauseThesungivesuslightandheat.Welovelife.Yourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.Thisismyfavoriteteacher.Whatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?Nobodycanstopmestudying.Twoofyouaremybeststudents.Thesecondismysister.Theoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.Totalkiseasierthantodo.Helpingotherscanbringushappiness.Whatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.謂語predicate——主語的動作或狀態(tài)實意動詞聯(lián)系動詞NotionalverbLinkingverbWeplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.WeareChinese.賓語object——及物動詞或及物動詞短語的對象或內(nèi)容名詞人稱代詞反身代詞指示代詞疑問代詞不定代詞物主代詞相互代詞NounPersonalpronounReflexivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounInfinitivepronounPossessivepronounReciprocalpronounNowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.Hefoolsusall.Believeinyourself.Ithankyouwilllikethis.Whoareyouwaitingfor?Theygoteverythingtheywant.Heisanoldfriendsofhers.Weshouldlearntorespecteachother.賓語補(bǔ)足語objectcomplement——賓語之后，補(bǔ)充說明形容詞副詞名詞介詞短語不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞AdjectiveAdverbNounPrepositionalphraseInfinitivePresentparticiplePastparticipleThatnewswillmakemotherhappy.Letmeshowyouout.WechoseTomourmonitor.Jerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.DonotforcemetodoanythingIdon’tlike.Don’tkeepmewaitingtoolong.Theyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.表語predictive——說明主語，“補(bǔ)足語”形容詞副詞指示代詞疑問代詞不定代詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞短語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞從句AdjectiveAdverbDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveGerundPresentparticiplePastparticipleclauseThemountainsaregreen.Timeisup.WhatIwantisthis.Iwanderwhoyouare.Itisnothingserious.Twoplustwoisfour.Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.Thewatchisjustunderthetable.Myjobistocleantheroad.Hisbobbyiscollectingstamps.Theresultisdisappointing.Wearedisappointedtotheresult.ThatiswhatIQmeans.定語attribute——修飾名詞或代詞名詞形容詞副詞物主代詞指示代詞疑問代詞不定代詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞短語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞從句NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveGerundPresentparticiplePastparticipleclauseHeworksinacarfactory.Nowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.Thenativethereareveryfriendly.Theirinventionwontheworldprize.Thesewildplantsarewellprotected.Whichriveristhelongestintheworld?Bothhisparentsaredoctors.Theorganizationcontainseightcountries.Hewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.Manysecretsinspaceremainunknown.SoIhavenothingtosayformyself.Iboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather.Tomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.Theyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.Thosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.狀語adverbial——位置隨意，修飾任意動詞、副詞、形容詞從句、全句名詞形容詞副詞不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞介詞短語從句獨立主格NounAdjectiveAdverbInfinitivePresentparticiplePastparticiplePrepositionalphraseClausenominativeabsolutestructureLiMingisoneyearoldthanI.Thetravelerscameback,safeandsound.Thesonoftenwritetohisparents.Motherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.Hestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.Ledbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle.Fromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.Weatherpermitting,wewillgofora同位語appositive——前名詞、代詞的具體內(nèi)容名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句NounPronounNumeralclauseMissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.TheyeachhaveaPC.Ihavepreparedanicedinnerforyoutwo.We’vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch.句子類別分類：按使用目的、按結(jié)構(gòu)按使用目的：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句類別例句陳述句Declarativesentence肯定句AssertivesentenceHisnamewasPangu.Shebegansearchingforthatsomething.否定句NegativesentenceIcannotagreewithyou.Itdoesn’tmatter.疑問句Questionsentence一般疑問句GeneralquestionDidItalywintheWorldCap?Isthatfilminteresting?特殊疑問句SpecialquestionWhatisyourname?Wherecanyoufindtheanswer、選擇疑問句AlternativequestionAreyouateacherorastudent？Doyoulikecoffeeortea？反義疑問句DisjunctivequestionItisfineday,isn’tit?Nooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey?祈使句imperativesentenceDonottakeeverythingforgranted!Followme,please.感嘆句exclamatorysentenceWhatagoodteacherheis!Howgoodateacherheis!(2)按結(jié)構(gòu)：簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句類別例句簡單句simplesentence5種基本類型S+VIThesunrisesintheeast.S+VT+OManyfamilieskeeppets.S+V+CChinaisstilladevelopingcountry.S+VT+O1+O2Hesentmeane-mailyesterday.S+VT+O+CMygirlalwaysmakesmehappy.并列句CoordinatesentenceHelikestowatchTVbutIliketoreadbooks.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirstandthenyoucanplaywithyourfriends.復(fù)合句Complexsentence名詞性從句Nounclause主語從句subject賓語從句object表語從句predicative同位語從句appositiveWhatyousaidistrue.Youknewthatbeautyshouldbenatural.ThatiswhenIstudied.Hemadeapromisethathewouldcomeback.狀語從句Adverbialclause時間狀語tim