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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北華航天工業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan(

),bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

問題1選項

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項oval“橢圓的”;B選項edible“可食用的”;C選項reliable“可靠的”;D選項available“可獲得的”。句意:這種新型的植物有一個可食用的,球狀的莖,雖然不是很美味。根據(jù)句子的后半部分可知,選項B符合語境。

2.單選題

Bynowhehasreachedthe(

)ofhisambition.

問題1選項

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項superiority“優(yōu)越”;B選項resolution“分辨率,決心”;C選項summit“頂點”;D選項procedure“程序,步驟”。句意:到目前為止,他已經達到了他抱負的頂峰。選項C符合句意。

3.單選題

Theinitialresultsoftheexperimentdidn’t()quiteasexpected,totheirdisappointment.

問題1選項

A.takeplace

B.endup

C.bringabout

D.turnout

【答案】D

【解析】動詞短語。takeplace“發(fā)生”;endup“結束”;bringabout“引起”;turnout“結果是”。句意:實驗的初步結果并不是和他們預期的一樣,這讓他們感到沮喪。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Wehave(

)thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

問題1選項

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們己經廢除了人剝削人的制度。

動詞辨析。Cancel取消,刪除;abolish廢除(一種制度,形式);refuse拒絕;reject抵制,排斥.。因此B符合句意。

5.單選題

()choosetoliveinornearmetropolitanareassimplybecausetheyliketherapidpaceofcitylife.

問題1選項

A.Largenumberofpeople

B.Solargenumberofpeopleto

C.Therearelargenumberofpeople

D.Largenumberofpeoplewho

【答案】A

【解析】語法知識。根據(jù)后面because引導的原因狀語從句,可知前一句為主句,主句缺主語。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Wouldsuchadealfly?OnesourceclosetoHouseRepublicanstellsme:“Ithinkthey’dtakeit;they’reholdingnocardsatthemoment…Thecappingofdeductionswouldbeverymagnanimousandagoodwaytolaythegroundworkfornegotiatingrealtaxreform.”

問題1選項

A.magnificent

B.benevolent

C.prodigious

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項magnificent“高尚的,壯麗的,華麗的,宏偉的”;B選項benevolent“仁慈的,慈善的,親切的”;C選項prodigious“驚人的,異常的,奇妙的,巨大的”;D選項favoring“有幫助的”。句意:這樣的交易會成功嗎?一位親近眾議院共和黨人的消息人士告訴我:“我認為他們會接受”,他說:“他們現(xiàn)在手頭沒有任何籌碼……對稅收減免設定上限將是非常寬宏大量的,這是為談判真正的稅收改革奠定基礎的好辦法?!盡agnanimous“寬宏大量的,有雅量的,寬大的”,B選項與該詞意思最相近,因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto(

).

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax(

).

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat(

).

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

問題2選項

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

問題3選項

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

問題4選項

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

問題5選項

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第一句話adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...選項C中的“l(fā)evy”和“tax”同義復現(xiàn);“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同義復現(xiàn)。因此C為正確答案,其余選項均未體現(xiàn)。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段,第二段第二句話:這已經引起了巨大的反抗,反過來也會導致針對法國的貿易制裁,和選項A相一致,其中選項中的“trigger”和原文的“l(fā)eadto”同義復現(xiàn),“sanction”和“countermeasure”同義復現(xiàn)。其余選項均未體現(xiàn)。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句話:他們都認為國際稅收體系并未跟上當前經濟形勢。選項B“目前的國際稅收體系需要升級”是該句話的反義復現(xiàn)。其余選項均為體現(xiàn)。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段最后一句話:對于國際稅收體系的未來充滿疑慮和選項C相一致。其中選項中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同義復現(xiàn),“prospects”和原文中的“future”同義復現(xiàn)。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標題題的信息,所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項里的tax是貫穿全文的主旨詞;而文章以法國對數(shù)字服務征稅為起點,全文描寫了包括法國在內的其他國家對全球稅收系統(tǒng)的擔憂,因此選項B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余選項均未能體現(xiàn)文章關鍵詞和全文主旨。

8.單選題

It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbye,andthat(1)eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards,(2)arethrowingthebooksatkids,(3)elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework(4).What’sawell-meaningparenttodo?

Ashardas(5)maybe,sitbackandchill,expelsadvice.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit,(6)helpingtoomuch,orevenexamining:(7)toocarefully,youmaykeepthem(8)doingitbythemselves,“Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery(9)assignment“sayspsychologistJohnRosemond,authorofEndingtheToughHomework.“There’sa(10)ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren(11)thegradetheydeserve,“Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir(12)But“youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe(13).’’Shesays.

That’snottosayparentsshould(14)homework-first,theyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids(15).Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin(16)four,five,andsixisstandard,saysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe“(17)morethananhourandahalf/’andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild(18)hasmorehomeworkthanthis,youmaywanttocheck(19)otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout(20)assignments.

問題1選項

A.very

B.exact

C.right

D.usual

問題2選項

A.officials

B.parents

C.experts

D.schools

問題3選項

A.Also

B.Even

C.Then

D.However

問題4選項

A.fatigue

B.confusion

C.duty

D.puzzle

問題5選項

A.there

B.we

C.they

D.it

問題6選項

A.via

B.under

C.by

D.for

問題7選項

A.questions

B.answers

C.standards

D.rules

問題8選項

A.off

B.without

C.beyond

D.from

問題9選項

A.single

B.piece

C.page

D.other

問題10選項

A.drop

B.short.

C.cut

D.lack

問題11選項

A.acquire

B.earn

C.gather

D.reach

問題12選項

A.exercises

B.defects

C.mistakes

D.tests

問題13選項

A.perfect

B.better

C.unusual

D.complete

問題14選項

A.forget

B.refuse

C.miss

D.ignore

問題15選項

A.have

B.prepare

C.make

D.perform

問題16選項

A.classes

B.groups

C.grades

D.terms

問題17選項

A.about

B.no

C.much

D.few

問題18選項

A.previously

B.rarely

C.merely

D.consistently

問題19選項

A.with

B.in

C.out

D.up

問題20選項

A.finishing

B.lowering

C.reducing

D.declining

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:D

第19題:A

第20題:C

【解析】(1)語義連接。Very修飾名詞,表強調。

(2)語義連接。空前說:toimproveeducationalstandards,可知學校為了提高教育水平向學生施壓。

(3)邏輯分析。此處為遞進關系。句意:學校把大量的課本壓向學生,竟連小學生也在抱怨。

(4)名詞辨析。句意:連小學生都在抱怨作業(yè)太多。Fatigue疲勞,疲乏;confusion“混淆,困惑”;duty責任,職責;puzzle困惑,迷惑。故A項符合句意。

(5)語義連接。這里缺一個代詞,指代后面的“sitbackandchill”,所以選it。

(6)介詞辨析。by表示“通過…方式”。

(7)名詞辨析。這里說家長幫孩子檢查作業(yè),所以此處應該是檢查作業(yè)的答案。

(8)固定搭配。。keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人干某事。

(9)語義連接。every與single搭配,表示強調,”everysingleassignment”意思是“每一份作業(yè)”或“所有作業(yè)”。

(10)固定搭配。alackof缺乏。

(11)動詞辨析。句意:讓孩子們得到應得的分數(shù)。所以答案在A和B之間。acquire意思是通過努力,慢慢地獲得(知識、技能等),而earn表示通過一番努力贏得、掙得。故選B。

(12)名詞辨析。句意應為:家長看完孩子作業(yè)后,應要求他們重新思考自己的錯誤。

(13)形容詞辨析。此句中but表轉折。句意:但是也不能讓他們認為作業(yè)必須完美/萬無一失。

(14)動詞辨析。句意:這并不是說家長可以忽視孩子的家庭作業(yè)。

(15)動詞辨析。這里表示孩子有多少家庭作業(yè)。

(16)名詞辨析。Grade表示“年級”。

(17)固定搭配。Nomorethan不超過。

(18)副詞辨析。句意:如果你的孩子不斷地超過這個作業(yè)量,那你就要與別的家長核對并同老師商討。

(19)介詞辨析。With表示“和…”。

(20)動詞辨析。句意:那你就要與別的家長核對并同老師商討減少作業(yè)量。?

9.單選題

Ifyouwantchildrentoworkhardyoumust(

)theirinterestsinsteadoftheirsenseofduty.

問題1選項

A.appealto

B.lookinto

C.giveriseto

D.goinfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項appealto“呼吁,上訴”;B選項lookinto“調查,觀察”;C選項giveriseto“使發(fā)生,引起”;D選項goinfor“參加,從事;追求”。根據(jù)從句“Ifyouwantchildrentoworkhard如果你想要孩子努力”,和后句關鍵詞“theirinterests他們的興趣”,可知“giveriseto引起”符合語境,句意為:如果你想要孩子努力,你必須激發(fā)他們的興趣而不是責任感。因此選項C正確。

10.單選題

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?(

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?(

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat(

).

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat(

).

問題1選項

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

問題2選項

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

問題3選項

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

問題4選項

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,緊接著后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分別對應選項B,C,D,只有選項A沒有提及。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主義的策略就是創(chuàng)造一種和實際并不相符的恐懼氛圍。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。選項D與第六段第四句重現(xiàn)。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段,最后一句指出:這種威脅的隨機性和普遍性給人的印象是其破壞能力大大增強。因此選項C正確。

11.單選題

TheBritishpublicwasslowlyeasedintotheknowledgethatwhathadbeenseenasafairytalemarriagehasbeen[A]deeplymiserable.Aseparationwasannouncedin1992.Onthattelevisionprogramin1995Dianahintedthatthe[B]princessmightneverbecomeking.Asforherselfshewouldliketobe[C]“kingofpeople’shearts”.Theput-uponrealqueenhad[D]hadenough.

問題1選項

A.deeply

B.princess

C.“kingofpeople’shearts”

D.had

【答案】B

【解析】考查混用詞語。B選項處指的是PrinceCharles,應把princess改為prince。

12.單選題

Puttinginanewwindowwill()cuttingawaypartoftheroof.

問題1選項

A.include

B.involve

C.contain

D.comprise

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項include“包含,包括,指包括屬于整體的部分,可以是具體的或抽象的”;B選項involve“包含;牽涉;使陷于,指必然包括某種結果,所接的事物通常是抽象的”;C選項contain“包含;控制,指容器裝有具體東西,含仍有剩余空間之意;也指包含具體之物或數(shù)據(jù)、信息等”;D選項comprise“包含;由…組成,既可指整體包含若干部分,也可指若干部分或成員構成整體”。句意:新開一扇窗戶就得拆掉部分屋頂。doingAinvolves(doing)B表示“做A事包含做B這部分工作”,因此B正確。

13.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經濟的,有關經濟的”;B選項thrifty“節(jié)儉的”,常用于bethriftywithsth.;C選項frugal“節(jié)省的,節(jié)儉的”,可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.;D選項careful“小心地,仔細地”,becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當心,注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意:雖然他變得富有了,但他仍然很節(jié)儉。

14.單選題

TheIndustrialRevolutionbegansometimeintheeighteenthcentury.Itbrought(1)greaterchangesintechnologythantherehadbeeninallthe(2)historyofmankind.Bythemid-1800stherevolutionhadrunits(3),andadvancedcountriesbegantoenjoysuch(4)asrailways,steamships,electricityandavarietyofsteam-driven(5)thatincreasedproductiontremendouslyandmadetheindustrialcountriesricherandmorepowerful.Technology,alsoenriched,was(6)refinedtoproducethetelephone,wirelesstelegraphy,theautomobileandtheairplane.Improvements(7)massproductionsoonmadethesenewthings(8)toordinarypeople,andbythe1930snewentertainmentindustries,(9)theradioandsoundmotionpictures,(10)theageofmassconsumption.

Allofthistookabout200years,(11)inthelaterstagesthepaceofdevelopment(12).IftheFirstWorldWar(13)upthepaceofindustrialdevelopmentdramatically,thesecondglobal(14)wasthecatalyst(催化劑)forareal(15)oftechnology.It(16)tousthe(17)blessingsofnuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandinter-continentalballisticmissiles(彈道導弾),automationandpetro-chemicals.Someinventionschangedthefaceofindustry,whileothersbeganto(18)thecharacterofsocietyandfamilylife.In(19),theprocessoftechnologymadelifemoreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable;butalsomore(20).

問題1選項

A.up

B.forward

C.out

D.about

問題2選項

A.processing

B.proceeding

C.preceding

D.presenting

問題3選項

A.course

B.way

C.route

D.road

問題4選項

A.discoveries

B.novelties

C.equipment

D.techniques

問題5選項

A.devices

B.facilities

C.appliances

D.machinery

問題6選項

A.quite

B.already

C.rather

D.further

問題7選項

A.in

B.for

C.of

D.with

問題8選項

A.accessible

B.available

C.adaptable

D.additional

問題9選項

A.excluding

B.concluding

C.including

D.comprising

問題10選項

A.enlivened

B.enriched

C.enhanced

D.enlightened

問題11選項

A.otherwise

B.therefore

C.but

D.moreover

問題12選項

A.slowed

B.enlarged

C.accelerated

D.stepped

問題13選項

A.made

B.stepped

C.picked

D.turned

問題14選項

A.conflict

B.confusion

C.conquest

D.conduct

問題15選項

A.destruction

B.deterioration

C.devotion

D.explosion

問題16選項

A.provided

B.furnished

C.supplied

D.introduced

問題17選項

A.changed

B.affected

C.mixed

D.confused

問題18選項

A.alter

B.vary

C.alternate

D.differ

問題19選項

A.particular

B.short

C.consequence

D.end

問題20選項

A.fascinating

B.challenging

C.amusing

D.overwhelming

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:D

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。bringabout意為“帶來,引起”;bringup意為“養(yǎng)育”;bringforward意為“提出,提前”;bringout意為“生產,出版”。由句意可知工業(yè)革命帶來了很大變化,因此選D。

第2題:考查詞義辨析。preceding意為“先前的,之前的”;processing為process(處理,加工)的現(xiàn)在分詞proceeding作名詞時,意為“訴訟,進程”,proceeding作動詞時,是proceed(繼續(xù)做,進行)的現(xiàn)在分詞;presenting是present(展示)的現(xiàn)在分詞。

第3題:考查固定搭配。runitscourse意為“任其發(fā)展,聽其自然”。

第4題:考查上下文語義,由后面的railways,steamships,electricityandavarietyofsteam-driven(鐵路、輪船、電力和各種蒸汽動力)以及前面提到的這是一次工業(yè)革命,可知這些是新出現(xiàn)的事物,因此填novelties(新奇的事物)最為恰當。

第5題:考查上下文語義。由后面thatincreasedproductiontremendouslyandmadetheindustrialcountriesricherandmorepowerful(這極大地增加了產量,使工業(yè)化國家更加富裕和強大)可知填machinery(機器,機械)最為恰當。

第6題:考查上下文語義。由后面的thetelephone,wirelesstelegraphy,theautomobileandtheairplane(電話、無線電報、汽車和飛機)可知技術非常的完善,因此填quite(相當,很)最為恰當。rather多用于貶義形容詞。

第7題:考查介詞辨析。表示“在某方面”用介詞in,improvementinmassproduction意為“大規(guī)模生產的改進”。

第8題:考查形容詞辨析。accessibleto意為“可得到的,容易獲得的”;availableto意為“可獲得的”;adaptableto意為“適應”;additionto意為“附加的”。由后面的ordinarypeople可知大規(guī)模的生產這些東西使普通人可以容易得到,因此選A。

第9題:考查上下文語義??蓪ⅰ癬__theradioandsoundmotionpictures”看作一個插入語,excluding意為“排除”;concluding意為“結束的”;including意為“包括”,指一個整體包含著各獨立的部分,強調“包括作為整體的一部分”;comprising意為“包含”,指一個整體包括不同部分所組成,強調“由許多部分構成一個整體”。此處是舉例說明前面“新娛樂產業(yè)”的種類,因此選C。

第10題:考查動詞辨析。enliven意為“使……更有趣(活潑)”;enrich意為“使富裕”;enhance意為“提高,增加”;enlighten意為“啟蒙,啟發(fā)”,此處表示新娛樂產業(yè)使大眾消費時代更有趣。

第11題:考查連詞??崭袂昂鬄閮蓚€句子,缺少連詞,因此填but。

第12題:考查上下文語義。slow意為“緩慢”;enlarge意為“擴大”;accelerate意為“(使)加快,(使)增速”;step意為“邁步,行走”。由后面的industrialdevelopmentdramatically(工業(yè)急劇發(fā)展)和catalyst(催化劑)可推測句子的主語thepaceofdevelopment(發(fā)展的步伐)加速,因此選C。

第13題:考查動詞辨析。stepup意為“增加,提高”;makeup意為“組成”;pickup意為“撿起”;turnup意為“出現(xiàn)”,由前面的內容可知此處表示加速工業(yè)發(fā)展,因此選B。

第14題:考查上下文語義。conflict意為“沖突”;confusion意為“混亂”;conquest意為“征服,擊敗”;conduct意為“安排,執(zhí)行”。由前面的theFirstWorldWar(第一次世界大戰(zhàn))可推測這里指第二次世界大戰(zhàn),thesecondglobalconflict(第二次全球沖突)最為恰當,因此選A。

第15題:考查名詞辨析。explosion意為“爆炸,激增”;destruction意為“破壞,毀滅”;deterioration意為“惡化”;devotion意為“獻身,奉獻”。此處表示科技的爆發(fā),因此選D。

第16題:考查固定搭配。introduceto意為“帶來,介紹”;provide/furnish/supplysb.withsth.表示提供、供應。

第17題:考查上下文語義。由后面的nuclearenergyandweapons,spacetravelandinter-continentalballisticmissiles,automationandpetro-chemicals可知帶來的影響有利有弊,因此選C,mixedblessing意為“好壞摻半之事”。

第18題:考查上下文語義。由前面的Someinventionschangedthefaceofindustry(一些發(fā)明改變了工業(yè)的面貌)可知此處的謂語動詞填alter(改變)最為恰當,與changed相對應。

第19題:考查上下文語義。inshort意為“簡而言之,總之”;inparticular意為“尤其,特別”;inconsequence意為“結果,因此”。此處表示總結,因此選B。

第20題:考查上下文語義。fascinating意為“迷人的”;challenging意為“挑戰(zhàn)性的”;amusing意為“好笑的,有趣的”;overwhelming意為“巨大的,無法抗拒的”。由but可知此處表示與前面的moreproductive,saferandmoreagreeable(更高效、更安全、更舒適)對比,因此選B。

15.單選題

Itwas()wehadhoped.

問題1選項

A.moreasuccessthan

B.asuccessmorethan

C.asmuchofasuccessas

D.asuccessasmuchas

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這次成功跟我所希望的一樣。

考查固定句式。asmuch+形容詞+as跟……-樣。

16.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyearsandwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimes—arequestionwhichhaveinterestedthemodemphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodemphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodemeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents—totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodemsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodemscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction—bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservationthesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodems;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodemispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“facts”and“theories”or“facts”and“ideas”—intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts—aparticular,classoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,ariddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis(

).

2.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmodemtimesis

).

3.Thedifferencebetween“fact”andtheory”

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis(

).

問題1選項

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

問題3選項

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodemscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題4選項

A.aninductivescience

B.nneedofsimpleverification

C.ade

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