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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theabilitytorecognizefacesissoimportantinhumansthatthebrainappearstohaveanareasolelydevotedtothetask:thefusiformgyrus.

Brainimagingstudiesconsistently(1)thatthisregionofthetemporallobebecomesactivewhen

(2)

lookatfaces.Skepticshavecountered,however,thatthesestudiesshowonlya

(3)

,butnotproof,thatactivityinthisareaisessentialforface

(4)

.Now,thankstothewillingnessofanintrepid

(5)

,anewstudyprovidesthefirstcause-and-effect

(6)

thatneuronsinthisareahelphumansrecognizefaces-andonly

(7)

,nototherbodypartsorobjects.

Anunusual

(8)

betweenresearchersandanepilepsypatientledtothe

(9).RonBlackwell,anengineerinSantaClara,California,

(10)StanfordUniversityinPaloAlto,California,in2011seekingbettertreatment

(11)

hisepilepsy.Hehadsufferedseizuressincehewasateenager,andatage47,his

(12)

wasbecominglesseffective.StanfordneurologistJosefParvizi

(13)

someteststolocatethesourceoftheseizures-andalsosuggestedthatitmightbe

(14)

toeliminatetheseizuresbysurgicallydestroyingatiny

(15)

ofbraintissuewheretheyoccurred.

Parviziusedelectrodes

(16)

onBlackwell’sscalptotracetheseizurestothetemporallobe,aboutaninch

(17)

Blackwell’srightear.Then,surgeonsplacedmoreelectrodesonthe

(18)

ofBlackwell’sbrain,nearthesuspectpointoforigininthetemporal

(19).Parvizistimulatedeachelectrodeinturnwithamildcurrent,trying

(20)Blackwell’sseizuresymptomsundersafeconditions.“Ifwegetthosesymptoms,weknowthatweareticklingtheseizurenode,”heexplains.

問題1選項

A.investigate

B.reveal

C.find

D.found

問題2選項

A.researchers

B.people

C.human

D.objects

問題3選項

A.corrosion

B.counterfeit

C.correction

D.objects

問題4選項

A.recognition

B.realization

C.imagination

D.description

問題5選項

A.counterpart

B.fellow

C.sufferer

D.partner

問題6選項

A.evidence

B.source

C.wit

D.facture

問題7選項

A.facets

B.faces

C.facial

D.facile

問題8選項

A.collaboration

B.deliberation

C.matching

D.gathering

問題9選項

A.imagination

B.conclusion

C.combination

D.discovery

問題10選項

A.droveto

B.heldup

C.cameto

D.madewayfor

問題11選項

A.for

B.forth

C.about

D.with

問題12選項

A.treatment

B.medication

C.perception

D.operation

問題13選項

A.pointed

B.managed

C.supplied

D.suggested

問題14選項

A.clear

B.worthy

C.possible

D.certain

問題15選項

A.area

B.segment

C.fragment

D.par

問題16選項

A.installed

B.settled

C.placed

D.distilled

問題17選項

A.around

B.above

C.beneath

D.across

問題18選項

A.surface

B.surficial

C.surfer

D.surfeit

問題19選項

A.scalp

B.section

C.lobe

D.leaf

問題20選項

A.toirrigate

B.totrigger

C.tobarrel

D.toflick

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】(1)考查動詞詞義辨析。investigate調(diào)查,研究;reveal揭露,透露;find發(fā)現(xiàn)。這里指“通過腦成像研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)”,所以C項符合題意。答案C。

(2)考查名詞詞義辨析。此處意為:當(dāng)人們看著人臉時,顳葉的這一區(qū)域會變得活躍。people這里泛指所有人,故答案為B。

(3)考查名詞詞義辨析。corrosion腐蝕;counterfeit偽造品;correction改正;objects物體。由后文的“butnotproof沒有證據(jù)”可知C項正確。答案C。

(4)考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition識別,承認(rèn);realization實現(xiàn),領(lǐng)悟;imagination想象力;description描述。文章開頭就指出“面孔識別能力非常重要”,故A項正確。答案A。

(5)考查名詞詞義辨析。intrepid勇敢的,無畏的,由于癲癇是一種病,綜合上下文,可以知道這里是選擇患者。Counterpart配對物;fellow同事;sufferer患者,受害者;partner伙伴,合伙人。答案C。

(6)考查名詞詞義辨析。evidence證據(jù);source來源;wit智慧;facture制作,發(fā)票。通過上下文語境可知,前面還沒有有力的證據(jù)可以說明兩者之間的關(guān)系,后面已經(jīng)找到這種因果證據(jù),所以,可知答案選擇A。

(7)考查形近詞辨析。facets面狀;face臉,表面;facial面部的;facile溫和的。神經(jīng)元只能區(qū)別臉部,后面nototherbody

partsorobjects.可知答案為B。

(8)考查名詞詞義辨析。collaboration合作,勾結(jié);deliberation審議,考慮;matching相配的;gathering聚集。由betweenand可知這里考查的是兩者之間的合作,答案A。

(9)考查名詞詞義辨析。imagination想象;conclusion結(jié)論;combination結(jié)合;discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。通過上下文的語境可知答案為D。

(10)考查動詞詞組辨析。droveto驅(qū)車前往;heldup舉起;cameto前來;madewayfor給······讓路此處句意為:布萊克威爾只身來到斯坦福大學(xué)參加治療。只有C項符合語義。答案C。

(11)考查介詞詞義辨析。for“為,為了;給”,符合題意,答案A。

(12)考查名詞詞義辨析。treatment“治療,療法;medication“藥物;藥物治療”,分析上下文可知這里是指藥物治療,所以后面布萊克威爾才來到斯坦福做外科手術(shù)。答案B。

(13)考查動詞詞義辨析。Point指向;supply供應(yīng);manage管理;suggest表明。由alsosuggested可以推出此處答案為suggest,答案D。

(14)考查形容詞詞義辨析。Clear清晰的;worthy值得的;possible可能的;certain肯定的。帕維茨認(rèn)為是非??赡艿?,這里只是他的推測,并不是很確定。故答案C。

(15)考查名詞詞義辨析。area區(qū)域,范圍;segment段,部分;fragment碎片,片斷;par標(biāo)準(zhǔn),票面價值。由上下文可知答案為A。

(16)考查動詞詞義辨析。Install安裝;settle解決,安排;place放置,任命;distill提取,蒸餾。由“placedmoreelectrodeson加更多電極在···上···”可知C項符合題意。答案C。

(17)考查介詞詞義辨析。醫(yī)生將電極放置在布萊克威爾的右耳上一英寸的地方,B項符合句意。答案B。

(18)考查形近詞詞義辨析。surface表面,表層;surficial地表的;地面的;surfer沖浪運(yùn)動員,surfeit過度;飲食過度;這里是指將電極放置在大腦的表皮層。答案A。

(19)考查名詞詞義辨析。Scalp頭皮,戰(zhàn)利品;section地區(qū);lobe(腦、肺等的)葉,耳垂;leaf葉子。temporallobe表示顳葉,故答案為C。

(20)考查動詞詞義辨析。trigger引發(fā),觸發(fā);irrigate灌溉,沖洗;barrel把······裝入桶內(nèi);flick輕彈,輕輕拂去。由句意“在安全的條件下嘗試了40次去觸發(fā)布萊克威爾的癲癇癥狀?!笨芍鸢笧锽。

2.單選題

Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.Forexample,thecasethemeinthetrialofErickandLyleMenendez,twobrothersaccusedofmurderingtheirparents,was“theabuseexcuse”;Thebrothersshouldbeexcusebecausetheyhadbeenseverelyabused.AprimarycasethemeoftheO.J.Simpsondefensewas“thepolicemessedupandplantedevidence.”

Themesaresimple,brief(onesentence!)statementsthatcapturetheessenceofyourargument.Youcontrolthelensthroughwhichthefactswillbeviewed.Foratriallawyer,thisisabsolutelycritical.Ifthelawyerfailstoestablishacasetheme,heorshegivesopposingcounseltheadvantage.Orevenworse,thelisteners,orthoseyouaretryingtopersuade,willadoptthethemesuggestedtothembyyouradversary.Whoevercontrolsthedefinitionofthecaseisinevitablytheonewiththepower.

Justasathemegivesthelistenersageneralizingprinciplearoundwhichinformationcanbeorganized,sotoodoesitgiveyouone.Thegreattriallawyersemphasizetheneedforanoverallstrategyaswellasday-to-daytactics.Acasethemeembodiesalawyer'soverallstrategyinanutshellandhelpsherorganizethecasesothatshealwaysstaysontargetuseathemetohelpyoustaywellandeasilyfocusedontheoverallthrustofyourpresentation.

Agoodcasethemealsogreatlyenhancesyourcredibility.(41)Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remember,youletpeopleknow-well-definedandthoughtourpointofview.Suchspecificityaddstoyourperceivedcompetenceandtrustworthiness.Remember:successfultriallawyersareneverwishy-washy.

1.Thecaseinvolvingtwobrotherkillersdemonstratesthat().

2.Themessageofthispassageisthat().

3.Agoodcasethemecanprevent().

4.Anadditionalmeritofagoodcasethemeisthatyoumay().

5.Thelastword“wishy-washy”isclosestinmeaningto().

問題1選項

A.evenmurdersmaybeexcusedsometimes

B.awell-definedargumentcanwinadifficultcase

C.childabusersshouldbedulypunished

D.upholdingjusticeisthemostimportantincourt

問題2選項

A.goodlawyersareofcriticalimportanceinalawsuit

B.legalproceduressometimesmayrunoutofcontrol

C.murdercasescanbemanipulatedaspeoplewish

D.awell-definedfocusingpointisakeytowinacase

問題3選項

A.thetriallawyerfromlosinghisorhertargetindefense

B.theopposingsidefromformingtheircasetheme

C.audiencefrombeingeasilypersuaded

D.thosewhohavepowerfromcontrollingthetrial

問題4選項

A.getmoreinformation

B.controltheopposingside

C.proveyourcompetence

D.trustthejuryandthejudge

問題5選項

A.indecisive

B.imaginative

C.inadequate

D.illogical

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.Forexample,thecasethemeinthetrialofErickandLyleMenendez,twobrothersaccusedofmurderingtheirparents,was“theabuseexcuse”;Thebrothersshouldbeexcusebecausetheyhadbeenseverelyabused.案例的成功或失敗往往取決于一個被稱為案例主題的組織原則。例如,Erick和LyleMenendez兩兄弟被控謀殺他們的父母,他們的審判主題是“為虐待申辯”;兄弟倆應(yīng)該得到原諒,因為他們受到了嚴(yán)重的虐待?!痹摪咐袃尚值軞⒑Ω改竻s得到了原諒,原因是他們被父母嚴(yán)重虐待,由此可知公平在法庭中起非常重要的作用。故D項正確。ABC三項均不能說明該案件體現(xiàn)的道理。

2.主旨大意題。第一段開頭就提到了Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.案例的成功或失敗往往取決于一個被稱為案例主題的組織原則。接下來的段落都是圍繞casetheme展開論述。全文主要講述了一個好的案例主題(焦點(diǎn))是贏得官司的關(guān)鍵。故D項正確。

3.判斷推理題。由第三段Thegreattriallawyersemphasizetheneedforanoverallstrategyaswellasday-to-daytactics.Acasethemeembodiesalawyer'soverallstrategyinanutshellandhelpsherorganizethecasesothatshealwaysstaysontargetuseathemetohelpyoustaywellandeasilyfocusedontheoverallthrustofyourpresentation.偉大的辯護(hù)律師強(qiáng)調(diào)整體戰(zhàn)略和日常戰(zhàn)術(shù)的必要性。案例主題概括地體現(xiàn)了律師的總體策略,并幫助她組織案例,使她始終緊扣主題,幫助你保持良好的狀態(tài),輕松地聚焦于陳述的總體主旨??芍玫陌咐黝}能使辯護(hù)律師在辯護(hù)時始終聚焦于主題,不會走偏。故A項正確。

4.判斷推理題。由第二段Ifthelawyerfailstoestablishacasetheme,heorshegivesopposingcounseltheadvantage.Orevenworse,thelisteners,orthoseyouaretryingtopersuade,willadoptthethemesuggestedtothembyyouradversary.如果律師未能確立案件主題,他或她就會給予對方律師優(yōu)勢。更糟糕的是,聽眾或你試圖說服的人會采用你的對手建議的主題。由此可知一個好的案件主題能控制反方。

5.詞義題。Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remember,youletpeopleknow-well-definedandthought-ourpointofview.Suchspecificityaddstoyourperceivedcompetenceandtrustworthiness.Remember:successfultriallawyersareneverwishy-washy.當(dāng)你建立一個簡潔的,易于記憶的案件主題時,你讓人們明確地知道我們的觀點(diǎn)。這種專一性會增加你的能力和可信度。記住:成功的辯護(hù)律師從不優(yōu)柔寡斷。indecisive猶豫不決的;imaginative富于想象力的,具有創(chuàng)造力的;inadequate不充足的;illogical不合邏輯的,不合理的。既然是成功的辯護(hù)律師的特點(diǎn),那應(yīng)該用褒義詞,故先排除CD兩項。B項“富有想象力的”不是律師的特點(diǎn),相反律師是依據(jù)事實說話。故A項正確。

3.單選題

Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep(

)intointernationalfinancialmarkets.

問題1選項

A.idea

B.understanding

C.knowledge

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在當(dāng)今的國際銀行業(yè),一個銀行必須對國際金融市場有深入的洞察。idea“觀點(diǎn);主意”;understanding“理解”;knowledge“知識”;insight“洞察力”。根據(jù)句意,選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Mr.Liisthepresent(

)ofthepresidentialchairofthecompany.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.prescription

C.professor

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:李先生現(xiàn)任公司總裁。

transaction交易;事務(wù);辦理。prescription藥方;指示;慣例。professor教授;教師。incumbent在職者;現(xiàn)任者。

5.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally___oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問題1選項

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reflections反映;反響B(tài).demonstrations示范;展示

C.illuminations啟發(fā);闡釋D.reproductions復(fù)制;復(fù)制品

【考查點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析。

【解題思路】句中mirror在這里表示反映的意思,that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句修飾novel,在這里表示嘗試反映世界的小說。空格后接of,of短語做后置定語。主句為novelsare+空格處名詞??崭裉帒?yīng)該填一個與mirror相似的單詞,表示反映的意思。A選項reflection符合句意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項demonstration表示清楚細(xì)致地展示;

C選項illumination指某物能夠被理解;

D選項reproduction表示復(fù)制出與原物相似的物品。

【句意】許多試圖反映世界的小說實際上反映了它們所代表的現(xiàn)實。

6.單選題

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin(

).

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat(

).

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe(

).

問題1選項

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

問題2選項

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

問題3選項

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

問題4選項

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

問題5選項

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學(xué)家特別感興趣的是,團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。選項A符合原文。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答,但志愿者不知道的是,他們被告知要選錯一條線。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”,所以選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這個實驗中超過一半的被選中的受害者會改變他們的觀點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人解釋說,他們知道小組的選擇是錯誤的,但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力,因為小組的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項B正確。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,這個實驗實際上是想證明第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。最后得出結(jié)論,大多數(shù)會在團(tuán)體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“當(dāng)一個人加入一個群體時,他往往會接受這個群體的行為和思維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,后面通過實驗來證明這個觀點(diǎn)。選項A和C表述太籠統(tǒng),相對于選項D,選項B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個標(biāo)題更好。

7.單選題

Besidescoldtemperatures,shortgrowingseasonsandheavysnowsalsoprevent(

)athighelevations.

問題1選項

A.andgrowthoftrees

B.thegrowthoftrees

C.treesaregrowing

D.growtrees

【答案】B

【解析】考查主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:除了寒冷的氣溫,在高海拔地區(qū),較短的生長季節(jié)和嚴(yán)重的降雪也會阻止樹的生長。prevent為謂語,其后接賓語,應(yīng)用名詞形式。只有B項符合題意。

8.單選題

Whydosomedesertplantsgrowtallandthinlikeorganpipes?Whydomosttreesinthetropicskeeptheirleavesyearround?WhyintheArctictundraaretherenotreesatall?Aftermanyyearswithoutconvincinggeneralanswers,wenowknowmuchaboutwhatsetsthefashioninplantdesign.

Usingterminologymorecharacteristicofathermalengineerthanofabotanist,wecanthinkofplantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets.AplantbydayisstakedoutundertheSunwithnowayofshelteringitself.Alldaylongitabsorbsheat.Ifitdidnotloseasmuchheatasitgained,theneventuallyitwoulddie.

Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphereandthecold,blackreachesofspacetemperatureistolerablefortheprocessesoflife.PlantsintheArctictundralieclosetothegroundinthethinlayerofstillairthatclingsthere.AfootortwoabovethegroundarethewindsofArcticcold.TundraplantsabsorbheatfromtheSunandtendtowarmup;theyprobablybalancemostoftheirheatbudgetsbyradiatingheattospace,butalsobywarmingthestillairthatistrappedamongthem.AslongasArcticplantsareclosetotheground,theycanbalancetheirheatbudgets.Butiftheyshouldstretchupasatreedoes,theywouldlifttheirworkingparts,theirleaves,intothestreamingArcticwinds.ThenitislikelythattheplantscouldnotabsorbenoughheatfromtheSuntoavoidbeingcooledbelowacriticaltemperature.YourheatbudgetdoesnotbalanceifyoustandtallintheArctic.

Suchthinkingalsohelpsexplainothercharacteristicsofplantdesign.AdesertplantfacestheoppositeproblemfromthatofanArcticplant—thedangerofoverheating.Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating.Thefamiliarsticklikeshapeofdesertplantsrepresentsoneofthesolutionstothisproblem:theshapeexposesthesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiationandprovidesthelargestpossiblesurfacefromwhichtheplantcanradiateheat.Intropicalrainforests,bywayofcontrast,thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplantsbecausethereissufficientwater.

Thisworkingmodelallowsustoconnectthegeneralcharacteristicsoftheformsofplantsindifferenthabitatswithfactorssuchastemperature,availabilityofwater,andpresenceorabsenceofseasonaldifferences.OurEarthiscoveredwithapatchworkquiltofmeteorologicalconditions,andthepatternsofthispatchworkarefaithfullyreflectedbytheplants.

1.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofplantsdoesthepassageprimarilyfocuson?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostresponsibleforpreventingtreesfromgrowingtallintheArctic?

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"sticklikeshapeofdesertplants"inLine3(Paragraph4)canbeattributedtothe()

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributionstotheplants,balancingtheirheatEXCEPT.

5.WhichistheTRUEstatementaboutthedifferentplants?

問題1選項

A.Theirabilitytogrowequallywellinallenvironments.

B.TheireffectsontheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Theirabilitytostorewaterfordryperiods.

D.Theirabilitytobalanceheatintakeandoutput.

問題2選項

A.Thehard,frozenground.

B.Thesmallamountofavailablesunshine.

C.Thecold,destructivewinds.

D.Thelargeamountofsnowthatfallseachyear.

問題3選項

A.inabilityoftheplantstoradiateheattotheairaroundthem

B.presenceofirregularseasonaldifferencesinthedesert

C.largesurfaceareathattheplantsmustexposetotheSun

D.extremeheatandaridityofthehabitat

問題4選項

A.radiatingheattotheatmosphere

B.warmingtheairaroundthem

C.absorbingheatfromthesun

D.evaporatingwater

問題5選項

A.Arcticplantsexposethesmallestpossiblesurfacetoincomingsolarradiation.

B.Tropicalplantsareusuallynotaffectedbythestrongsunshine.

C.Desertplantsgrowdenselyclosetotheground.

D.Plantsindifferentregionsshownorelationstotheseasons.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨思想題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句"plantsasmechanismsthatmustbalancetheirheatbudgets."植物作為生物體要保持熱量的平衡,之后的段落主要說明植物是如何保持熱量平衡的。所以本文主要圍繞植物吸收與散發(fā)熱量的平衡來展開說明。選項D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,只要北極植物靠近地面,就能平衡熱量收支,如果北極植物過高,則會受到北極風(fēng)的影響,從而無法從太陽吸收足夠的熱量。所以,北極植物長得矮主要是受北極的風(fēng)影響,選項C正確。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句"Itisshortofwaterandsocannotcoolitselfbyevaporationwithoutdehydrating"它缺少水,所以不脫水就不能通過蒸發(fā)來冷卻自己。選項D符合原文。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句"Plantsgetridoftheirheatbywarmingtheairaroundthem,byevaporatingwater,andbyradiatingheattotheatmosphere"。只有選項C沒有提及。

第5題:信息判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知選項A指的是沙漠植物而不是北極植物;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句"Intropicalrainforests,...thescorchingsunisnotaproblemforplants..."可知選項B正確;選項C描述的是北極植物;根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知,不同地區(qū)的植物與季節(jié)相關(guān),所以選項D也錯誤。

9.單選題

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow()forit.

問題1選項

A.nonetheworse

B.nonethebetter

C.neverworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。nonetheworsefor“未受……損害”,后面一般接具體事件或事物。nonethebetterforit“不因此而好些;絲毫不受影響”是一個習(xí)慣用法。句意:這個可憐的女孩在醫(yī)院里住了半年多,但她現(xiàn)在絲毫不受影響。因此B選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Withprice()somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.

問題1選項

A.vibrating

B.waving

C.swinging

D.fluctuating

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項vibrate“震動,顫動”;B選項wave“揮舞,飄揚(yáng)”;C選項swing“搖擺”;D選項fluctuate“波動,起伏”。根據(jù)句意:由于價格波動很大,公司很難制定出預(yù)算。表示價格的起伏波動應(yīng)該用fluctuate,所以選項D正確。

11.單選題

Noonecanfunctioniftheyare()ofadequatesleep.

問題1選項

A.deprived

B.ripped

C.stripped

D.contrived

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項deprive“使喪失,剝奪”,常和介詞of搭配;B選項rip“撕裂”;C選項strip“剝?nèi)ァ保籇選項contrive“謀劃,設(shè)法做到”。句意:如果剝奪了充足的睡眠,沒有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剝奪的意思,但是strip較普遍,多指剝削金錢,土地等物質(zhì)上的東西。而deprive除了前面的意思,還可以特指權(quán)利,勢力等東西。所以選項A更符合語境。

12.單選題

Thepaintontheclown’sface()thatitscaredthechildrenhewastryingtoentertain.

問題1選項

A.wassoexaggeration

B.wereanexaggeration

C.wassuchanexaggeration

D.wasexaggerating

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)后面的that可知,這里考查so(such)…that...的句型。so后面接形容詞或副詞,such后接名詞。exaggeration為名詞,所以選項C正確。

13.單選題

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.(This,ofcourse,omitsre-constructiveoperationstorepairbumsorreplacemissingbreasts.)Eightoutoftencosmeticoperationsareperformedoutsideproperhospital—someinoperationroomsthatlookmorelikeoffices.Warningsofside-effectrarelyappearinadvertisements;nordotherecordsoftheeagersurgeons.Sinceitis“elective”surgery,notcoveredbyinsurance,fewofthenormalrulesapply.

Insidetheindustry,rumorsofmalpracticearerife.Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeerswho“hewouldn’tlettouchmydog’sbody.”

1.Accordingtotheparagraph,cosmeticsurgeonsthinkthat().

2.ItisreportedthattheFoodandDrugAdministrationinquiredintotheeffectsofsiliconeimplant,because().

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Thedifferencebetweenthecosmeticsurgeryandothersurgeryisthat().

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassage,“peers”refersto().

問題1選項

A.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintswerestartedparticularlybefore1985

B.thesiliconeimplantaredangerous

C.thesiliconeimplantarelinkedwithbody’simmunesystem

D.thesiliconeimplantcomplaintsareduetothoseprofit-happylawyers

問題2選項

A.therewasacaseinDecemberaboutawomanwhosufferedfromtheimplant

B.therehadbeenalotofcasesincourtaboutsiliconeimplant

C.DowCominghasproducedsomepoor-qualitysiliconeimplant

D.itdidnotwanttoaskfortheoperationstostopit

問題3選項

A.Americanwomenhadoncebeeninpanicbecauseoftheremovalofacontraceptivedevicefromthemarket.

B.DaikonSheildisabrandname.

C.About1.6millionwomenhavehadimplantsbecausetheywantedtobemorebeautiful

D.ACaliforniandoctorbegantoearnlessmoney.

問題4選項

A.theformeristooperateonthehealthybody,whilethelatteristooperateonthesickbody

B.theformeristodoharmtoaperson,whilethelatteristocureaperson

C.theformeriswithglitteringadvocates,whilethelatteristorepairbums

D.theformeristobeperformedoutsideproperhospitals,whilethelatteristobeperformedinsideproperhospitals

問題5選項

A.industryowners

B.plasticsurgeons

C.humorists

D.officers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.”,可知已經(jīng)有超過2000起投訴,特別是關(guān)于1985年以前植入物的投訴——盡管整形外科醫(yī)生將制造問題歸咎于律師們。可判斷出整容外科醫(yī)生認(rèn)為硅膠植入物的投訴是由于那些喜歡賺錢的律師。選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“…becauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplant….”,可知美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局對硅膠植入物進(jìn)行調(diào)查的原因是法庭上出現(xiàn)了很多這樣的案例,下文提出一個婦女獲賠的案例只是其中一個??膳袛喑雒绹称匪幤繁O(jiān)督管理局對硅膠植入物的效果進(jìn)行了調(diào)查的原因在于法庭上有很多關(guān)于硅膠植入的案例。選項B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974”,可知自從1974年一種名為DaikonSheild的避孕設(shè)備被撤市以來,這一消息在美國女性中引起的恐慌超過了任何醫(yī)療因素??膳袛喑雒绹栽?jīng)因為避孕設(shè)備從市場上撤下而恐慌,這一表達(dá)復(fù)符合文意,選項A可排除。也可判斷出DaikonSheild是一個品牌名稱,選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段,“…some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons…”,可知大約有200萬女性做手術(shù),因為她們想變得更美麗,選項C可排除。根據(jù)排除法,選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicinewhereaperfectlyhealthypatientiscutup.”,可知整容手術(shù)是唯一一種把完全健康的病人割傷的醫(yī)術(shù),這也是整容術(shù)和其他手術(shù)的區(qū)別。選項A符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句,“Oneseniorplasticsurgeonsaysthathehasalistofpeers…”,可知一位資深整形外科醫(yī)生說,他有一份同伴名單……,可知資深整形外科醫(yī)生的同伴指整形外科醫(yī)生,peer意思為同伴,同等的人。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Someteenagerharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which()themtherightandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.

問題1選項

A.deprives

B.restricts

C.denies

D.rejects

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deprive“剝奪”;restrict“限制;約束”;deny“否定,拒絕給與”;reject“限制,約束”。一些青少年為什么會“憎恨社會”,就是因為社會“拒絕給與他們承認(rèn)的權(quán)利和特權(quán)”,因此選項C符合題意。

15.單選題

This()girlisMary'scousin.

問題1選項

A.prettylittleSwedish

B.Swedishlittlepretty

C.Swedishprettylittle

D.littleprettySwedish

【答案】A

【解析】考查多個形容詞修飾名詞時的詞序。通常順序是:?限定詞—表示說話人評價的形容詞—表示大小、形狀、新舊的形容詞—表示顏色的形容詞—表示國別、來源、材料的形容詞—表示用途或目的的形容詞或分詞,名詞等類別詞—名詞中心詞。根據(jù)規(guī)則,選項A正確。

16.單選題

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution(1760-1840)when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincom

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