考研考博-英語-華東交通大學(xué)理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東交通大學(xué)理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwise,itmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildacrossacrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearntofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamswithoutcausingthetotalblockages(堵塞)thatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonebewell-manneredontheroad.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule”impliesthat（）.

3.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.people’sattitudetowardsdrivers

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.trafficconditions

D.thebehaviorofthedriver

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

D.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetherudedriver

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultconditions

B.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

C.thedriver’stoleranceofbadroadconditions

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtooneanother

B.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifices

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsufferagreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

B.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

C.rudeandinconsideratedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldtrytheirbesttoavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Youmighttoleratetherudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule(但是路上的禮貌問題正變得令人恐懼。你或許容忍粗魯且不顧別人的司機(jī)，但如今有禮貌的司機(jī)卻是規(guī)則的一個(gè)例外)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“司機(jī)的行為”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。該句意思為:你或許容忍粗魯且不顧別人的司機(jī)，但如今有禮貌的司機(jī)卻是規(guī)則的一個(gè)例外。以及前面一句指出:但是路上的禮貌問題正變得令人恐懼。由此可知，C項(xiàng)“如今不禮貌的司機(jī)構(gòu)成了司機(jī)中的大多數(shù)”正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。goodsense本意指“有理智”，可參考第二段:Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehaviors(當(dāng)遭遇不文明的行為時(shí)，需要最冷靜且好脾氣的司機(jī)去抗拒報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑)。因此B項(xiàng)“司機(jī)去理解且合理地反應(yīng)的能力”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞car-ownershipexplosion定位至最后一段:Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers(多年前，專家們就警告過我們:汽車的持有率的激增會(huì)向所有道路使用者要求更多互讓)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“司機(jī)應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備去相互讓步”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:However,improperpolitenesscanalsobedangerous(然而，不恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y貌也可能是危險(xiǎn)的)。由此可推測(cè)A項(xiàng)“司機(jī)應(yīng)該恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂玫缆范Y貌”為正確選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Althoughtheintellectualandartisticachievementsofthisancientcivilizationwere,evenbymodemstandards,extraordinarily（

）,itsleveloftechnicalandmechanical

developmentwasbynomeans（

）tothatofmodemtechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primitive...superior

B.parable

C.primeval...equivalent

D.influential...subordinate

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，非常的”；superior“出眾的，優(yōu)秀的”;B選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的，精致的”;comparable“可比的”;C選項(xiàng)primeval^原始的”；equivalent

“等價(jià)的”；D選項(xiàng)influential“有影響力的”;subordinate“次要的，從屬的”。根據(jù)句意‘雖然這個(gè)古代文明的知識(shí)和藝術(shù)成就即使按現(xiàn)代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也相當(dāng)有影響力，但是它的技術(shù)和機(jī)械的發(fā)展絕不遜色于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)?！疍選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Televisionhasbecomesuchapopularinformationmediumthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alotofmagazinesandnewspapershavegonebroke

B.loadsofmagazinesandnewspaperscannotcompetewell

C.manymagazinesandnewspapersdonotgetreadbyverymanypeopleanymore

D.manymagazinesandnewspapershavelostmostoftheirreaders

【答案】D

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。題干句意為：電視已經(jīng)成為這樣一種受歡迎的信息媒介以至于……。題干用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因此空格處也應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。故排除B和C。而A項(xiàng)“許多雜志和報(bào)紙破產(chǎn)了”過于絕對(duì)，因此無論從句意還是從時(shí)態(tài)上來說，D項(xiàng)“許多雜志和報(bào)紙失去了大部分讀者”正確。

4.翻譯題

人性的完整在于承認(rèn)自己的缺陷，勇敢地摒棄不現(xiàn)實(shí)的幻想而又不以此為缺憾。人性的完整還在于意識(shí)到自己能夠使悲劇性的人生繼續(xù)存在下去，能夠在失去親人后依然表現(xiàn)出完整的個(gè)人風(fēng)范。

當(dāng)我們承認(rèn)瑕疵是構(gòu)成人性的一部分，同時(shí)又能繼續(xù)在生活中不懈地奮斗，并大大贊美這樣的人生價(jià)值時(shí)，我們就會(huì)獲得其他人僅能期盼的完整人生。我相信這就是上帝對(duì)我們的要求：不求“完美”，也不求“永不犯錯(cuò)誤”，而是求得人性的“完整”。

【答案】【參考譯文】Thereisawholenesstohumannaturethatconsistsinadmittingourlimitations,inbeingbraveenoughtoletgoofunrealisticdreamsandnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereisawholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedyandsurvive,canlosesomeoneandbestilllikeacompleteperson.

Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedawholenessthatotherscanonlyaspireto.That,Ibelieve,iswhatgodasksofus—not“beperfect”,not“donotevenmakeamistake”,but“bewhole”.

5.單選題

Thebillwaspassedunanimouslyasaresultoftheintensivelobbyingofsomesenators.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withoutanyobjections

B.intheultimate

C.inthebackgroundt

D.againstheavyodds

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。unanimously表示“全體一致地”；A項(xiàng)withoutanyobjections“沒有任何異議”，B項(xiàng)intheultimate“終于”，C項(xiàng)inthebackground“在后面，在幕后”，D項(xiàng)againstheavyodds“敵眾我寡”。句意：由于一些參議員的大力游說，這項(xiàng)法案獲得一致通過。根據(jù)句意可知，“一致”相當(dāng)于“沒有任何異議”，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe’dnevermarriedhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.insolvable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。incompatible“不相容的；矛盾的”;insensible“昏迷的；無知覺的”；inseparable“不可分的”；insolvable“不能解決的”。根據(jù)后半句“她希望沒跟他結(jié)過婚”可知他們兩人是有著不可調(diào)和的矛盾，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

I’dratheryou（

）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.didn’tdo

C.don’t

D.didn’t

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我寧愿你目前什么也不要做。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。Wouldrather后面接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。

8.單選題

Thisyoungman,（）withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessed

B.negotiated

C.compromised

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obsessed“著迷，糾纏”；B選項(xiàng)negotiated“談判，協(xié)商”；C選項(xiàng)compromised“妥協(xié)，連累”；D選項(xiàng)provided“提供，給予”。句意：這個(gè)年輕人，_____追求物質(zhì)上的滿足，除了錢什么都不關(guān)心?？疾榱斯潭ù钆鋙bsesswith“癡迷于某事”，而這里也是說的年輕人癡迷于物質(zhì)，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Itisimpossibletooveremphasizetheimportanceofcommercialactivitytoacountryanditspeople.Inalmostalldevelopingcountries,economicdevelopmentdependsupongrowthinexporttrade,whichinturncreatesjobsandraiseslivingstandards.Theincreasingimportrequirementswhichflowfromeconomicdevelopmentmustsomehowbefinanced,fromforeignexchangereceipts,derivedfromexportearningsandcapitalinvestment.Withoutdynamicexpansioninexportsthegrowthofyourcountry’seconomywillalmostcertainlyslacken.Yourobjectiveasacommercialrepresentativeisobviouslytodothebestpossiblejobimprovingyourcountry’sexportearningsinthebroadestmeaningoftheterm.

Thetimehaslongsincearrivedtorecognizecommercialrepresentationasaprofessionperse,thesuccessfulexerciseorwhichispositivelycorrelatedwithcarefulinitialselectionofcommercialrepresentatives,thelevelandcontentoftheirformaleducationandspecializedtraining,thelengthandvarietyoftheirpertinentexperience,andthequalityofsupporttheyreceivefromthetradepromotionorganization(TPO)orministryathome.

【答案】商務(wù)活動(dòng)對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家及其人民來說，無論怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)它的重要性都不過分。在幾乎所有發(fā)展中國(guó)家，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取決于出口貿(mào)易的增長(zhǎng)，而出口貿(mào)易反過來又能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并提高生活水平。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而增加的對(duì)進(jìn)口物資的需求，這種需求必須以某種方式從外匯交易、出口收入和對(duì)外投資中獲得資金。沒有出口的有力擴(kuò)張，國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度肯定會(huì)放慢。作為一名商務(wù)代表，你們的目標(biāo)從廣泛意義上來說顯然是盡最大努力提高你們國(guó)家的出口創(chuàng)匯能力。

駐外商務(wù)代表本身是一種職業(yè)，這是早就應(yīng)該承認(rèn)的事實(shí)，其成功與否與商務(wù)代表的慎重選擇息息相關(guān)。是否有正規(guī)教育和專門訓(xùn)練的水平和內(nèi)容、他們過去的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的多少和內(nèi)容，以及他們能從國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易促進(jìn)組織(TPO)或商務(wù)部獲得的什么樣的支持，這些都是應(yīng)該考慮的內(nèi)容。

10.單選題

Althoughheisinhisfifties,his（

）armsareaspowerfulasthoseofayoungman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.energetic

B.gigantic

C.muscular

D.effective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。energetic“精力充沛的”；gigantic“巨大的，龐大的”；muscular“肌肉的，強(qiáng)健的”；effective“有效的”。句意：盡管他已經(jīng)五十多歲了，他充滿肌肉的手臂像年輕人一樣充滿力量。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,______wasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”；B選項(xiàng)andthen“然后；其次”；C選項(xiàng)orso“大約”；D選項(xiàng)evenso“即使如此”。句意：當(dāng)我聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我想我是在學(xué)校，______是在和一個(gè)朋友度假。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是要么在學(xué)校，要么在度假，A選項(xiàng)orelse“要不然”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

The______questioninthiscaseiswhethertheaccusedhadamotiveforthiscrimeornot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.forcible

C.supreme

D.valuable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”；B選項(xiàng)forcible“有說服力的”；C選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的；極大的，極其的”；D選項(xiàng)valuable“有價(jià)值的；重要的”。句意：這個(gè)案子的______問題是被告是否有犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)語境，A選項(xiàng)crucial“決定性的”比較符合犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)在案件中的參考作用，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

（

）atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas

B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker

C.Thespeakersosuccessful

D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這位演講者通過巧妙的語言如此成功地表達(dá)了她的潛在信息，以致她的演講得到學(xué)生們震耳欲聾的掌聲。

語法題?？疾椴糠值寡b。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容詞提前,句子需要部分倒裝,故選B。

14.單選題

Theliberalartseducationasksthatweconfrontourunexaminedworldviewwithhistoricalunderstanding,newtheoriesandintercultural（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.aspects

D.respects

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“觀點(diǎn)，遠(yuǎn)景”;aspect“方面，形勢(shì)”;respect“尊敬,尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我們用歷史理解、新理論和跨文化視角來看待我們未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的世界觀。

根據(jù)句意可知，填空處是表示看待未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的世界觀的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective強(qiáng)調(diào)主體,指人觀察或思考的角度;而aspect強(qiáng)調(diào)客體,指事物的某個(gè)方面。句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我們看待世界的跨文化角度，所以選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

15.翻譯題

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.

Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.

【答案】相比之下，利己的女權(quán)主義傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的人權(quán)并崇尚婦女追求個(gè)人的自主，卻貶低性別角色的重要性并減少對(duì)生育子女和撫養(yǎng)子女責(zé)任的探討。

然而，從1890年到1920年，關(guān)系論的女權(quán)主義在女權(quán)思想中占主導(dǎo)地位而且現(xiàn)在仍然在歐洲和非西方女權(quán)主義者中占優(yōu)勢(shì)，它在英國(guó)和美國(guó)失去了影響。

但是利己主義的研究方法，通過抨擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，譴責(zé)現(xiàn)存家庭體制是不可救藥的家長(zhǎng)制,常常將對(duì)許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色僅視為毫不重要的事情。

16.單選題

Everybodyknowsthattheearthisspherical,______?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesn’the

B.doesn’tshe

C.don’tthey

D.doesn’tit

【答案】C

【解析】考查反義疑問句。句意：每個(gè)人都知道地球是球形的，不是嗎？當(dāng)陳述句的主語是everybody時(shí)，反義疑問句的主語用they。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandtabletennis,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.

Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.

Noontimecameandwent;Nixon,whorarelyhadlunch,andKissinger,whorarelymissedit,skippedthemealandwentrightontalkingforalmostfourhours.

See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.

Mathematicianswhohavetriedtousecomputerstocopythewaythebrainworkshavefoundthatusingeventhelatestelectronicequipmenttheywouldhavetobuildacomputerwhichweighedover10,000kilos.

Wemaintainthatnopeacesituationispermanentwhichdoesnottakeintoaccountthelegitimatewishesofthemajorityofthepeopleofanycountry.

Hiseight-minutevaledictorywaseverythingthatGorewasn'tduringhiseighteen-monthcampaign:graceful,authentic,inspiring.

Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.

Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruth'ssake,andthatis“asfarasdonoharm''.

Don'tbeaboveaskingaboutthingsyoudon'tunderstand.

【答案】晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他將起草最后公報(bào)。

約翰是可以信賴的。他忠誠(chéng)而守規(guī)矩。

中午到了，又過去了；很少吃午飯的尼克松和很少錯(cuò)過午餐的基辛格跳過了這頓飯，他們直接洽談了將近四個(gè)小時(shí)。

在那以后的四個(gè)星期內(nèi)，消息時(shí)好時(shí)壞，兩種情況不斷地交替出現(xiàn)，一直沒有明朗化。

試圖使用計(jì)算機(jī)復(fù)制大腦工作方式的數(shù)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是使用最新的電子設(shè)備，他們必須制造一臺(tái)體重超過1萬公斤的計(jì)算機(jī)。

我們認(rèn)為沒有任何和平局面是永久的，如果不考慮任何國(guó)家大多數(shù)人民的合法愿望。

他八分鐘的告別演講很成功，Gore在他十八個(gè)月的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)中卻沒有表現(xiàn)出來：優(yōu)雅、真誠(chéng)、鼓舞人心。

例如，對(duì)于一個(gè)四口之家來說，與其外出到別的地方去找樂子，還不如舒適地坐在家里，因?yàn)楦奖?，也更便宜，而且?guī)缀蹩梢韵硎軣o限的樂趣。

我們的職業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上恪守一個(gè)信條，那就是盡可能的不造成傷害，這一信條勝過為講真話而講真話的美德。

不懂的事，不要怕問。

18.單選題

Forprofessionalathletes,（）totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybook.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.access

B.attachment

C.appeal

D.approach

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。access“通道，進(jìn)入，機(jī)會(huì)”；attachment“附件，依戀”；appeal“呼吁，懇求”；approach“方法，方式”。句意：對(duì)于專業(yè)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說，有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)去奧林匹克意味著他們有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)去歷史書。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.單選題

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)staff“職員”；B選項(xiàng)sustenance“生計(jì)”；C選項(xiàng)ingredient“原料，要素”；D選項(xiàng)component“成分，組件”。題干提到，官員組織項(xiàng)目，負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目的維護(hù)，其中也提到勞動(dòng)者，可推測(cè)勞動(dòng)者的生計(jì)問題受到關(guān)注，可知B選項(xiàng)正確。句意：他們幫助官員組織項(xiàng)目，負(fù)責(zé)項(xiàng)目的維護(hù)，處理組織、指導(dǎo)和廣大勞動(dòng)者的……所涉及到的無數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Harvardiscommittedto

ongoingcommunicationandcooperationasprojectplansare______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintain,shaping

B.maintaining,shaping

C.maintain,shaped

D.maintaining,shaped

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞語辨析。句中存在一個(gè)固定表達(dá)becommittedto+n./doing“致力于；獻(xiàn)身于”，因此排除A和C選項(xiàng)。過去分詞表示已完成，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行。根據(jù)句意：哈佛大學(xué)致力于在項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃進(jìn)行過程中保持交流與合作。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.翻譯題

如果遇到的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手是受到各自政府過度保護(hù)的企業(yè)，強(qiáng)大的美國(guó)企業(yè)通常都能迅速地把它們壓制住。事實(shí)已經(jīng)證明，利伯維爾場(chǎng)體制比任何中央計(jì)劃體制都能更有效地分配資金和資源，美國(guó)人也已經(jīng)利用了這一點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槊绹?guó)在基礎(chǔ)層次上有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它處于國(guó)際財(cái)經(jīng)界的最高層也就不足為奇了。美國(guó)具有這樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)而使它能夠制定游戲規(guī)則，當(dāng)然是對(duì)它自己有利的規(guī)則。

【答案】Whenitcomestocompetingwithcompaniesover-protectedbytheirrespectivegovernments,powerfulAmericancompaniesareusuallyquicktoneutralizethem.TheLibrevillecanallocatefundsandresourcesmoreefficientlythananycentrallyplannedeconomy,whichhasbeenprovedandtheAmericanshaveutilized.Withsuchanadvantageatafundamentallevel,itisnotsurprisingthattheUnitedStatesisatthetopoftheinternationalfinancialpeckingorderandsettherulesofthegame,whichofcoursearebeneficialforit.

22.單選題

Stemcellsare（

）cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.infertile

B.juvenile

C.mobile

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infertile不育的B.juvenile青少年的；幼稚的

C.mobile可移動(dòng)的；易變的D.versatile通用的；多功能的；萬能的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】干細(xì)胞是具有……的細(xì)胞，能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞。由本句后半句“能產(chǎn)生出其他多種細(xì)胞”可知干細(xì)胞是具有產(chǎn)生多功能的細(xì)胞。所以D選項(xiàng)“通用的；多功能的”符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】干細(xì)胞是一種多功能細(xì)胞，具有分裂和發(fā)育成許多其他類型細(xì)胞的能力。

23.單選題

Disagreementsamongeconomistsarelegendary,butnotontheissueoffreetrade.Arecentsurveyofprominenteconomists—bothconservativeandliberal—concludedthat“aneconomistwhoarguesforrestrictinginternationaltradeisalmostascommontodayasaphysicianwhofavorsleeching.”

Whytheconsensus?Internationalfreetrade,economistsagree,makespossiblehigherstandardsoflivingallovertheglobe.Thecaseforfreetraderestslargelyonthisprinciple:aslongastradeisvoluntary,bothpartnersbenefit;otherwisetheywouldn'ttrade.Thebuyerofashirt,forexample,valuestheshirtmorethanthemoneyspent,whilethesellervaluesthemoneymore.Botharebetteroffbecauseofthesale.Moreover,itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheshirtsalesmanisfromtheUnitedStatesorHongKong(oranywhereelse).

ThevastmajorityofAmericanmanufacturesfaceinternationalcompetition.Thiscompetitionforcescompaniestoimprovequalityandcutcosts.Bycontrast,protectionismencouragesmonopoly,lowerqualityandhigher,prices.Americanspayanenormouspriceforprotectionism—over$60billionayearor$1000forafamilyoffour.Thankstoprotectionism,forexample,Americanconsumerspaytwicetheworldpriceforsugar.

Freetradealsomakestheworldeconomymoreefficient,byallowingnationtocapitalizeontheirstrengths.TheUnitedStateshasanadvantageinfoodproduction,forinstance,whileSaudiArabiahasanadvantageinoil.TheSaudiscouldundertakemassiveirrigationtobecomeself-sufficientinfood,butitismoreeconomicalforthemtoselloilandpurchasefoodfromus.Similarly,wecouldbecomeself-sufficientinpetroleumbysqueezingmoreoutofoilshale.ButitismuchlesscostlytobuysomeofouroilfromSaudiArabia.Tradebetweenourtwocountriesimprovesthestandardoflivinginboth.

Protectionismisbothwastefulandunjust.Ittaxesmostheavilythepeoplewhocanleastaffordit.Thus,tariffsthatraisethepriceofshoesburdenthepoormorethantherich.Despitethepowerfulcaseforfreetrade,theUnitedStatesandtherestoftheworldhavealwaysbeenprotectioniststosomedegree.Thisisbecausefreetradebenefitsthegeneralpublic,whileprotectionismbenefitsspecial-interestgroups,whicharebetterorganized,betterfinancedandmoreinformed.Tomakemattersworse,muchofwhatwehearonthisissueismisinformationspreadbythespecialintereststhemselves.

1.Theeconomists（

）.

2.Thetwopartnersinafreetrade

（

）.

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardprotectionismdenotedfromthe3rdparagraph?

4.Whyhasprotectionismalwaysbeenexercisedevenifitiswastefulandunjust?

5.Accordingtothefreetradeprinciple,theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disagreewhethertorestrictfreetradeornot

B.agreeonfreetrade

C.agreeontherestrictionofinternaltrade

D.holddifferentargumentsbecauseoftheirdifferentinterests.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.donotcareatall

B.carefordifferentthings

C.careforthethingsbeingtraded

D.careforthesamethings

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Sincere

B.Appreciative

C.Grateful

D.Ironic

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpstoestablishnationalindustryofone’sown

B.Itcanachieveanindependenteconomy

C.Itisfavoredbygeneralpublic

D.Itbenefitssomeprivilegedfew.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.U.S.exploreitsoilshale

B.SaudiArabiabuilditsownindustry

C.SaudiArabiaimportfoodfromtheU.S.

D.U.S.becomemoreself-sufficientinfood.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)問題。文章第一段第一句Disagreementsamongeconomistsarelegendary,butnotontheissueoffreetrade提到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家之間的不一致有很多，但是在自由貿(mào)易上卻一致。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.考察推理判斷問題。文章第三段第一句Thecaseforfreetraderestslargelyonthisprinciple:aslongastradeisvoluntary,bothpartnersbenefit;otherwisetheywouldn'ttrade提到自由貿(mào)易雙方關(guān)注的問題是“獲利”，因此二者關(guān)心的是同一問題。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.考察觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度問題。文章第三段提到國(guó)際自由貿(mào)易導(dǎo)致競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)促使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提升。而貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義會(huì)導(dǎo)致壟斷，比如美國(guó)。該段最后一句提到由于美國(guó)施行貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義，使得美國(guó)居民要花兩倍的價(jià)錢來買糖（Thankstoprotectionism,forexample,Americanconsumerspaytwicetheworldpriceforsugar）。本意是保護(hù)本國(guó)貿(mào)易，卻導(dǎo)致居民消費(fèi)成本大幅度增加，因此可以看出作者是帶有諷刺口吻在述說這件事。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.考察細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)問題。文章倒數(shù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Thisisbecausefreetradebenefitsthegeneralpublic,whileprotectionismbenefitsspecial-interestgroups,whicharebetterorganized,betterfinancedandmoreinformed提到自由貿(mào)易受益的是普通大眾，而貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義受益的是一些特殊集團(tuán)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.考察推理判斷問題。文章第四段第二句TheSaudiscouldundertakemassiveirrigationtobecomeself-sufficientinfood,butitismoreeconomicalforthemtoselloilandpurchasefoodfromus提到沙特阿拉伯如果想要食物自給自足的話需要大量的灌溉，而向美國(guó)購(gòu)買糧食則經(jīng)濟(jì)很多，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

24.填空題

Inthe8thcenturygigakufellintodisfavorbecauseitsfrivolous(愚蠢的)character________theJapaneserulersoftheperiod.(please)

【答案】displeased

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，橫線處為謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間8thcentury，可知句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。這里指的是伎樂愚蠢可笑的特點(diǎn)讓統(tǒng)治者_(dá)_____，因此伎樂不受歡迎，displease的意思為“使惱怒，使生氣，使不悅”，符合語境，其過去式為displeased。

【句意】在8世紀(jì)，伎樂因其愚蠢可笑的特點(diǎn)，當(dāng)時(shí)的日本統(tǒng)治者聽了不悅，因此不受歡迎。

25.單選題

Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.

Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”

Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.

“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”

InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”

Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.

Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.

“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.

ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”

26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople（）.

27.（）takearestinthehotafternoonsun.

28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause（）.

29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,（）.

30.Itcanbeinferredthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch

B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch

C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch

D.liketosleeptwiceaday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Allanimalsinthebush

B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming

C.Thesameprimevalprogramming

D.Allanimalsintheworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch

B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness

C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime

D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.youwillberefreshed

B.youwillbewakenup

C.youwillfeelfarsleepier

D.youwilltakeacatnap

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time

D.None

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.推理判斷題。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.（我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該每天睡兩次，一次在晚上，一次在午餐后小睡片刻，但在這個(gè)世界的一部分地方，我們傾向于克制午睡。）以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.（對(duì)于那些認(rèn)真收聽女王演講的人，霍姆醫(yī)生建議進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，在臉上噴點(diǎn)涼風(fēng)或冷水，或者喝杯咖啡。否則，就打個(gè)盹吧。）由此可以推理出午睡是英國(guó)人實(shí)在沒有辦法克服睡意后，才會(huì)進(jìn)行的事情。因此A選項(xiàng)“喜歡午飯后小睡一會(huì)兒”不符合題意，可排除。同理可排除D選項(xiàng)“喜歡一天睡兩次”，B選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)小睡”符合題意，正確。C選項(xiàng)“午飯后不會(huì)覺得困”，原文中說到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一種原始程序的殘余物，與使灌木叢里的所有動(dòng)物會(huì)在炎熱的午后陽光下休息來保存能量是一樣的道理。），可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B。

27.客觀事實(shí)題。定位到原文Itisaremna