考研考博-英語-上海思博職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海思博職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.名詞解釋

Theyearof2009willbringanavalancheofbooks,lectures,televisionprogramsandarticlesonCharlesDarwin.(1)Itis200yearssincehewasbomand150yearssincehewaspushedtopublishhisontheOriginofSpeciesearlierthanheintendedbythearrivalofaletterfromAlfred

RusselWallace,thenaturalistwho,independently,hadthesametheoryofnaturalselectionthat

Darwinhadsupposedallhisown.

SinceDarwinwasn’taloneinthinkingupthetheoryofnaturalselectionorinassemblingevidenceinsupportofevolution,arewerighttomakesuchasonganddanceofhisanniversary?Theshortansweris“yes”.(2)theOriginofSpeciesisthemostimportantbiologybookyetwrittenandDarwinhasdoneasmuchasanyone,includingCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud,

tochangehowweseeourselves.

WhydoesDarwinianworldviewmattersmorethanever?Aboveall,Darwindecentershumanity.InthishecompletestheworkthatCopernicusandGalileobegan.WearenotthecentreoftheUniverse.TheUniverseexistedlongbeforewecameonthescene.(3)Thisdecenteringdoesnot,ofcourse,meanthatwematteranytheless.Rather,ithelpsustoappreciatethatwedonotsitinadistinctcategoryfromtherestofcreation.Thegreatapesthatareheadingtowardsextinctioninthewildandarestillusedinsomecountriesformedicalresearchreallyareourrelatives.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(2).

【答案】1：Hewasborn200yearsagoandhisOntheOriginofSpecieswaspublished150yearsago,whichwasearlierthanhehadplanned,becauseanaturalistcalledAlfredRusselWallacehadwrittentoDarwintoencouragehimtodoso.AlfredsharedthetheoryofnaturalselectionthatDarwinhadthoughtoutbyhimself.

2：ThebookOntheOriginofSpeciesismoreimportantthananyotherbiologybookthathaseverbeenwritten,andDarwin’scontributiontochangeourworldviewequalsthoseofCopernicus,Newton,MarxandFreud.

3：Certainly,thefactthatwearenotthecenteroftheuniversedoesindicatethatwearenotimportant.

2.單選題

Themanagerrealizedtheimportanceofqualifiedstaff,andurgedall________toparticipateinthetrainingprogram.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerning

B.theconcerning

C.concerned

D.theconcerned

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞的用法。四個選項(xiàng)都跟concerned有關(guān)，句意：經(jīng)理意識到了合格員工的重要性，并且敦促所有（）參加培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。A，B選項(xiàng)沒有名詞詞義，代入句中會造成賓語缺失，所以排除；The+形容詞表示一類人，因?yàn)閏oncerning沒有形容詞的詞性，所以D選項(xiàng)錯誤，答案選C。

3.單選題

EveryU.S.Presidentmusttakeanoathtoupholdtheconstitution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ritual

B.pledge

C.option

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)ritual“儀式，慣例”，B項(xiàng)pledge“保證，誓言”，C項(xiàng)option“選項(xiàng)，選擇權(quán)”，D項(xiàng)position“位置，姿態(tài)，處境”。句意：每一位美國總統(tǒng)都必須宣誓維護(hù)憲法。oath在句中表示“誓言”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

4.單選題

Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof（

）,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mind

B.idea

C.intention

D.wish

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你對爭論的處理方式會讓其他人心情糟糕，結(jié)果就是他們不會接受你的提議。mind“理智；精神”；idea“想法”；intention“意圖，目的”；wish“希望，愿望”。

5.單選題

Thehotelwasafour-storeybuildingawayfromtheuniversitywheremostcompetitorswereaccommodated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putup

B.putdown

C.putin

D.putover

【答案】A

【解析】accommodated在這里指容納，安置。putup提供，建造，舉起；putdown放下，鎮(zhèn)壓；putin提交，放入；putover推遲，駛過。選項(xiàng)A放在句中最為恰當(dāng)，符合語境。

6.單選題

Allthedatasentbackfromthesatellitessuggestedthatanasteroidofaboutthesizeofanauditorium（）onitswaytoourplanet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.were

D.be

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞使用的一致性。that接在動詞后面充當(dāng)句中的賓語從句。主句使用的是一般過去式，賓語從句中的謂語動詞，應(yīng)與主句的時態(tài)保持一致。因此空格處應(yīng)使用be動詞的過去式was/were。從句中的主語是anasteroid“一顆小行星”為單數(shù)，所以應(yīng)使用was。句意：從衛(wèi)星發(fā)來的所有數(shù)據(jù)表明一顆像禮堂一樣大小的行星正在向我們的星球靠近。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.寫作題

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,8.單選題

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound詳細(xì)說明,解釋;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend領(lǐng)會,理解;unriddle闡明。句意：你可以拒絕透露你的社會保險號，除非是出于社會保障的目的，這是法律的規(guī)定。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Please（）yourremarkstothosewhichareimmediatelyrelevanttothematterinhand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrict

B.enclose

C.confess

D.confine

【答案】D

【解析】句意:涉及到與手邊事情直接相關(guān)的方面，限制你的發(fā)言。

考查動詞辨析。。restrict約束，限制；enclose封入，圍繞;confess坦白，供認(rèn)；confine限制，與介詞to搭配，構(gòu)成confinesth.to…限制于…。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞比較級。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因?yàn)樗鼈兌加纱竽X控制。根據(jù)題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級，確定有more，根據(jù)語境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項(xiàng)nomore符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheChinesefacecream.

B.TheAmericanfacecream.

C.TheFrenchperfume.

D.Themedication.

【答案】B

【解析】A:Myskinhassuddenlygoneroughandred,andspotskeepbreakingout.IsthereanythingIcando?

B:Haveyouusedanythingdifferentonyourface,orhaveyoubeenonanymedication?

A:IusuallyuseChinesefacecream,butonmybirthdayI’vegotsomeveryexpensiveAmericanfacecream.Itsmellsverynice.Iwonderifthatcouldbetheproblem.

B:Doyouhavethefacecreamwithyou?

A:Yes,hereitis.

B:Itsmellsverystrong.Maybeyouareallergictotheperfumeinit.Isuggestyoustopusingitimmediately.

Q:Whatmightbethecauseforthewoman’sskinproblem?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。醫(yī)生認(rèn)為：Maybeyouareallergictotheperfumeinit，即他認(rèn)為女士可能對這種面霜過敏。

12.單選題

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，后面應(yīng)該是肯定的推測，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A選項(xiàng)musthavegone“一定是”，表示對過去肯定的推測；B選項(xiàng)shouldhavegone和C選項(xiàng)oughttohavegone都表示“本來應(yīng)該去而未去”；D選項(xiàng)couldhavegone表示“本來能夠去而沒去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的車還停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Beneaththerhetoricaboutwhoispracticingapurerformofthesportisanastybattleoverwhowilldominateaccesstotherocks——aficionadosof“sport”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creators

B.enthusiasts

C.organizers

D.advocators

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)creators“創(chuàng)作者，造物主”；B選項(xiàng)enthusiasts“熱心人，熱衷者，狂熱者”；C選項(xiàng)organizers“主辦單位，舉辦方，舉辦者”；D選項(xiàng)advocator“提倡者，擁護(hù)者”。句意：在關(guān)于誰在練習(xí)一種更純粹的運(yùn)動形式的言辭背后，是一場關(guān)于誰將主導(dǎo)進(jìn)入巖石運(yùn)動的惡戰(zhàn)——“體育”的狂熱者。Aficionados“迷，狂熱愛好者”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對他做過的事的態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）這么多中國人的出現(xiàn)加劇了這場關(guān)于澳大利亞社會潛在性格的爭論。淘金社區(qū)的公民價值觀引起了人們強(qiáng)烈的關(guān)注,這種關(guān)注又因澳大利亞人原本就是罪犯的后裔而變得更為嚴(yán)重。黃金是一種充滿誘惑而又富有神話色彩的物質(zhì)。

（2）還有另一種更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亞只能形成這些粗俗而又不文明的社區(qū),那么對于聲稱享有優(yōu)等文化權(quán)利的澳大利亞人來說,難道不會丟失他們建立在找到通往澳洲大陸的獨(dú)有途徑上的那份道德權(quán)威嗎？澳大利亞人仍然值得擁有巨大的機(jī)遇嗎？

（3）淘金社區(qū)的人們有一個令人煩惱的悖論,即他們也是高度漂移的部落,這在某些方面類似于他們試圖取代的土著居民。因?yàn)閾?dān)憂白人殖民者在澳大利亞定居的連續(xù)性,促使他們對土著居民進(jìn)行誹謗和驅(qū)逐亞洲人。

（4）用十九世紀(jì)末生硬的語言來講,如果白人取代黑人是因?yàn)楹谌藳]有發(fā)展澳洲大陸,那么為什么依據(jù)同樣的理由黃色人就不應(yīng)該去取代白人呢？如果在澳大利亞的歐洲社區(qū)不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人統(tǒng)治澳大利亞的狀況就有可能被嚴(yán)重削弱。

16.單選題

TheCanterburyTales（

）writtenbyChaucer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeen

B.were

C.was

D.hadbeen

【答案】C

【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是喬叟寫的。

語法題?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語為TheCanterburyTales(一本書),后面又有關(guān)鍵信息writtenbyChaucer,所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選C。

17.單選題

Sheblushed（

）thementionher（

）fiance’sname.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.of,at

B.on,by

C.at,of

D.by,on

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一提到未婚夫的名字她就臉紅。

考查固定搭配。atthementionof提到…時,一提起。

18.單選題

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo（

）bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unrecorded

B.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecording

D.tohavebeenunrecorded

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配題。根據(jù)句意‘這些調(diào)查表明許多犯罪…，主要因?yàn)椴皇撬械氖芎φ叨紩e報。’確定空格處填的意思是否定含義‘沒有被記錄’，動詞go與否定式的過去分詞連用，表示某動作未發(fā)生，A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞辨析。四個選項(xiàng)都是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，其中although與though只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。沒有despiteof這種表達(dá)，所以只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.案例題

Americanuniversitiesareacceptingmoreminoritiesthanever.Graduatingthemisanothermatter.

BarryMills,thepresidentofBowdoinCollege,wasjustifiablyproudofBowdoin'seffortstorecruitminoritystudents.Since2003thesmall,eliteliberalartsschoolinBrunswick,Maine,hasboostedtheproportionofso-calledunder-representedminoritystudentsinenteringfreshmanclassesfrom8%to13%."Itisourresponsibilitytoreachoutandattractstudentstocometoourkindsofplaces,"hetoldaNEWSWEEKreporter.ButBowdoinhasnotdonequiteaswellwhenitcomestoactuallygraduatingminorities.While9outof10whitestudentsroutinelygettheirdiplomaswithinsixyears,only7outof10blackstudentsmadeittograduationdayinseveralrecentclasses.

"Ifyoulookatwhoenterscollege,itnowlookslikeAmerica,"saysHilaryPennington,directorofpostsecondaryprogramsfortheBill&MelindaGatesFoundation,whichhascloselystudiedenrollmentpatternsinhighereducation."Butifyoulookatwhowalksacrossthestageforadiploma,it'sstilllargelythewhite,upper-incomepopulation."

TheUnitedStatesoncehadthehighestgraduationrateofanynation.Nowitstands10th.ForthefirsttimeinAmericanhistory,thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.Thegraduationrateamong25-to34-year-oldsisnobetterthantherateforthe55-to64-year-oldswhoweregoingtocollegemorethan30yearsago.Studiesshowthatmoreandmorepoorandnon-whitestudentswanttograduatefromcollege-buttheirgraduationratesfallfarshortoftheirdreams.Thegraduationratesforblacks,Latinos,andNativeAmericanslagfarbehindthegraduationratesforwhitesandAsians.AstheminoritypopulationgrowsintheUnitedStates,lowcollegegraduationratesbecomeathreattonationalprosperity.

Theproblemispronouncedatpublicuniversities.In2007theUniversityofWisconsin-Madison-oneofthetopfiveorsoprestigiouspublicuniversities-graduated81%ofitswhitestudentswithinsixyears,butonly56%ofitsblacks.Atless-selectivestateschools,thenumbersgetworse.Duringthesametimeframe,theUniversityofNorthernIowagraduated67%ofitswhitestudents,butonly39%ofitsblacks.Communitycollegeshavelowgraduationratesgenerally-butrock-bottomratesforminorities.ArecentreviewofCaliforniacommunitycollegesfoundthatwhileathirdoftheAsianstudentspickeduptheirdegrees,only15%ofAfrican-Americansdidsoaswell.

Privatecollegesanduniversitiesgenerallydobetter,partlybecausetheyoffersmallerclassesandmorepersonalattention.Butwhenitcomestoasignificantgraduationgap,Bowdoinhascompany.NearbyColbyCollegeloggedan18-pointdifferencebetweenwhiteandblackgraduatesin2007and25pointsin2006.MiddleburyCollegeinVermont,anothertopschool,hada19-pointgapin2007anda22-pointgapin2006.

Themostselectiveprivateschools-Harvard,Yale,andPrinceton-showalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationrates.Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.AccordingtodatagatheredbyHarvardLawSchoolprofessorLaniGuinier,themostselectiveschoolsaremorelikelytochooseblackswhohaveatleastoneimmigrantparentfromAfricaortheCaribbeanthanblackstudentswhoaredescendantsofAmericanslaves.

"Highereducationhasbeenabletoduckthisissueforyears,particularlythemoreselectiveschools,bysayingtheresponsibilityisontheindividualstudent,"saysPenningtonoftheGatesFoundation."Iftheyfail,it'stheirfault."Somecriticsblameaffirmativeaction-studentsadmittedwithlowertestscoresandgradesfromshakyhighschoolsoftenstruggleateliteschools.Butabiggerproblemmaybethatpoorhighschoolsoftensendtheirstudentstocollegesforwhichtheyare"undermatched":theycouldgetintomoreelite,richerschools,butinsteadgotocommunitycollegesandlow-ratedstateschoolsthatlacktheresourcestohelpthem.Someschoolsoutforprofitcynicallyincreasetuitionsandcountonstudentloansandfederalaidtofootthebill-knowingfullwellthatthestudentswon'tmakeit."Theschoolkeepsthemoney,butthekidleaveswithloadsofdebtandnodegreeandnoabilitytogetabetterjob.Collegesarenotholdinguptheirend,"saysAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrust.

Acollegeeducationisgettingevermoreexpensive.Since1982tuitionshavebeenrisingatroughlytwicetherateofinflation.In2008thenetcostofattendingafour-yearpublicuniversity-afterfinancialaid-equaled28%ofmedian（中間的）familyincome,whileafour-yearprivateuniversitycost76%ofmedianfamilyincome.Moreandmorescholarshipsarebasedonmerit,notneed.Poorerstudentsarenotalwaysthebest-informedconsumers.Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.

Thereoncewasatimewhenuniversitiestookprideintheirdropoutrates.Professorswouldbegintheyearbysaying,"Looktotherightandlooktotheleft.Oneofyouisnotgoingtobeherebytheendoftheyear."ButsuchaDarwinianspiritisbeginningtogivewayasatleastafewcollegesfaceuptothegraduationgap.AttheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,thegaphasbeenroughlyhalvedoverthelastthreeyears.Theuniversityhaspouredresourcesintopeercounselingtohelpstudentsfrominner-cityschoolsadjusttotherigor（嚴(yán)格要求）andfasterpaceofauniversityclassroom-andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.Wisconsinhasa"laserlikefocus"onbuildingupstudentskillsinthefirstthreemonths,accordingtoviceprovost（教務(wù)長）DamonWilliams.

Stateandfederalgovernmentscouldsharpenthatfocuseverywherebybroadlypublishingminoritygraduationrates.ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara?torycourses.Thenewertrendistostartrecruitingpoorandnon-whitestudentsasearlyastheseventhgrade,usinginnovativetoolstoidentifykidswithsophisticatedverbalskills.Suchpro?gramscanbeexpensive,ofcourse,butcheapcomparedwiththemillionsalreadyinvestedinscholarshipsandgrantsforkidswhohavelittlechancetograduatewithoutspecialsupport.

Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.WashingtonandLeeisasmall,selectiveschoolinLexington,Va.Itsstudentbodyislessthan5%blackandlessthan2%Latino.Whiletheschoolusuallygraduatedabout90%ofitswhites,thegraduationrateofitsblacksandLatinoshaddippedto63%by2007."Wewentthroughadramaticshift,"saysDawnWatkins,thevicepresidentforstudentaffairs.Theschoolaggressivelypushedmentoring（輔導(dǎo)）ofminoritiesbyotherstudentsand"partnering"withparentsataspecialpre-enrollmentsession.Theschoolhaditsfirst-everblackhomecoming.Lastspringtheschoolgraduatedthesameproportionofminoritiesasitdidwhites.IftheUnitedStateswantstokeepupintheglobaleconomicrace,itwillhavetopaysystematicattentiontograduatingminorities,notjustenrollingthem.

1.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutAmericanhighereducation?

A.Thesmallproportionofminoritystudents.

B.Thelowgraduationratesofminoritystudents.

C.Thegrowingconflictsamongethnicgroups.

D.Thepooracademicperformanceofstudents.

2.WhatwastheprideofPresidentBarryMillsofBowdoinCollege?

A.Theprestigeofitsliberalartsprograms.

B.ItsrankingamonguniversitiesinMaine.

C.Thehighgraduationratesofitsstudents.

D.It'sincreasedenrollmentofminoritystudents.

3.WhatistheriskfacingAmerica?

A.Itsschoolswillbeoverwhelmedbythegrowingnumberofillegalimmigrants.

B.Therisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.

C.Morepoorandnon-whitestudentswillbedeniedaccesstocollege.

D.Itisgoingtoloseitscompetitiveedgeinhighereducation.

4.HowmanyAfrican-AmericanstudentsearnedtheirdegreesinCaliforniacommunitycollegesaccordingtoarecentreview?

A.Fifty-sixpercent.

B.Thirty-ninepercent.

C.Fifteenpercent.

D.Sixty-sevenpercent.

5.Harvard,Yale,andPrincetonshowalmostnogapbetweenblackandwhitegraduationratesmainlybecause.

A.theirstudentsworkharder

B.theyrecruitthebeststudents

C.theirclassesaregenerallysmaller

D.theygivestudentsmoreattention

6.HowdoesAmyWilkinsoftheEducationTrustviewminoritystudents'failuretogetadegree?

7.Whydosomestudentsdropoutafterayearortwoaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Theyhavelostconfidenceinthemselves.

B.Theycannotaffordthehightuition.

C.Theycannotadapttotherigoroftheschool.

D.Theyfailtodevelopinterestintheirstudies.

8.Totackletheproblemofgraduationgap,theUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonhelpsminoritystudentsgetoverthestereotypethat（）

9.Foryears,privatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThaveprovidedminoritystudentswith（）

duringthesummerbeforefreshmanyear.

10.WashingtonandLeeUniversityiscitedasanexampletoshowthatthegapofgraduationratesbetweenwhitesandminoritiescan（）

.

【答案】1.B

2.D

3.B

4.C

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.theyarelessqualified

9.somepreparatorycoerces

10.beclosed

【解析】1.

根據(jù)文中前三段的內(nèi)容可知，作者對美國高等教育的主要擔(dān)憂是少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的畢業(yè)率很低。第三段的最后一句“Astheminority...nationalprosperity.”也可以看出答案。

2.

根據(jù)第一段的第一、二句“BarryMills...from8%to13%.”，BarryMills感到自豪的是少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的招收在不斷增長。

3.

根據(jù)第三段的第二句“thereistheriskthattherisinggenerationwillbelesswelleducatedthanthepreviousone.”，選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Arecentreview...soaswell.”只有15%的非洲裔美國人獲得了學(xué)位。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.

根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butthatmayhavemoretodowiththeirabilitytoselectthebeststudents.”這可能更多地與他們挑選最優(yōu)秀學(xué)生的能力有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.

根據(jù)第七段的最后一句AmyWilkins說的話可以推測出，他認(rèn)為大學(xué)應(yīng)該負(fù)主要責(zé)任。

7.根據(jù)第八段的最后一句“Oftentheywindupdeeplyindebtorsimplyunabletopayafterayearortwoandmustdropout.”，通常，他們最終負(fù)債累累，或者一兩年后無力償還債務(wù)，不得不輟學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.

根據(jù)第九段“andalsotohelpminoritystudentsovercomethestereotypethattheyarelessqualified.”

9.

根據(jù)第十段的第二句“ForyearsprivatecollegessuchasPrincetonandMIThavehadsuccessbringingminoritiesontocampusinthesummerbeforefreshmanyeartogivethemsomeprepara?torycourses.”

10.

根據(jù)原文中最后一段的第一句“Witheffortandmoney,thegraduationgapcanbeclosed.”

21.單選題

Thesurvival（）ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratio

B.rate

C.scale

D.standard

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ratio“比例，比率”；B選項(xiàng)rate“進(jìn)度，速度”，A項(xiàng)指的是兩個量的比值，強(qiáng)調(diào)相比、相除的關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)指的是比率，速度，率等，如“taxrate稅率”、“crimerate犯罪率”；這個句子中的生存率指的是“野生動物的存活數(shù)量和死亡的野生動物數(shù)量之比”，是兩個數(shù)量之比，所以A項(xiàng)更符合。句意：一些野生動物的存活率不是很高，因?yàn)樗鼈儽粴埧岬孬C殺以獲取皮毛。；C選項(xiàng)scale“規(guī)?！保籇選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，水準(zhǔn)”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

22.翻譯題

TWOnuclearbombsareamongmanycuriousmachineswhichtheScienceMuseumstoresatanoldairfieldinWiltshire.AnearlyhovercraftstandswithafleetofsubmersiblesandatruckthatonceroamedtheAntarctic.Nowanewacquisitionisontheway.Aroundtherunwayworkersarepreparingtolayout155,000solarpanels—atabout170acres,oneofthebiggestsolarfarmsinBritain.

ThoughBritain’shillsidesarepepperedwithwindturbines,solarpanelsproducelessthanhalfofonepercentofitspower.RacingtohitaEuropeantargetthatrequiresittogenerate30%ofitselectricityfromrenewablesourcesby2020,thegovernmentwantsalotmore.GregoryBarker,anenergyminister,saysthesolarindustrycouldexpandsixfoldwithinadecade.Laidontheground,thatmanypanelswouldfillanareaofabout150squaremiles.

Fieldsfullofsolarpanelsarelessobtrusivethanhillsideturbines,andsimplertoinstall.Whereasoppositiontowindpowerismounting,about85%ofBritonsbacknewsolarprojects.Bigarraysmayevenencouragesomekindsofwildlife,forexamplebyshelteringground-nestingbirds.

Itisalsogettingcheaper.Thecostofinstallingsolarpanelshasfallenbyhalfsince2010duetoheavydeploymentinGermanyandelsewhere.WeakBritishsunlightmakesenergyfromsolarfarmsabout25%moreexpensivethanfromonshorewindturbines—andmorethantwicethewholesalepriceofpower—butthegovernmentexpectsa20%reductionby2020.

Solarcompaniessayministersmustdomore.Planners,fearingeyesores,aregrowinglessco-operative(complaintsfromruralcampaignersareholdinguptheScienceMuseum’sarray).Gridconnectionsaregettingmoreexpensiveasdeveloperschoosesiteseverfartherfrombigtowns.

Yetcautioniswise,fortworeasons.First,heftyinvestmentinsunniercountriesmeansthepriceofpanelswillkeepfallingwithoutmuchhelpfromBritishtaxpayers;governmentcashmightgomuchfurtherinayearortwo.

Second,thepriceofsolarpanelsreflectsonlypartofthetechnology’scosts.Panelsproduceverylittlepowerduringwinter;insummertheycangeneratetoomuch.TheNationalGrid,whichmanagesBritain’spower-transmissionnetwork,saysthatabigsolarprogrammewouldmeanfindingextracashtomitigatetheseswingsinsupply.Apreponderanceofpanelsisalreadymakingitdifficulttobuildmorefarmsinthesunnysouth-west.

IfBritainisseriousabouthittingitslegally-bindingtargetforrenewablegeneration,moresolarseemsinevitable.Buttheroofsofoffices,factoriesandwarehousesarethebestplacesforit.Puttingpanelstherelowersenergybillsforbusinesseswhileplacinglessstrainonlocalgrids.Thatseemsabrighteridea.

【答案】【參考譯文】

科學(xué)博物館將許多稀奇古怪的機(jī)器儲藏在位于威爾特郡的廢舊機(jī)場里，這其中就包括兩枚核彈。還有一艘早期的氣墊船，一排潛水器，和一輛曾經(jīng)馳騁于南極洲的卡車?，F(xiàn)如今，一項(xiàng)新的收藏將要加入它們的行列。工人們準(zhǔn)備在跑道的周圍搭155000張?zhí)柲馨?。該工程占地約170英畝，將有望成為英國最大的太陽能發(fā)電廠。

盡管不列顛的山坡上布滿了用來發(fā)電的風(fēng)輪機(jī)，并且其發(fā)電量差不多是太陽能板發(fā)電量的兩百多倍。然而面對亟待實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，英國政府還有很長的路要走。歐盟已攻足了目標(biāo)：截至2020年，歐盟成員國30%的電力供給要來自可再生能源。能源部長格當(dāng)戈里?巴克爾說，在未來的千年內(nèi)太陽能行業(yè)將擴(kuò)展六倍。若將如此多數(shù)量的太陽能板平鋪開來，它們將覆蓋150平方英里的區(qū)域。

布滿太陽能板的區(qū)域看上去并不會如山坡上的風(fēng)輪機(jī)那樣突兀，并且太陽能板安裝起來也比風(fēng)輪機(jī)更簡單。相比于風(fēng)力發(fā)電受到越來越多的反對，新的太陽能項(xiàng)目卻獲得