考研考博-英語-臨沂職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-臨沂職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Mr.Greenhasrecentlybeen（

）ofthecompany.

問題1選項

A.appointedtopresident.

B.appointedpresident

C.appointedapresident

D.appointedthepresident

【答案】B

【解析】句意:格林先生最近升任公司董事長了。

語法題?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)冠詞的語法規(guī)則,職位前不加冠詞。而且appoint是及物動詞,后面直接接賓語president。故選B.

2.單選題

Thesalesdepartmenthastohavean（）knowledgeofwhatcustomerswantandhowmuchtheywanttopay.

問題1選項

A.implicit

B.intimate

C.abrupt

D.anonymous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項implicit“含蓄的、暗示的”；B選項intimate“親密的”；C選項abrupt“突然的”；D選項anonymous“匿名的”，句意為：銷售部門必須非常了解顧客想要什么，他們想要付多少錢。anintimateknowledgeof“精通某事”，因此選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Thereportincludesataleofhowanhonorablemanpursuinghonorablegoalswasafflictedwith（）andledhisnationtowardscatastrophe.

問題1選項

A.pride

B.humility

C.gratification

D.hubris

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pride“自豪，傲慢”；B選項humility“謙遜”；C選項gratification“滿意，喜悅”；D選項hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：這個報告包括了一個故事，的是一個高貴的人是如何追求崇高的目標，卻由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，從而使他的國家走向災難。選項D符合語境。

4.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問題1選項

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項pompous“自大的，浮夸的，華而不實的”，B項permissible“可允許的，獲得準許的”，C項adoptive“采用的，有收養(yǎng)關系的”，D項complacent“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”。由修飾time的定語從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個人，而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允許的”符合句意。句意：對于任何一種社交場合，都有一個允許的時間，你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對方。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

5.單選題

Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings——forexample,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionarecompulsive;thatis,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfellthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothersisirrational——impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowpricesanddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusiness-people,Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness.Theyconsiderpeople'sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinionsandsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.

Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled‘behaviortherapy'tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.

Althoughbehaviorhasmanycauses,mostscientistsseektoisolatesinglecauses.Thismakesthescientificstudyofbehaviorhard.Manyresearchersinpsychologyusecontrolledexperimentsinwhichtheycanexaminetheeffectofonefactoratatimeinaparticularkindofbehavior.Someinvestigatorsdesignexperimentstotestthebehavioraleffectsofseveralfactorsinvariouscombinations.Stillotherresearchersstudybehaviorinthe‘real'worldbyobservingpeopleintheirdailyactivities.Observingbehavioroutsidecontrolledexperimentscannotprovethatonethingcausesanother.Butstudyingpeopleintherealworldoftenhelpsscientistsseethewaysinwhichcausesidentifiedinexperimentsactuallyoperateinpeople'sdailylives.

Specialistsinmanyfieldsstudybehavior.Psychologistsandsomebiologistsstudyanimalbehaviorincontrolledexperiments.Otherpsychologistsstudyindividualsorsmallgroupsofpeopleincontrolledgamesortaskstounderstandmanyaspectsofbehavior,includingthereasonsforpeople'sfeelings,thoughtsandmotives.Thesestudieshelpestablishprinciplesthatcanbeusedtoexplain,predict,andmodifybehavior.Educationalresearchersstudyhowpeoplebehaveintheclassroom.Insociology,behavioralresearchfocusesmainlyonthebehaviorofpeopleinlargegroupsandsocialinstitutions,suchasbusinesses,churches,governments,andhospitals.Ananthropologistmayliveinanisolatedcommunitytostudybehaviorpatternsofawholegroup.

1.Accordingtothepsychologists,acompulsivespenderisonewhospendsmoney（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowestpossibleprices（）.

3.Thearticleismainlyabout（）.

4.Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespenderorcompulsivebargainhunters（）.

5.Fromthepassage,weknowthatscientificstudyofbehavioris（）.

6.Acontrolledexperimentinthispassageisoneinwhich（）.

7.Wecaninferthat（）.

問題1選項

A.andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuys

B.inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife

C.justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneed

D.entirelywithanirrationalplanforhisincomes

問題2選項

A.becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets

B.becausetheywanttowinoverothersingettingthingsforlessmoney

C.andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudget

D.buttheyneverfeelsatisfiedaftertheycangetthingsforlessmoneythanothers

問題3選項

A.thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits

B.thelivinghabitsofcompulsivespenders

C.aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting

D.theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness

問題4選項

A.arereallyunreasonable

B.needspecialtreatment

C.arereallybeyondremedies

D.cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoney

問題5選項

A.difficult

B.easy

C.interesting

D.extremelyuseful

問題6選項

A.alltheconditionsarekeptthesamewhenstudyingabehavior

B.allthevariablesareconsciouslychangedwhenexaminingabehavior

C.theeffectsofseveralfactorsthataffectabehaviorarestudiedatatime

D.theeffectofonefactorisstudiedatatimeinaparticularbehavior

問題7選項

A.peoplebehavedifferentlyindifferentcountries

B.peoplebehavethesameinthesamesituation

C.studentsbehavedifferentlywhentheystayinaclassroomsettingandstayathome

D.thebehaviorofthepeopleinlargergroupsandsocialinstitutionsisthesameasthatofthestudentsintheclassroom.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Thiscompulsion,likemostothersisirrational——impossibletoexplainreasonably.”這種強迫和其他大多數(shù)強迫一樣是非理性的——無法合理解釋。也就是說,他們只是為了滿足自己強烈的心理需求,所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段四五句“Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.”他們寧愿相信自己是在節(jié)省預算,但其實他們在玩一個令人興奮的游戲。當他們能買到比別人便宜的東西時,他們就會覺得自己贏了。選項B符合原文。

3.結合全文內容可知,本文主要是對具有強迫性消費人群的花錢習慣進行心理學層面的分析,選項A最能概括全文,其他選項太片面。

4.根據(jù)原文第一段可知,選項A符合原文；選項B中的特殊治療法表述不正確；選項C和D表述有誤,所以本題選A。

5.根據(jù)第五段一二句“Althoughbehaviorhasmanycauses,mostscientistsseektoisolatesinglecauses.Thismakesthescientificstudyofbehaviorhard.”可知選項A正確。

6.根據(jù)第五段第三句“Manyresearchersinpsychologyusecontrolledexperimentsinwhichtheycanexaminetheeffectofonefactoratatimeinaparticularkindofbehavior.”許多心理學研究人員使用對照實驗,他們可以一次檢查一個因素對特定行為的影響。選項D與原文描述一致。

7.根據(jù)原文可知,選項A和B在文中沒有提及；選項D表述錯誤；根據(jù)最后一段內容可知,不同領域的研究專家研究不同的群體,這說明人們在不同的場合中行為習慣也是不同的,所以選項C正確。

6.單選題

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

問題1選項

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項pit“礦井，深坑，陷阱”；B選項trouble“麻煩，煩惱，故障，動亂”；C選項pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，誘惑”；D選項storm“暴風雨，大動蕩”。句意：如果我們默許，那么我們將在未來陷入到借貸麻煩中。因此B選項正確。

7.單選題

Thecontemporaryphenomenonofmotorcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseofindependenceandfreedomthatownership（）.

問題1選項

A.enrolls

B.entraps

C.enrages

D.entails

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似動詞辨析。enroll“登記，注冊”；entrap“使陷入羅網，欺騙”；enrage“激怒，使暴怒”；entail“需要；帶來”。句意：對于當今崇尚汽車的現(xiàn)象，究其原因是有了車可以獨立自由行動，不需要依賴別人。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

WemetMaryandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago.（）we’vehadnofurthercommunication.

問題1選項

A.Thereof

B.Thereby

C.Thereafter

D.Thereabouts

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項Thereof“由此；在其中；關于……”；B選項Thereby“從而，因此；在那附近；在那方面”；C選項Thereafter“其后；從那時以后”；D選項Thereabouts“大約；在那附近”。由后半句“we’vehadnofurthercommunication”（我們沒有進一步的聯(lián)系）可知是從上次見過以后就沒有聯(lián)系了，因此是時間前后的關系。句意：我們在兩個月前的一次聚會上遇到了瑪麗和她的丈夫，此后我們就沒有進一步的聯(lián)系了。因此C選項正確。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.

在今天的中國，平均每天有24萬人成為互聯(lián)網的新用戶，平均每400個中國人就擁有一個網站。按照目前的發(fā)展速度，再過兩年，中國的互聯(lián)網使用者將超過5億，互聯(lián)網的普及率將從目前的25.5%提高到38.5%。對于一個發(fā)展中國家而言，互聯(lián)網能夠如此快速普及是一大奇跡。中國人民從互聯(lián)網受益匪淺。在中國，互聯(lián)網正廣泛應用于電子政務、電子商務、公共教育、新聞傳播等各個領域。電子商務在中國快速發(fā)展，中國電子商務交易總額在過去5年保持45%以上的年均增長速度，2008年超過4600億美元。

【答案】InChinatoday,onaverage,240,000peopleperdaybecomenewusersoftheInternetandevery400Chinesepossessonewebsite.Atthecurrentrateofdevelopment,Chinawillhavemorethan500millionInternetusersandtheInternetpenetrationratewillrisefromthecurrent25.5%to38.5%intwoyears.Foradevelopingcountry,therapidpopularizationoftheInternetisamiracle.ChinesepeoplehavebenefitedalotfromtheInternet.InChina,theInternetisbeingwidelyusedinvariousfieldssuchase-government,e-business,publiceducation,journalismandcommunicationandsoon.InChina,E-commerceisdevelopingrapidly.Thetotalvalueofe-commercetransactionsinChinahasmaintainedanaverageannualgrowthrateofmorethan45%overthepastfiveyears,exceeding$460billionin2008.

10.單選題

Ifyoureinstateold-fashionedvaluesaboutmoneyandwork,youcangiveyourchildrenapreciousgift:thekeytoself-sufficiency.

問題1選項

A.resolve

B.resort

C.redress

D.restore

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項resolve“決定；溶解；決心要做……”；B選項resort“求助；訴諸；采取某手段或方法（其一般需后接介詞to）”；C選項redress“救濟；賠償；糾正”；D選項restore“恢復；修復；歸還”。句意：如果你……舊式的金錢和工作價值觀，你可以給你的孩子一份珍貴的禮物：自給自足的鑰匙。根據(jù)后面的賓語old-fashionedvalues“老式的價值觀”，If引導的虛擬句，根據(jù)后面的結果來看能夠給孩子一份珍貴的禮物，保證自給自足。由此可知，這一舊式的金錢和工作價值觀是可取的。所以需要將過時的事物重新拾起，進行運用。因此D選項符合題意。

11.填空題

Aschildrenwestart（1）anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriositycanbestimulated,bufferedorseverelyattenuatedbyourenvironmentandexperience.Thefuturesuccessofresearchinscienceandengineeringdepends（2）oursocietyrecognizingthecrucialroleplayedbystimulationofmentalprocessesearlyinlife.Patternrecognition,analyticalthinkingandsimilarabilitiesneedtobestimulatedfrombirthonward.Todestroythisnaturalcuriosityortoattenuatethejoyofdiscoveryisthegreatestdisservicewedo（3）thedevelopingperson.

Forthosewhoreachmaturitywiththeirnaturalcuriosityintactandenhancedbyeducation,thejoyofdiscoveryisastrongdriverofsuccess.Butwhyareso（4）ofourcapablestudentspursuingthelevelofeducationrequiredforasuccessfulresearchcareer?Isit（5）wehavedampenedtheircuriosity?Havewefailedtoletthemexperiencethejoyofdiscovery?Isitbecausethemediasometimesportraysscientistsandengineers（6）nerds?Isitbecausetoomanyofuscurrentlyinvolved（7）theresearchenterprisehavebecomedisenchantedwithourcircumstancesandthereforepaintableakfutureforpotentialscientistsandengineers?Perhapsentirelydifferentfactorsare（8）playinthedecisiontonotbecomescientistsandengineers.

Wehavetoofrequentlyportrayedscienceandengineeringasprofessionsthatareall-encompassing.Wehaveportrayedresearchasaprofessionthatrequireslongandgruelinghoursinthelaboratorytoachievesuccess.Wehave（9）topromotetheexcitementandexhilarationofdiscovery.Wehavenotpromotedthefactthatitisnotonlyverycommon（10）veryreasonabletohaveasuccessfulresearchcareerandanexcitingandnormalpersonallife.

【答案】1.with

2.on

3.to

4.few

5.because

6.as

7.in

8.at

9.failed

10.but

【解析】1.start后面需要加介詞with才能接名詞。startwith“從……開始”

2.dependonsth.是固定用法，意思是“取決于”。

3.句意:去摧毀這種天性或者去打擊這種發(fā)現(xiàn)的喜悅是我們對處于正在發(fā)展中的人做出的最大的傷害。填介詞to

4．根據(jù)句意和of結構，空格處可填寫的詞是many或者few，由轉折詞but可以得出空格處的意思與前文有轉折關系，前文提到既然thejoyofdiscovery是成功強有力的推動力，接下來出現(xiàn)了轉折，所以此處應該填few.

5.前一句有why提出的疑問，這一句是對前一句的回答，所以填原因。

6.portrayas“描繪成……”

7.involvein“涉及，參與”。

8.atplay“在……中起到了作用”

9.空格處所在的句子與后面的句子wehavenotpromotedthatfact…表達的是同鄉(xiāng)的意思，所以空格處應該填與not對應的否定詞。failtodosth.“做某事失敗”。

10.notonly…but(also)“不僅……而且……”

12.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個體行為時的選擇作用則剛剛開始被認識和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個人對自己的行為負責并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問題得不到解決，研究行為的技術手段就會繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

13.單選題

MybosshasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany（

）onwhathepromises.

問題1選項

A.assurance

B.probability

C.reliance

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。assurance“保證，擔保”；probability“可能性，機率”；reliance“信賴，信心”；conformity“遵守，適合，符合”。

句意：我老板已經讓我失望太多次，我不會再對他的承諾抱任何希望。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Thisyoungman,（）withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.

問題1選項

A.obsessed

B.negotiated

C.compromised

D.provided

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。obsessedwith沉迷于；negotiatedwith與…協(xié)商；compromisedwith向（某人）妥協(xié)；providedwith給…提供。句意：這個年輕人貪圖物質上的滿足，只關心錢。選項A符合句意。

15.單選題

Iwouldhavecometoseeyouhaditbeenpossible,butI（）sobusythen.

問題1選項

A.hadbeen

B.was

C.were

D.wouldbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。與過去事實相反，主句用wouldhavedone，從句用一般過去式，選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

Thedoctorsdon’t（）thatthepatientwilllivemuchlonger.

問題1選項

A.monitor

B.manifest

C.articulate

D.anticipate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項monitor“監(jiān)視”；B選項manifest“表明”；C選項articulate“清晰地表達”；D選項anticipate“預計”。句意：醫(yī)生們預計那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示預計病人的存活時間，因此D選項正確。

17.單選題

Theguiltyverdictwaswidelyexpected,althoughharsherthanmanyhadpredicted.

問題1選項

A.jury

B.crime

C.convict

D.judgment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。verdict表示“結論，裁定”。A項jury“陪審團”，B項crime“罪行”，C項convict“罪犯”，D項judgment“意見，判斷力”；句意：有罪判決是普遍預期的，盡管比許多人預期的要嚴厲。根據(jù)句意該題選D。

18.翻譯題

Myfatherwasamiddle-classblack.Thoughhewasbornpoor,heachievedmiddle-classstandingthroughmuchhardworkandsacrifice（oneofhisfavoritewords）andbyidentifyingfullywithsolidmiddle-classvalues—mainlyhardwork,familylife,propertyownership,andeducationforhischildren（allfourofwhomhaveadvanceddegrees）.Inhismindthesewerenotsomuchvaluesaslawsofnature.Peoplewhoembodiedthemmadeupthepositiveimagesinhisclassidentification.Thenegativeimagescamelargelyfromtheblackshehadleftbehindbecausetheywere"goingnowhere.”

WhetherIliveuptothesevaluesornot,Iknowthatmyacceptanceofthemistheresultoflifelongconditioning.IknowalsothatIsharethisconditioningwithmiddle-classpeopleofallracesandthatIcannomoreeasilybefreeofitthanIcanbefreeofmyrace.Forthemiddle-classblack,conditionedbythesevaluesfrombirth,thesenseofmeaningtheyprovideisasimmutableasthecolorofhisskin.

Ithasalwaysannoyedmetohearfromthemouthsofcertainarbitersofblacknessthatmiddle-classblacksshould"reachback”andpullupthoseblackslessfortunatethanthey—asthoughmiddle-classstatuswereanunearnedandessentiallypassiveconditioninwhichoneneededalargemeasureofnoblesseobligetooccupyone’stime.Myownimageisofreachingbackfromamovingtraintoliftonboardthosewhohavenotickets.This,Ithink,issomethingmembersoftheblackmiddleclasscanrealisticallyoffertootherblacks.Buttheycannotleadbyexampleuntiltheyarereleasedfromablackidentitythatregardsthatexampleassuspect,thatseesthemas“marginally”black,indeedthatholdsthembackbycatchingtheminadoublebind.

【答案】【參考譯文】

我父親是一個中產階級黑人。雖然出身貧寒，但他通過努力工作和犧牲（他最喜歡的詞），以及通過充分認同的堅實的中產階級價值觀——主要是努力工作、（重視）家庭生活、（擁有）財產所有權以及（注重）孩子的教育（四個孩子都有高等學位），從而實現(xiàn)了中產階級的地位。在他看來，這些與其說是價值觀，不如說是自然法則。那些擁有這些價值觀念的人在他的階級認同中樹立了積極的形象。負面形象主要來自于被父親拋在身后的黑人，因為他們“一事無成”。

不管我是否實踐了這些價值觀，我知道我對它們的接受是終身熏陶的結果。我也知道，我與所有種族的中產階級都受同樣的熏陶，我不能輕易擺脫它，就像我不能輕易擺脫我的種族一樣。對于中產階級黑人來說，從出生起就受到這些價值觀的制約，它們所提供的意義就像他的膚色一樣不可改變。

經常讓我惱火的是，總是從某些黑人仲裁者口中聽到黑人中產階級應該“返回去”,并且讓那些不如他們幸運的黑人也振作起來?！孟裰挟a階級地位是不勞而獲的，并且基本上是被動的條件，在這種條件下一個人需要很大程度上的貴族品德來占用個人的時間。我自己的形象就是從一輛行駛的火車返回，讓那些沒有車票的人登上火車。我認為，這是黑人中產階級成員可以實際提供給其他黑人的東西。但是他們無法自身作則，直到他們從黑人身份中解放出來，這種身份把榜樣視為可疑分子，把他們視為“勉強”的黑人，事實上，這個身份把他們拖了回來，使他們陷入雙重困境。

19.問答題

SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorceratein

A

B

theworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope.Contrary

C

tofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;Although/While

【解析】考查連詞。由“theUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld（美國的離婚率仍然是世界上最高的，這一點令人懷疑）”和“thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurtothesameextentinEurope（在歐洲，離婚率的暫時下降并沒有達到同樣的程度）”可知此處表示轉折關系，故用although或while。

20.單選題

Experimentssuggestthatseasonofbirthdramaticallyaffectsthespeedthebodyclockticks.

問題1選項

A.atwhich

B.forwhich

C.onwhich

D.inwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法知識。介詞+which引導定語從句時，介詞要與先行詞搭配。題干中先行詞是thespeed，只有at可以搭配。句意：實驗表明，出生的季節(jié)會極大地影響生物鐘的運轉速度。因此選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingboththesetraditionallydistinguishedemotions.

1.Envyisthedrivingforceofmoderneconomicdevelopmentbecause（）.

2.Whatistheessenceofenvythatkeepseconomygoing?

3.Whatistheillusionadvertisementbringstoitsconsumers?

4.TaketheItalianperfume“Envy”foranexample,theword“envy”（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisbadenvy?

6.AccordingtoKant,thecommonnessbetweenenvyandemulationis（）.

問題1選項

A.itgivesrisetomodernconsumerism

B.iturgespeopletopossessmoreandbettergoods

C.itistheprerequisiteofhighproductivity

D.thepassionofithelpsproducemoregoods

問題2選項

A.Thepursuitofvanity.

B.Thewishoftheprosperityofproducts.

C.Thecreativityofadvertisements.

D.Thefulfillmentofambition.

問題3選項

A.Onlythoseadvertisedgoodsaretrustworthy.

B.Togetwhathasbeenadvertisedistogainhappiness.

C.Tohaveafeelingthatonehasbecomethebestintheworld.

D.Themoreonepossesses,thehigherpositionhewillhave.

問題4選項

A.meansmorepositivelynow

B.hastotallydifferentmeaningnow

C.hasbeenfullytakenadvantageof

D.canembodyabetterself

問題5選項

A.Thefeelingthatforcesustopreventotherspossessingthegoods.

B.Thefeelingthatmakesustrytoobtainthegoodsoftheother.

C.Astrongdesireforwhatotherspossess.

D.Anyoftheabove-mentionedfeelings.

問題6選項

A.moralization

B.competitiveness

C.vanity

D.passion

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段提到現(xiàn)在資本主義依賴于它創(chuàng)造和增加稀缺的能力，在很大程度上依賴于無處不在的嫉妒（Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy），通過嫉妒幾乎所有的商品都可能轉化成令人向往的商品（Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness），由此可知嫉妒能夠促使人們去擁有更多更好的商品，因此選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到只要人們渴望別人渴望的東西，我們生活中稀缺的商品就不會有止境，這樣我們的經濟就能得以運轉（Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning），因此選項A”追求虛榮”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第二段第三句話提到海報、公告和電視廣告像我們展示了令人嫉妒的人擁有我們沒有的但需要有的東西，通過擁有這些東西可以獲得幸福（Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness），因此選項B”得到廣告中的東西就能得到幸?！本褪菑V告給消費者帶來的幻覺。

4.判斷推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到嫉妒似乎失去了它傳統(tǒng)的壞名聲，越來越多的廣告直接提到嫉妒，使他們的商品更受歡迎，其中一個著名的例子就是意大利Gucci公司生產的一款名為”Envy”的香水。由此可知越來越多的廣告直接將這個詞當成了賣點，因此選項C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章中廣告利用的嫉妒心與傳統(tǒng)意義上的壞的嫉妒是不一樣的，廣告利用的嫉妒心是指你受人嫉妒的不僅是你所擁有的東西，還有這個東西所代表的自我（youwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance），因此除此之外的嫉妒都可算作badenvy。因此選項D符合題意。

6.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一段提到激情（嫉妒）把一個怯弱的、無所事事的世外桃源變成了一種繁榮的文化，他稱其為”嫉妒的、攀比的虛榮”，使得嫉妒與模仿之間沒有明確的界限（WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulation），因此選項D符合題意。

22.單選題

Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”:howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the（1）phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.

Wejudgeraceusually

（2）

thecoloringoftheskin:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But

（3）

youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot

（4）

anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis

（5）

inphysicalstructure,thebrainortheinternalorgansto

（6）

adifference.

Therearefourtypesofblood.

（7）

typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe

（8）

.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtoldyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill

（9）

insize,butthisoccurswithineveryrace.

（10）

doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain

（11）

-examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak

（12）

.Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad

（13）

brains.

Mentaltestswhicharereasonably

（14）

shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.

（15）

e