考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heisvery（）inhisfamilyandneverdoesanythingagainsthiswife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hence

B.filled

C.enormous

D.humble

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。hence因此；filled填滿的；enormous巨大的；humble謙遜的，（級(jí)別或地位）低下的。句意：他在家里很（），從不做任何違背他妻子的事。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.填空題

Ihave（1）goodnewsforyou:Johnhas（2）tobuyyouroldmotorcycle.

【答案】1.some

2.decided

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:告訴你一些好消息。

2.固定搭配。Decidetodo決定…。

3.單選題

Popstarstodayenjoyastyleoflivingwhichwasoncetheprerogativeonlyofroyalty.Wherevertheygo,peopleturnoutintheirthousandstogreetthem.Thecrowdsgowildtryingtocatchabriefglimpseoftheirsmiling,colorfullydressedidols.ThestarsaretransportedintheirchauffeurdrivenRolls-Royces,privatehelicoptersorexecutiveairplanes.Theyaresurroundedbyapermanententourageofmanagers,pressagentsandbodyguards.Photographsofthemappearregularlyinthepressandalltheircomingsandgoingsarereportedfor,likeRoyaltypopstarsarenews.IftheyenjoymanyoftheprivilegesofRoyalty,theycertainlysharemanyoftheinconveniencesaswell.Itisdangerousforthemtomakeunscheduledappearanceinpublic.Theymustbeconstantlyshieldedfromtheadoringcrowdswhichidolizethem.Theyarenolongerprivateindividuals,butpublicproperty.Thefinancialrewardstheyreceiveforthissacrificecannotbecalculated,fortheirratesofpayareastronomical.

Andwhynot?Societyhasalwaysrewardeditstopentertainerslavishly.ThegreatdaysofHollywoodhavebecomelegendaryfamousstarsenjoyingfame,wealthadulationonanunprecedentedscale.Bytoday'sstandards,theexcessesofHollywooddonotseemquitesospectacular.Asinglegramophonerecordnowadaysmayearnmuchmoreinroyaltiesthanthefilmofthepasteverdid.Thecompetitionforthetitle“TopofthePop”isfierce,buttherewardsaretrulycolossal!

Itisonlyrightthatthestarsshouldbepaidinthisway.Don'tthetopmeninindustryearnenormoussalariesfortheservicestheyperformtotheircompanies?Popstarsearnvastsumsinforeigncurrencyoftenmorethanlargeindustrialconcernsandthetaxmancanonlybegratefulfortheirmassiveannualcontributionstotheexchequer.Sowhowouldbegrudgethemtheirrewards?

It’sallverywellforpeopleinhumdrumjobstomoanaboutthesuccessesandrewardsofothers.Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.Foreveryfamousstar,therearehundredsofothersstrugglingtoearnaliving.Amanworkinginasteadyjobandlookingforwardtoapensionattheendofithasnorighttoexpectveryhighrewards.Hehaschosensecurityandpeaceofmind,sotherewillalwaysbealimittowhathecanearn.Butamanwhoattemptstobecomeastaristakingenormousrisks.Heknowsattheoutsetthatonlyahandfulofcompetitorsevergettotheverytop.Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That'stheessenceofprivateenterprise.

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtopstars'highincome?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,onewhodreamsofbeingastarshouldbeawarethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Approval

B.Disapproved.

C.ronical

D.Indifferent.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thereexistsfiercecompetitioninclimbingtothetopofthePops

B.peopleareblindinidolizingstars

C.successfulpopstarsgivegreatentertainment

D.popsstarsusuallytrytoavoidpayingtax

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Popstarsgethigh-incomerepaymentbutaretaxedless.

B.Greatcontributionmadebypopstarsislimitedtoentertainmentindustry.

C.Successfulmenrepresentthetipoftheiceberg.

D.Popstarsshouldn'tenjoythelifeofroyalty.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.firstheshouldlookforasteadyjobwithapension

B.atlastmanypeoplecanclimbtotheverytop

C.greateffortswillsurelyberewardedwithcompletesuccess

D.theessenceofprivateenterpriseishugerisksprobablybringinghighrewards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由最后一段“Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.但他也知道，成功的回報(bào)確實(shí)很高；這是對(duì)所涉及的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的補(bǔ)償，如果他實(shí)現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo)，這些回報(bào)也是應(yīng)得的。”可知作者認(rèn)同這種觀點(diǎn)即高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與高回報(bào)是并存的。答案A

第2題:推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句“Thecompetitionforthetitle‘TopofthePop’isfierce…‘流行音樂(lè)之巔’的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈”，可知A項(xiàng)正確，答案A。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Peoplewhomakeenviousremarksshouldrememberthatthemostfamousstarsrepresentonlythetipoftheiceberg.發(fā)表嫉妒言論的人應(yīng)該記住，最著名的明星只是冰山一角?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確，答案C。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章末尾“Heknowsthatyearsofconcentratedeffortmayberewardedwithcomplete.Butheknows,too,thattherewardsforsuccessareveryhighindeed;theyaretherecompenseforthehugerisksinvolvedandifheachievesthem,hehascertainlyearnedthem.That’stheessenceofprivateenterprise.他知道多年的集中努力可能會(huì)得到完全的回報(bào)。但他也知道，成功的回報(bào)確實(shí)很高；這是對(duì)所涉及的巨大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的補(bǔ)償，如果他實(shí)現(xiàn)了這些目標(biāo)，他肯定是應(yīng)得的。這就是個(gè)人事業(yè)的本質(zhì)。”可知作者認(rèn)為個(gè)人事業(yè)的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和高回報(bào)并存，這是夢(mèng)想成為明星的人該注意的地方。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Abovethetreesarethehills,（）magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.ofwhose

C.whose

D.which

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題——whose引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。主句為“Abovethetreesarethehills”，從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“山的綺麗景色”，原句為theriverfaithfullyreflectsthehill’smagnificenceonthesurface。句意：在樹(shù)林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

His（

）wordsreachedtheeffecthewantedandpeoplegavemoneytohelphim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.elegant

B.eloquent

C.evil

D.excessive

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)elegant“優(yōu)雅的”；B選項(xiàng)eloquent“有口才的，有說(shuō)服力的”；C選項(xiàng)evil“邪惡的”；D選項(xiàng)excessive“極度的，過(guò)分的”。句意：他的能言善辯達(dá)到了他想要的效果，人們紛紛捐錢來(lái)幫助他。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Someyearsago,Houstonairportfacedatroublingissue.Passengerswere（1）aboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim(行李提取處).（2）,theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.Theplan（3）:theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（4）thecomplaintspersisted.

（5）,theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.Theyfoundthatit（6）passengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（7）,roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.

Sotheydecidedonanewapproach:（8）reducingwaittime,theymovedthearrivalgatesfartherawayfromthemainterminal.Passengersnowhadtowalksixtimeslonger.Complaintsdroppedtonear（9）.

Thisstoryshowsthattheexperienceofwaitingisdefinedonlypartlybytheobjective（10）ofthewait.Occupiedtime(walkingtobaggageclaim)feels（11）thanunoccupiedtime(（12）atbaggageclaim).Researchonqueuinghasshownthat,peopleonaverage,（13）howlongthey’vewaitedinaline.

Thisisalso（14）onefindsmirrorsnexttoelevators.The（15）wasbornduringthepost-WorldWarIIboom,whenthespreadofhigh-rises（16）complaintsaboutelevatordelays.Thereasonbehindthemirrorswas（17）totheoneusedattheHoustonairport:givepeoplesomethingtooccupytheirtime.（18）overnight,thecomplaintsceased.

We’llnever（19）linesaltogether,butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakethose（20）delaysmorebearable.Andwhenallelsefails,bringabook.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.warning

B.thinking

C.asking

D.complaining

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inresponse

B.Infact

C.Intheory

D.Inturn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.failed

B.worked

C.stopped

D.continued

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.But

C.Or

D.And

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Puzzled

B.Scared

C.Delighted

D.Relieved

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.spent

B.needed

C.cost

D.took

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Ingeneral

B.Inaddition

C.Inanycase

D.Inotherwords

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.insteadof

C.bymeansof

D.becauseof

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.nothing

B.zero

C.none

D.no

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.complaint

B.reach

C.feeling

D.length

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.shorter

B.better

C.longer

D.harder

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.looking

B.standing

C.serving

D.pointing

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.dislike

B.disagree

C.overestimate

D.misunderstand

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.why

D.when

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.problem

C.standard

D.idea

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.calledfor

B.pointedout

C.ledto

D.beganwith

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.accustomed

B.specific

C.helpful

D.similar

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.Rather

B.Quite

C.Entirely

D.Almost

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.cross

B.eliminate

C.draw

D.create

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.inadequate

B.impatient

C.impossible

D.inevitable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:D

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系下文可知客戶在抱怨排隊(duì)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。A選項(xiàng)warning“警告”；B選項(xiàng)thinking“思考”；C選項(xiàng)asking“請(qǐng)求”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查語(yǔ)境理解。由空格前，聯(lián)系第一題“Passengerswerecomplainingaboutthelongwaitsatbaggageclaim（乘客們?cè)诒г剐欣钐崛√幍却龝r(shí)間太長(zhǎng)）”，空格后“theexecutivesincreasedthenumberofbaggagehandlers.（行政人員增加了行李搬運(yùn)工的人數(shù)。）”可知，空格后是對(duì)空格前做的回應(yīng)。B選項(xiàng)Infact“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”；C選項(xiàng)Intheory“理論上”；D選項(xiàng)Inturn“輪流，依次”，都不符合上下文語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)下文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待時(shí)間降至8分鐘，完全符合行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）”可知這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃奏效了，等待時(shí)間下降了。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“theaveragewaitfelltoeightminutes,wellwithinindustrystandard.（平均等待時(shí)間降至8分鐘，完全符合行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）”和下文“thecomplaintspersisted.（人們的抱怨仍在繼續(xù)）”可知空格處填的詞應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折。A選項(xiàng)So表原因；B選項(xiàng)But表轉(zhuǎn)折；C選項(xiàng)Or表并列；D選項(xiàng)And表并列，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查動(dòng)詞辨析?！埃ǎ?theairportexecutivesundertookamorecarefulanalysis.”意為“因?yàn)椤瓩C(jī)場(chǎng)管理人員進(jìn)行了更仔細(xì)的分析”。A選項(xiàng)Puzzled“困惑”；B選項(xiàng)Scared“害怕”；C選項(xiàng)Delighted“高興，愉快”；D選項(xiàng)Relieved“解除”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查固定搭配。Ittakesbsometimetodosth意為花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，沒(méi)有Itspendsbsometimetodosth這個(gè)說(shuō)法，spend的用法是sbspendsometime(in)doingsth，它的主語(yǔ)必須是人；cost的用法是sthcostsb+金錢；need的主語(yǔ)一般是人，不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)上文“Theyfoundthatittookpassengersaminutetowalkfromtheirarrivalgatestobaggageclaimandsevenmoreminutestogettheirbags.（乘客從到達(dá)登機(jī)口走到行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處需要1分鐘，取行李又需要7分鐘。）”和下文“roughly88percentoftheirtimewasspentstandingaroundwaitingfortheirbags.（他們大約88%的時(shí)間是在站著等行李。）”可知上下文表示的意思是一樣的，所以空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)表并列關(guān)系的短語(yǔ)。因此空格處應(yīng)填“inotherwords”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管，不顧”；B選項(xiàng)insteadof“代替，而不是”；C選項(xiàng)bymeansof“依靠，借助于”；D選項(xiàng)becauseof“因?yàn)?，由于”，句意：他們沒(méi)有縮短等待時(shí)間，而是把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查語(yǔ)境理解。句意：參考第48題，他們沒(méi)有縮短等待時(shí)間，而是把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方?，F(xiàn)在乘客們得多走六倍的路。投訴幾乎為（）。從句意我們可以看出空格處應(yīng)該為一個(gè)數(shù)值，選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)符合，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查名詞辨析。句意：這個(gè)故事表明，等待的體驗(yàn)只在一定程度上取決于客觀等待的（）。A選項(xiàng)complaint“抱怨”不符合句意；B選項(xiàng)reach“范圍”不符合句意；C選項(xiàng)feeling“感覺(jué)”與句中的體驗(yàn)相沖突；D選項(xiàng)length“時(shí)長(zhǎng)”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查邏輯關(guān)系。該句意為：被占用的時(shí)間（走到行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處）感覺(jué)比沒(méi)被占用的時(shí)間（站在行李認(rèn)領(lǐng)處）（）。根據(jù)上文中提到的，機(jī)場(chǎng)管理人員把到達(dá)門移到離主航站樓更遠(yuǎn)的地方，乘客們?cè)诘却倪^(guò)程中感覺(jué)有事情可做，就會(huì)覺(jué)得走路的時(shí)間比等待的時(shí)間短，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。該空格處應(yīng)填與前面括號(hào)內(nèi)（walkingtobaggageclaim）相對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞。A選項(xiàng)looking“看”；B選項(xiàng)standing“站”；C選項(xiàng)serving“招待、服務(wù)”；D選項(xiàng)pointing“指向，表明”，其中只有B選項(xiàng)與前面括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容適配度更高，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：關(guān)于排隊(duì)的研究表明，人們平均會(huì)（）自己排隊(duì)等候的時(shí)間。A選項(xiàng)dislike“不喜歡，厭惡”；B選項(xiàng)disagree“不同意，反對(duì)”；C選項(xiàng)overestimate“高估”；D選項(xiàng)misunderstand“誤解，誤會(huì)”。聯(lián)系上下文可知人們總是以為自己的排隊(duì)時(shí)長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)，其實(shí)不然，所以人們經(jīng)常高估自己排隊(duì)等候的時(shí)間，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查語(yǔ)境理解。句意：這也是（）電梯旁邊有鏡子。根據(jù)下文可知，正是因?yàn)殓R子讓人們?cè)诘却臅r(shí)候有事可做，所以會(huì)讓人們感覺(jué)等待時(shí)間縮短了，所以空格處應(yīng)填有因果關(guān)系的詞，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.考查語(yǔ)境理解。該句子句意為：這個(gè)（）出現(xiàn)在二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)高樓林立，導(dǎo)致了人們對(duì)電梯延誤的抱怨。由此可知，人們對(duì)電梯的延誤感到抱怨更偏向于是一種社會(huì)問(wèn)題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”；B選項(xiàng)problem“問(wèn)題”；C選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”；D選項(xiàng)idea“方法”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)callfor“要求，需要，倡導(dǎo)”；B選項(xiàng)pointout“指出，指明”；C選項(xiàng)leadto“導(dǎo)致”；D選項(xiàng)beginwith“以……開(kāi)始，開(kāi)始于……”。參考55題，句意為：這個(gè)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生于二戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)高樓林立，（）了人們對(duì)電梯延誤的抱怨。根據(jù)句意可知空格處應(yīng)填導(dǎo)致了人們的抱怨，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)beaccustomedto的意思：習(xí)慣于；習(xí)以為常；B選項(xiàng)bespecificto“針對(duì)……而言，僅限于……”；C選項(xiàng)behelpfultodosth.對(duì)做……有幫助，后面一般接todo不定式；D選項(xiàng)besimilarto“……與……相似，和……相似”，to后面可以接人，也可以接物。句意：鏡子后面的原因和休斯頓機(jī)場(chǎng)使用的（）：讓人們有事可做。一夜之間，投訴停止了。聯(lián)系上下文可知鏡子和機(jī)場(chǎng)都是為了讓人們?cè)诘却臅r(shí)候有事情可做，他們的目的是一樣的，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.考查副詞辨析。句意：（）一夜之間，投訴停止了。A選項(xiàng)rather“寧可，寧愿，相當(dāng)”；B選項(xiàng)quite“很，相當(dāng)，完全”；C選項(xiàng)entirely“完全的”；D選項(xiàng)almost“差不多，幾乎”。聯(lián)系題干可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cross“穿過(guò)，橫過(guò)”，cross后面一般不用lines，而是crosstheline，crosstheline逐字解釋是越過(guò)某條界線，一般是指觸犯了某項(xiàng)禁忌或者規(guī)則，做了過(guò)分的事情。B選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除，排除”；C選項(xiàng)draw“畫，拉，吸引”；D選項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)立”。句意：我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完全（）排隊(duì)。根據(jù)句意可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inadequate“不充分的，不適當(dāng)?shù)摹?；B選項(xiàng)impatient“焦躁的，不耐煩的”；C選項(xiàng)impossible“不可能的”；D選項(xiàng)inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：但更好地理解等待的心理可以幫助讓那些（）延誤變得更容易忍受。聯(lián)系句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Shegotveryangryand（

）herclothesaboutintheroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flung

B.flew

C.clamped

D.clashed

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:她很生氣，把衣服扔的房間里到處都是。

fling(尤指生氣地)扔，擲，拋，丟;猛動(dòng)(身體或身體部位);粗暴地(向某人)說(shuō);氣勢(shì)洶洶地(對(duì)某人)說(shuō)。clamp夾住，固定;緊緊抓住;緊夾住;被抓住;被夾緊;用夾鎖鎖住(車)。clash打斗;沖突;比賽;(公開(kāi)地)爭(zhēng)論。

8.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused,itsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin"slices",

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmayonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradiopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureoftissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（

）.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat，comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Two-dimensional

B.Three-dimensional

C.Animated

D.Intensified

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cautious

B.Tolerant

C.Enthusiastic

D.Critical

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Inaddition，conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs(另外，傳統(tǒng)X光射線通常只能在骨頭和空隙之間做出區(qū)分，比如胸腔和肺),由此可知A項(xiàng)“骨頭和空隙”。

2.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:身體相鄰交叉部位可能成什么樣的像？第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因?yàn)椴煌瑢用娌煌疃鹊挠绊懯钳B加的，這會(huì)使觀察者困惑),因此B項(xiàng)“三維的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)的是:和傳統(tǒng)X光射線相比,計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描更加…。第二段指出:Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer(首先，傳統(tǒng)的二維X光射線成像不能顯示包含在三維物體里的所有信息。因?yàn)椴煌瑢用娌煌疃鹊挠绊懯钳B加的，這會(huì)使觀察者困惑),Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles(計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描可以通過(guò)測(cè)量從數(shù)百個(gè)不同角度穿過(guò)身體截面的X線的強(qiáng)度變化來(lái)重新構(gòu)建身體內(nèi)部的圖像)。由此可知D項(xiàng)“能提供更多信息”正確。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章通篇在講計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描相比傳統(tǒng)X光射線的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。最后一句話指出:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來(lái)監(jiān)控放射治療的進(jìn)程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。由此可知作者對(duì)于斷層掃描的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞computedtomography定位至最后一段:Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy(它（即計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描）可以精確定位腫瘤位置來(lái)監(jiān)控放射治療的進(jìn)程，所以，除有診斷能力外，它在治療中能起到重要作用)。因此A項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控患者的疾病”,B項(xiàng)“診斷疾病”和C項(xiàng)“定位腫瘤位置”都正確。故選D。

9.單選題

Basicresearchisthecuttingofpathsthroughtheunknown.Asmostofusknowtoday,itisthepacesetterfortechnologyandtherawmaterialofinvention.

Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical,andthatonlywhenitbecomesamatterofindustrialdevelopmentdoesit“comedowntoearth.”Thisisafalsenotionanditsfalsitybecomesincreasinglyclearwithtime.Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.Notonlyarewefindingimportanttechnologicalapplicationformathematicalandscientificknowledgewhichwasformerlythoughtofasabstractand"useless,buttheadvanceoftechnologyhasbothgeneratednewproblemsinpurescienceandprovidednewtoolswithwhichsuchsciencecanbeadvancedmoreeffectively.Thedevelopmentofthetechniquesandhardwareforradarduringthewar,forexample,gavethephysicistandthechemistanewandrefinedtoolforinvestigatingthepropertiesofsolidsandofchemicalcompounds.Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.Similarly,thedevelopmentoflarge-scaleelectroniccomputershasledengineerstofindpracticalusesforsomeofthemost,abstruseand"impractical"branchesofhighermathematics,whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.Basicandappliedsciencetodayaredistinguishedlessbymethodandcontentthanbymotivation.Veryoftenindeed,thesamemancanbeboth“purescientist”and“engineer”asheworksondifferentproblemsorondifferentpartsofoneproblem.

Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.

Ifgraduateeducationaimsatmakingscientists,andifinquiryintowhatisunknownisthemovingprincipleofallscience,itisnotsurprisingthatexperienceofthiskindofinquiryshouldbeessentialingraduateeducation.Clearlysuchexperienceisbestobtainedinassociationwithotherswhohavehaditorarehavingitthemselves.Theapprenticescientistlearnsbestwhenhelearnsinanatmosphereofactiveresearchwork.Inallformsofscientificwork,aman'seffectivenessismultipliedwhenhehasthatdepthofunderstandingofhissubjectthatcomesonlywiththeexperienceofworkingataresearchproblem.

Theprocessofgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasupon“teaching”.

Indeed,thetwoareessentiallyinseparableandthereisaradicalerrorittryingtothinkofthemasdifferentoroppositeformsofactivity.Fromthepointofviewofthegraduatestudent,theteachingandtheresearchofhisprofessor-areatthecrucialpointwhichdefinesthewhole,uniteD.Whathelearnsisnotoppositefromresearch;itisresearch.Ofcoursemanynecessarypartsofascientist'seducationhavelittletodowithresearch,andobviously,also,formanyprofessorstheremustbeagapbetweenteachingastandardgraduatecourseandworkingatone'sownproblems.Moreover,manygoodteachersmenwhokeepupwiththenewworkintheirsubjectandcommunicateitsmeaningclearlytotheirstudentsarenotthemselvesengagedinresearch.Yetweinsistonthecentralpoint,thewould-bescientistmustlearnwhatitisliketodoscience,andthiswhichisresearchisthemostimportantthinghecanbe“taught”.

Sofarwehavebeenarguingthatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.Whathappenswhenweturnthematteraround,andaskwhetherbasicresearchmustbecarriedononlyinconjunctionwithgraduateeducation?Heretheanswercannotbesocategorical.Thoughourgeneralconvictionisthatafundamentallyreciprocalrelationdoesexist,itisclearthatresearchofoutstandingqualityisoftencarriedoninisolationfromreachingandindeedquite,outsidetheuniversities.Whilethegreat,teacherofgraduatestudentsisalmostinvariablyaresearchmantoo,therearemanynotablescientistswhohaveaslittleaspossibletodowithteaching.First-rateindustrialandgovernmentallaboratorieswithcommitmentstospecificprogramsarenecessarilyseparatedinsomemeasurefromteachingofaconventionalsort.Thus,basicresearchcanbecarriedonwithoutmuchconnectiontograduateeducation.

Yetinthelongrunitisdangeroustoseparateresearchinanyfieldentirelyfromeducation.Thepoolofgraduatestudentsinouruniversitiesisthepoolfromwhichthescientistofthefuturemustcome.Theseyoungpeopledonoteasilystudywhatisnottaught;theydonotoftenlearnthemeaningofresearchwhichdoesnotexistintheirenvironment.Ascientificfieldwhichhasnoresearchlifeintheuniversitiesisatagravedisadvantageinrecruitingnewmembers.Aslearningandteachingrequireresearch,soresearch,intheend,cannotbesustainedwithoutteaching.Henceitisalwaysimportantforresearchinstallationstomaintaineffectiveconnectionswithstudents.

Thereisalsothefactthatinthewidersenseall-rate-researchlaboratoriesarepermeatedbyanatmosphereoflearning.Successfulresearchcanbedefined,indeed,aslearningwhathasnotbeentaughtbefore,andagoodscientistisconstantlylearningfromothers.Webelievethatresearch,learningandteachingaredeeplyconnectedprocesseswhichshouldkepttogetherwhereverpossible.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,basicresearch（）.

2.Ourscientificageischaracterizedby（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ascientistisone（）.

4.Indiscussingtherelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducationtheauthorthink（）.

5.Anapprenticescientistlearnsbetterinanatmosphereofresearchworkbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isaimedatunderstandingandtherefore,isbasicallyabstractandtheoretical.

B.hasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics

C.givesusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalsocialsystems.

D.issometimeshardtodistinguishfromappliedscience.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thevanishingofbarriersbetweenpureandappliedsciences

B.thedisappearanceofdifferencesbetweenpureandappliedsciences

C.practicalapplicationsofsomeofthemostabstractandImpracticalbranchesscience

D.theinventionofnewandrefinedtoolsforinvestigationandresearch

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoisabletoparticipateinbasicresearchandworkontheunsolvedproblems

B.whoisabletodevelophisabilitiesinsolvingproblems

C.whoiscompetenttoshowtheprocessofresearchtoothers

D.whoiscapableofdoingallabove-mentioned

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatgraduateeducationdependsonresearchjustasmuchasuponteaching.

B.thatgraduatestudentslearnbetterwhentheyworkataresearchproblem

C.thatgraduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch

D.thatgraduateeducationandresearchareinseparableanddependoneachother.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.graduateeducationrequirestheexperienceofbasicresearch.

B.manyprofessorsareengagedinresearchandthisisthemostimportantthingtheyteach.

C.whenapersonisdoingresearchhehasabetterunderstandingofthesubjecthelearningandthus,theeffectivenessisincreased

D.theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogethereverypossiblelevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Becausebasicresearchisaimedatunderstandingratherthanatpracticalresults,thelaymansometimesassumesthatitisentirelyabstractandtheoretical.”中文翻譯為：因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)研究旨在理解而不是實(shí)際結(jié)果，所以，外行有時(shí)認(rèn)為它完全是抽象的和理論性的?？芍狝選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由B選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“Conversely,theextensiveuseofthistoolinbasicsciencehasopenedthewaytoentirelynewtechniquesinelectronics.”中文翻譯為：相反，在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)中廣泛使用這一工具，為電子領(lǐng)域的全新技術(shù)開(kāi)辟了道路?！笨芍狟選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由C選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章中“whiletheunderstandingofthetechniquesofusingcomputershas,ontheotherhand,givenusdeeperinsightintosomeaspectsofthebehaviorofcomplexbiologicalandsocialsystems.”中文翻譯為：另一方面，對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的理解使我們對(duì)復(fù)雜的生物和社會(huì)系統(tǒng)的某些方面有了更深入的了解?？芍狢選項(xiàng)符合作者觀點(diǎn)；根據(jù)D選項(xiàng)可以定位到原文“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience.”中文翻譯為：事實(shí)上，我們這個(gè)科學(xué)時(shí)代的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，純科學(xué)和應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間的障礙消失了。障礙消失不代表很難將基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間區(qū)分開(kāi)，故排除D選項(xiàng)。因此答案為C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞scientificage可定位到文章“Indeed,onestrikingcharacteristicofourscientificagehasbeenthedisappearanceofthebarriersbetweenpureandappliedscience”，中文翻譯為：事實(shí)上，我們這個(gè)科學(xué)時(shí)代的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)是，純科學(xué)和應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間的障礙消失了。因此A項(xiàng)“純科學(xué)與應(yīng)用科學(xué)之間的障礙消失了”正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文“Bythewordscientistwemeansomeonewhoisfittotakepartinbasicresearch,tolearnwithoutateacher,todiscoverandattacksignificantproblemsnotyetsolved,toshowthenatureofthisprocesstoothers—someone,inshort,whoisequippedtospendalifetimeintheadvancementofscience,tothebestofhisability.”，中文翻譯為：根據(jù)科學(xué)家這個(gè)詞，我們可以說(shuō)他是適合于基礎(chǔ)研究、自主學(xué)習(xí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)并攻擊尚未解決的重大問(wèn)題，而且向他人展示這一過(guò)程的本質(zhì)。簡(jiǎn)而言之，科學(xué)家會(huì)在科學(xué)進(jìn)步中奉獻(xiàn)一生并且盡最大能力去完成。因此，最佳答案為D項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞therelationshipbetweenresearchandgraduateeducation可以定位到原文“Theprocessofgraduateeducationandtheprocessofbasicresearchbelongtogetherateverypossiblelevel.Thetwokindsofactivityreinforceeachotherinagreatvarietyof,andeachisweakenedwhencarriedonwithouttheother.”，中文翻譯為：研究生教育的過(guò)程和基礎(chǔ)研究的過(guò)程是各方面的