考研考博-英語(yǔ)-亳州學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-亳州學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.simultaneously

B.spontaneously

C.homogeneously

D.contemporarily

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.simultaneously同時(shí)地B.spontaneously自發(fā)地；自然地

C.homogeneously同樣地D.contemporarily當(dāng)今；時(shí)下

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：光纖電纜可以……傳輸數(shù)百個(gè)電話通話。光線電纜指的是利用光導(dǎo)纖維可進(jìn)行光纖通信。光纖通信與電波通信相比，光纖通信能提供更多的通信通路，可滿足大容量通信系統(tǒng)的需要。由此可推斷，根據(jù)邏輯，光線電纜能夠同時(shí)傳輸數(shù)個(gè)電話通話。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】光纖電纜可以同時(shí)傳送數(shù)百個(gè)電話。

2.單選題

Todaychemicalsareusedtodestroycropinsects,topreservefoodandtopurifyourwateramongmanyother（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.matters

B.things

C.businesses

D.accounts

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在的化學(xué)用品被用于殺死害蟲，保護(hù)莊稼食物，還用于凈化水源，還用于許多其他的事項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意，空格處并列前文提及的化學(xué)劑的用途，則A項(xiàng)“事件；事情”最符合用法。

3.單選題

Becauseoftheeconomiccrisis,industrialoutputintheregionremained_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.inactive

C.stagnant

D.immobile

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。motionless靜止的，不運(yùn)動(dòng)的；inactive不活躍的，怠惰的；stagnant停滯的，蕭條的；immobile固定的，不變的。句意：由于經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，該地區(qū)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)出仍然停滯不前。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Thebookwaswidelytranslatedandcopiedintheancientworldandwasinfluential（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyprice

B.withinreach

C.beyondmeasure

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。atanyprice“無(wú)論如何”；withinreach“伸手可及”；beyondmeasure“無(wú)可估量”；onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”。句意：在古代這本書被廣泛地翻譯和復(fù)制，其影響力______。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息widely，可知選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Shelikesthe（）flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)article“文章”；B選項(xiàng)adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)ancient“古代的”；D選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的，仿造的”。句意：她喜歡人造花而不喜歡天然花。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally______hispointbyrelatinghisownexperiences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.illustrated

B.hinted

C.tied

D.displayed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.illustrated說(shuō)明，闡明B.hinted暗示；透露

C.tied（用線、繩等）系，拴D.displayed陳列；展出

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thespeaker（演講者）和hispoint（他的觀點(diǎn)）可推知，空格處表示“闡明觀點(diǎn)”，illustrate指用例子、故事或圖表闡明，符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在講座中，演講者偶爾會(huì)通過(guò)講述自己的經(jīng)歷來(lái)闡述他的觀點(diǎn)。

7.單選題

Facing-portindustryhasbecomethebasicpillarofeconomicstrengthindevelopedcountriesandpromotedtheformationofinternationalproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstance

B.motivation

C.backbone

D.initiative

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.circumstance條件，環(huán)境B.motivation動(dòng)力

C.backbone支柱，骨干，基礎(chǔ)D.initiative主動(dòng)性，積極性

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】pillar的意思為“核心，基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，臨港工業(yè)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的基本核心，backbone與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】臨港工業(yè)已成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的基本支柱，促進(jìn)了國(guó)際化大生產(chǎn)方式的形成。

8.翻譯題

學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)于心靈而言，猶如食物對(duì)于身體一樣重要。攝取足夠的食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)之后，身體才得以成長(zhǎng)，肌肉才得以發(fā)達(dá)。同樣，為保持敏銳的心智能力和擴(kuò)充智力容量，我們應(yīng)該日復(fù)一日地不斷學(xué)習(xí)。不斷學(xué)習(xí)為我們提供無(wú)盡的能量，它是跟上信息時(shí)代步伐最穩(wěn)妥的方法，也是在變動(dòng)的時(shí)代中取得成功的可靠保證。

【答案】Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusclesdevelopwiththeintakeofadequatenutritiousfood.Likewise,weshouldkeeplearningdaybydaytomaintainourkeenmentalpowerandexpandourintellectualcapacity.Learningincessantlyisthesurestwaytokeeppacewiththetimesintheinformationage,andreliablewarrantofsuccessintimesofuncertainty.

9.填空題

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate（靈長(zhǎng)類）todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持續(xù)的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.（當(dāng)我們的人口在2000年開始時(shí)超過(guò)了60億，仍然遍布各大洲，每天都有幾十種動(dòng)物和植物滅絕，包括100多年來(lái)第一個(gè)滅絕的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物。）可以看得出動(dòng)植物物種都在減少，因此題干錯(cuò)誤。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.（沒(méi)有特定的事件可以直接歸咎于全球變暖，洪水和干旱將會(huì)更頻繁和嚴(yán)重。）可以看出目前并沒(méi)有證據(jù)證明是人口增多引起的，因此題干錯(cuò)誤。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.（在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，人類盡其所能控制自然。我們?cè)诤恿魃现危撤ド?，耗盡土壤。）通過(guò)這句話可以得出題干是正確的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.（新世紀(jì)的目標(biāo)是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。這有可能嗎?這取決于我們對(duì)人類是自然的一部分，而不是主人的理解程度。）因此可以看出，可持續(xù)發(fā)展指的并不是題干所說(shuō)的“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展將充分利用自然資源”，而是人類要意識(shí)到自己要和大自然共同發(fā)展，因此題干錯(cuò)誤。

5.根據(jù)全文來(lái)看，作者一直都是在說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在環(huán)境的惡劣，以及人類的責(zé)任重大，需要和自然好好相處，因此作者的意圖就是希望大家重視環(huán)境保護(hù)問(wèn)題。題干表達(dá)正確。

10.單選題

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdifferentcolors,sinceeachcolorhasaslightlydifferentrefractiveindexinagivenmaterial.Thatwouldprovideextradataforthecomputertochewon,andprobablyresultinbetterpictures.Withenoughpictures,Dr.Feld’stechniquemaymakebiologyastransparentasthecellsitstudies.

31.Tomographicphasemicroscopyisdifferentfromtheothertricksthatlookatcellsinthat________.

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEofthespeedoflightinmaterials?

33.Theresultofdarknessinthetechniqueofinterferometryimpliesthat________.

34.Dr.Feld’smethodcouldbeappliedintoidentifyingcancerearlyby________.

35.Thebesttitleifthepassagecouldbe________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thelightthatgetsthroughthecellsisunalteredintomographicphasemicroscopy

B.itdoesnotrequirethetrickerytokillcells

C.itisnotdependentonabsorbedorreflectedlight

D.itcouldseeallthecomponentsofthecellsfromthreedimensions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lightrunsthefastestwhenitpassesthroughtransparentmaterialsintherealworld.

B.Thespeedoflightcanonlybepreciselymeasuredwhenthelightistravellinginvacuum.

C.Thespeedoflightinanymaterialisslowerthantheactual“speedoflight”.

D.Thespeedoflightshiftswhenthelighttravelsthroughdifferentcells.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thereisnolightpassingthroughthesample

B.therefractiveindexofthesampleisverygreat

C.thespeedofthelightpassingthroughthesampleisveryslow

D.thetwodaughterbeamsweakeneachother

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.detectingchangesofrefractiveindicesinthecomponentsofproteinfactories

B.findingoutthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinsomepartsofthecervical-cancercells

C.examiningthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinthenucleolus

D.identifyingthechangesoftherefractiveindicesinpartofthenucleolusofthecancercells

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ImageoftheTransparentCells

B.NewTechniqueofCelebratingTransparency

C.RefractiveIndicesoftheTransparentCells

D.NewMethodofDetectingCancerCells

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】31.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechnique…（費(fèi)爾德博士的技術(shù)不依賴于吸收光或反射光），可知層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)最獨(dú)特的地方在于C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于吸收或反射光”，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)細(xì)胞的光在層析相顯微鏡中是不變的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacell…whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.（為了測(cè)量細(xì)胞不同部分的折射率……這種技術(shù)包括將一束光一分為二。），可知在層析相顯微鏡技術(shù)中，通過(guò)細(xì)胞的光會(huì)變化，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不需要技巧來(lái)殺死細(xì)胞”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell（許多這樣的把戲殺死了細(xì)胞，甚至那些使細(xì)胞存活的把戲也只能看到每個(gè)細(xì)胞的切片），可知不是殺死細(xì)胞才能觀察，而是在觀察的過(guò)程中殺死了細(xì)胞，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“它可以從三維空間看到細(xì)胞的所有組成部分”：文中沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.（只有在真空中，光以實(shí)際的“光速”移動(dòng)，才能超過(guò)任何物體的速度。），可知光在真空中最快，所以C選項(xiàng)“任何物質(zhì)中的光速都比實(shí)際的‘光速’要慢?！闭_，B選項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)光在真空中傳播時(shí)，才能精確測(cè)量光速。”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，光通過(guò)透明材料時(shí)跑得最快?！焙虳選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)光通過(guò)不同的細(xì)胞時(shí)，光的速度會(huì)發(fā)生變化”文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段ifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeet…Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness…themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness（如果沒(méi)有樣本存在，兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)的相位完全相同……波浪的波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果就是明亮……兩束光的相位就越不一致。波峰將落在波谷上，結(jié)果將是黑暗。），可知如果兩個(gè)子光束相遇時(shí)相位相同，波峰和波谷會(huì)相互加強(qiáng)，結(jié)果是明亮，那么如果結(jié)果是黑暗，兩個(gè)子光束相位不一致，兩個(gè)子光束就是相互削弱，所以D選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)子光束相互削弱”正確。A選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有光通過(guò)樣品”的結(jié)果是明亮，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“樣品的折射率非常大”文中沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“光通過(guò)樣品的速度非常慢”：通過(guò)很慢不一定是唯一原因，子光束的相位不同才是直接原因，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

34.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.（菲爾德博士想知道，如果使用他的新方法，癌癥期間發(fā)生的變化是否會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。他們?cè)诩?xì)胞的核仁中找到了。這里是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的地方。），可知通過(guò)細(xì)胞核仁可以診斷癌癥，所以C選項(xiàng)“檢查核仁折光指數(shù)的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的折射率變化”：文中指的是制造蛋白質(zhì)工廠成分的核仁，而不是這些成分，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)子宮頸癌細(xì)胞某些部位的折光指數(shù)變化”和D選項(xiàng)“識(shí)別部分癌細(xì)胞核仁的折光指數(shù)的變化”中不是觀察癌細(xì)胞的核仁，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

35.主旨大意題。本文主要在講通過(guò)層析相顯微術(shù)觀察透明細(xì)胞，包括原理和運(yùn)用，所以B選項(xiàng)“觀察透明物的新技術(shù)”正確。根據(jù)A選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的圖像”，C選項(xiàng)“透明細(xì)胞的折射率”和D選項(xiàng)“檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞的新方法”不能概括全文，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Becauseofa（）engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pioneer

B.premature

C.prior

D.past

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。pioneer“先鋒”；premature“早產(chǎn)的，不成熟的”；prior“先前的”；past“過(guò)去”。句意：由于先前的約會(huì)，Lora上周六不能參加我的生日派對(duì)。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

1.Whenyouareinthebusinessofsendingspacecrafttootherplanets,itisprobablywisetodoeverythingyoucantokeepyourspace-probessterile(無(wú)菌的).NASA,America’sspaceagency,certainlydoesso.Afterall,youwouldnotwanthugsfromoneplanettocontaminateanotherwheretheymightpossiblythrive.

ButaccordingtoCurtMileikowsky,oftheRoyalInstituteofTechnologyinStockholm,thismayalreadyhavehappenednaturallybillionsofyearsagowhenthesolarsystemwasyoung.ForDrMileikowskyhastakenacentury-oldideacalledpanspermia(有生源說(shuō)),andshownthatitisplausible.

2.Panspermiaisthetheorythatlifedoesnotstartindependentlyoneachplanetthathasit(assumingthatotherplanetsdo).Rather,ithopsfromplacetoplace,“infecting”newworldsasitgoes.Supportedbyexpertsinbiology,geologyandcelestialmechanics,DrMileikowskyarguedtotheAmericanAstronomicalSocietymeetinginAtlantathatthisisnotasoutlandishasitsounds.

3.Bunglingspaceorganizationsapart,theonlymodeoftravelopentomicrobesseemstobemeteorites.Mostofthesearesmallbitsofjunkfromtheasteroid(小行星)beltthathavegoneoffcourse.Butsomearerocksthathavebeenflungintospacefromthesurfacesofplanetsasaresultofthoseplanetshavingbeenstruckbyevenlargerbitsofrock—decent—sizedasteroidsorcomets.

4.Ifthereislifeonsuchaplanet,microscopicformsofitwillprobablylivedeepinsiderocks,astheydoonearth.Theaccelerationoflift-offwouldnotkillsomethingthatsize.

5.Ifarockislargeenough,theheatgeneratedasitisthrownclearwillbenegligibleexceptatitssurface—where,ifanything,meltingmayevenproduceanairtightskintoprotectanymicrobesdeeperdownfromtheunpleasantvacuumofspace.

【答案】1.當(dāng)我們發(fā)射宇宙飛船到其他星球時(shí)，盡可能使太空探測(cè)器保持無(wú)菌狀態(tài)是明智的。美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是這樣做。畢竟，我們不會(huì)希望一個(gè)星球的污染波及另一個(gè)它們可能繁衍的地方。

但根據(jù)斯德哥爾摩皇家理工學(xué)院的庫(kù)特?米里科夫斯基的說(shuō)法，這可能在幾十億年前太陽(yáng)系統(tǒng)還很年輕的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)自然發(fā)生了。因?yàn)閹?kù)特?米里科夫斯基博士采用了一個(gè)有百年歷史的“有生源說(shuō)”理論，并證明了它的合理性。

2.有生源說(shuō)理論認(rèn)為，生命并非獨(dú)立起源于擁有生命的各個(gè)行星（假設(shè)其他行星上也有生命）。而是從一個(gè)地方彈跳似的傳播到另一個(gè)地方，每到一個(gè)新世界就將那里“感染”。在生物學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)和天體力學(xué)方面的專家的支持下，庫(kù)特?米里科夫斯基博士在亞特蘭大舉行的美國(guó)天文學(xué)會(huì)會(huì)議上指出，這也并沒(méi)有聽起來(lái)那么奇怪。

3.除了空間組織混亂之外，向微生物開放的唯一通道似乎是隕石。其中大多數(shù)是小行星帶上的少量垃圾，它們已經(jīng)偏離航向。但是，有些巖石卻被行星表面拋入太空，這是因?yàn)檫@些行星被更大的小塊巖石撞擊，這些巖石是大小適中的小行星或彗星。

4.如果在這樣的行星上存在生命，那么它的微觀形式可能會(huì)像在地球上一樣生活在深部的內(nèi)部巖石中。加速起飛不會(huì)殺死那么大的東西。

5.如果一塊巖石足夠大，那么它扔出去時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的熱量是微不足道的，除了在它的表面，在任何地方融化可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不透氣的皮膚，以保護(hù)更深層的微生物免受空間真空的傷害。

13.單選題

He（

）tomyproposal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasnotstillresponded

B.hasnotrespondedyet

C.hasyetnotresponded

D.stillhasnotresponded

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析題。yet和still都表示“還”的意思，但二者在句中的位置是不一樣的。yet一般位于句尾或句中，而still則通常在句中，排除B選項(xiàng)，另外，在否定句中，still可以位于否定結(jié)構(gòu)之前，而yet卻不能這樣使用，排除A、C選項(xiàng)，因此，答案選D。

14.單選題

______whenshestartedtocomplaining.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Notuntilhearrived

B.Nosoonerhadhearrived

C.Scarcelydidhearrive

D.Hardlyhadhearrived

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Notuntilhearrived直到他到達(dá)B.Nosoonerhadhearrived他一到達(dá)

C.Scarcelydidhearrive他一到達(dá)D.Hardlyhadhearrived他一到達(dá)

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardly…when…為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“一……就……”，句子要部分倒裝；根據(jù)started可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，她開始抱怨是在他到達(dá)之后，所以空格處要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不與when搭配；

B項(xiàng)一般與than搭配。

【句意】他剛到，她就開始抱怨起來(lái)。

15.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無(wú)疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

16.單選題

Duringthenineteenyearsofhiscareer,FranceBattiatehaswonthe______ofawideaudienceoutsideItaly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognition

B.appreciation

C.reputation

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recognition“識(shí)別，承認(rèn)”；appreciation“欣賞”；reputation“名聲，名譽(yù)”；evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”。句意：在19年的職業(yè)生涯中，法國(guó)Battiate贏得了意大利以外廣大讀者的贊賞。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中起作用的力量。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世貿(mào)組織的抗議活動(dòng)表明并非所有人都認(rèn)為全球化是一件好事。選項(xiàng)C與原文表述一致。

3.根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一樣，使人民兩極分化，改變他們的生活結(jié)構(gòu)，并在人們內(nèi)部以及人與人之間制造裂痕。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他們指出，許多西方國(guó)家的相對(duì)繁榮證明了全球化的積極影響。選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批評(píng)人士認(rèn)為，快速的、全系統(tǒng)的社會(huì)變革帶來(lái)了令人不安的影響。也就是說(shuō)，全球化導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)制度的迅速變化，使人們感到不安，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

18.單選題

[A]Atitsmostbasic,corporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere”.Itguides[B]whatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.Itisawideterm[C]usedtodefinetheuniquepersonalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,[D]andincludessuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atitsmostbasic

B.what

C.usedtodefine

D.andincludes

【答案】B

【解析】考查關(guān)系詞。B選項(xiàng)后面的句子主語(yǔ)是employees，謂語(yǔ)think，act，feel都是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)將what改為how。

19.單選題

Thisleadsrecordcompaniestotreatmusiciansascontractedartistswhoarenotpaidafixedsumfortheirlabor-time,butinsteadreceiveroyaltiesin（

）totheirsuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.addition

B.relation

C.percentage

D.proportion

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：這導(dǎo)致唱片公司把音樂(lè)家當(dāng)成簽約藝術(shù)家，他們無(wú)法獲得固定的工資，但是當(dāng)他們成功后可以獲得一定比例的版稅。inproportionto“與某事物成比例”，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.翻譯題

許多人覺(jué)得跟計(jì)算機(jī)打交道比跟人打交道更自在。計(jì)算機(jī)更有耐心，不會(huì)對(duì)操作的人評(píng)頭論足。許多學(xué)生向教師請(qǐng)教的時(shí)候，總會(huì)感到緊張，他們樂(lè)于向計(jì)算機(jī)提問(wèn)。有些病人更愿意向計(jì)算機(jī)而不是向醫(yī)生說(shuō)明自己的病情，甚至出現(xiàn)了能夠解決心理問(wèn)題的計(jì)算機(jī)程序，因?yàn)樵S多人覺(jué)得與別人討論自己的心理問(wèn)題不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

21.單選題

Itisadvisableto________anelectricwirewithrubberinordertosecuresafety.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.resolute

C.insolate

D.insulate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。desolate“使荒涼，使孤寂”；resolute“堅(jiān)決的，剛毅的”；insolate“使暴曬”，insulate“隔離，使絕緣”。句意：為了安全起見，最好在電線涂上橡膠以絕緣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.

Amanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.(1)Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgmentorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,andtheyaresubjecttosuddenaccessesofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.(2)Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.

Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatasteforrationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies.(3)Theyregardover-simplificationastheoriginalsinofthemindandhavenousefortheslogans,theunqualifiedassertionsandsweepinggeneralizations