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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-保定理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題
Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.WriteyourcorrectionsontheAnswerSheet.
Example:
Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.
1.Period→Time
Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa
2.Having→/
schoolobjectarevalidforstudyoftelevision.
3.∧study→the
Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing
newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir
originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis
1.______
goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof
2.______
prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe
edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof
3.______
seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis
4.______
thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof
MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery
5.______
dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered
6.______
inmillions.
Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies
7.______
twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants
8.______
fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe
9.______
countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflooding
10.______
outagaintothesuburbs.
【答案】1.∧newone→a
2.filling→filled
3.though→/
4.This→What
5.was→were
6.dissimilar→similar
7.lies→lie
8.that→which
9.it→them
10.late→later
【解析】1.考查不定冠詞使用。根據(jù)句子Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.(一些城市已經(jīng)失去了原來的目標(biāo),而且還沒有找到新的目標(biāo))可知,new前面缺少不定冠詞a表示泛指某物。
2.考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句子…poorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing可知,非謂語動詞fill和who之間屬于邏輯動賓關(guān)系,所以fill需要用過去分詞來表示被動意義。
3.考查比較狀語從句。根據(jù)句子TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.(在孟買或巴西利亞的邊緣,也有一些落后的城鎮(zhèn),就如在17世紀(jì)的倫敦或19世紀(jì)早期的巴黎邊緣一樣)可知,seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis(17世紀(jì)的倫敦或19世紀(jì)早期的巴黎邊緣)這里屬于現(xiàn)在的情況與過去的情況進(jìn)行對比,故不應(yīng)該用justasthough(就像)引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣,所以要刪除“though”來表示一種比較。
4.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句子Thisisnewisthescale可知,句子中有兩個系動詞,所以需要把this替換成一個可以充當(dāng)主語并且引導(dǎo)句子的關(guān)系代詞來使句子結(jié)構(gòu)合理,所以講this改為what。
5.考查主謂一致。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞contrasts(反差)可知,這是復(fù)數(shù),后置定語中的be動詞應(yīng)該也用復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以was要改為were。
6.考查句意。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions(貧困人口仍有數(shù)百萬)可知墨西哥城現(xiàn)在的情況與過去是類似的,所以應(yīng)該把dissimilar(不同的)改成similar(相似的)。
7.考查單復(fù)數(shù)一致。根據(jù)句子butbehinditliestwomyths(但在這背后有兩個神話)可知,這里是完全倒裝,真正的主語是twomyths,所以lie應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式;故將lies改為lie。
8.考查非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞that前面的逗號可知,這里是一個非限制性定語從句,that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,所以應(yīng)該把that改為which。
9.考查代詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞immigrants(移民)可知,這里應(yīng)該用第三人稱的復(fù)數(shù)形式them表示,所以應(yīng)該將it改為them。
10.考查副詞。根據(jù)句子themythofthecityasapromisedland,whichattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsthemfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.(城市神話是應(yīng)許之地,吸引了來自貧困農(nóng)村的移民,讓他們涌入城市中心;而鄉(xiāng)村神話是伊甸園,幾代人之后,又讓他們涌向郊區(qū))可知,afewgenerations(幾代人)、floodingintocityenters“涌入市中心”與floodingoutagaintothesuburbs(再次涌出郊區(qū))這里對應(yīng),指代“幾代人之后涌出郊區(qū)”,所以應(yīng)該將late(晚,遲)改為later(后來,隨后)。
2.翻譯題
Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.
Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.
Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.
Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?
Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.
Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”
【答案】【參考譯文】凄風(fēng)細(xì)雨,山路蜿蜒,我毫無興致驅(qū)車前往女兒卡羅琳的家??膳畠阂欢ㄒ仪叭タ纯瓷巾斏系木爸隆?/p>
轉(zhuǎn)過一條狹窄的小道我們停下車出來,沿著鋪滿厚厚一層松針的小路走去。頭頂上高大的墨綠色常青樹聳入云霄。漸漸地這地方的平和寧靜開始令我陶醉。然后我們拐了個彎,我停下了腳步,驚詫不已。
從山頂往下好幾英畝的山坡上,滿是怒放的水仙花,猶如江河直下,越過山坳,穿過峽谷,一片五彩繽紛:有潔凈無比的象牙白,有極其濃郁的檸檬黃,有鮮艷奪目的鮭魚橙,如同一幅地毯展現(xiàn)在我們而前,令人眼花繚亂。仿佛太陽傾翻了,把一片金光溢瀉到了山坡上。
一大堆問題在我的腦海中翻騰。誰創(chuàng)造了這種美景?為什么要創(chuàng)造?又是如何創(chuàng)造的?
我們走近這塊寶地中央的屋子,只見一塊牌子上寫著:我知道你要問的問題,答案如下。答案一:一位婦女,一雙手,兩只腳,而且天資不高。答案二:一次種一株。答案三:開始于1958年。
驅(qū)車回家的路上,我為所見的一切感動不已,無言以對?!八脑炝耸澜?,”我終于說道。“一次種一株。她幾乎40年前就開始了。當(dāng)時也許只是一念之閃,但她持之以恒。”這一奇觀令我回味良久?!霸囅耄蔽艺f道,“如果我有一個夢想,并為之努力,每天干一點,最后我會做出怎樣的成績呢?”
3.單選題
Manyofthemostdamagingandlifethreateningtypesofweathertorrentialrains,severethunderstorms,andtornadoesbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallregionswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternsectionofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.
ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatlocationstypicallyseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.
Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtherawweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystems,automatedweatherinstruments,andsatellitesareallcapableofmakingdetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeregionsatarelativelylowcost.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzethislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.
1.Theword“exceeded”inparagraph1mostprobablymeans______.
2.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause______.
3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“Nowcast”(paragraph3)means______.
4.Accordingtothepassage,______isthekeyfactortomaking“Nowcasts”areality.
5.Accordingtotheauthor,thepassagemainlydealswith______.
問題1選項
A.addedupto
B.weremorethan
C.wereabout
D.werelessthan
問題2選項
A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents
B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit
C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong
D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable
問題3選項
A.awayofcollectingrawweatherdata
B.aforecastwhichcanpredicttheweatherconditionsinthesmallareainanaccurateway
C.anetworktocollectinstantweatherdata
D.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation
問題4選項
A.scientificandtechnologicaladvancessuchasradar,orsatellites
B.computerscientist
C.meteorologists
D.advancedcomputerprograms
問題5選項
A.atornadoinEdmonton,Alberta
B.what’sa“Nowcast”
C.thedisadvantageofconventionalcomputermodelsoftheweatherforecast
D.abreakthroughinweatherforecast
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:D
【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Totaldamagesfromthetornadoexceeded$250million(龍卷風(fēng)造成的總損失超過2.5億美元),說明“exceeded”在文中是指“超過”的意思。因此B選項“超過”正確。A選項“加起來”,C選項“大約”,D選項“少于”均不符合題意,所以A,C,D錯誤。
2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句ConventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshortlivedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullythesubtleatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.(傳統(tǒng)的大氣計算機(jī)模型在預(yù)測像埃德蒙頓龍卷風(fēng)這樣短暫的局部風(fēng)暴方面價值有限,因為可用的天氣數(shù)據(jù)通常不夠詳細(xì),不能讓計算機(jī)仔細(xì)研究這些風(fēng)暴來臨之前微妙的大氣變化。),接著指出conventionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeregionsthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.(傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報模式能夠較好地預(yù)測大范圍的總體天氣情況而不是具體的局部天氣事件),說明傳統(tǒng)的大氣計算機(jī)模型不能很好地預(yù)測龍卷風(fēng)是因為一些小區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)采集不到。因此D選項“一些小區(qū)域的天氣狀況無法獲得”正確。A選項“計算機(jī)不是用來預(yù)測具體的局部事件的”,B選項“計算機(jī)不夠先進(jìn),無法預(yù)測”,C選項“人們收集的天氣數(shù)據(jù)往往是錯誤的”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,B,C錯誤。
3.語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Untilrecently,theobservationintensiveapproachneededforaccurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or“Nowcasts”,wasnotfeasible.(直到最近,用于精確的、非常短期的預(yù)測或“臨近預(yù)報”的觀測密集方法還不可行。),由前面的“accurate,veryshort-rangeforecasts”可以推斷出,“Nowcast”在文中是指“準(zhǔn)確、及時的天氣預(yù)報”的意思。因此B選項“一種可以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測小區(qū)域天氣狀況的預(yù)報”正確。A選項“一種收集原始天氣數(shù)據(jù)的方式”,C選項“一個收集即時天氣數(shù)據(jù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,D選項“一個更先進(jìn)的天氣觀測系統(tǒng)”均不符合題意,所以A,C,D錯誤。
4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.(幸運的是,科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)克服了這些問題中的大多數(shù)。),說明解決及時預(yù)報困難的關(guān)鍵因素是高科技的發(fā)展。因此A選項“科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,如雷達(dá)或衛(wèi)星”正確。B選項“計算機(jī)科學(xué)家”,C選項“氣象學(xué)家”,D選項“先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)程序”均不符合題意,所以B,C,D錯誤。
5.主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了某次龍卷風(fēng)造成的損失,指出傳統(tǒng)的計算機(jī)天氣預(yù)測模式由于沒有詳細(xì)的天氣情況數(shù)據(jù)而不能對類似于龍卷風(fēng)的暴風(fēng)雨做出及時的預(yù)報。接著提出直到最近,由于高科技的發(fā)展解決了人們收集天氣數(shù)據(jù)時的種種問題,才使得Nowcast這種準(zhǔn)確、及時的天氣預(yù)報成為現(xiàn)實,可知文章主要講述了天氣預(yù)報方面的一大突破。因此D選項“天氣預(yù)報的突破性進(jìn)展”最符合文章主旨。A選項“艾伯塔省埃德蒙頓市的一場龍卷風(fēng)”,B選項“什么是Nowcast”,C選項“傳統(tǒng)的天氣預(yù)報計算機(jī)模型的缺點”都只講了文章的某一方面,不能完整地概括文章主旨,所以A,B,C錯誤。
4.單選題
Formostallergies,thebesttreatmentis(
)ofthebother—somesubstancesfromthesensitiveperson’senvironment.
問題1選項
A.dissipation
B.deviation
C.elimination
D.pacification
【答案】C
【解析】名詞辨析。句意:對于大多數(shù)過敏者,最好的治療就是消除過敏源一一些敏感人群環(huán)境的東西。
dissipation浪費;消散;[物]損耗。deviation偏差;誤差;背離。elimination消除;淘汰。pacification和解;平定;講和。
5.單選題
Althoughtheintellectualandartisticachievementsofthisancientcivilizationwere,evenbymodemstandards,extraordinarily(
),itsleveloftechnicalandmechanical
developmentwasbynomeans(
)tothatofmodemtechnology.
問題1選項
A.primitive...superior
B.parable
C.primeval...equivalent
D.influential...subordinate
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項primitive“原始的,非常的”;superior“出眾的,優(yōu)秀的”;B選項sophisticated“復(fù)雜的,精致的”;comparable“可比的”;C選項primeval^原始的”;equivalent
“等價的”;D選項influential“有影響力的”;subordinate“次要的,從屬的”。根據(jù)句意‘雖然這個古代文明的知識和藝術(shù)成就即使按現(xiàn)代的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也相當(dāng)有影響力,但是它的技術(shù)和機(jī)械的發(fā)展絕不遜色于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)。’D選項正確。
6.翻譯題
Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.
42.人們學(xué)會了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品質(zhì),正是這些品質(zhì)使群體生活愉悅美好。在這些品質(zhì)中,最重要的是同情。你若是殘忍地對待動物,你就不大可能對其他人善良體貼。你若是對其他人體貼入微,你就不大可能殘忍冷漠地對待動物。古代的智者寫道“仁者愛人及畜”,原因概出于此。善待動物并不是說我們永遠(yuǎn)不能讓動物承受痛苦。人類自身就是在快樂中、也在痛苦中經(jīng)受鍛煉。因此,有時候也需要用懲罰來訓(xùn)練我們的狗和馬,使他們聽從我們的指令。在醫(yī)生的手下,為了療好創(chuàng)傷或醫(yī)治疾病,我們得忍受痛苦。為了國家的利益,我們派遣最勇敢的人們直面創(chuàng)傷、疾病和死亡。同樣,我們讓戰(zhàn)馬和我們一起親冒矢石。
【答案】Peoplehavelearnedtovaluethequalitiesthateachofthempossessesthatmakegrouplifeenjoyable.Themostimportantofthesequalitiesiscompassion.Ifyouarecrueltoanimals,youarelesslikelytobekindtootherpeople.Ifyoutreatotherpeoplewithconsideration,youarelesslikelytotreatanimalswithcrueltyandinsensitivity.Thisiswhythewisemenofancienttimeswrotethat“benevolentmenlovetheiranimals.”Beingkindtoanimalsdoesnotmeanthatweshouldneverallowanimalstosuffer.Manhimselfisexercisedinpleasureaswellasinpain.Therefore,itissometimesnecessarytousepunishmenttotrainourdogsandhorsestoobeyourcommands.Underthehandsofadoctor,wehavetosufferinordertohealawoundorcureadisease.Wehavesentourbravestmenandwomentofacetrauma,diseaseanddeathinthefaceofwhatisgoodforourcountry.Inthesameway,weletourhorsesmarchwithusthroughthehailofbullets.
7.單選題
Theaudiencewaitedin(
)silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnoteforthefigureshecouldnotremember.
問題1選項
A.respective
B.respect
C.respectful
D.respectable
【答案】C
【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項respective意為“分別的”;B選項respect意為“尊敬,敬重”動詞;C選項respectful“恭敬的,有禮貌的”;D選項respectable“可敬的”。根據(jù)空格前后判斷,根據(jù)“agedspeaker年老的演講者”,可知C選項respectful“恭敬的,有禮貌的”符合語境,句意為:當(dāng)上了年紀(jì)的演講者搜尋筆記尋找他不記得的數(shù)字的時候,觀眾們都充滿敬意地默默等待。因此選項C正確。
8.翻譯題
1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.
2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.
3.在傳統(tǒng)的中國家庭中,成年子女與年長父母生活在一個屋檐下。自1974年中國實行獨生子女政策以來,中國家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化,其中一個變化是核心家庭成為主導(dǎo)。當(dāng)獨生子女因為讀大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開家里時,父母才四五十歲,他們比其他國家育有多個子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合征。他們忽然感到孤獨、悲傷、無用、消沉。
【答案】1.當(dāng)今的技術(shù)人員對可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。這種需求不僅適用于諸如木材、混凝土、鋼鐵以及用于建筑目的的塑料等數(shù)量巨大的材料,也適用于較少但至關(guān)重要,且不易獲得的材料。鈾和鈦這樣一類材料并不大量存在,但它們具有非凡的特性,這使得它們成為某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。
2.計算機(jī)是處理數(shù)據(jù)的電子機(jī)器。數(shù)據(jù)是已被適當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備好以便機(jī)器能夠使用的信息片段或項目。加工指的是對呈現(xiàn)在機(jī)器上的材料進(jìn)行處理或操作,如計算、分類或比較。計算機(jī)是由數(shù)以百萬計的電子設(shè)備組成的,這些設(shè)備可以存儲數(shù)據(jù)或通過具有不同功能的復(fù)雜電路以令人難以置信的速度轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)。
3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.
9.單選題
_____wearehavingthesedays!
問題1選項
A.Whatalovelyweather
B.Whatlovelyweathers
C.Whatlovelyweather
D.Whatlovelyaweather
【答案】C
【解析】考查what感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)。What的用法有:What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語,What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語,weather為不可數(shù)名詞,所以選項C用法正確,其余均表述有誤。
10.單選題
Inasense,thenewprotectionismisnotprotectionismatall,atleastnotinthetraditionalsenseoftheterm.Theoldprotectionismreferredonlytotraderestrictingandtradeexpandingdevices,suchasthetarifforexportsubsidy.Thenewprotectionismismuchbroaderthanthis:itincludesinterventionsintoforeigntradebutisnotlimitedtothem.Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade.Theemphasisontradeisstillthere,thuscametheterm“protection.”Butwhatisnewistherealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.
TheemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworldreflectsthevictoryoftheinterventionist,orwelfareeconomyoverthemarketeconomy.JabTumilerwrites,“Theoldprotectionism...coexisted,withoutanyapparentintellectualdifficultywiththeacceptanceofthemarketasanationalaswellasaninternationaleconomicdistributionmechanism-indeed,protectionistsaswellas(ifnotmorethan)freetradersstoodforlaissezfaire.Now,asinthe1930s,protectionismisanexpressionofaprofoundskepticismastotheabilityofthemarkettodistributeresourcesandincomestosocieties’satisfaction.”Itispreciselythisprofoundskepticismofthemarketeconomythatisresponsiblefortheprotectionism.Inamarketeconomy,economicchangeofvariouscolorsimpliesredistributionofresourcesandincomes.Thesameopinioninmanycommunitiesapparentlyisthatsuchredistributionsoftenarenotproper.Therefore,thegovernmentintervenestobringaboutamoredesiredresult.
ThevictoryofthewelfarestateisalmostcompleteinnorthernEurope.InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.GovernmenttraditionallyhasplayedaveryactiveroleineconomiclifeinFranceandcontinuedtodoso.OnlyWestGermanydarestogoagainstthetidetowardsexcessiveinterventionisminWesternEurope.ItalsohappenstobethemostsuccessfulWesternEuropeaneconomy.
ThewelfarestatehasmadesignificantprogressintheUnitedStatesaswellasinWesternEurope.Socialsecurity,unemploymentinsurance,minimumwagelaws,andrentcontrolarebynowtraditionalwelfarestateelementsontheAmericanscene.
1.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing______.
2.Theword“virtually”(ParA.1)isclosestinmeaningto______.
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTacharacteristicofawelfarestatementionedinthispassage?
4.Whichofthefollowinginferencesistrue,accordingtothispassage?
5.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?
問題1選項
A.thedefinitionofthenewprotectionism
B.thedifferencebetweennewandoldprotectionism
C.theemergenceofthenewprotectionismintheWesternworld
D.thesignificanceofthewelfarestate
問題2選項
A.genuinely
B.really
C.nearly
D.particularly
問題3選項
A.Freeeducationisavailabletoachild
B.Lawsaremadetofixtheminimumwage
C.Ajoblesspersoncanbeinsured
D.Thereareregulationsforrent
問題4選項
A.Theeconomydevelopedfasterinwelfarestatesthaninnon-welfarestates
B.Inthe1930s,protectionismbegantorise
C.Thenewprotectionismissocalledmainlybecauseitisthelatest
D.GovernmentplaysamoreactiveroleineconomiclifeinNorthernEuropethaninGreatBritain
問題5選項
A.Whendidthenewprotectionismarise
B.WhyisthenewprotectionismsopopularinnorthernEuropeancountries
C.Whydoesthegovernmentinterveneineconomiclife
D.DoestheAmericangovernmentplayamoreactiveroleineconomiclifethantheBritishgovernment
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。通讀全文,可知是“新保護(hù)主義”的出現(xiàn)以及產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。A選項“新保護(hù)主義的定義”過于片面,不符合題意,可排除。B選項“新舊保護(hù)主義的區(qū)別”也是講述了一個方面,也可排除。D選項“福利國家的意義”也不符合題意,可排除,因此C選項“西方新保護(hù)主義的興起”正確。
2.詞義辨析題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“therealizationthatvirtuallyallgovernmentactivitiescanaffectinternationaleconomicrelations.”中文翻譯為:幾乎所有政府活動都會影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系。A選項“真誠地;真正地”,B選項“真正地”,C選項“幾乎”,D選項“尤其”。根據(jù)“政府的一切活動都會影響國際經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系”,這句話太過于絕對,可排除A、B選項,D選項與題意不符,也可排除,由此可知C選項正確。
3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“awelfarestate”可定位到文中最后兩段,中文翻譯:福利國家的勝利在北歐幾乎已經(jīng)完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭,政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國,這只是稍微有點不真實。在法國,政府傳統(tǒng)上在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著非常積極的角色,并將繼續(xù)這樣做。只有西德膽敢逆著西歐過度干預(yù)主義的潮流而動。它也是最成功的西歐經(jīng)濟(jì)體。福利國家在美國和西歐都取得了重大進(jìn)展。社會保障、失業(yè)保險、最低工資法和租金管制現(xiàn)在都是美國社會的傳統(tǒng)福利要素。A選項“兒童可以接受免費教育”不符合上述列表。B選項“最低工資法”、C“失業(yè)者投?!薄選項“租房有規(guī)定”均符合美國傳統(tǒng)福利要素。因此A選項正確。
4.推理判斷題。通讀全文,A選項“福利國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)比非福利國家發(fā)展得更快”,文中并未提及,可排除。B選項“20世紀(jì)30年代,保護(hù)主義開始興起”。與句中“在20世紀(jì)30年代,保護(hù)主義是對市場分配資源和收入以使社會滿意的能力的一種深刻懷疑的表現(xiàn)”不符,也可排除。C選項“所謂新保護(hù)主義,主要是因為它是最新的”,理解錯誤,不符合題意,也可排除。D選項“在北歐,政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中扮演著比英國更積極的角色”,可定位到文中第三段“InSweden,Norway,Finland,Denmark,andtheNetherlands,governmentinterventioninalmostallaspectsofeconomicandsociallifeisconsiderednormal.InGreatBritainthisisonlysomewhatlesstrue.”中文翻譯:在瑞典、挪威、芬蘭、丹麥和荷蘭,政府對經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活
幾乎所有方面的干預(yù)都被認(rèn)為是正常的。在英國,這只是稍微有點不真實??赏茰y,英國對于經(jīng)濟(jì)的干涉較少。因此可知D選項正確。
5.主旨大意題。通讀全文,A選項“新的保護(hù)主義是什么時候出現(xiàn)的?”,文章第一段對“新保護(hù)主義的興起”一筆帶過,可排除A選項。B選項“為什么新的保護(hù)主義在北歐國家如此流行?”,理解片面,排除。C選項“政府為什么要干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活?”,可定位到文中第一段“Thenewprotectionism,infact,referstohowthewholeofgovernmentinterventionintotheprivateeconomyaffectsinternationaltrade”中文翻譯:新保護(hù)主義指的是政府對私營經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體干預(yù)如何影響國際貿(mào)易。因此C選項正確。D選項“美國政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中的作用是否比英國政府更為積極?”理解片面,可排除。綜上所述,C選項為正確答案。
11.單選題
ThegeneticcharacteristicsofalllifeformsonearthareembodiedinthechemicalstructureofDNAmolecules.Anorganism’sDNAmoleculesprovideacompleteblueprintforitsphysicalmakeup.GeneticengineeringistheprocessofalteringtheDNAgeneticcodetochangethecharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.Forhundredsofyears,humanshaveengineeredthedevelopmentoffoodcropsanddomesticatedanimalsthroughselectivebreedingpractices.Forexample,themoderndairycowistheresultofcenturiesofcarefullybreedingindividualanimalsthatcarriedthegenetictraitforhighmilkproduction.However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast.ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicingbecauseitinvolvesdisassemblingtheDNAmoleculeandthenrecombiningorsplicingthepiecesaccordingtoanewpattern.Thegene-splicedDNAmoleculemayhaveageneticcodethathasneverexistedbefore.
AlthoughrecombinantDNAtechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,ithasalreadydemonstrateditsvalue.Newcropbreedsproducedbythisprocessarealreadygrowinginfarmers’fields.Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.Scientistsaretryingtousegeneticengineeringtoproduceimportantdrugssuchasinsulin(胰島素)andinterferon(干擾素)cheaply.Theyarealsoworkingonageneticallyengineeredgenerationofwonderdrugstocombatcancerandotherkillerdiseases.However,therecombinantDNAtechnologybringswithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.Thepossibilityofalteringhumangeneticstructureraisesseriousmoral,political,andsocialissues.Geneticengineeringillustratesdramaticallythepromisesanddangersoftechnologicaldevelopment.Thedecisionsoursocietymakesaboutgeneticengineeringwillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesintheyearstocome.
11.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_____.
12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutrecombinantDNAtechnology?
13.Theword“alleviate”(Para.2)isnearestinmeaningto_____.
14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.
15.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsgenetictechnologiesis_____.
問題1選項
A.TheBasicFunctionofGeneticEngineering
B.NewApplicationsofGeneticEngineering
C.RecombinantDNATechnology,ANewProcessinGeneticEngineering
D.ThePromises&DangersofTechnologicalDevelopment
問題2選項
A.Itcanbringaboutrapidandradicalgeneticchangesinlifeforms.
B.ItcanbeusedtorestructureDNAmoleculestoproducenewdesiredplantandanimalbreeds.
C.Itmayincreasetheriskofproducingsomeunexpecteddiseases.
D.Itprovesaneffectivewaytocurecancerandotherincurablediseases.
問題3選項
A.relieve
B.avoid
C.eliminate
D.terminate
問題4選項
A.therewillinevitablybeaheateddebateoverthegeneralapplicationoftherecombinantDNAtechnology
B.theuseoftherecombinantDNAtechnologyonhumanbeingswillbeforbidden
C.therecombinantDNAtechnologycanbetracedbacktohundredsofyearsago
D.seriousdilemmasmaybegeneratedwhenitisusedtomodifyhumangeneticcode
問題5選項
A.enthusiastic
B.indifferent
C.critical
D.objective
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】11.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu),文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu),第一段的中心句倒數(shù)第二句ThisnewprocessiscommonlycalledrecombinantDNAtechnologyorgenesplicing…“這種新進(jìn)展通常被稱為重組DNA技術(shù)或基因剪接”,由此可知,這里提到基因重組技術(shù)是科技發(fā)展的一種新進(jìn)展。第二段主要講的是這種新技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢和潛在的問題,由此可知答案選C選項“重組DNA技術(shù),基因工程的新進(jìn)展”。
A選項“基因工程的基本功能”,這是文章第一段的主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。
B選項“基因工程的新應(yīng)用”,文章沒有提到基因工程拓展到了哪些領(lǐng)域,這里屬于無中生有。
D選項“技術(shù)發(fā)展的前景和危險”,這是文章第二段的主要內(nèi)容,這里屬于以偏概全。
12.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。
A選項“它能給生命形式帶來迅速而徹底的基因變化”,定位到第一段第七句話However,newtechnologymakesitpossible.ForscientiststorestructuretheDNAmoleculesthemselvesandthusobtainmorerapidandmoreradicalgeneticchangesthanwerepossibleinthepast“然而,新技術(shù)使之成為可能。使科學(xué)家能夠重組DNA分子本身,從而獲得比過去更快速、更徹底的基因變化”,從這里可知A選項正確,所以不選。
B選項“它可以用來重組DNA分子,以產(chǎn)生新的所需的植物和動物品種”,定位到第一段第四句Throughtheprocess,scientistscanliterallybuildtoordernewlifeformsthatperformdesiredfunctions.(通過這個過程,科學(xué)家們真的可以建造新的生命形式來執(zhí)行所需的功能),從這里可知B選項正確,所以不選。
C選項“它可能會增加產(chǎn)生一些意想不到的疾病的風(fēng)險”,定位到第二段倒數(shù)第四句話Genesplicingcouldproducenewdiseasemicroorganisms,deadlytousortotheplantsandanimalsuponwhichwedepend.“基因剪接可能產(chǎn)生新的致病微生物,對我們或我們所依賴的動植物都是致命的”,從這里可知C選項正確,所以不選。
D選項“它被證明是治療癌癥和其他不治之癥的有效方法”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有,所以答案選D選項。
13.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】詞匯推斷題:第一步,句中前后信息銜接,定位到第二段第三句Cropsthataregeneticallyengineeredtoresistpests,diseases,anddroughtcouldbeimportantineffortstoalleviatestarvationaroundtheworld.“轉(zhuǎn)基因作物能夠抵抗害蟲、疾病
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