考研考博-英語-仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

TheBrownslivedina（

）andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confess

B.sufficient

C.wide

D.wretched

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊區(qū)寬敞而且設(shè)施齊全的房子里。Confess“懺悔”，動(dòng)詞；sufficient“足夠的”；wide“寬敞的”；wretched“可憐的”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally（

）tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeoff

B.brokedown

C.brokeout

D.brokethrough

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)breakoff“（使）分離”；B選項(xiàng)breakdown“失敗”；C選項(xiàng)breakout“突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突圍，突破”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知句子前面表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由failedmanytimes（多次失?。┡cfinally（最終）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：史密斯醫(yī)生失敗了很多次，但他最終突破了，找到了解決問題的成功方法。

3.單選題

Didyouknowthatyoucouldbestingonafortunewithoutevenrealizingit?Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youhavenoideathatyouprobablyhaveitemsofvalueputawaythatcouldputdollarsinyourpocket.

That’sexactlywhyTonyHyman,Ed.D.,oneofAmerican’stoptenauthoritiesoncollectibles(收藏品)andthehostofthe#1radioantiquesandcollectiblescall-inQ&Ashow,wrotehisbookTrashorTreasure.“Thisbookhasonlyonepurpose:tomakemoneyforitsreaders,”saysHyman,whohasauthored11otherbooksonsellingcollectibles,andhasappearedoneverymajorTVtalkshow.

“TrashorTreasurecanmakeyourich,”saysAnitaGold,oneofthecountry’sforemostcolumnistsoncollectibles.“It’sbetterthanbuyingalotteryticket—youcan’tlosewiththisbook.”

ElsieGordon,fromFlorida,made$250bygoingthroughthetrashafterherhusbandhadcleanedoutthegarage.Sheoriginallythoughtthattheoldcarpartsandoilymanualsshe’drescuedmightbeworth$10.

There’sonlyonewaytoknowyouifwhatyouhaveistrashortreasure.Youhavetoaskaqualifiedexpert.That’swhyDr.Hyman’sbookisinvaluable:Itleadsyoustraightto1,200specialtybuyerswhoareactivelylookingforyourdust-gatherers.

TrashorTreasure,whichhassoldnearly250,000copies,istheonlybookofitskind.Foritnotonlytellsyouwhatyouhavethatcouldbeofvalue,ittellsyouwhotosellitto,wherethey’relocated,andhowtohandlethetransaction.AllyouhavetodoisfilloutSell-A-Gramincludedwiththebook.

TrashorTreasuregivesyoualltheinformationyouneedtotradeinyourtrashforcash.Let’sfaceit.Youcan’taffordtopassupthatopportunity.

1.Whatdoes“authored”(Par.2,lastsentence)mean?

2.FromwhatAntaGoldsaidwecaninferthat________.

3.Whatdoes“dust-gatherers”(Par.5,lastsentence)mean?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthebook?

5.Thistextislikelytobe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Beenanauthorityon.

B.Authorized.

C.Givenuptherightto.

D.Written.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.youmaylosealotteryticketbutyouwon’tlosethisbook

B.youmayspendmoneyandgetnothingbackwhenyoubuyalotterytickerbutyoucanalwaysgetsomethingbackwhenyoubuythisbook

C.youmaybelateforgettingmoneyfromalotteryticketbutyoucan’twhenyoubuythisbook

D.youmaynotdoaswellasotherswhenyoubuyalotteryticketbutyouwillbeasgoodasanybodyelsewhenyoubuythisbook

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thingsonwhichdustgathers.

B.Peoplehiredtohelpclearawaythetrash.

C.Peopleemployedtoemptythedustbin.

D.Thingsonecollectswhengatheringuptrash.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Wherethespecialtybuyersarelocated.

B.Whatmightbeofvalue.

C.Whenthespecialtybuyershandletransaction.

D.Whowouldbuyvaluablecollectibles.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aprefacetoabook

B.abookreview

C.adviceprovidedbythesocialservices

D.anadvertisement

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。authored意思為“寫作；編寫”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句whohasauthored11otherbooksonsellingcollectibles（寫了另外11本關(guān)于出售收藏品的書），這里authored搭配books，D選項(xiàng)“寫”比較符合語境，也和authored詞義相近。A選項(xiàng)“是某方面的權(quán)威”，B選項(xiàng)“批準(zhǔn)，授權(quán)”和C選項(xiàng)“放棄權(quán)利”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TrashorTreasurecanmakeyourich,”…“It’sbetterthanbuyingalotteryticket—youcan’tlosewiththisbook.”（“《垃圾還是寶藏》可以讓你變得富有，”……“這比買彩票好——你不會(huì)因?yàn)閾碛羞@本書而失去什么?！保?，文章寫的是賣廢品為財(cái)富，運(yùn)用這本書的內(nèi)容會(huì)讓人增加財(cái)富，更不會(huì)因?yàn)檫@本書失去什么，所以B選項(xiàng)“你可能花了很多錢買彩票，卻什么也得不到，但是如果你買這本書，總會(huì)得到些什么”正確。A選項(xiàng)“你可能會(huì)失去一張彩票，但不會(huì)失去這本書”，C選項(xiàng)“可能買彩票你來晚了，但是買這本書不會(huì)晚”和D選項(xiàng)“如果你買彩票，可能不會(huì)像他人一樣優(yōu)秀，但是如果你買這本書，就會(huì)和其他人一樣優(yōu)秀”不符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句That’swhyDr.Hyman’sbookisinvaluable:Itleadsyoustraightto1,200specialtybuyerswhoareactivelylookingforyourdust-gatherers.（這就是為什么海曼博士的書是無價(jià)的：它直接把你帶到1200個(gè)專業(yè)買家面前，而他們正在積極地尋找你的灰塵收集器。），這些專家專門收購(gòu)垃圾，所以D選項(xiàng)“收集垃圾的東西”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“積灰塵的東西”，B選項(xiàng)“受雇幫助清理垃圾的人”和C選項(xiàng)“被雇傭來清空垃圾箱的人”不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第二句Foritnotonlytellsyouwhatyouhavethatcouldbeofvalue,ittellsyouwhotosellitto,wherethey’relocated,andhowtohandlethetransaction.（因?yàn)樗粌H告訴你你擁有什么可能有價(jià)值的東西，還告訴你把它賣給誰，他們?cè)谀睦?，以及如何處理交易。），可知這本書的內(nèi)容有A選項(xiàng)“專業(yè)買家的所在地”，B選項(xiàng)“可能有價(jià)值的東西”和D選項(xiàng)“誰會(huì)買有價(jià)值的收藏品”，C選項(xiàng)“專業(yè)買家什么時(shí)候處理交易”不包含在內(nèi)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。這篇文章介紹了TrashorTreasure這本書，也介紹了這本書的作者和內(nèi)容，而沒有對(duì)這本書的評(píng)價(jià)，所以A選項(xiàng)“書的序言”正確。B選項(xiàng)“書評(píng)”、C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)給的意見”和D選項(xiàng)“廣告”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreaterorlesserextent,notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain.Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality,andthisinturnleadstofurthersharing.Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.

Iftheprocessgoestoofarandman’sroleisregardedaslessimportant—andthathashappenedinsomecasesweareasbadlyoffasbefore,onlyinreverse.

ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.Whatweneed,rather,istherecognitionthatbringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals.

Therearesignsthatpsychiatrists,psychologists,socialworkers,andspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecreditnotalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.Wearebeginning,however,toanalyzemen’splaceinthehomeandtoinsistthathedoeshaveaplaceinit.Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.

Thefamilyisacooperativeenterpriseforwhichitisdifficulttolaydownrules,becauseeachfamilyneedstoworkoutitsownwaysforsolvingitsownproblems.

Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences,whetheritwearsskirtsortrousers,andtheidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheauthorisveryconcernedwiththerolethat____________.

2.Theauthormeanstotellusthat____________.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,ahealthyfamilyshouldbebasedon____________.

4.Whowillbenefitmostfromafamilypatternofsharingintasksanddecisions?

5.Wemaysafelyconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.parentsplayinbringinguptheirchildren

B.menplayinafamily

C.womenplayinafamily

D.equalityplaysinafamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.aman’splaceisinthehome

B.awoman’splaceisinthehome

C.awomanshouldbeequaltoaman

D.amanshouldhaveanequalshareinfamilymatters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.momism

C.authoritarianism

D.neo-popism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thechildren.

B.Theman.

C.Thewoman.

D.Thepsychologist.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.malesuperioritymaintainsahealthyfamily

B.authorityanddemocracyareveryessentialtoahealthyfamily

C.authoritarianismdoessomegoodtoahealthyfamily

D.womenshouldneverequaltomen

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句ItistimetoreassesstheroleofthemanintheAmericanfamily.（是時(shí)候重新評(píng)估男人在美國(guó)家庭中的角色了），可見在這篇文章中偏重講男性在家庭中的角色，故B選項(xiàng)“男人在家庭中的角色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“父母在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過程中的角色”：文章主題不是怎樣撫養(yǎng)孩子，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女性在家庭中的角色”和D選項(xiàng)“家庭中的平等地位”：相對(duì)于女性和男女平等，重新定位男性在家庭中的角色在本文是重點(diǎn)，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thepatternofsharingintasksandindecisionsmakesforequality（分擔(dān)任務(wù)和決策的模式促進(jìn)了平等）和第三句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasily（在這樣的家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念），可知作者認(rèn)為在家務(wù)事當(dāng)中，男女應(yīng)該平等，故D選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該在家庭事務(wù)中擁有平等的份額”正確。A選項(xiàng)“男人應(yīng)該待在家里”：文中沒有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該待在家里”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’splaceisthehome.（我們幾乎已經(jīng)放棄了女人應(yīng)該待在家里的說法。），可知作者不認(rèn)為女性應(yīng)該待在家里，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“女人應(yīng)該和男人平等”：本文中的平等主要是指在家庭事務(wù)中平等付出，而不是地位平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段第一句Thefamilyisacooperativeenterprise（家庭是一個(gè)協(xié)作的事業(yè)），可知作者認(rèn)為在家庭中協(xié)作很重要，故A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)作”正確。B選項(xiàng)“媽媽主義”和D選項(xiàng)“新爸爸主義”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Wearegettingalittletiredofmomism—butwedon’twanttoexchangeitforaneo-popism.（我們對(duì)媽媽主義有點(diǎn)厭倦了——但我們不想用新爸爸主義來代替），可知作者不贊同媽媽主義和新爸爸主義，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義”：根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences（過度的獨(dú)裁主義會(huì)產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果），可知作者不贊同獨(dú)裁主義，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Insuchahome,thegrowingboyandgirllearntoacceptthatequalitymoreeasilythandidtheirparentsandtopreparemorefullyforparticipationinaworldcharacterizedbycooperationratherthanbythebattleofthesexes.（在這樣的家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們的父母更容易接受平等的觀念，也更容易做好充分準(zhǔn)備去參與合作而非性別斗爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)。），第三段最后一句bringingupchildreninvolvesapartnershipofequals（撫養(yǎng)孩子需要一種平等的合作關(guān)系）和第四段最后一句Noristhatplaceirrelevanttothehealthydevelopmentofthechild.（這與孩子的健康發(fā)展也不無關(guān)系），可知作者在不同的地方強(qiáng)調(diào)父母共同承擔(dān)家務(wù)對(duì)孩子的好處和必要，而沒有單獨(dú)提到對(duì)其他人的直接好處，故A選項(xiàng)“孩子們”正確。B選項(xiàng)“男性”，C選項(xiàng)“女性”和D選項(xiàng)“心理學(xué)家”文章都沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)受到的益處，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段Excessiveauthoritarianismhasunhappyconsequences…theidealofequalrightsandequalresponsibilitiesisconnectednotonlywithahealthydemocracy,butalsowithahealthyfamily（過度的獨(dú)裁主義會(huì)產(chǎn)生不愉快的后果……平等的權(quán)利責(zé)任的理想不僅與健康的民主息息相關(guān)，而且與健康的家庭息息相關(guān)。），可知權(quán)利責(zé)任和民主對(duì)家庭關(guān)系的健康很重要，B選項(xiàng)“職權(quán)和民主對(duì)健康的家庭非常重要”正確，C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)裁主義對(duì)健康的家庭有好處”錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“男尊女卑能維持家庭健康”和D選項(xiàng)“女人永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該和男人平等”：根據(jù)第一段第一句notionsofmalesuperiorityarehardtomaintain（大男子主義是很難維持），可知男尊女卑不能維持家庭健康，結(jié)合社會(huì)普遍把家務(wù)放在女性身上，可知男女應(yīng)該平等，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Lastmonth,MarsandEarthwereattheclosestpointsintheir（）orbits.Thedistancebetweenthetwoworldswas68millionkilometers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.respective

C.rigid

D.reverse

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。identical"恒一的,完全相同的";respective"各自的,分別的";rigid"嚴(yán)格的,僵硬的";reverse"反面的"。句意：上個(gè)月火星和地球在各自軌道上的距離最近,兩個(gè)世界之間的距離是6800萬公里。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

英國(guó)食品安全機(jī)構(gòu)本周日稱，一年前，3個(gè)歐盟國(guó)家已經(jīng)得到關(guān)于馬肉問題的通知。這些通知于2012年2月1日、15日和3月7日發(fā)出，通知特別指出了丹麥、匈牙利和意大利應(yīng)當(dāng)調(diào)查關(guān)于馬肉的問題。它還在歐盟的食品和飼料快速警告系統(tǒng)中發(fā)布。

【答案】Britain’sfoodsafetyagencysaidonSundaythatthreeEuropeanUnioncountrieshadbeennotifiedaboutthehorsemeatproblemayearago.Thenotices,issuedon1February,15March2012and7March2012,specificallystatedthatDenmark,HungaryandItalyshouldinvestigatetheissueofhorsemeat.ItisalsopublishedintheEU’sRapidWarningsystemforfoodandfeed.

7.單選題

ReformingtheSocialSecurityretirementprogramisanissueofenormouspracticalimportance.YetitremainsthemissingpieceinAmericanpolicyanalysis.AtatimewhentheCongressandtheAdministrationareconsideringwaystoreformwelfare,Medicare,Medicaid,andtheincometax,electedofficialsarestillunwillingtoconfronttheseriousproblemsofourSocialSecuritysystem.Eventually,however,itsdeterioratingfinancialconditionwillforcemajorreforms.Whetherthosereformsaregoodorbad,whethertheydealwiththebasiceconomicproblemsofthesystemormerelyprotectthesolvencyofexistinginstitutionalarrangementswilldependinpartonwhetherwe,aseconomists,providetheappropriateintellectualframeworkforanalyzingreformalternatives.

Majorpolicychangesthataffectthepublicatlargecanonlyhappeninourdemocracy,whenthereiswidespreadpublicsupportforthenewdirectionofpolicy.Inthefieldofeconomics,theviewsofthemedia,ofotherprivate-sectoropinionleaders,andofpoliticiansandtheiradvisers,dependverymuchontheirperceptionofwhateconomistsbelievefeasibleandcorrect.Fundamentalpolicyreformsinacomplexarealikesocialsecurityalsorequirethedevelopmentoftechnicalexpertise,bothinandoutofgovernment,abouttheoptionsforchangeandtheirlikelyconsequences.Fortunately,anexpandinggroupofeconomistsisnowthinkingandwritingaboutsocialsecurityreform.Myremarkstodaygreatlybenefitfromwhattheyhavewrittenandfrommyconversationswithmanyofthem.

IbegantodomyresearchontheeffectsofSocialSecurityreformnearly25yearsago(Feldstein,1974,1975).AcentralconceptinmyanalysisofSocialSecurityhasbeenthenotionof“SocialSecuritywealth”,whichIdefinedasthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefitstowhichthecurrentadultpopulationwillbeentitledatage65(orarealreadyentitledtoiftheyareolderthan65)minusthepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxesthattheywillpaybeforereachingthatage.SocialSecuritywealthhasnowgrowntoabout$11trillionormorethan1.5timesGDP.Sincethisisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountry,thevalueofSocialSecuritywealthsubstantiallyexceedsallotherassetsforthevastmajorityofAmericanhouseholds.Intheaggregate,SocialSecuritywealthexceedsthree-fourthsofallprivatefinancialwealth,asconventionallymeasured.

SocialSecuritywealthisofcoursenotrealwealthbutonlyaclaimoncurrentandfuturetaxpayers.Insteadoflabelingthiskeymagnitude“SocialSecuritywealth”,Icouldhavecalleditthenation’s“SocialSecurityliability”.Likeordinarygovernmentdebt,SocialSecuritywealthhasthepowertocrowdoutprivatecapitalaccumulation,andSocialSecuritywealthwillcontinuetogrowaslongasourcurrentsystemremainsunchangeddisplacinganeverlargerstockofcapital.

The$11trillionSocialSecurityliabilityisthreetimesaslargeastheofficialnationaldebt.AlthoughIcertainlywelcomethecurrentpoliticaleffortstoshrinkfuturebudgetdeficits,itisworthnotingthat,evenifthetraditionaldeficitiseliminatedintheyear2002,sothatthenationaldebtisthennolongerincreasing,thenationaldebtintheformoftheSocialSecurityliabilityislikelytoincreasethatyearbyabout$300billion.

Lookingfurtherintothefuture,theaggregateSocialSecurityliabilitywillgrowasthepopulationexpands,asitbecomesrelativelyolder,andasincomerises.Governmentactuariespredictthat,underexistinglaw,thetaxraterequiredtopayeachyear’sSocialSecuritybenefitwillriseoverthenext50yearsfromthepresentlevelofslightlylessthan12percenttomorethan18percent,andperhapstoasmuchas23percent.

1.Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.

2.Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“alternatives”refersto____.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,majorpolicychangescanonlyhappenin____.

4.Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.

5.ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.

6.Ratherthanwealth,thiskeymagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

C.majorpolicychangesintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

D.governmentdebtintheSocialSecurityretirementprogram

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.courses

B.thoughts

C.people

D.occasions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.socialsecuritywealthintheUnitedStates

B.democraticcountries

C.acountrywhereandwhenopinionupholdschange

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areaquestionofpersonalstyle

B.representvitalnewinformation

C.identitytheauthor

D.refertoadifferentauthor

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65

B.doesnotapplytobenefitsafterage65

C.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65

D.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeago

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.ithasnowgrownto$11trillion

B.itisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountry

C.itgrowssteadilythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapital

D.itisadebttobepaid

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thedeteriorationfinancialconditionreferredtowascausedby____.文中提到的財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化是由____造成的。

A.apooreconomicapproachtotheSocialSecurityretirementprogramA.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法

B.thereformofwelfareintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramB.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革

C.majorpolicychangesintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramC.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的重大政策變化

D.governmentdebtintheSocialSecurityretirementprogramD.社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的政府債務(wù)

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞deteriorationfinancialcondition定位到原文第1段第4句，該句提到“其日益惡化的財(cái)政狀況（itsdeterioratingfinancialcondition）最終（Eventually）將迫使其進(jìn)行重大改革（majorreforms）。”由此可知，后文介紹的應(yīng)該是財(cái)政狀況惡化的結(jié)果——改革，因此，導(dǎo)致財(cái)政狀況惡化的原因應(yīng)該去前文中找。前一句提到“當(dāng)國(guó)會(huì)和政府正在考慮如何改革社會(huì)福利、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助和所得稅時(shí)，官員們?nèi)匀徊辉敢饷鎸?duì)我們社會(huì)保障體系的嚴(yán)重問題?！庇纱丝芍?，在討論制定社會(huì)保障計(jì)劃時(shí)，政府官員們的方法不當(dāng)，不愿意處理社會(huì)保障體系中的嚴(yán)重問題，由此最終導(dǎo)致需要進(jìn)行改革。A選項(xiàng)“制定社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃的糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)方法”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的福利改革”，根據(jù)【解題思路】可知，“改革”是“財(cái)政狀況惡化”的結(jié)果，而本題詢問的是“財(cái)政狀況惡化”的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于因果倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的重大政策變化”，“重大政策變化”可定位到原文第2段第1句，該句提到“只有當(dāng)新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持時(shí)，才能發(fā)生影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化”，與本題無關(guān)；

D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)保障退休計(jì)劃中的政府債務(wù)”，“政府債務(wù)”是原文第4-6段的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)原文可知，與本題無關(guān)。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,theword“alternatives”refersto____.第一段的最后一句中“alternatives”指的是____。

A.coursesA.課程；路線

B.thoughtsB.想法；看法

C.peopleC.人民

D.occasionsD.重大場(chǎng)合

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推理題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefirstparagraph和thelastsentence定位到原文最后一段最后一句，該句提到“這些改革是好是壞，是解決體系的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，還是僅僅保護(hù)現(xiàn)有制度安排的償付能力，將部分取決于我們，作為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，是否提供適當(dāng)?shù)闹R(shí)框架來分析____?！痹~alternatives的本義為“可供替代的選擇”，在這里應(yīng)該指的是一些供選擇的改革方案（reformalternatives）。D選項(xiàng)occasions可以指重大的社會(huì)事件或場(chǎng)合，reformoccasions指的是“改革”這件事，與原文的語義最接近。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)courses“課程；路線”、B選項(xiàng)thoughts“想法；看法”、C選項(xiàng)people“人民”完全不符合原文語義。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtotheauthor,majorpolicychangescanonlyhappenin____.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，主要的政策變化只能發(fā)生在____。

A.socialsecuritywealthintheUnitedStatesA.美國(guó)的社會(huì)保障財(cái)富

B.democraticcountriesB.民主國(guó)家

C.acountrywhereandwhenopinionupholdschangeC.在一個(gè)輿論支持改變的國(guó)家

D.alloftheaboveD.以上所有

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞majorpolicychanges定位到原文第2段第一句，該句提到“在我們的民主體制中，只有在新的政策方向得到公眾的廣泛支持（publicsupport）時(shí)，影響廣大公眾的重大政策變化（Majorpolicychanges）才能發(fā)生（canonlyhappeninourdemocracy）?！庇纱丝芍挥挟?dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家的民眾支持政策變革時(shí)，重大的政策變化才能發(fā)生，C選項(xiàng)“在一個(gè)輿論支持改變的國(guó)家”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”，雖然本文的話題是社會(huì)保障，但是原文并沒有說作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)的重大政策只能發(fā)生在社會(huì)保障的財(cái)富領(lǐng)域，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“民主國(guó)家”，如果選擇了這個(gè)選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該是對(duì)原文inourdemocracy理解有誤差，原文中，inourdemocracy應(yīng)該是整個(gè)句子的狀語，指在我們這個(gè)民主國(guó)家，重大的政策變化只能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)候，而不是說只能發(fā)生在我們這個(gè)民主國(guó)家，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“以上所有”，A、B選項(xiàng)都不滿足，該項(xiàng)也不能選。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inparagraphthree,thenameandthedatesbetweenparentheses____.在第三段中，括號(hào)里的名字和日期____。

A.areaquestionofpersonalstyleA.是個(gè)人風(fēng)格的問題

B.representvitalnewinformationB.代表重要的新信息

C.identitytheauthorC.標(biāo)明作者的身份

D.refertoadifferentauthorD.指向一個(gè)不同的作者

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inparagraphthree定位到原文第3段。本段第一句提到“近25年前，我開始研究社會(huì)保障改革的影響（費(fèi)爾德斯坦，1974，1975）?！痹谡撐闹校ǔ?huì)使用括號(hào)中標(biāo)明作者和日期的格式，來提示這是該作者該時(shí)間的研究。原文中括號(hào)里的名字和日期是為了表明關(guān)于社會(huì)保障改革的影響的研究是費(fèi)爾德斯坦在1974到1975年的著作。C選項(xiàng)“標(biāo)明作者的身份”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是個(gè)人風(fēng)格的問題”，表述錯(cuò)誤，這種做法是慣例；

B選項(xiàng)“代表重要的新信息”，表述錯(cuò)誤，原文中作者已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明這是他自己25年前的研究，所以不屬于新信息；

D選項(xiàng)“指向一個(gè)不同的作者”，表述錯(cuò)誤，是同一個(gè)作者。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThedefinitionofSocialSecuritywealth____.社會(huì)保障財(cái)富的定義____。

A.appliestothebenefitspayablebeforeage65A.適用于65歲之前可支付的福利

B.doesnotapplytobenefitsafterage65B.不適用于65歲之后的福利

C.includesthepresentactuarialvaluepaidbeforeage65C.包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值

D.wasformulatedtwoandahalfdecadeagoD.是25年前形成的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞definitionofSocialSecuritywealth定位到原文第3段。本段第1句提到“差不多25年前（nearly25yearsago），我開始研究社會(huì)保障改革的影響?！痹摱蔚?句提到“在我對(duì)社會(huì)保障的分析中（inmyanalysisofSocialSecurity），一個(gè)中心概念是‘社會(huì)保障財(cái)富’，我把它定義為（whichIdefinedas）社會(huì)保障福利的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritybenefits）（現(xiàn)在的成年人在65歲時(shí)將有權(quán)享受或65歲以上的老年人已經(jīng)享受了）減去（minus）他們?cè)谶_(dá)到那個(gè)年齡之前支付的社會(huì)保障稅的精算現(xiàn)值（thepresentactuarialvalueoftheSocialSecuritytaxes）?！庇纱丝芍?，關(guān)于“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”的概念是作者在他25年前的一份研究中定義的。D選項(xiàng)“是25年前形成的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“適用于65歲之前可支付的福利”，由【解題思路】可知，根據(jù)定義，65歲之前交稅，65歲及65歲以上才可能有資格享受福利，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于偷換概念；

B選項(xiàng)“不適用于65歲之后的福利”，表述錯(cuò)誤，定義適用于65歲之后的福利，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“包括65歲以前支付的精算現(xiàn)值”，表述錯(cuò)誤，由【解題思路】可知，“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富”的定義為“65歲及65歲以后享受到的福利的精算現(xiàn)值減去這些人65歲以前交的稅的精算現(xiàn)值”，它是一個(gè)差額，而不是單獨(dú)的某一個(gè)精算現(xiàn)值，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第6題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Ratherthanwealth,thiskeymagnitudemaybeconstruedasaliabilitybecause____.這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的量度可能被理解為負(fù)債而不是財(cái)富，因?yàn)開___。

A.ithasnowgrownto$11trillionA.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到11萬億美元了

B.itisequivalenttomorethan$50,000foreveryadultinthecountryB.對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)成年人來說相當(dāng)于5萬多美元

C.itgrowssteadilythroughtheaccumulationofprivatecapitalC.它通過私人資本的積累而穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)

D.itisadebttobepaidD.這是一筆需要償還的債

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問的是為什么把它稱之為“負(fù)債”而不是“財(cái)富”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞wealth、magnitude和liability定位到原文第4段第2句，該句提到“我本可以稱其為國(guó)家的‘社會(huì)保障負(fù)債’，而不是將其稱為‘社會(huì)保障財(cái)富’?！倍髡哒f這句話的背景是，前一句提到“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富當(dāng)然不是真正的財(cái)富（notrealwealth），而只是（butonly）對(duì)當(dāng)前和未來納稅人的一種要求（aclaim）?！庇纱丝芍?，之所以把它稱之為“負(fù)債”是因?yàn)樗枰{稅人交稅，相當(dāng)于一筆要償還的債務(wù)，D選項(xiàng)“這是一筆需要償還的債”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)到11萬億美元了”，表述正確，但與本題無關(guān)；

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)成年人來說相當(dāng)于5萬多美元”，表述正確，但與本題無關(guān)；

C選項(xiàng)“它通過私人資本的積累而穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)”，表述錯(cuò)誤，原文第4段最后一句提到“社會(huì)保障財(cái)富有能力將私人資本積累擠出?！庇纱丝芍?，它并不是通過私人資本積累而增長(zhǎng)的。

8.翻譯題

我所提出的語言時(shí)空觀確認(rèn)：語言學(xué)并不僅僅在于認(rèn)識(shí)語音、語法、詞匯、語義、語境等等一系列單一的現(xiàn)象或組合現(xiàn)象，而且更為重要的還在于認(rèn)識(shí)包含時(shí)間要素和空間要素在內(nèi)的語言整體存在構(gòu)件，研究它的組織以及因?yàn)檫@些組織而形成的語言生存狀態(tài)。實(shí)際上，時(shí)間和空間在語言的整體構(gòu)建中是符合自然的、永恒而無以更替的實(shí)在。我并不否認(rèn)語言學(xué)界對(duì)時(shí)間和空間所予以的關(guān)注，但是，正如我上文中指出的那樣，時(shí)間和空間在語言存在重的含義還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有得到清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)或明確的界定，他們?cè)谡Z言存在重的位置和價(jià)值還沒有得到合理的指認(rèn)。

【答案】

ThetimeandspaceviewpointsoflanguagethatIproposedmakessurethat:linguisticsdoesnotonlyrecognizeaseriesofsingleorcombinedphenomenonlikepronunciation,grammar,vocabulary,semanticsandcontextandsoon.Themoresignificantpartistorecognizethewholeexistedlingualstructureincludingtimeandspaceelements,andtostudyitsorganizationandthelingualsurvivalstatusformedbythisorganization.Inreality,timeandspacearenatural,externalandirreplaceablerealityinthewholelingualstructurebuilding.ButIdoesn’tdenytheattentionthatlinguisticsfieldpaystothetimeandspace,themeaningoftimeandspaceexistinginlinguisticsisfarfrombeingunderstoodanddefinedclearlyasIpointedabove.Theirlocationandvalueexistinginlinguisticsarenotidentified.

9.單選題

Intheearly1990svariousmeasureswere（

）toencouragesavings,stimulateinvestmentandmotivateworkereffort.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implemented

B.imparted

C.complimented

D.exploited

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。implement“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行”；impart“給予”；compliment“恭維，稱贊”；exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”。句意：二十世紀(jì)九十年代早期社會(huì)實(shí)施各種措施來鼓勵(lì)存款，刺激投資以及激發(fā)工作的積極性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.單選題

Thoughthe37-year-oldmanhadobserved300differentspottydogsforonly2hours,hecouldrecall（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatfeatureseachdoghad

B.whatfeatureshadeachdog

C.whathadfeatureseachdog

D.whatfeatureshadeachdoghad

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺賓語，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatfeatureseachdoghad是個(gè)正確的從句，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語，句意為：盡管這位37歲的男子對(duì)300只不同的斑點(diǎn)狗只觀察了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，但他能回憶起每只狗的特點(diǎn)。故答案選A，其他幾項(xiàng)語序有誤。

11.單選題

Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasilybythedivisionoflabor.Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencookedthemealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroleswerefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuchopportunityforwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butbythemiddleofthiscentury,men’sandwomen’sroleswerebecominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthetypicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalledthecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdidnotvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculturepresentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmoreinterestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtaskswiththeirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedtocommunalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcareresponsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleofsoldier.SomeyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldierstofightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylargegroupofpeople.ButitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsofAmericansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochangetheireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersandbusinessexecutivesalikecutdownon“overtime”worksothattheycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Somedoctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpayingsituationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorerneighborhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen’sliberation,producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofallagesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforceingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen’sjobsaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarialwork.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionallymaleoccupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstructionwork.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunitiesforpromotion.

Todaytheexpertsgenerallyagreethatimportantchangesaretakingplaceintherolesofmenandwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

andwomen.Naturally,therearedifficultiesinadjustingtothesetransformations.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph1?

2.WhichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?

3.Inthepassagetheauthorproposesthatthecounterculture______.

4.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages.

B.Menandwomen’sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast.

C.Men’srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen’s.

D.Menandwomen’sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthepast.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thefirstsentence.

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences.

C.Thefourthsentence.

D.Thelastsentence.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.transfonnedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtoexchangetheirtraditionalmaleroles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehouseholdresponsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthaneverbefore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ResultsofFeministMovements

B.NewinfluenceinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsconsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由文章第一段中Menworkedoutsidethehomeandearnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencooked