考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)隴橋?qū)W院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-蘭州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)隴橋?qū)W院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Politicians,environmentalistsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworldassembledtodiscussthewayof（

）atmospherepollution.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuttingup

B.cuttingdown

C.cuttingoff

D.cuttingout

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語辨析。根據(jù)句意‘來自世界各地的政治家、環(huán)保人士和商人們都聚集在一起來討論減少大氣污染的方法?！芍颂幨侵敢懻摐p少大氣污染的方法，因此應(yīng)填表示“減少”的含義，A選項(xiàng)cutup“切碎”;B選項(xiàng)cutdown“砍倒，減少”；C選項(xiàng)cutoff“切斷，隔絕”；D選項(xiàng)cutout“切斷，刪掉”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Duringtheracesthereweretwoaccidentstomotor-cyclistsincludingone（）accident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fatal

B.killing

C.deadly

D.deathly

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。fatal致命的，一般指不可避免的；killing殺害的；deadly指能致命或?qū)嶋H已致命的事物，也可指企圖使他人致死的人；deathly死一般的。句意：在比賽中摩托車手發(fā)生了兩起事故，包括一起致命事故。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.翻譯題

學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)于心靈而言，猶如食物對(duì)于身體一樣重要。攝取足夠的食物營(yíng)養(yǎng)之后，身體才得以成長(zhǎng)，肌肉才得以發(fā)達(dá)。同樣，為保持敏銳的心智能力和擴(kuò)充智力容量，我們應(yīng)該日復(fù)一日地不斷學(xué)習(xí)。不斷學(xué)習(xí)為我們提供無盡的能量，它是跟上信息時(shí)代步伐最穩(wěn)妥的方法，也是在變動(dòng)的時(shí)代中取得成功的可靠保證。

【答案】Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusclesdevelopwiththeintakeofadequatenutritiousfood.Likewise,weshouldkeeplearningdaybydaytomaintainourkeenmentalpowerandexpandourintellectualcapacity.Learningincessantlyisthesurestwaytokeeppacewiththetimesintheinformationage,andreliablewarrantofsuccessintimesofuncertainty.

4.單選題

Thisweektentopdesignerswill（

）theirautumncollectionsatthefashionfair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enhance

B.lubricate

C.hustle

D.unveil

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。enhance提高，增加；lubricate加潤(rùn)滑油，使?jié)櫥?；hustle推搡，硬擠；unveil揭去…的面罩。句意：這周十位頂級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)師將在時(shí)尚展上揭開她們秋季作品的面紗。D項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D

5.單選題

Thepolicechargedthemanwiththe（）ofthewatch.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.steal

B.theft

C.thief

D.thesis

【答案】B

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)steal“偷竊”，動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)theft“偷，盜竊”，名詞；C選項(xiàng)thief“小偷，竊賊”；D選項(xiàng)thesis“論文；論點(diǎn)”。句意：警察控告這名男子……了手表。本句的主語是Thepolice“警察”，謂語charged“控告”，賓語theman“這個(gè)男人”，with接賓語補(bǔ)足語。句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動(dòng)詞，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入偷竊的名詞。chargesb.withsth.“控告某人某事”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們可以知道什么？錄音開始不久便提到，一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了晴雪天氣對(duì)消費(fèi)者行為的影響，C選項(xiàng)“天氣條件影響消費(fèi)者的購買行為”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者想象他們?cè)诓煌鞖庀碌幕顒?dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者的心理狀態(tài)隨著商品價(jià)格的變化而變化”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。B選項(xiàng)“好的天氣引發(fā)消費(fèi)者購物的欲望”，錄音中只是表明晴雪天氣會(huì)觸發(fā)消費(fèi)者將這些天氣與產(chǎn)品的使用聯(lián)想在一起，而這樣的聯(lián)想會(huì)增加產(chǎn)品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值，也就是說，他們?cè)敢鉃檫@些產(chǎn)品支付更多的錢。這表明他們?cè)敢饣ǜ叩膬r(jià)格來購買東西，并不是說好天氣引發(fā)購物欲，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說，什么可以增加產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。錄音中提及晴雪天氣會(huì)促使消費(fèi)者想象與這些天氣相關(guān)的商品使用情景，從而增加商品在消費(fèi)者心目中的價(jià)值，并以沙灘毛巾為例具體說明。因此，B選項(xiàng)“大腦想象”正確。A選項(xiàng)“直接關(guān)聯(lián)”利用correlation作干擾，消費(fèi)者通過天氣聯(lián)想商品使用的場(chǎng)景，然后想象的畫面使得商品增值，這是間接的關(guān)聯(lián)，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人關(guān)聯(lián)”，新研究揭示的是一般消費(fèi)者的普遍行為，并沒有針對(duì)個(gè)人進(jìn)行研究，因此不正確；D選項(xiàng)“主動(dòng)消費(fèi)”，錄音中并沒有表明消費(fèi)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

11.Howcanthefindingsofthenewstudybenefitonlinesellers,accordingtotheresearchers?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問研究人員認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以怎樣使網(wǎng)上賣家受益？錄音結(jié)尾處提及，研究人員認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上賣家在決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格時(shí)，如果能把更多的天氣信息納入考慮，會(huì)有助于做出更明智的決定，從而促進(jìn)銷售。因此，D選項(xiàng)“幫助他們決定賣什么和定什么價(jià)格”正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助他們宣傳更多種類的產(chǎn)品”，錄音中并沒有提及“advertise（宣傳）”這一信息，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“使他們能以更高的價(jià)格銷售產(chǎn)品”，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)跟某些天氣條件有正相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品可以在消費(fèi)者心中增值，從而使他們?cè)敢庵Ц陡嗟腻X，但并非所有商品都有這些效應(yīng)，因此可排除B選項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“使他們能夠簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式”利用mathematicalformulas設(shè)置干擾，錄音只提及網(wǎng)上賣家用復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)公式去幫助做銷售決策，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以幫助他們更好地做決策，但沒說簡(jiǎn)化數(shù)學(xué)公式，因此C選項(xiàng)也不正確。

7.單選題

AntiwarchampionRep.JohnMurthawantstoattachconditionsontheimpendingsupplemental_______billtofundthewar.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.approbations

B.approximations

C.apprehensions

D.appropriations

【答案】D

【解析】approbation官方批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可;approximation接近,近似值;apprehension理解,恐懼,逮捕；appropriation挪用,撥款。句意：反戰(zhàn)派共和黨員JohnMurtha希望對(duì)即將通過的為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)提供資金的追加撥款法案附加條件。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

8.單選題

Thecoalitionpartieshaveaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupporttheailingmarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapidlyexpanding

B.steadilyimproving

C.makingchanges

D.havingdifficulties

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。橫線單詞ailing意為“生病的，身體不舒服的；病態(tài)的；處境困難的”；A選項(xiàng)“rapidlyexpanding”意為“迅速擴(kuò)大的”；B選項(xiàng)“steadilyimproving”意為“穩(wěn)定提高的”；C選項(xiàng)“makingchanges”意為“交換；更改”；D選項(xiàng)“havingdifficulties”意為“有困難的”。句意：聯(lián)合政黨已要求政府考慮動(dòng)用更多資金，幫助支撐低迷的市場(chǎng)。由題干可知，thegovernmenttoconsiderusingmorefundstohelpsupportthemarket（政府考慮動(dòng)用更多資金幫助支撐市場(chǎng)），可以推測(cè)出市場(chǎng)的情況不好，出現(xiàn)了困難。由此可知，ailing在此處最可能是“處境困難的”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Itiscommonknowledgethatoneculture（

）withthearea.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.connects

B.relates

C.associates

D.correlates

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一種文化與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展相互依存，這是常識(shí)。

動(dòng)詞辨析。connect和relate都能與with連用，表示“與…聯(lián)系”，但側(cè)重于兩者的關(guān)系；associatewith意為“聯(lián)合，將…聯(lián)系在一起”；correlatewith“相互依存”；將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入題干對(duì)比分析可知，最佳答案選項(xiàng)為D。

10.單選題

Theheroofthebook,Charles,isaconventionalnineteenth-centurygentleman;theheroineSarah,______byherlover,isa“fallenwoman”,whomCharlestriestohelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobediscarded

B.tohavebeenabandoned

C.havingcastaway

D.havingbeendeserted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobediscarded被拋棄B.tohavebeenabandoned被遺棄

C.havingcastaway丟掉D.havingbeendeserted被拋棄

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語修飾theheroineSarah（女主人公莎拉），通過介詞by可知，此處表示被動(dòng)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知是表示“拋棄”，desert強(qiáng)調(diào)“違背允諾、誓言或責(zé)任”違，尤其指“背叛、擅離職守”，所以D項(xiàng)符合。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)discard強(qiáng)調(diào)拋棄、丟棄無用的事物或永遠(yuǎn)放棄某個(gè)信念；

B項(xiàng)abandon強(qiáng)調(diào)完全、永遠(yuǎn)地遺棄，尤其指遺棄以前負(fù)有責(zé)任的人或物；

C項(xiàng)為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，且castaway（丟掉）不符合句意。

【句意】書中的主人公查爾斯是一位傳統(tǒng)的19世紀(jì)紳士；被愛人拋棄的女主人公莎拉是一個(gè)“墮落的女人”，查爾斯試圖幫助她。

11.單選題

Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate（）_.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bore

B.bored

C.boredom

D.bordom

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞語辨析。A、B、C個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于同根詞?？崭袂笆莄reate動(dòng)詞，因此應(yīng)填入名詞。bore“孔；令人討厭的人”；bored“無聊的；煩擾”，沒有名詞用法；boredom“厭倦；令人厭煩的事物”；bordom屬于錯(cuò)詞。句意：電子技術(shù)的影響最初是給人帶來焦慮。現(xiàn)在它似乎在制造……。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Humansocietiestheworldoverhaveconfrontedthesameexistentialproblemsandhavecometoremarkably（）solutions,differingonlyinsuperficialdetails.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.diverse

C.varied

D.similar

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)identical“完全相同的”；B選項(xiàng)diverse“不同的，多種多樣的”；C選項(xiàng)varied“各式各樣的”；D選項(xiàng)similar“相似的”。句意：人類社會(huì)都會(huì)面臨同樣的生存問題，但都能找到非常相似的解決方案，只是在表面的細(xì)節(jié)上有所不同。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

13.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacalltheninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Theyalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogram.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula”.Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.Whichbodypartismostaffectedbytalkingintoacellphonewhendriving?

2.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiment,thesubjectswhoperformtaskswhiletalking____.

3.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking____.

4.Thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving____.

5.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeopleusinghands-freephoneslieswith____.

6.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hands.

B.Feet.

C.Eyes.

D.Thebrain.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmademoremistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmadefewermistakes

D.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

B.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnecessaryandfeasible

B.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

C.willarouseheateddebate

D.hasbeenwidelyobserved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thelawmakers

B.carmanufacturers

C.driversthemselves

D.newtechnology6.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.informpeopleofthedangerofusingphoneswhiledriving

B.callonlawmakerstomakenewlawsontheuseofcellphones

C.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphonewhiledriving

D.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichbodypartismostaffectedbytalkingintoacellphonewhendriving?身體的哪個(gè)部位受開車時(shí)對(duì)著手機(jī)說話的影響最大？

A.Hands.A.手

B.Feet.B.腳

C.Eyes.C.眼睛

D.Thebrain.D.大腦

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞talkingintoacellphonewhendriving定位到原文第一段第二句，這句話講到“最新的研究（thelatestresearch）進(jìn)一步證實(shí)，危險(xiǎn)不在于司機(jī)打電話時(shí)手的動(dòng)作，而在于談話對(duì)大腦（hisbrain）的影響”，由此可知開車時(shí)打電話對(duì)大腦的影響最大，D選項(xiàng)“大腦”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“手”，原文雖然提到了手的影響，但是對(duì)大腦的影響更大，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“腳”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“眼睛”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiment,thesubjectswhoperformtaskswhiletalking____.在Kunar和Horowitz的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，做任務(wù)時(shí)說話的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象____。

A.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakesA.反應(yīng)更快，犯的錯(cuò)誤更少

B.reactedmorequicklyandmademoremistakesB.反應(yīng)更快，犯的錯(cuò)誤更多

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmadefewermistakesC.反應(yīng)更慢，犯的錯(cuò)誤更少

D.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakesD.反應(yīng)更慢，犯的錯(cuò)誤更多

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞KunarandHorowitz’sexperiment定位到原文第2段。本段介紹兩人的實(shí)驗(yàn)，第3句說到“那些撥打相當(dāng)于免手電話的人的平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間比沒有接聽電話的人慢212毫秒（212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot）”，由此可知，做任務(wù)時(shí)說話的人反應(yīng)更慢；本段最后一句說到“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)使用免提工具的小組比不說話的小組多出83%的錯(cuò)誤（made83percentmoreerrors）”，由此可知，做任務(wù)時(shí)說話的人犯的錯(cuò)誤更多，綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)更慢，犯的錯(cuò)誤更多”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking____.根據(jù)FrankDrews的觀點(diǎn)，聽乘客講話____。

A.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversationA.比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大

B.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastoryB.比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversationC.比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastoryD.比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞FrankDrews定位到原文第3段最后一句，這句話說“FrankDrews的研究表明，乘客的閑聊也是如此（thesame）?！睋?jù)此，往前定位文中介紹的前一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論。前一句說到“Kunar博士認(rèn)為，電話交談時(shí)，思考對(duì)方的反應(yīng)會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)大腦資源（competesforthebrain’sresources），而聽一段獨(dú)白則不會(huì)（listeningtoamonologuedoesnot）”，由此可知，該實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論是，聽一段獨(dú)白對(duì)大腦的影響比電話交談小。而FrankDrews認(rèn)為乘客的閑聊也是如此，即乘客的閑聊對(duì)司機(jī)的影響也比電話交談小，C選項(xiàng)“比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大”，與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大”，原文并未有“聽故事”和“與乘客閑聊”兩者之間的比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小”，原文并未有“聽故事”和“與乘客閑聊”兩者之間的比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving____.法律禁止在開車時(shí)使用手持電話____。

A.isnecessaryandfeasibleA.是必要和可行的

B.hasbeenfrequentlybrokenB.經(jīng)常被違反

C.willarouseheateddebateC.將引起激烈的爭(zhēng)論

D.hasbeenwidelyobservedD.已經(jīng)被廣泛遵守

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句說到“懲罰那些在開車時(shí)使用手持設(shè)備的人已經(jīng)夠困難的了（difficultenough），即使他們可以從車外看到?！庇纱丝芍词咕炜吹介_車的司機(jī)用手持設(shè)備打電話，懲罰他們也很困難，說明這種現(xiàn)象很常見。本文第一句說到“許多國(guó)家已經(jīng)規(guī)定開車時(shí)對(duì)著手持手機(jī)打電話是違法的（illegal）。”綜上，B選項(xiàng)“禁止在開車時(shí)使用手持電話的法律經(jīng)常被違反”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是必要和可行的”，原文說懲罰那些違反該法律的人很困難，說明這個(gè)法律實(shí)行很困難，并不可行，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“將引起激烈的爭(zhēng)論”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表述，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被廣泛遵守”，與原文表述相反，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesthopeofstoppingpeopleusinghands-freephoneslieswith____.阻止人們使用免提電話的最大希望在于____。

A.thelawmakersA.法律制定者

B.carmanufacturersB.汽車工廠

C.driversthemselvesC.司機(jī)自己

D.newtechnologyD.新的技術(shù)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞stoppingpeopleusinghands-freephones定位到原文最后一段。本段倒數(shù)第2句說到“唯一的解決辦法（theonlyanswer）可能是說服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)關(guān)掉手機(jī)（Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoff）?！庇纱丝芍柚谷藗兪褂妹馓犭娫挼淖畲笙Ｍ谟谡f服司機(jī)自己關(guān)掉手機(jī)，C選項(xiàng)“司機(jī)自己”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“法律制定者”，關(guān)于禁止使用手持電話的法律都很難實(shí)行，靠法律制定者制定法律阻止使用免提電話也不可行。

B選項(xiàng)“汽車工廠”，原文最后一段第2句說到“現(xiàn)在越來越多的車輛配備了使用免提電話必要的設(shè)備（fittedwiththenecessaryequipment）”，因此，汽車工廠是支持使用免提設(shè)備的。

D選項(xiàng)“新的技術(shù)”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.本文的目的是為了____。

A.informpeopleofthedangerofusingphoneswhiledrivingA.告知人們開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)

B.callonlawmakerstomakenewlawsontheuseofcellphonesB.呼吁立法者制定關(guān)于使用手機(jī)的新法律

C.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphonewhiledrivingC.為開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的司機(jī)提供建議

D.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingphoneswhiledrivingD.權(quán)衡開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的好處和壞處

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文一共4段，第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“打電話影響司機(jī)的大腦，開車時(shí)打電話，即使是免提電話也很危險(xiǎn)”；第2-3段分別介紹兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明打電話對(duì)司機(jī)大腦的影響；第4段說讓司機(jī)開車時(shí)不打電話只能靠司機(jī)自己。本文主體1-3段都在說開車時(shí)打電話很危險(xiǎn)，因此，本文的目的是A選項(xiàng)“告知人們開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“呼吁立法者制定關(guān)于使用手機(jī)的新法律”，最后一段提到用法律解決這個(gè)問題很困難，幾乎不可能，所以作者的目的不會(huì)是呼吁立法者制定相關(guān)法律，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“為開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的司機(jī)提供建議”，本文并未涉及提建議的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)不是本文的目的，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“權(quán)衡開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的好處和壞處”，本文只提到了壞處，沒有提到好處，所以本文的目的不是權(quán)衡利弊，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

14.單選題

Nearlyeleventhousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizing

B.neglecting

C.blaming

D.disclosing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defy（其現(xiàn)在分詞為defying）“違抗，反對(duì)；藐視；不顧”；A選項(xiàng)criticize（其現(xiàn)在分詞為criticizing）“批評(píng)；評(píng)論”；B選項(xiàng)neglect（其現(xiàn)在分詞為neglecting）“疏忽，故意忽視”；C選項(xiàng)blame（其現(xiàn)在分詞blaming）“責(zé)備；歸咎于”；D選項(xiàng)disclose（其現(xiàn)在分詞為disclosing）“公開；揭露”。句意：近1.1萬人因藐視街頭交易禁令而被捕。根據(jù)句中“arrested逮捕”與“thebanonstreettrading街頭交易禁令”可知defy在這里應(yīng)表示一種故意忽視，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreatdespairto（

）theirlives.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overflow

B.scatter

C.permeate

D.manipulate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。overflow“使溢出”；scatter“散播；散開”；permeate“彌漫；充滿”；manipulate“操級(jí)；操作”。句意：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)去世的消息使得絕望的心情彌漫在他們生活中。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Hemadesome（

）sketcheswhichwouldserveasguideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primary

B.elementary

C.fundamental

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。primary意為“首要的，主要的，初級(jí)的，最初的”，指處于初級(jí)或低級(jí)狀態(tài)；elementary意為“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始階段，或指學(xué)習(xí)某一學(xué)科或接受教育等處于入門階段或只是剛剛接觸的基本知識(shí)或原理；fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，根本的”，指作為基礎(chǔ)、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意為“初步的，初級(jí)的”指在正式開始舉某活動(dòng)之前進(jìn)行的“初步的、預(yù)備的”活動(dòng)。由sketches（草圖）可知選D。

句意：他畫了一些初步的草圖，作為他畫肖像之前的指導(dǎo)。

17.單選題

Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent,herbookdoesnotridiculeallpredictionsofdoombutratherclaimsthattherisksofharmhaveinmanycasesbeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exaggerated

B.derided

C.ignored

D.scrutinized

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。通過Inarguingagainstassertionsthatenvironmentalcatastropheisimminent可知這里駁斥的是environmentalcatastropheisimminent，所以對(duì)下文claim的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與這個(gè)相反：即認(rèn)為環(huán)境災(zāi)難并沒有臨近，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)只是被夸大了。exaggerat夸張；deride嘲笑；ignore忽視；scrutinize詳細(xì)檢查。句意：在對(duì)環(huán)境災(zāi)難臨近的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行駁斥的過程中，她的作品并沒有嘲笑所有的厄運(yùn)預(yù)測(cè)，而是指出災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在許多情況下被夸大了。

18.單選題

13.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Themanisaliar.

B.ThemanisjealousofLisa.

C.Shedoesnotagreewiththemanonthat.

D.ShewillsurelydothesameasLisadoes.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Lisasaysthatthejobtakesthebackseattothefamilyaftersheismarried.Shemustbeagoodwife.

W:Thisisonlywhatshesaysnotwhatshedoes.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】女士說：Thisisonlywhatshesaysnotwhatshedoes，因此表明女士不同意男士的說法。

19.單選題

Thereiswidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccomplishedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventions,suchasstainlesssteel,television,sillicons,andplexiglassweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolisticpoweronthegroundsthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlytheprodigiousassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpenditurethatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpenditureforresearch,wefindthatofthemorethan$35billionspenteachyearinthiscountry,almosttwo-thirdsisspentbythefederalgovernment.Morethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment,accountingfortheenormousincreaseinspendinginsuchindustriesasnuclearenergy,aircraft,missiles,andelectronics.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,alternately,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlongstandingconceptionoftheprocessactuatedbycompetition.Thepricevariable,onceperceivedasthedominantaspectoftheprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudget,itwouldbeanegregiouserrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusquoandresistthethreatimplicitinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittlevestedinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecases,whereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialGoliath,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresforinnovation.

41.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsoftwentiethcentury______.

42.Itistheauthor’sbelief,asexpressedorimpliedinthepassage,that______.

43.Managementandstockholdersmightbedeeplyconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif______.

44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor______.

45.Theamountofmoneyspentbythefederalgovernmentfornon-militaryresearchandproductdevelopmentis______.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisneitherexpressednorimpliedinthepassage?

47.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto______.

48.Whichofthefollowingbestsupportsthethesisthatindustrialgiantsdonotbestservetoprovidetheinnovationweneedtoimproveourstandardoflivingandprotectourdiminishingresources?

49.Theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescencebydeliberatelyobstructingtechnologicalprogress.Thesentencemeans______.

50.Accordingtotheauthor,theconglomeratesmayspendlargeamountoninnovationbecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arenotnecessarilyproducedasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitaryweaponsresearchanddevelopment

B.cameprimarilyfromthehugelaboratoriesofmonopolyindustries

C.wereproducedatleastasfrequentlybyindependentinventorsasbyresearchteams

D.havegreaterimpactonsmallerfirmsthanonconglomerates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.monopolypowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation

B.governmentprotectionformilitaryresearchwilldomuchtoprotectourdwindlingresources

C.industrialgiants,withtheirmanagerialbureaucracies,respondmorequicklytotechnologicalchange

D.firmswithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursueinnovationsbecausetheyarenotlockedintooldcapitalequipment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theircompanyisfacedwithstrongcompetitioninafieldnotdominatedbyoneoftheindustrialgiants

B.theyareverystableandsecureandholdamonopolypositionintheirindustry

C.theyarepartofthemilitary-industrialcomplexandaretherecipientsoffederalfundsforproductdevelopment

D.theyhaveproducedsomeoftheimportantinventionsofthiscentury

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleconfidenceintheabilityofmonopolisticindustrytoproducetheimportantinventionsofthefuture

B.wouldratherseethefederalgovernmentspendmoneyonsocialservicesthanonthedefenseestablishment

C.favorsaconservativeapproachtoinnovationandplacestrustinconglomeratestoprovideefficientproduction

D.whileadmittingthatmorethanhalftheimportantinventionsofthecenturywereproducedbyindependentinventors,feelthatthefutureliesinthehandsofgiantindustry

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.morethan$36billioneachyear

B.approximately$24billioneachyear

C.morethan$18billioneachyear

D.lessthan$12billioneachyear

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Importantinventionshavebeenproduced,inthepast,byindividualsaswellasbycorporateteams.

B.Thefederalgovernment’sresearchfundsarefunneledintopureresearchaswellasmilitaryresearch.

C.Thedevelopmentoftheautomatictransmissionisnotcreditedtoorganizedindustrialresearch.

D.Industrialgiantsmaydeliberatelysuppressinnovationstoavoidcapitallossresultingfromobsolescence.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.advocateanincreaseingovernmentsupportoforganizedindustrialresearch

B.pointoutacommonmisconceptionabouttherelationshipbetweentheextentofindustrialresearchandthegrowthofmonopolisticpowerinindustry

C.describetheinadequaciesofsmallfirmsindealingwiththeimportantmatterofresearchandinnovation

D.showthatAmerica’sstrengthdependsuponindividualingenuityandresourcefulness

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Morethanhalftheimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.

B.Morethanhalfthegovernmentexpenditureforresearchgoestomilitaryresearch.

C.Themissileindustryisonethatbenefitsfromgovernmentspendingforresearch.

D.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances.

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbecauseofobsolescencebypurposelypreventingtechnologicalprogress

B.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebypurposelypromotingtechnologicalprogress

C.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebydeliberatelyspendingmoremoneyontechnologicalprogress

D.thattheindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallosscausedbyobsolescencebypurposelyinvestingmoremoneyoninnovation

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.theyarecompletelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures

B.theyaresupportiveofinnovation

C.theycanaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneeded

D.they,too,mustcompeteagainstanotherindustrialGoliath

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:D

【解析】41.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

41.Accordingtothepassage,importantinventionsoftwentiethcentury______.41.根據(jù)文章，20世紀(jì)的重要發(fā)明______。

A.arenotnecessarilyproducedasaresultofgovernmentalsupportformilitar